alireza jamshidi

To investigate the body composition, lipid profile, quality of life, self-concept, and nutritional knowledge of Pahlavani wrestlers of Kermanshah city. 57 adult Pahlavani wrestlers participated in this study. They completed the quality of life, self-concept, and nutritional knowledge questionnaires on 3 consecutive days, and then, on two separate days, their body composition and lipid profile were measured. The quality of life, muscle mass percentage, and bone and mineral content were significantly higher than the normal values (p ˂ 0.05). Also, the lipid profile was in a normal state. Conversely, the self-concept, nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, and nutritional practice were significantly lower than the normal values of these variables (p ˂ 0.05). Finally, the BMI was significantly lower than the normal value (p ˂ 0.05) and the fat percentage and visceral fat index were not significantly different (p ˃ 0.05) from their normal values. The results indicated that Pahlavani wrestlers of Kermanshah are in favorable conditions in many physical and body composition health indicators, which somehow shows the possible positive effects of this sport on different aspects of health. However, Pahlavani wrestlers had a considerably lower self-concept and nutritional knowledge than the normal values.

Having an acceptable level of participation of citizens in various urban affairs, especially urban management, is one of the main pillars of respecting citizenship rights and achieving sustainable development. One of the most important aspects of citizens' participation in various city affairs is their participation in the decision-making process of the city's Islamic councils, which are directly elected by citizens' votes. The aim of the present applied research is to predict the level of citizens' participation in the decision-making process of the city's Islamic councils and to identify the most important obstacles to attracting citizens' participation in the said process, which has been conducted as a case study in the city of Ilam. The statistical population of the current research is 194030 citizens of Ilam city, of which 384 people were selected for the study through Cochran's formula, then using a researcher's questionnaire, the necessary information was obtained from the neighborhoods of Rozmendagh, Shadabad, Zamin Shahri, Ban Bor, Rislat in a simple random manner. , agricultural settlement was collected in Ilam city. It is necessary to explain that the face validity and reliability of the research tool was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.758). Also, the statistical methods used for data analysis were one-sample t-test and exploratory factor analysis. The results of the research showed that despite the fact that the level of citizens' participation in the decision-making process of the councils is in an unfavorable situation with an average of 2.2, the willingness of citizens to participate in the decision-making process of the councils is at a high level with an average of 3.17. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the five main obstacles to the participation of citizens in the decision-making process of the Islamic councils of Ilam city, which were able to explain 79.662% of the variance of the dependent variable, are, in order of importance, the lack of citizen-oriented councils, the weakness of the scientific foundation. The specialization of councils, the limitations of laws and regulations and supervision, the weakness of social capital and the lack of attention of citizens.

Since accounting conservatism affects the company's financial reports, it plays an important role in evaluating the company's commitment to shareholders and subsequently the company's reputation. On the other hand, companies with a strong reputation have more concerns to protect their reputation. Therefore, seems to be a reciprocal relationship between corporate reputation and accounting conservatism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between company reputation and accounting conservatism. In order to achieve the goal of the research, a sample of 123 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2016 to 2023, equivalent to 984 company-years, was analyzed using regression analysis based on combined data. The findings of this study show that the use of conservative accounting procedures leads to the improvement of the company's reputation. Also, the findings indicate that corporate reputation positively affects conservatism. In addition to the development of literature, these findings can be of interest to company managers, analysts and investors.

The Covid-19 pandemic, the outbreak of which is attributed to Wuhan, China, has had severe effects worldwide on all industries, including the tourism industry. Sample tourism areas are one of the most important spaces that attract tourists and travelers in our country, which are established and managed by the non-governmental sector in order to provide services to tourists. The administrations of 50 exemplary tourism regions, Kermanshah province, as one of the potential provinces, are active in attracting tourists and providing services to them. It is one of the typical tourist areas of Kermanshah province, Sarab Ravansar, which is situated on Mount Shaho due to its beautiful landscape. Also, being in the vicinity of the central communication axis between cities, and a short distance from the border bazaar, this city, welcomes many tourists and travelers throughout the year. During the pandemic, the significant effects of Covid-19 have been accepted by the activists located in the area of this tourist attraction, like other tourist spots. Examining it can, while clarifying the dimensions of the impact of the pandemic on tourism activists, provide the necessary background and platform for future planning in the face of similar crises. Therefore, the central question of the current research is:-What are the most important socio-economic effects of Covid-19 on the active beneficiaries in the sample tourism area of Sarab Ravansar?

In terms of approach, the current research is a quantitative study based on the objective of applied type, and in terms of nature, it is a part of descriptive-analytical studies. In this research, a library method has been exerted in theoretical foundations, and a survey method to collect information related to the studied society. The statistical population of this research includes all households in Ravansar city that engage in service-economic activities in Sarab Ravansar. In this study, to obtain a suitable sample and fit the study's objectives, the available simple random sampling method was used to determine the number of samples of the Cochrane relationship.The tool for collecting information in this research is a questionnaire that is taken from the studies of Rabiei and Tak Roostai (2020), Afzali and Zare Mehrjardi (2020), Askari Sawadjani et al. 2021, Pazukinejad et al. (2021) and in three parts, it includes questions about the personal and social characteristics of the respondents, including age, gender, education, occupation, etc. The second part includes items in the field of anxiety caused by Covid-19. The third part included items on economic effects, and the fourth part was also on the social effects of Covid-19 on tourism in the studied area. Related software such as SPSS and Smart PLS have been used in this study for data analysis.

Based on the results of the t statistic related to the studied indicators, it was observed that the extracted t coefficient was positive and significant for the indicators of concern about financial issues (t = 5.83), concern about closure, or disruption of activity. related things (t = 5.35), stress caused by thinking about Covid-19 (t = 7.9) and fear of being infected with Covid-19 (t = 3.48). This situation shows that the average of the mentioned indicators among the studied people is greater than the theoretical average (3). Also, the positivity of the two upper and lower limits related to the total index indicates the significance of the difference between the mean of the variable in question and the theoretical mean. On the other hand, based on the obtained results, considering the index of concern about the transmission of the virus to others (t = -3.32), the t coefficient was negative and significant. Therefore, it can be said that the theoretical mean (3) of the mean This index has been larger. In other words, as it was said in the first part, the studied people were not worried about the transmission of the virus by themselves to others.Based on the results obtained from the structural equation model, the variable of anxiety caused by Covid-19 has a significant effect on the variables in question, so that it has a significant effect on the economic (with an influence coefficient of 0.383) and social factors (with an influence coefficient of 0.509). have been. Also, the variable of economic factors affected by the Covid-19 has also had a significant effect on social factors with a coefficient of 0.137.

The social factors examined in this study include the three indicators of business, education and family domains. It showed that the initial results of the investigation of indicators related to social factors affected by Covid-19 were positive and significant, the t coefficient extracted for the indicators of the family domain (t = 4.96), the education domain (t = 3.06) and the business domain and work (t = 4.01). Based on this, it can be said that from the point of view of the studied people, Covid-19 had an effect on social indicators, and this was confirmed based on the structural model. So that the results of the model showed that the anxiety of Covid-19 (the effect of Covid-19) had a significant effect on social factors (with an influence coefficient of 0.509). Although the effect of Covid-19 on social spheres such as economic issues is not clear and direct, and even in some studies it is mentioned that these effects are not well known, but the effects of Covid-19, which include the implementation of quarantine, distancing social issues and even anxiety from Covid-19 have caused the closure or partial closure of many jobs and businesses in the studied area, which has affected family and educational relationships and even social interactions due to their jobs. The result obtained in the field of social effects caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is consistent with the results of Imani Jajermi's study (2019), Abbas et al. (2021), Suliko et al. (2021), Sah et al. (2020).

This study is conducted in order to investigate the impact of the use of smuggled cosmetics and health products on the lifestyle of female consumers in the city of Tehran, This research is applied in terms of purpose and due to the nature of the data, it is causal-explanatory. The statistical population consists of female citizens of Tehran over 18 years old in 2017. The sample size was estimated to be 384 people and multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to find the study unit. The measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The content and factor validity were checked, so that the content validity was obtained by using SH Laushe's formula equal to 0.88; And the reliability was obtained with Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.81. Based on the descriptive results, the use of smuggled health and cosmetic products among women is about 45%, and the results showed that 42.7% of women had a tendency to manage their bodies at medium and high levels. The results showed that the use of smuggled cosmetics and health products with a beta of 0.851, it has had an effect on the body management of female consumers. Also, according to the results of the beta coefficient (0.860), a linear causal relationship has been observed between the amount of consumption of smuggled cosmetics and the leisure time of female consumers. Finally, the beta coefficient (0.792) has shown that there is a linear causal relationship between the consumption of smuggled cosmetics and the lifestyle of female consumers.

, the main goal of the current research is to investigate the causes and factors influencing the migration of rural elites in Cherdavel City located in Ilam province. The statistical population of the present study includes all the elites living in rural areas in the central part of Cherdavel City, and 30 people have been selected and studied as a statistical sample. The tool used in this research includes a researcher-made questionnaire whose content (form) and structural validity and reliability were verified using composite reliability. Data analysis was done through correlation analysis and pattern finding of structural equations using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The preliminary results of the evaluation of the model studied in this research showed that the model has acceptable fit indices. The results of the correlation test showed a significant and negative relationship between the independent variables (natural factors, cultural-social factors, economic factors, service-welfare factors, scientific-educational factors, and psychological factors) with the desire to migrate among the rural elites studied in Cherdavel City of There is the province of Ilam. Also, the modeling of structural equations showed that they had the most influence on the dependent variable, respectively, economic factors (γ = -0.727, t = 42.75), scientific-educational factors (γ = -0.35, 06 t = 9.), natural factors (γ = 0.169, t = 5.6). In general, the independent variables studied have explained 75.6% of the changes in the variance of the migration tendency of the rural elite.

The development of rural entrepreneurship is the key to solving various problems in the country's rural communities, including unemployment, poverty, food insecurity, migration, social anomalies, etc. The study aimed at investigating the focal correlation between entrepreneurship indicators (X variables including success, …) on sustainable rural development (Y variables including social sustainability, economic sustainability…) in rural areas west of Urmia Lake (in 2020-2021) to determine the variability between the two sets of variables. The statistical population of the study includes all households living on the western shore of Urmia Lake (N = 17738), of which 374 sample (households) were selected using Cochran's formula and multi-stage stratified sampling with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (Between 0.703 and 0.836). In this research, in order to investigate the objectives of the study, Canonical Correlation Analysisand Spearman's correlation coefficient were performed using SPSS software. The results of Canonical Correlation Analysis showed that there is a good linear combination between the set of focal variables of rural entrepreneurship indicators and the components of sustainable rural development in the studied areas. Also, the canonical correlation analysis of two significant sets showed that creativity (0.833) and self-confidence (0.898) have a significant relationship with economic stability (0.835) and physical stability (0.982). In other words, it can be concluded that by improving the situation of factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas, we can see sustainable rural development. Therefore, it can be suggested to increase skills such as self-reliance, self-confidence, creativity, responsibility, etc. among the villagers through holding various training classes.

The objective of current study was to determine the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on the pain anxiety and self-empathy of women suffered from breast cancer.

The research was conducted with the logic of single-case multiple-baseline designs with follow-up phases.The statistical population was  all female patients with breast cancer who came to Tehrans’ hospitals in 2021-2022.  A sample of 3 patients was drawn from the latter population and the therapy sessions were conducted individually for each case. The investigation tools were McCracken and Dhingra's Pain Questionnaire (2002) and Manavi Pour et al.'s Empathy Questionnaire (2019). using improvement percentage index and within and between situation analyzes, the data were analyzed in SPSS and Excel software.

The improvement percentage results illustrated that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy adequately powered patients with breast cancer where the impact for patients in the treatment stage was moderate and for those in the follow-up phase moderate to high. Moreover, results for self-empathy variable for patients in the treatment stage the effectiveness was medium to high while for the follow-up phase the effect was significant on patients. Visual analysis and the results of intra-situational and inter-situational analyzes indicated a significant difference between the baseline and intervention stages for all subjects (PND=100). The efficacy and stability of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on pain anxiety and self-empathy of women with breast cancer was confirmed in the follow-up phase.

The outcomes of the research revealed that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is promising method on pain anxiety and self-empathy of women with breast cancer. Therefore, it would suggest that clinical psychologists use this treatment to reduce pain anxiety and increase self-empathy in women with breast cancer.

The tourism industry is one of the crucial economic sectors deeply affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, especially rural tourism, which has been one of the main sources of income and employment for the local community and residents of the tourist villages. Therefore, this study aims to provide a measurement model for factors affecting rural tourism resilience in the Shamshir tourist village (located in Paveh County).

The present quantitative and applied study is conducted by the descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population includes all residents of Shamshir village working in the tourism sector. In this study, simple random sampling available for research was used to obtain an ideal sample. And Cochran's modified formula (n = 121) was used to determine the sample size. The tool used in this research is a questionnaire developed by the researcher, whose validity was formally confirmed using experts' opinions. Its reliability was also confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for the experimental data analysis, and multigroup analysis (MGA) was used to investigate the heterogeneity of the socio-economic status of the villagers.

The results of structural equation modeling showed that among different factors, the human capital factor (β = 0.636, sig = 0.000) and financial capital (β = 0.255, sig = 0.000) have the greatest effect on the resilience of villagers.

Improving literacy levels and providing the necessary platform for earning extra income play a decisive role in improving the level of resilience of people active in the tourism sector. Thus, strengthening them should be on the agenda of policymakers and tourism development planners.

The purpose of this study is to examine the lived experiences of agricultural workers in the Chardavol Township about the new world. The present study is a qualitative research that has been done using an interpretive paradigm and interpretive phenomenological method. The statistical population of the study includes all villagers active in the agricultural sector in Zanjire Sofla village in Chardavol Township in Ilam province. 14 participants were selected by purposive sampling method until theoretical saturation. The semi-structured interview method was used to collect information from participants and Van Mannen's (1990) method was used to analyze the data obtained from the semi-structured interviews. The results showed that a main theme entitled "New World" and 7 sub-themes including new lifestyle, a distinct consumption pattern, the integration and synergy of tensions, understanding the cross-sectional remedial shock, the symmetry of old and new vulnerabilities, socio-protective isolation and low government presence and the tendency to counter-value measures and the experience of the new sin is experienced by the participants.

Futures Studies in Planning the Self-Employed Businesses Continuity for Women-Headed Households will find the key drivers, key variables, and uncertainties in the development of women's economic empowerment, and will shape the desired future management. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the management of women's self-employed business continuity management in Chardavol Township, identifying key variables and developing effective scenarios for its realization. The purpose of this study is practical and it is a descriptive-analytical research conducted with an interpretive structural approach to measure the interactions of variables. In terms of the nature of the data, this research is a combination (quantitative and qualitative) and is based on documentary and survey data collection method. The results showed that out of the developed scenarios, there are 6 scenarios with strong adaptation to the future of self-employed women business continuity management in Chardavol. Of the six scenarios mentioned, three scenarios one, two, and three are perfectly desirable, and scenario 1 is the best-case scenario of managing self-employed business continuity of women-headed households in Chardavol.The results showed that out of the developed scenarios, there are 6 scenarios with strong adaptation to the future of self-employed women business continuity management in Chardavol. Of the six scenarios mentioned, three scenarios one, two, and three are perfectly desirable, and scenario 1 is the best-case scenario of managing self-employed business continuity of women-headed households in Chardavol.The results showed that out of the developed scenarios, there are 6 scenarios with strong adaptation to the future of self-employed women business continuity management in Chardavol. Of the six scenarios mentioned, three scenarios one, two, and three are perfectly desirable, and scenario 1 is the best-case scenario of managing self-employed business continuity of women-headed households in Chardavol.

This study aimed to investigate social capital and its impact on sustainable rural development. The is a descriptive-analytical research, the purpose is of the practical form and it is done in survey method. The statistic sample is all the heads of household lived in rural areas of Miankuh District, Ardal County. A sample of 254 persons was selected by stratified random sampling in the study area, using Sample Power software. The sample was studied under proportional impartation method. The questionnaire was used to collect information. The information was analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis, second stage, and Structural Equation Analysis Modeling. Validity of the research instruments was evaluated and confirmed contently (face validity) and structurally; its reliability was approved by composite reliability. The results of the social capital sub-indices indicate that social trust with a coefficient of 0.85, network quality with 0.72 and social participation with 0.67 have the highest correlation with social capital; common moral values with a coefficient of 0.37 has the lowest correlation. The inclusion of these factors in the structural equation modeling as sub-indices of community capital (hidden variable) as an independent variable shows the direct and the strong impact of social capital on sustainable development. That means, by changing a unit of social capital, a change of 0.84 occurs for the sustainable rural development in the study area. The results emphasize the necessity to pay attention to social capital and strengthen its various dimensions to move towards sustainable development in the Miankuh area

- Participation of citizens in various urban affairs brings many benefits such as enhancement of social capital, satisfaction, and improvement of the civil society.
- A condition for achievement of sustainable development in today’s cities is the participation of citizens in its various affairs.
- The constituent components of citizens’ participation include mental-spiritual participation, participation in provision of human resources, political participation, and financial participation.
- A low level of participation of citizens in urban management can be attributed to various factors, including the weakness of city managers and the rules and regulations concerning their selection, citizens’ lack of concern, etc.

Citizens’ participation in various matters of urban spaces is one of the most important issues in achievement of sustainable urban development, an acceptable level of which is one of the most significant concerns of policy makers and urban planners. For achievement of sustainable development in Ilam, a border city in Iran, it is of particular importance to investigate the status of citizen participation in urban management and identify the factors affecting the level thereof, which makes up the main purpose of this study.

Theoretical Framework:

Living in a democratic society requires people to play an active role in various aspects of their lives (Predescu & Darjan, 2010: 3241). Citizen participation is of great importance in systems claiming democracy (Ginieniewicz, 2007: 328) and is vital for any democratic society, and democracy can be developed only through involved, informed citizens. In addition, it is important to have citizens ready to take responsibility for changing the reality of today’s world (Manganelli et al., 2012: 1476). For this reason, public participation is seen today as a new strategy in development (Khajeh Shahkoohi et al., 2015: 4). An inductive look at the existing patterns of participation in the world indicates that they can be classified according to three different criteria: the type of participation (1- decision-making, 2- financing, and 3- manpower), the field of participation in activities (1- construction, 2- environment, 3- ensuring city safety, 4- monitoring, 5- municipal services, and 6- social welfare), and the type of organization (1- spontaneous, self-motivated organizations and 2- formal, motivated organizations). Of course, it is also possible to classify participation patterns based on the activity to perform which the participation is made (Rezaei and Asyabani, 2018: 146).
In a general conclusion, it can be stated that citizen participation in urban management involves different aspects and a particular position in the issue of sustainable urban development. However, different factors affect the level of citizen participation in urban management, which can vary by urban space.

This is a descriptive-correlational applied quantitative study using the analysis of covariance-variance among correlation methods. The research area is Ilam, and the research population includes 194030 citizens of the city who are over 18 years old. 383 citizens were selected based on Cochran’s formula using stratified random sampling. In addition to documentary studies, the main research tool for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire. It should be noted that the design of the questionnaire used to measure citizen participation in urban management was based on the works by Amirahmadi et al. (2016) and Meymandi Parizi (2017). The validity of the research tool was evaluated and confirmed through consultation of experts and university teachers (face validity) and also using convergence. Combined reliability coefficients (greater than 0.7) and Cronbach’s alpha (greater than 0.7) were used to measure reliability. The two methods of descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation analysis and structural equation modeling) were used to analyze the data. It should be noted that one  statistical method used in the field of structural equation modeling is partial least squares, calling for the use of relevant software such as SPSS and SmartPLS to analyze the data.

The results of the structural model analysis demonstrated that the variable of satisfaction with the performance of urban managers exhibited a significant effect on other independent variables. Thus, it had the greatest impact on the variables of proper urban governance (with an impact factor of 0.275), job satisfaction (with an impact factor of 0.262), and social capital (with an impact factor of 0.255). On the other hand, the variable of satisfaction with the performance of urban managers exhibited the slightest effect (with an impact factor of 0.05) on the level of citizen participation in urban management, where we can point out the low level of citizen satisfaction with the performance of urban managers (2.37 on average).

The results demonstrated that there were significant relationships between citizen participation in urban management in the study area (the dependent variable of the research) and job satisfaction, satisfaction with the performance of urban managers, social capital, proper urban governance, quality of life (negative correlation), and sense of belonging to the place. Thus, it can be stated that the level of citizen participation decreases and increases as the level of each of these variables is decreased and increased. The results obtained from the structural analysis model (with the partial least squares method) indicated that the independent research variables were capable of explaining 75.8% of the variance in Ilam citizens’ participation in urban management. The values of the coefficients for the impacts of each of those variables on the dependent variable include 0.35 (quality of life), 0.05 (satisfaction with the performance of urban managers), -0.075 (social capital), 0.131 (job satisfaction), 0.372 (proper urban governance), and 0.275 (spatial affiliation).

Differential proceeding has different aspects and objectives. Despite completing the general rules of criminal procedure and eliminating the insufficiencies ,this model of criminal procedure may have some other objectives such as orbital security, increased punishment in some special cases, the consideration of legal persons , the protection of human personality in criminal process and effective confrontation with new forms and methods of committing crime.The subject of this study is to analyze the necessities and principles in this field and to present specific criteria for investigating legal person’s crimes in accordance with analytical-descriptive. Some of the necessities of this differentiation include the guarantee of rights of the parties of the case, the consideration of changes in committing crime practices ,the prediction of appropriate tools for the criminal process, the structural differences of a legal person compared to an natural person , and the principle of equal weapons. considering the innocence principle and exceptional acceptance of the criminal responsibility of legal persons forms the important legislative basis for regulation in this type of procedure. A correct insight from criminal justice practitioners and other active practitioners of these principles plays an effective role in the interpretation of law, fair trial achievement and the protection of the rights of individuals and society. The temporal and spatial unity of crime, a commonality in the charge between the legal representatives and the legal person and the similarity between the reference and the judicial authority are the common rules of this kind of proceeding. However, predicting the explanation of charges, particular criminal guarantee votes, derivative and exceptional criminal responsibility for legal persons, a different punishment regimen and the right to protest and an independent defense against judicial decisions and opinions are considered as specific rules of a legal person’s proceedings.

The purpose of this study is Identifying and prioritizing suitable strategies for the development of science and technology in Ilam province. In this study, three institutions of science, technology and market have been studied. The statistical population of the research was experts, specialists and managers active in universities, technology centers and various economic sectors of the province. In this research, 30 people from the statistical population were purposefully selected and studied. The tools used to collect dozens of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and discussions in focus groups. The validity of the tool was verified using the triangulation technique in the future research method and in the SWOT model, and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test (0.751 to 0.875). At the end, 15 key variables were identified in the structural analysis stage. These variables were then placed as the main basis of the science and technology development scenario in Ilam province. In the following, a possible, strong and suitable scenario for the development of science and technology in Ilam province was identified. Based on the total final score of each of the internal and external factors using the IEA method, it was determined that the most suitable strategy to achieve the desired scenario for the development of the science and technology sector of Ilam province is an aggressive strategy.

A B S T R A C TThe implementation of quarantine policies and temporary business closures, social distancing, etc., to curb the spread of Covid-19 by governments and citizens has imposed the most significant shock on the world's tourism industry and caused the destruction of various businesses and the livelihood of the beneficiaries of the tourism industry. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of the Covid-19 outbreak on the tourism industry from the point of view of the villagers working in the border market of Javanrood. The research's philosophical basis is a combination of a qualitative approach in the discussion stage (Q) and a quantitative approach in the factor analysis stage. The discourse community consists of 23 people who lived in one of the villages near the city of Javanrood and were active in the field of tourism (main or secondary occupation), who were selected using available sampling and snowball sampling. In order to analyze the data of Q matrices, exploratory factor analysis (Stephenson) and KADE v1.1.0 software was exerted. The results of this study showed that five mental patterns had been identified in the field of the impact of Covid-19 on people working in the service sector of the tourism industry such as instability of employment and income, social-environmental issues, reduction of investment, and psychological-health issues, and educational issues.Extended AbstractIntroductionAccording to the principle that the effects of Covid-19 have been greater in areas that have relied more on tourism, the researchers in this study aim to investigate and analyze the effects of the Covid-19 disease on the tourism industry in these peri-urban villages. It should be noted that due to the increasing trend of infectious diseases, investigating the effects of this disease on the tourism industry can provide an accurate and coherent scientific tool to deal with other crises while further explaining the subject under study. The results of this research can be used to deal with similar crises. According to the mentioned materials, the most important question of the research is: What are the most important effects of Covid-19 on the tourism industry in the peri-urban villages located near the city of Javanrood? MethodologyThe purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of the Covid-19 outbreak on the tourism industry from the point of view of the villagers working in the border market of Javanrood. The research's philosophical basis is a combination of a qualitative approach in the discussion stage (Q) and a quantitative approach in the factor analysis stage. The discourse community consists of 23 people who lived in one of the villages near the city of Javanrood and were active in the field of tourism (main or secondary occupation), who were selected using available sampling and snowball sampling.   In order to analyze the data of Q matrices, exploratory factor analysis (Stephenson) and KADE v1.1.0 software was exerted. Results and discussionAccording to the main purpose of the research, which is to identify the mentality of the villagers working in the tourism industry (tourism border market in the city of Javanrood) regarding the effects of Covid-19  on that industry, the findings and results of the study showed that in the context of the impact of Covid-19 on the tourism industry (people who work in the services of this industry are busy), the range of mentality of the participants regarding the effects of Covid-19 on those who are engaged in the tourism industry could be separated into five categories or factors. Therefore, according to the mentality of the participants of the study, the effects of Covid-19 on the tourism industry were divided into five factors: instability of employment and income, social-environmental issues, reduction of investment, psychological-health issues, and educational issues. Based on these extracted factors in the field of the effects of Covid-19 on the tourism industry, the participants do not think in the same way about the nature, causes, how it affects, and the affected parts. Even the examination of the five extractive factors according to the place of residence of the studied people also indicates different views of people, even people who live in the same village, on the effects of this virus. Of course, it should be noted that similarities can be seen among the studied people in terms of perspective so that the majority of people believed that a large number of people who had temporary jobs or retail sales in the border market of Javanrood lost their jobs due to the implementation of social distancing and the decrease in the number of tourists entering this city. Also, they often believed that the implementation of the social distancing law had caused a change in lifestyle, which has ultimately caused individualism due to social distancing and a decrease in hope. ConclusionThe results of the study showed that the first factor (the first mental pattern) had the most significant effect of Covid-19 on the people who worked in the tourism service sector in the border market, Javanrood city with a specific value of 3.94 and a percentage of the variance of 17, which was introduced as a factor of instability of employment and income. With the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, the government implemented some restrictions (from March 2018) to deal with the widespread and cut off its transmission chain. The most important restrictions were applied at that time, which had many harmful effects on tourism areas, including things such as traffic restrictions to cities and villages, closure of schools and educational institutions, closure of some businesses, not leaving the house, there were physical restrictions, social distancing, reduction of people's traffic on the streets and roads, etc. These severely imposed restrictions, in the first place, reduced the number of tourists entering the area. The decrease in the number of tourists is directly related to the decrease in the income of people working in that sector, especially people who were not able to earn money from their jobs in other ways, including selling in a virtual space (retailers, peddlers, coffee shops, butchers, food vendors on the side of the street and roads). Therefore, the unemployment rate has also increased due to the closure of many of the mentioned jobs. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The article 567 of the Iranian Islamic penal code, with an innovation towards the former law, has criminalized a new behavior which is encroaching on other’s bodily privacy and imposing intentional physical force on his body. This behavior, although may lead to spiritual injury in victim, leaves no effect in his body. This crime has considerable unity aspects with a criminal offence in the English legal system entitled "Battery". Scrutiny the elements of this crime in the English legal system and comparing it with the mentioned article and also studying the similarities and differences between these two crimes, shows new aspects of the mentioned article in our country’s legal system; Aspects which has not been considered so far. In addition, it seems that the nature of the legal response that inserted in the article 567 of the Iranian Islamic penal code for committing the matter of the article is not just punishment, but also has aspects of compensation.

The purpose of this applied research is to investigate the role of social capital on the performance of rural cooperatives in Fars province.

The statistical population of the present study consists of members of 173 active rural cooperatives in Fars province (295,367 people). Considering the geographical size of the province and the large size of the statistical population, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. A simple random sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaires among the samples. The main tool for collecting field data was the researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability have been confirmed by observing the principles of field research methods.

The results of the research showed that the general state of social capital among the members of rural cooperatives in Fars province (including the dimensions of trust, cohesion, awareness and social participation) is at an acceptable level (above average); However, the members' satisfaction with the performance of rural cooperatives in terms of managerial, social, economic, general performance and laws and regulations is at an average level. Based on the results, social capital indicators had a significant effect on the performance of rural cooperatives. Originality: The discussion of the performance of managers in the five sections in question was one of the main cases studied in this research, therefore, the innovation that took place in it was that the performance was examined through the survey of the members of the cooperatives.

Changes in different solute compounds in edaphic factors affect the spatial distribution of plant species, especially hemicryptophytes.Soil salinity is one of the most common desertification factors in arid and semi-arid regions that contributes to the degradation of the soils of regions susceptible to desertification and eventually leads to a decreased soil ecological potential which is considered as one of the most significant factors that intensifies desertification. In order to explore the impact of principal components of soil on the diversity of plant types in the forest regions scattered along the coastal belt of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, current research was conducted on saline soils in Hasan Langi Village. Analysis of correlation coefficient between different traits of the plants in the respective vegetation (percentage of coverage, height and density and diversity) and the soil parameters of the habitats indicated that these vegetative parameters were mostly correlated with acidity, texture, and total calcium and magnesium. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that components 1 and 2 explained a total of 85% variance suggesting the largest impact of soil factors on differentiation of vegetation. In total, the factor of diversity was most correlated with calcium and magnesium in the second depth while other vegetative characteristics were directly correlated with the amount of sodium and potassium as well as electrical conduction in the first depth and the amount of calcium in the second depth.

The entry of the government into the circle of permissible behaviors and the criminalization of some of them have certain bases. The mere fact that the norm is fundamental is not a reason for criminal intervention. Because the norms are not equally important, the legislature cannot treat them all the same, because the subject matter of all prohibited behaviors is different, and the proof of this claim in the field of criminal law is the difference in the amount of punishment that the legislator considered for crimes. Of course, the fact that a behavior is outside the scope of criminal law does not necessarily mean that the behavior is permissible. "infringement" refers to the existence of some forbidden behaviors, which in the interval between crimes and permissions, has been called " infringement ". In fact, the damage caused by committing "infringement" is not enough to make these acts worthy of entering the field of "crimes". This is where "infringement" comes into play and is known as the "infringement law" as a new field in law.

Today, informal settlements are an integral part of most cities in the world. This type of housing has characteristics such as poverty, unemployment, the prevalence of social ills, insufficient access to safe water and sanitation, unsustainable housing, lack of essential infrastructure and so on. Given that informal settlements accommodate a significant population of citizens, in order to respect citizenship rights and sustainable urban development, Planning and policy-making is essential to solve the problems of these settlements. Informal settlements located near Sanandaj, Including Naysar, they are no exception to this rule. Therefore, the present research has been done Aiming to identify challenges and providing operational-executive solutions to improve the status of Naysar as one of the informal settlements adjacent to Sanandaj. The present study is conducted within the framework of the interpretive-constructive paradigm and The research method is thematic analysis. Used to collect data from in-depth semi-structured individual interviews and group interviews. The results showed Physical-infrastructural problems, Socio-security issues and anomalies, Managerial-administrative problems, Economic instability and Legal inadequacies, Are the most important challenges and problems identified in the study area. The results also showed Among the identified themes, Legal inadequacies, it is the central theme and in a way the main circle of challenges and problems of Naysar which triggers other problems in this urban space. In total, these challenges are combined and chained, Disorder, chaos, spatial chaos, and ultimately the decay of Naysar urban space. To address the identified challenges, Operational-executive projects are presented in the form of short-term, medium-term and long-term plans as well as strike-execution strategies.

Citizenship rights form an essential part of the values of each society, therefore, the obligations of each society towards this should be radically expanded in terms of belief and morality within the general system of the society, therefore, the prediction of legal resources that safeguard the interests and rights of citizens it important. The way society reacts to crime is to a large extent related to political concepts and ideologies, and ideological foundations are crucial in determining the direction of criminal law practice, and it is effective in defining the scope of criminal law. Depending on the political system, the level of government interference in individual freedoms and private lives varies, and the increase or decrease in the scope of government interference in this area can lead to bribery or expansion of criminal offenses. The theory of a minimal government believes that people without government intervention can solve their social problems. It also does not rule out the replacement of non-payment performance guarantees; it may even be sacrificed in some cases, even more so than individual rights and freedoms. In this paper, in order to emphasize the rights and interests of citizens and their role in the process of criminal justice, the status of the guarantee of criminal law in a minimum state; effective challenges and strategies to ensure that the basic rights and freedoms of citizens are desirable, provided and guaranteed.

Early maladaptive schemas are the basis of many high-risk behaviors and psychological disorders. The objective of this study was to predict high-risk behaviors based on early maladaptive schemas among university students. The statistical population of this study included all male and female students at Sari University. The sample included 182 college students) 88 males and94 females) who were chosen via the convenience sampling method? The instruments included the Schema Questionnaire (Young, 1991) and Risk Behaviors Questionnaire (Zadeh Mohammadi & Ahmadabadi 2009). Data were analyzed through stepwise multiple regression. It showed that dependence could explain 13%of the variance of violence. Shame, perfectionism, entitlement, ment, and failure (in four steps) could explain 21% of the variance of drug abuse. In addition, shame and perfectionism (in two steps) could explain 9.3%of the variance of alcohol consumption. Moreover, dependency and emotional inhibition (in two steps) could explain 6.4% of the variance of involvement the romantic activity. According to the findings of this study considering the predictability of students’ high-risk behaviors based on some early maladaptive schemas in order to prevent the spread of high-risk behaviors, the factors affecting the formation of early maladaptive schemas among students should be considered. Also, the results, have important implications for the pathology, prediction, prevention, and treatment of high-risk behaviors among university students.

Providing and promoting the level of happiness and vitality of citizens is one of the most important pillars of quality of life in urban spaces Which in recent decades, has attracted increasing attention from experts and urban planners and Has been raised as one of the most important goals of governments and the United Nations. The purpose of this quantitative and applied study has been done using a combination of descriptive-analytical and exploratory methods, is a study and analyze the situation of Shad city and identify its determinants in small urban spaces Which has been done as a case study in Ravansar city which is part of Kermanshah province. The statistical population of the study includes 7122 heads of households and among them with Using sample size calculation methods, 364 people were estimated as a statistical sample and the samples were selected completely randomly. The main research tool for collecting field data is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. The results showed that among the three indicators of a happy city (Social, physical and economic indicators) The average of social index with the value of 3.124 was significantly higher than the average of base (number 3) and The average of two physical and economic indicators respectively with values of 2.608 and 2.587, Have been significantly lower than the baseline mean. The results of the survey showed the general condition of the city happy the average calculated with the value of 2.788 Has been significantly below average. Regarding the determinants of a happy city, the results showed Due to the four identified key factors, 61.956% of the variance of the dependent variable has been explained. These factors and the percentage of variance of their specific value in order of importance are: Physical stability (21.041), Socio-cultural sustainability (16.4), Economic Stability (13.151) and Environmental sustainability (11.356). The identified factors seem to be a subset of the macro factor "integrated and efficient urban management" and Promoting this factor, as the main source of most policies and planning, can have a significant impact on the realization of a happy city in the study area.

Due to a better understanding of the status of resilience and optimal management of distribution services, it will be essential to analysis of spatial resilience patterns and examine the spatial relationships between resilience and influencing factors, including distributive justice. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive-analytical study is to investigate distributive justice and its effect on the resilience of villages west of Lake Urmia to drought. The statistical population of the present study was all villages located within 10 km of the shore of Lake Urmia, which were selected 53 villages as a research environment and finally 380 households as the human analysis units using the Cochran's formula and by multi-stage random sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this study, the effective factors (distributive justice indices) on the resilience of the studied villages were investigated by geographic weighted regression (GWR). The results of GWR regression showed that the variables entered in the model explain 47.8% of the dependent variable. Also, the results of regression model (OLS) showed that infrastructure, trade-service and economic indicators have the greatest impact on the resilience to drought in the studied villages.