amir alambeigi

CSA is currently viewed as a sophisticated and dependable approach to advancing agriculture, particularly in regions with limited water resources. This method has experienced a growing adoption and plays a vital role in securing food supplies, boosting employment opportunities, and integrating new technologies into the agricultural domain. Given the expanding utilization of this cultivation method and the necessity for targeted research and hands-on training to facilitate its progress, this study was conducted to explore the internal environmental factors influencing the advancement of this system.

This study employed a quantitative, field-based approach and conducted interviews through a questionnaire tool. The statistical population comprised vegetable and summer crop growers of greenhouses in Tehran and Alborz provinces, totaling 2060 greenhouse units. Sampling was carried out in two stages, with a sample size of 310 units calculated using Daniel’s formula and a five percent error margin. Subsequently, 270 questionnaires were filled out in Tehran Province and 50 in Alborz Province. Following data collection, processing, and analysis were performed using SPSS25 and SmartPLS3 software.

The findings from the inferential analysis indicated that in terms of human capital, essential human requirements for progressing the CSA system are significant. These include factors such as knowledge, skills, positive attitudes, access to financial and technical resources, market knowledge, and strong motivations. The study identified implementing new management techniques, consulting scientific experts, and exchanging knowledge with international professionals as critical factors. Technical capital emerged as the second most influential element in greenhouse development, with access to modern financial software systems and smart management technologies proving crucial. Additionally, training on advanced technologies is essential to enhance productivity and management. Financial capital emerged as the third influential component, with financial challenges and capital requirements for CSA being greater than traditional farming methods, particularly for small-scale farmers. Access to bank credit, affordable inputs, insurance assistance, and financial resources are essential for development and ongoing operational costs. advices include increasing producers' understanding of agricultural economics and markets and facilitating access to appropriate technologies to enhance economic and environmental sustainability. The study also emphasized the importance of productive social capital, highlighting the significance of communication with technical supervisors and agricultural consultants. While support from established farmers to newcomers in the sector was deemed less crucial, the development of social capital was emphasized as vital for the long-term sustainability of this innovative farming approach, as the key connections within this system are still in the process of being established.

Given the novelty of the CSA system, specific attributes must be adhered to by producers and users to enable the effective development and spread of this cultivation method. Enhancing managerial expertise, technical proficiency, and specialized knowledge, as well as increasing producers' awareness and understanding of the local, national, and international market dimensions and characteristics of this system, are essential steps. Additionally, fostering and enhancing intra-group relationships among producers and establishing trade unions for these producers to cultivate social capital is crucial for the advancement and dissemination of this innovative agricultural approach. Attention to these fundamental prerequisites is recommended to support the system’s development.

In this research, we systematically reviewed the impacts of wildlife tourism on human-wildlife conflict. Our findings of the four thematic areas provided significant insights about the previous research. They indicated that “wildlife management” and “disturbance” are emerging fields of research in this domain, and more recently, themes emerged around “human-wildlife conflict,” “climate change,” and “ethnoprimatology.” Our literature showed that most of the wildlife tourism conflict involved wildlife behavior change (22.72%), crop riding (15.90%), and livestock depredation (9.09%), and few attempts have been made to explore the effects of wildlife tourism on other aspects of conflict such as attacks on human and negative attitudes towards wildlife. We provided significant insights about key areas of interest in wildlife tourism research, and it is expected that human-wildlife conflict will play a key role in generating future research on wildlife ecotourism research, which is necessary for human-wildlife coexistence.

Exploring the employability literature shows that there is little empirical evidence on the interaction of soft skills, and for this reason, it is important to investigate this issue; Because it can play a significant role in teaching and developing soft skills. In this causal correlational research, the effect of learning and communication soft skills on emotional intelligence soft skills in agricultural students was investigated. Final-year undergraduate students of all agricultural fields in public universities constituted the statistical population of this survey and quantitative research. The statistical sample of the research included 384 people who were selected using the inverse square root method and the multi-stage sampling method. The research tool was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, whose formal validity was approved by a panel of experts, as well as calculating the factor loading and the discriminant validity and divergent validity and reliability tests through the calculation of ordinal theta and composite reliability. The results of structural equation modeling showed that communication soft skills and learning soft skills have a significant effect in predicting students' emotional intelligence soft skills. This finding clarifies a part of the puzzle of the effect of soft skills on other soft skills of agricultural students. Revealing the mechanism of the effect of communication and learning soft skills on emotional intelligence soft skills, can facilitate the development of soft skills in agricultural higher education because it can provide a rational reason for focusing on a few soft skills.

Today, the population of Free ranging dogs (FRDs) is increasing all over the world, which has led to conflict between humans and dogs in urban environments. Understanding people's emotion and attitudes towards FRDs can help to solve this conflict. In recent years, the presence of FRDs has increased in the different cities of Iran, which has led to an increase in bites, fear, disturbing the comfort and health of people. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting the feeding behavior to FRDs in Jiroft city by people in Kerman province between 23 September and 22 December 2022. For this purpose, the variable of feeding and no feeding as a dependent variable and other variables such as age, sex, education level, fear, agreeing with the fact that the presence of FRDs will threaten people's safety and health, and how many of their neighbors feed FRDs were considered as an independent variable. Finally, in order to investigate these variables, we used logistic regression. Results showed that 34.5% of the respondents fed FRDs. Results indicated that people who are more afraid of FRDs are less inclined to feed them (B=-0.810, P=0.000), as well as, people who perceive FRDs as a threat to their safety and health (B=-0.473, P=0.009) are also reluctant to feed them. Also, results indicated that women are more willing to feed FRDs compared to men (B=-1.060, P=0.000). Age and education have no significant effect on people's feeding behavior. This study shows that sustainable management of FRDs ​​population and solving their conflict with people requires a deep understanding of attitude, perception, emotion and other factors.

Dogs are one of the most common invasive species, and due to their large population in the city and the creation of conflicts with humans, the management of this species is associated with problems. Obtaining a correct understanding of the native people's attitude is one of the first steps towards population management.In this study, the attitude of people living in Karaj city towards stray dogs was evaluated using a questionnaire and through face-to-face interviews for a period of three months. A total of 500 questionnaires were collected through simple random sampling. Based on the results obtained from the one-way analysis of variance test, people with different educational levels are completely similar in terms of their attitude towards stray dogs. Also, the results of the independent t-test to investigate the difference in attitude of pet owners and  people who did not have petstowards stray dogs, showed that pet owners have a more positive view towards stray dogs. The results of One Sample T-test showed considering that people believe that the presence of stray dogs reduces their well-being, they are not interested in their presence in the city. Finally, according to the findings of this research, it is recommended to take measures such as increasing information about not feeding stray dogs  in the city environment through mass communication media, communicating with people about the negative effects of dog ecology, for Attracting public support and providing effective management solutions to control their population.

Due to the critical nature of agricultural extension in poverty alleviation and increasing food security, it is necessary to pay attention to the entry and barring of new actors through the pluralistic approach in agricultural extension. One of these actors is the private sector, and the issue of service quality is of double importance in the case of this sector of agricultural technical service providers. The statistical population of this research was farmers who had the experience of using the services of consulting, technical and agricultural engineering services companies in Tehran province during the last 5 years, and finally, 201 farmers were selected from the 422 participants through random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and to determine its validity, the average value of extracted variance (AVE = 0.82) was used, and to determine the reliability of the research tool, the composite reliability value (CR = 0.95) was used. SERVQUAL model showed that the indicators of the model titled: quality of response (0.84), concreteness (0.79), guarantee (0.77), reliability (0.56), empathy (0.74), loyalty (0.65), company organization (0.65), customer service (0.55) and internal control (0.44) can be modeled. Based on this, it was found that the SERVQUAL model has the necessary credibility for measuring the quality of services provided to farmers and providing services with a higher level of quality by consulting companies for technical and agricultural engineering services.

Floods are one of the catastrophic natural disasters that have threatened human society and biodiversity throughout history. This is particularly so in coastal habitats such as the Mond Protected Area of Iran, and is one of the principal factors endangering Arabian sand gazelle in this area. The Arabian sand gazelle is considered as an independent species in Iran and The Mond Protected Area is its only habitat in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of the habitat and identify the flood-prone areas of Mand protected area. Using the maximum entropy method and MaxEnt software, a habitat suitability map was prepared. In order to study the impacts of Mond River flooding on gazelle habitats within the Mond Protected Area and provide 25 to 500-year return period flood inundation maps, a two-dimensional HEC-RAS model was developed. After mixing the flood inundation maps with the suitability map, it was determined that significant parts of the center and west sections of the study area are prone to devastating floods. Generally, in this study, we have determined by using flood zoning technique in areas that are likely to be affected by floods, which is very effective in managing floodplain areas and controlling floods to reduce flood damage to the only sand gazelle's habitat in Iran.

In recent years, birdwatching has become one of the fastest-growing forms of nature-based tourism and is often referred to as avitourism. Birdwatching has a relatively long history, but many research questions and avenues of inquiry remain unexamined. We quantitatively reviewed the literature on birdwatching using VOSviewer version 1.6.16 and the Bibliometrix package for R to assess the growth of the field over time. The results show that a total of 1371 publications have been published on the topic between 1878 and 2022. The annual growth in the number of publications was 2.59% and publications written through international collaboration constituted 20.02% of the total research output. Researchers and commentators in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada were the largest contributors. Our results showed that birdwatching, birding, and citizen science are the motor themes, which means they significantly contribute to the development of the field. Moreover, ecosystem services, cultural ecosystem services, and recreation are emerging themes that require further development. Future studies are expected to focus on fostering avitourism in developing nations through training and collaboration between local and international NGOs. Improvement of local livelihoods and grass-roots organization should be the focus of future efforts given the potential of avitourism as a source of income and incentive for wildlife conservation action.

Iran is a country that has so far registered 13 Biosphere Reserves (BRs) under UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Program (MaB). This program states that although countries have independence and flexibility in the zoning and management of biosphere reserves; however, they should achieve the triple goals of conservation, sustainable economic development and Knowledge production and education through triple zoning and the implementation of appropriate management plans. This article, citing reference sources and world experiences, has tried to identify and introduce the criteria and spatial indicators of core zoning, as one of the three main zones of BR, with the help of decision-making algorithm and mathematical linear relationships, provide a scientific and generalizable model for core zoning in all biosphere reserves of the country. This research identified 5 mandatory criteria and 6 preferred criteria based on similar researches and the Delphi method for the zoning of the core of BRs in the country, by observing the percentage of the core zone from BR in the range of 5 to 20%, the establishment of the core in representative ecosystems of the country (with Covering at least 10%), meeting the needs of the protection zone of the areas with the national title (at least 20%), zoning the core of the Dana Biosphere Reserve and to avoid arbitrary procedures, in actions similar to the decision-making algorithm and The linear relationships of the integration of the indices of each criterion and the criteria of the core zone have been presented. The core area of the Dena biosphere reserve was identified as 6 permitted spots in clusters using the 5 mandatory criteria of representativeness, virginity and naturalness, conservation species, habitat importance, sensitivity and biological vulnerability of the habitat, and the preferred criterion of integrity. The size of these spots is 26928 hectares, covering about 11% of the BR, the core spots covered 10-13% of representative ecosystems, about 26% of Dana National Park, and 20% of Western and Eastern Dana Protected Areas.

Although researches show that the formation of entrepreneurial intention is based on social and psychological capital; but linear relationships, as well as ignoring gender, may not clearly explain the formation of the mechanism of entrepreneurial intention. Based on this, the main purpose of the present study was to compare the linear and non-linear effect of social capital on the entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students with the mediation of psychological capital, which was done separately by gender for a deeper understanding. The statistical population of the research consisted of final-year undergraduate agricultural students in the public universities in the academic year 2021-2022. In this regard, 384 questionnaires, designed in a five-option Likert scale and collected by multi-stage sampling method, were analyzed using the PLS-SEM algorithm in Smart Pls4 software. The reliability and face validity of the instrument were confirmed through ordinal coefficient theta and an expert panel. The results showed that in female students, the nonlinear model of the effect of social capital on the entrepreneurial intention with the mediation of psychological capital is superior to the linear model. But in male students, the model is only linear. In addition, the results of the research revealed that the mechanism of the effect of the studied structures in male and female students is different in some ways. The results of the present research can help education officials and planners to adopt policies and practices for male and female students that will promote their entrepreneurial intentions.

Psychological empowerment is one of the interesting topics of human resource management researchers and is one of the important factors for predicting and understanding organizational behavior. This research sought to identify the factors affecting the psychological empowerment of Iranian agricultural extension Specialists and the methodology of qualitative content analysis with conventional content analysis approach. According to necessity, the method of theoretical sampling (interview with managers and Specialists of agricultural extension was 16) and the data were analyzed using MAXQDA12 software. Based on the results of the interviews analysis, A total of 83 initial codes were extracted from the interview, which were formed in four categories including: Individual and personality factors that underlie psychological empowerment (with 5 subcategories), Organizational contexts related to psychological empowerment (with 7 subcategories), Psychological empowerment structures (with 6 subcategories), Environmental factors that underlie psychological empowerment (with 4 subcategories). At the end, there were Suggestions to the psychological empowerment of agricultural extension experts. Results of this study have practical implications for managers, policymakers and human resources planners in the agricultural extension system and academic communities.

Given the rise in popularity of ecotourism, investigating its impacts on the local community is of great importance. Thus, this study aimed to analyze ecotourism’s effects on the empowerment of local communities. In this regard, based on the empowerment wheel conceptual framework (Mendoza-Ramos, 2013) a survey was conducted in Savadkuh County. The sample size was calculated to be 240 people according to Daniel's sampling formula and was accessed through the convenience-sampling method. Data were collected through a questionnaire, the validity of which was approved by a panel of experts and construct validity (AVE Index). The reliability of the questionnaire was approved by calculating Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR). The data were analyzed by SPSS22 and Smart PLS software. Besides the confirmation of indicators’ homogeneity and reliability, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that local community empowerment's measurement model had five components (i.e. psychological, environmental, political, economic, and social). In addition, results revealed that the total mean score of local people empowerment was 3.1 out of 5. The highest mean scores were for the psychological (3.35) and environmental (3.22) dimensions of empowerment, respectively. The lowest mean scores were for the political (2.89) and economic (2.96) dimensions of empowerment, respectively. The social empowerment dimension (3.10) was almost at a moderate level. Accordingly, it is recommended to improve the political and economic empowerment of Savadkuh County’s local people through participatory approaches and facilitation techniques.

Nowadays, the significance of launching startups in the field of agriculture is more evident than ever. In order to achieve this important purpose, it is essential to provide an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Therefore, given the lack of experience in Iran’s agriculture sector of Iran for creating such ecosystems, it is necessary to build on the experiences of pioneering entrepreneurial sectors and identify the components of agricultural startup ecosystems. The present research was conducted with the purpose of designing a model for entrepreneurial ecosystem growth for Iran’s agricultural higher education system.

This study is considered a field research in terms of data collection, non-experimental research in terms of variable control, applied research in terms of purpose, and exploratory sequential mixed method research (in-depth interviews along with surveys) in terms of methodology. In the qualitative part of the study, we identified the constructs of the six components of Isenberg’s entrepreneurial ecosystem model, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 15 startup activists in Iran. In the quantitative part, these constructs were monitored. The statistical population of the quantitative part of the study consisted of 1800 startup experts in Iran. Using the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined to comprise 286 individuals. In order to assess the validity of the research tool (questionnaire), the divergent validity method was used, the value of which for the research constructs was above 0.5 ≤ AVE and acceptable. To determine reliability, the composite reliability method was utilized, the value of which for the research constructs was above 0.6 ≤ CR and acceptable. In order to process the data, we used the principal component analysis method and hierarchical component models, utilizing the Smart-PLS software.

According to the findings, five factors were identified for the policy component which are: strengthening the private sector, appointing a trustee for the ecosystem, supporting productive entrepreneurship, balanced development in the country, and government investment in the ecosystem. For the culture component, the factors of attention to entrepreneurial success stories, developing entrepreneurial culture and promoting entrepreneurial thinking were identified. For the component of support, the factors of attention to the role of advisors, providing the physical space, providing the legal infrastructure, and the role of professional organizations supporting entrepreneurship were identified. For the market component, the factors of networking, providing a competitive platform, and attention to the political status of the country’s market were identified. For the human capital component, the factors of business skills training ecosystem, reviewing the higher education structure, manpower training, encouraging the professors to become entrepreneurs, and target-based budgeting in universities were identified. For the financial capital component, the factors of access to financial resources and timely financial injections were identified. Moreover, the ranking of entrepreneurial ecosystem growth components in the context of agricultural higher education system in Iran were as follows: the component of human capital was in the first place, followed by the components of culture, support, market, policy, and financial capital.

  From the perspective of startup activists in Iran, the human capital factor has the highest level of importance in entrepreneurial ecosystem growth in agricultural higher education system of the country; therefore, it is recommended that Iran’s agricultural higher education system should fulfill this essential role through development of a strategic planning committee responsible for creating and revising the syllabi for university courses and adopting practice-based learning techniques in higher education institutions to further promote the human capital factor.

One of the sustainability challenges is the gap between sustainability guidelines and action-based decision-making by the target communities. Farmers' behavior as a decision-maker is also a factor influencing the future of sustainability. Interdisciplinary approaches such as human-environmental systems are effective for sustainable management and solving the challenges of sustainability. For this purpose, this study was conducted to investigate the sustainable behavior of agricultural stakeholders and evaluate the separation of behavioral antecedent levels of capability based on sustainability indicators in the form of five capitals and individual characteristics of farmers. The statistical population of this study included 5024 agricultural stakeholders of Ghalehgang County, of which 389 people were selected as a sample by stratified sampling method with appropriate proportion, and two behavioral antecedents of perceived usefulness and perceived compatibility were measured. The research tool was a questionnaire and its validity and reliability were assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis using Lisrel 8.80 software. The statistical method for distinguishing and predicting the status of behavioral antecedents was binary logistic regression using SPSS 25 software. The overall result of the research shows that physical stability indicators are an important variable in predicting the behavior of users. It also turned out that the residence location is effective in predicting behavior. Regarding the individuals' perceived usefulness component, human indicators and the type of water source are significant, while for the perceived compatibility component, social indicators and the type of agricultural activity have a more significant predictive effect.

Generally, one of the important factors affecting development of controlled environment agriculture, is related to external environment factors which are out of the control of producer’s individual management. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of effective external environment on development of CEA in Tehran and Alborz provinces (N=74). The data gathering tool of the research was a researcher-designed questionnaire, its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (0.797- 0.916). The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares method (PlS-SEM) with smart PLS software. The findings showed that all dimensions of external environment affect CEA development with 99% confidence. Also, according to the beta standard values, it can be said that the three structures items including supporting system, structures and procedures, and business situation have the highest effects and the other two items including policies and laws and financial and managerial facilities have the lowest effects on CEA development, respectively.

The aim of this study was to explain the structural relationships between the components of essential soft skills in agricultural students (9 soft skills). In this regard, to achieve the aim of the study, the fuzzy DEMATEL technique was used. The views of 11 academic experts were collected through a questionnaire, based on the Likert scale. The results showed that communication skills, learning skills, and leadership skills are the most effective components, respectively. Also, findings indicated that the adaptability skills component is the most influential component. The results also show that five components (communication skills, emotional intelligence skills, leadership skills, learning skills, ethical skills) are causal factors and four components (problem-solving and decision-making skills, time management skills, teamwork skills, adaptability skills) Are effect factors. Thus, in higher agricultural education, while paying attention to the development of all essential soft skills, more focus and investment should be made on the development of communication skills, learning skills, and leadership skills, respectively.

 Agricultural cooperatives are mainly considered as key actors in the food supply chain. Although these actors can play a role in the formation of cooperative relationships in different stages of the food supply chain, they lack a comprehensive pattern for mapping cooperation. Accordingly, the current study seeks to provide a model for the collaboration of livestock production cooperatives across the food supply chain.

This qualitative study was conducted using classic grounded theory. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 32 experts and cooperatives' managing directors. Snowball and theoretical sampling techniques were used to select participants. In order to facilitate data collection and analysis, a five-step process was performed using Glaser's 6Cs coding family.

The results showed that the formation of a collaboration triangle among cooperatives, members, and the union, based on the contract approach, directs the activities of the cooperatives across the supply chain. This collaboration triangle is facilitated or restricted by various factors, such as trust-based action. Overall, the collaboration structure of cooperatives has a potential context, and in order to provide a real model of this cooperation, it is necessary to implement the principles of cooperation agreements at three levels of production, management, and marketing and market in such a way that the capacities of cooperatives and the needs of the market are taken into account. In the meantime, transparency and formalization of the capacity-need model seem inevitable.

Desertification has been considered as a serious threat to arid, semi-arid and even semi-humid climate in recent decades and it is a major obstacle to sustainable global development, so monitoring its changes is urgent. Using remote sensing and GIS is one of the cost-effective, often free and accessible method to monitor changes in these areas. In this study, change vector analysis method was used for evaluation and analysis of desertification change in a part of Ghalehganj county in south of Kerman province. For this purpose, Landsat 8 image bands in two time periods of 2014 (first period) and 2020 period (second period) for March and April was used in Google Earth Engine. Image pre-processing were applied and averaging was done separately for both periods which was followed by calculation of EVI and BSI indices. For the next step, using these two indicators and the change vector analysis method in the GIS software, the magnitude and direction of desertification change trends were determined. The results of the present research indicated the dominance of the reclamation process in the region during the years studied and the overall results indicate that development of cultivated lands and land use change have the greatest impact on monitoring indicators and desertification trends in the region. Thus, degradation of lands around residential areas are witnessed and on the other hand, there is a significant relationship between agricultural activities and rehabilitation areas in the region.

The importance of paying attention to sustainable development and biosafety in areas that effected by an environmental disaster such as dust storms has increased the need for new methods to find coping strategies. For this purpose, cross-structural analysis is an effective tool for studying system behavior. Based on the results of structural analysis and future study approaches, stability strategies can be proposed in the affected area by high-risk dust. The method of the research is according to the applied and future study approach. The sample population of this research was composed of 22 experts and managers in the field of agriculture and dust. Based on collecting data through expert interview and brainstorming method, the effective drivers were identified. According to the opinion of experts, the final drivers were extracted as a 26 × 26 matrix. Then, the cross-impact matrix was scored by experts. To determine the key drivers affecting the resilience of farming communities affected by dust in Ahvaz County, the future research approach was performed using MICMAC software in three groups of economic, social, and natural-physical components and 26 indicators. Research variables were divided into three categories »key, Independent and Regulative« based on the degree of relationship between influence and dependence. Key drivers include »Change of Quality and Quantity of Agricultural Products, Income Risk, Unemployment and Poverty Rise, Access to Financial Credits, Alternative livelihood and Immigration«. The results showed that the system of this study is unstable and in order to make management decisions and increase sustainability, it is necessary to develop strategies based on key drivers affecting farmer’s resilience.

Nowadays, the most important feature of entrepreneurship behavior is known as the form of intellectual architecture named effectuation. In this regard, current empirical research attempts to use a machine algorithm to classify the levels of effectuation thinking among rural small business owners in the field of local poultry breeding in Sistan and Baluchestan province. To this end, 191 units out of 360 were sampled and studied. The main objective of this research was to find a combination of different demographic and behavioral variables/components of entrepreneurial ecosystems affecting the classification level of effectuation among rural business owners. The research tool for measuring the research variables was a standard questionnaire that its validity and reliability were tested and confirmed. The main method of data analysis was Naive Bayes algorithm of the machine learning which was implemented using R software. The results of the classification of effectuation as the main indicator of entrepreneurial thinking showed that the variables, including prior experience, focusing on poultry breeding as the main job, capacity of the production unit, access to cooperation and market network, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, motivation, innovation in the market, human capital, and financial capital at their high levels resulted in high level of effectuation thinking. Therefore, it can be concluded that a combination of behavioral and demographic variables as well as ecosystem components can capture the entrepreneurial behavior . Based on research findings, some suggestions were proposed to develop the supportive climate of rural nascent entrepreneurs.

Lack of attention to the components of the organization can affect the success of e-businesses due to this fact that the organization as one of the most important elements of the business model is very important to determine the level of cooperation, use of technologies and determine the short-term and long-term plans. The aim of this study was to identify the organizational components of the e-business model in Moghan Plain. Accordingly, all experts of the Jihad agricultural organizations as well as the experts of extension services centers were studied by complete enumeration method (80 people) in different counties including Germi, Bile-Savar, and Pars Abad. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire that its face validity was confirmed using the views of academic experts and its reliability was confirmed as a pre-test by calculating Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using second-order factor analysis technique. The organizational dimension of e-business was considered in the form of three constructs of structural flexibility, operational flexibility, and strategic flexibility. The results showed that the strategic flexibility was considered by experts as the most important structure. Generally, the results of this study suggested that the businesses need a short-term plan to advance the cooperation processes and solve their problems, on the other hand, they also need a long-term plan to be able to act with a contingency approach in the facing of the problems and react quickly and accurately to solving the problems.

The purpose of this research was to identifying and prioritising key stakeholders in designing an environmental management system in crops units of governmental agro-industry companies in Iran, by using exploratory research design. After doing the literature review, main themes of environmental management system (DemingCycle) were identified and extracted by applying analytical-comparative method. In qualitative phase, by using non probability sampling technique (snowball) and semi-structured interviewing with 18 executive managers of governmental agro-industry companies, desirable indicators of design theme were extracted and the first step of stakeholders' analysis (identification of stakeholders) was completed. Accordingly, components of design theme were categorized in 13 indicators by using MAXQDA software: barriers, policy-making and planning, identifying key actors, institutional requirements, cooperation, inter-organizational interaction and communication, attention to environmental implications, market interventions, public education, Supportive factors, facilitators, infrastructures development, information technology (IT) development and research and development (R&D). In quantitative phase, stakeholders' analysis questionnaire was used for identifying 15 stakeholders' interest and power in 13 extracted indicators (based on Friedman model). In order to prioritizing and creating stakeholders' matrix, UCINET software (for creating Social networks and correspondence analysis) and SPSS software (for creating IPMA Matrix) were used. The results indicated that the five key Stakeholders: company's CEO, holding CEO, environment unit, agriculture deputy and industrial and environmental protection unit were the most powerful and interested among other stakeholders.

Water deficit caused by climate change due to the extent and magnitude of the social and economic damages it causes, is one of the most dangerous natural disasters that causes irreparable damage to the agricultural and water resources of the country. In other words, it has devastating effects on the productive, economic, social and environmental sectors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the components of resilience and present a model of resilience of the local community in the face of climate change. The statistical population of the study consisted of rural community of Nodushan watershed which was used for sample size of Cochran formula and 100 people were surveyed based on a researcher-made questionnaire. The Resilience Component Analysis Questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS25 and LISREL8.8 software. To investigate the fit of the resilience component measurement model, the data was analyzed used LISREL software. The results showed that among the resiliency indices, the indicators of "local networks" and "financial and infrastructure" with 91 percent and 84 percent path coefficients were better than other indices, respectively. "Compatible management status" and "risk-taking" with 10 percent and 8 percent path coefficients, respectively, are not appropriate. Also, results showed that the goodness-of-fit indices had values and confirmed the resilience dimension measurement model with the data. Therefore, it can be acknowledged that the results of this study can in actions and can be effective in promoting and adopting climate change crisis mitigation mechanisms to create resilience in the local community.

Forest natural attractions provide great potential for attracting tourists. The ecotourism recreational planning is necessary to prevent forest degradation and alleviate the pressure of forest-dweller communities on forest areas. It has a significant role in enhancing the cultural, social, and economic aspects of society as well as the protection of natural resources to achieve sustainable development. To achieve correct planning, it is necessary to assess the ecological capability of forest areas, align with the socio-economic capability to develop an accurate model. This study aimed to design an ecotourism environmental model for Hyrcanian forests located in the north of Iran. To develop the model, a set of ecological and socio-economic criteria along with relevant sub-criteria were identified through the literature review, then a questionnaire was designed to priority the set of criteria and sub-criteria based on the expert’s opinions. The entropy technique has been used to priority criteria, and fuzzy logic approach along with expert experiences applied to classify the sub-criteria. The results showed that 7 ecological criteria, 7 socio-economic criteria, 40 ecological sub-criteria, and 44 socio-economic sub-criteria, were effective on ecotourism based on expert’s opinions. The most important ecological and socio-economic criteria were water resources, vegetation, tourist attractions, and human historical and cultural aspects of forests, respectively, which the geological criteria were the less important criteria amongst others. Thus, the ecotourism environmental model was developed by a combination of the ecological capability model and socio-economic capability model for Hyrcanian forests.

This research was conducted in a mixed method, in order to promote the positive organizational behaviors of agricultural extension experts through psychological empowerment. In the qualitative section, interviews were conducted with 16 experts of agricultural extension, using purposive sampling method. By analyzing the content of the interviews, using MAXQDA12 software, indices of psychological empowerment including Meaning, Competency, Impact, Choice, Trust and positive organizational behaviors including sharing job experience behavior, Innovative career behavior, behavior related to maintenance and development of professional values, behavior of improving quality of agricultural extension Services, behavior of improving agricultural extension agility, and behavior of improving Public trust in agricultural extension  were derived in the form of a conceptual model. In the quantitative section, the statistical population of the study consisted of experts of agricultural extension in the whole country in 1397, among which 192 experts of agricultural extension were selected by stratified sampling method. The data collection instrument was a researcher's developed questionnaire of psychological empowerment and positive organizational behaviors. Finally, data analysis was done by SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results showed that psychological empowerment has role in promoting positive organizational behaviors. In general, the psychological empowerment explains 48.8% of the changes in positive organizational behavior of agricultural extension experts. The value of Q2 was 0.180 for positive organizational behavior construct, which supports the suitability of prediction model for the endogenous structure of positive organizational behavior of agricultural extension experts.