farhad fatehi

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-long neurological disease. This study reviews the literature on the vocational rehabilitation (VR) of people who experience SCI.   

MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Science Direct databases were searched. The inclusion criteria of the articles included the following: describing adults with SCI only, the English or Persian language, and involving people of workforce age. Conference abstracts, case studies, and editorials were excluded.   

The eligibility of 186 full-text articles was assessed, and 124 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on barriers and facilitators for work in people with SCI.  

There are no current services and programs in Iran that support post-injury employment of people with SCI, and therefore, there remains a need for studies addressing employment in this population.

Telemedicine or remote medicine refers to provision of medical services using information and communication technology, where the provider and recipient of the health service are geographically far from each other. In this study, the clinical, ethical, legal, as well as security and confidentiality aspects of health information in telemedicine have been discussed.

The present article is a narrative review paper that has been prepared based on the authors' experiences and a review of relevant literature.

Physician training on patient safety in telemedicine, preparing patients to accept this kind of technology, and building medical equipment related to remote clinical examinations are very important issues that must be addressed for the successful implementation of telemedicine. Creating medical information infrastructure, including legal infrastructure and obtaining necessary licenses and obligations, can provide a suitable platform for legal and ethical issues in telemedicine and play a significant role in its successful implementation and increased acceptance.

Telemedicine is proposed as a potent solution for improving healthcare access in remote regions, reducing expenses, and addressing challenges related to patient travel. To promote adoption of telemedicine, it is crucial to focus on creating well-defined regulations, implementing quality control systems, fostering interactive platforms, considering ethical and legal aspects, providing comprehensive training, and formulating policies to facilitate the integration of telemedicine services.

Social media platforms provide easy access to an unprecedented volume of information which could influence the awareness and perception of people during public health crises. The current study aims to explore the trends and content of the posts on Instagram.

We performed a retrospective content analysis of available public messages posted on Instagram. We collected data between 23 January 2020 and 25 March 2020. The inclusion criteria included an Instagram post with a hashtag related to Coronavirus (i.e. # “Corona” and # “Coronavirus”, in the Persian language). Persian hashtags were used for retrieving posts. All posts were categorized into seven categories. We performed descriptive statistics with Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS version 26.

A total of 4280 posts were extracted, out of which 1281 were categorized into seven main categories including News (n=205, 26.7%), Criticism (n=136, 17.7%), Education (n=112, 14.6%), Coronavirus’s impact on the healthcare system (n=100, 13%), Combating Coronavirus (n=98, 12.8%), Coronavirus’s impact on society (n=89, 11.6%), Joke (n=28, 3.6%).

Our findings revealed that the trend of posts on social media was influenced by factors such as the nature of the information sources as well as social and political occasions. This study provides insight into health dissemination on social media for future responses to public health crises.

The emergency department is amongst the most important parts of the hospital, which has a great impact on the performance of other departments. In this regard, Emergency Department Information System (EDIS) plays a vital role in providing effective and appropriate healthcare services.

To evaluate the user-perceived usability of admission and discharge sections of the Emergency Department Information System of Shohada-e-Tajrish Educational Hospital, the study is carried out utilizing SUS and PSSUQ scales. Research participants include all users in the admission and discharge sections of the emergency department of the Hospital.

The mean score of the system usability based on the results of the SUS scale was 49.62±23.23, which is lower than the acceptable level (score above 68). The results generated by the PSSUQ tool revealed that the information quality (4.79), interface quality (4.91), and system usefulness (4.42) of admission and discharge sections of the EDIS do not have appropriate scores and need to be improved in this regard. . The worst usability score was related to system usefulness There was no statistically significant correlation between the age of participants and usability scores. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the user-perceived usability and the education level of participants (p>0.05).

The study revealed that users are not satisfied with system usability. In the event that the usability of the system is suboptimal, the user fails to effectively utilize the system, thereby impeding the attainment of the intended ultimate objective for which the system has been designed. Regarding the importance of admission and discharge sections in the EDIS, strides need to be made to improve the usability of the system which is used at the emergency department of Shohada-e-Tajrish educational hospital.

Medical Informatics, an emerging multidisciplinary field at the intersection of medicine, technology, and information sciences, is believed to significantly impact health and medical practice.

Swallowing disorder is a common and constant problem in people with Down Syndrome. In experimental method electromyography can be used to evaluate Mastication . The aim of this study was to evaluate the electromyography of the masseter and temporal muscles during Mastication in 2 to 12 years old children with Down syndrome in Arak.

This is a descriptive-analytical and case-control study, that conducted with the purpose of electromyographic study of masseter and temporal muscles during Mastication  on 15 children from available 2 to 12 years old Down Syndrome and 15 children that were matched according the method of person-to-person matching in terms of age and gender with samples with Down syndrome.

 In this study, conscious consent was obtained from all parents and no physical harm was inflicted on individuals.

About the comparison of the mean of amplitude (intensity) of electrical signal of muscle between two groups except right temporal muscle during Mastication  and about the mean of the mean frequency when Mastication  except for left temporal muscle, in other cases the difference was significant. In the case of comparing the median frequency of the electrical signal of the muscle in most muscles the difference was not significant.

 Mean amplitude (intensity) and frequency of the mean electrical signal of the muscle when chewing in most muscles was different between the two groups with Down syndrome and normal, but the differences in mean median frequency in most muscles were insignificant.

One of the characteristics of a healthy person is having a good level of spiritual health that can be influenced by different factors. The present study aimed to describe the spiritual health of young and middle-aged men and women and to examine the relationship between the core discussion network and some demographic variables with spiritual health.

The present study was performed using the survey method, in which 400 men and women aged 18-65 years living in Shiraz were selected as a statistical sample by multistage random sampling. The research tool was a questionnaire that included three sections: demographic questions, questions related to the core discussion network, and questions related to spiritual health. The questioning process lasted a month and a half and the data were analyzed using mean and percentage statistics and independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and linear regression.

The spiritual health of most respondents was moderate. The highest number of ties of respondents was in the group of friends and Indoor people. Inferential tests showed that the level of the spiritual health of women, middle-aged people, married people, and people who considered themselves to belong to the upper class of society was higher than others. The core discussion network significantly predicted spiritual health in two dimensions: Indoor people and close family members.

All people aged 18-65 years had a level of spiritual health, but due to its important role in particular and its impact on other aspects of health, efforts should be made to increase this level. Some demographic factors as well as the core discussion network can increase this level. Therefore, efforts should be made to increase the strength of social ties.

Diabetes is one of the most serious health challenges of the 21st century. The number of adults with diabetes has roughly tripled in the last 20 years. The increased burden of chronic diseases and scarce health resources compel healthcare systems to make modern patients more self-sufficient by requiring them to play a more active part in the treatment and management of their disease. Tele-home-care is a method of distance intervention through the transmission of electronic data for follow-up, education, prevention, clinical decision-making, and treatment modulation that has a high potential for the population with diabetes. Previous studies have not systematically evaluated the effects of different features of long-distance caregiving on diabetes at different stages of disease severity.

The present study describes a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis for summarizing the evidence comparing telehomecare interventions on diabetes management and its complications.

PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane databases, HTA (Health Technology Assessment), NHS EED (NHS Economic Evaluation Database), DARE (Database of Abstract of  Reviews of Effects), Embase, and SID will be searched using medical subject heading (MeSH) keywords. Controlled clinical trials in patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes will be selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in studies will be checked using the JADAD score. The mean difference and its standard deviation will be calculated to be used as effect size. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool the results. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression will be conducted to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity.

The systematic review and meta-analysis provided by the results of a systematic review can be useful to endocrinologists, physicians, public health policymakers, and the general population.

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic illustrated the significance of using telemedicine for medical services to minimize the risk of infection more than ever. The implementation of telemedicine in the realm ofeye expertise (teleophthalmology) has made it possible for both ophthalmic patients and COVID-19 positive cases to be taken care of in different ways of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. This study aimed todiscuss the ophthalmology challenges during the COVID-19 outbreak based on existing evidence, followed by proposing somesolutions for utilizing telemedicine.

The American Medical Association has introduced the newest medical subspecialty field known as "Clinical Informatics" since 2011. In order to present similar courses in Iran, it is necessary to design and evaluate a training program. The comparison of educational systems improves the content and quality of design of an educational program. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and compare the clinical informatics curriculum in several top universities in the world.

The present study was an applied one conducted in 2019. The tool used in this study was a researcher-made checklist that was designed based on reviewing the texts and opinions of experts in group discussion sessions. Its validity was confirmed by seven experts in medical informatics, clinical specialties, and medical education and its reliability was confirmed using the equivalence method. The data were collected by referring to the university websites to complete the study checklist.

In most of the studied universities, the clinical informatics fellowship course was implemented according to ACGME standards and the main content of this course included four main topics: principles and concepts, clinical decision-making and improving the care process, health information systems, and guiding and managing change.

The similarities were mostly related to the duration of the course and the opportunity to conduct relevant researches in the field of clinical informatics. Most of the differences were also related to the opportunity to teach clinical informatics and learnerschr('39') participation in holding a journal club during the course.

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a substantial impetus for the rapid expansion of digital health services worldwide. With the rule of social distancing and quarantine following the outbreak of Coronavirus infection in many countries, special attention has been made to telecardiology as one of the best alternatives to traditional in-person cardiac care. The imposition of unprecedented restrictions on close encounters in almost all sectors, including health care necessitated the expansion of telemedicine and digital health in cardiology services (telecardiology). This paper highlights the benefits and potential risks of the rapid adoption of telecardiology and other digital health solutions for the management of patients with chronic cardiac conditions such as heart failure.

Strawberry is one of the native and small fruits of moderate regions, which its cultivation  has been increased in all over the world including Iran. Due to the abundance of vitamin C and mineral materials, it is very useful for some diseaseses. Lack of the knowledge in production management, harvesting, cooling, transportion, storage, marketing and processing equipments and connection between these different parts are the main problems throgh industrial production of strawberry fruit (Salami et al., 2010). According to the various studies, the parameters such as color, shape, size and mass are not sufficient for the consumer to purchase the fruit (Abbot, 1991). They would like to have more information about the fruit which is supposed to be purchased (Voca et al., 2008). Several researchers have been investigated physical and chemical properties of different varieties of strawberry fruit (Wojdylo et al., 2009; Salamat, 2011; Nemzer et al., 2018). According to the litrature, any international standard classification for Parus strawberry (which is mostly cultivated in Iran) based on physical and chemical was not found. In this study, some physical, mechanical and chemical properties of strawberry fruit Parus variety, as well as the relationship between them, were investigated. The classification was performed based on the appearance features including color and size with the opinion of the expert in six classes.

In Kurdistan province strawberry fruit is often grown in open area and cultivated areas of Parus variety due to many reasons are increasing. To classify the strawberries, six classes were considered. Physical and mechanical properties such as dimensions, density, porosity, stiffness and biological yield point were measured at least at five replications. The porosity of the strawberries was also calculated through the division of the difference between actual and apparent density to actual density. Also, the stiffness and biological yield point were measured using Universal Instron Testing Machine (Zwick/Roll). Chemical properties of Parus strawberry including vitamin C, acidity, total soluble solids and flavor index were investigated at five replications.

The analysis of variance showed that all chemical properties including ascorbic acid, acidity, total soluble solids, and flavor index, were strongly influenced by the class. The LSD mean comparison showed that the highest levels of vitamin C were related to the ripe fruits which had a direct relationship with fruit size. The acidity values between the classes varied from 0.55 to 1.08, and the lowest value was related to the first, second and third classes, respectively. The total soluble solid material (TSS) was affected by some factors: sugar (as main part), organic acid and organic pectins and was increased by growing strawberries and increasing the amount of sugar. For the first, second and third  classes, TSS was higher than those of the fourth, fifth and sixth clases. The flavor index value for the lower classes (first, second and third) is higher than the higher classes (almost 2 times). The analysis of variance for all physical and mechanical properties indicated that all parameters are affected by the classes. Due to its more soluble materials, the maximum value for actual density was related to the third and second classes, respectively. The apparent density of agricultural products depends on various factors such as geometric shape, size, surface properties, moisture content and measurement method. The apparent density for the first and fourth classes were 561.743 and 498.408 gr.mm-3, respectively. The maximum and minimum value of stiffness was related to first (about 5.2 N.mm-2) and fourth (about 28.2 N.mm-2), respectively. For biological yield the maximumvalue was related to the fourth class, as well.

In this study, the classification of strawberry, variety of Parus was investigated based on physical, mechanical and chemical properties. All properties were affected by changing the classes. The results of this research can be used to design and construct post-harvest and sorting mechanisms of agricultural products which require comprehensive information about physical, mechanical, chemical properties.

The popularity of mobile phone applications (Apps) and wearable devices for medical and health purposes is on the rise, but not all the mobile health (mHealth) innovative solutions that hit the news every day will sustain and have an impact on the health of people. The aim of this news-based horizon scanning study was to explore and identify new and emerging mobile technologies that are likely to impact the future of health and medical care.

We conducted a systematic search on top ranking technology websites, according to Alexa Ranking, to identify health-related mobile-based technologies. We followed the EuroScan guide for horizon scanning, which recommends four steps: identification, filtering, prioritization, evaluation and conclusion. Technologies of interest were mHealth technologies regardless of their maturity level. The impact of technologies was assessed and scored in four areas: user, technology, safety, and cost.

Five hundred news articles were identified through the electronic search. After screening, 106 mHealth innovative technologies were included in this study. We categorized the included technologies into three groups: mobile apps (n=37), smart-connected devices (n=19), and wearables (n=50). mHealth technologies were most frequently developed for preventive health services, mental health services and rehabilitation services. There was no remarkable difference between the technology groups in terms of safety and adverse effects, but the groups were significantly different in terms of the target population, technology, and cost.

An increasing number of solutions based on mobile technology is being developed by both public and private sectors but a low proportion of them undergo proper scientific evaluations. Despite the commercial availability of many innovative mobile apps, wearables, and smart connected devices, few of them have been actually used in clinics, hospitals, and health centers. There is a clear need for changes in healthcare service models to unlock the full potential of these innovative technologies.

Iran is a country with a high rate of natural disasters like earthquake. The environmental conditions slow down the delivery of health services, especially in the event of disasters. The modern technologies such as telemedicine are appropriate for facilitating disaster relief operations after an earthquake. This study aimed to develop a model for the implementation of telemedicine in an earthquake. The study was carried out using a mixed-methods research in three phases: 1. review of the literature; 2. qualitative study (modeling); and 3. Delphi method (validation of the model). Databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were searched from 1990 to 2019 with the keywords of “telemedicine” AND “disaster” OR “emergency” AND “earthquake”. After screening of the retrieved records, 13 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review study. Ten experts extracted all key elements of telemedicine in the disaster from the articles and categorized them in 6 themes with 38 subthemes. The model of telemedicine in the earthquake was finalized with 2 rounds of Delphi with groups of selected volunteer experts.  In the first phase of the study, 6 key themes (telecommunication infrastructure, technical infrastructure, financial infrastructure, health infrastructure, organizational infrastructure, social infrastructure, and cultural infrastructure) with 38 subthemes of telemedicine for implementing in the disaster were obtained. At the conclusion of the third phase of the study, 6 key themes with 33 subthemes contributed to the model of telemedicine in the earthquake. Telecommunication infrastructure with a maximum score of 9.24 earned the priority, and social and cultural infrastructure themes with the minimum score of 7.53 came in the end. The model derived from this study can be used as an applied telemedicine model in an earthquake. We suggest that the results of this study be implemented as a theoretical model, or in a pilot study in a region of the country, and to be evaluated by regarding mortality reduction. We also recommend that a comparative study for using telemedicine in other types of disasters be undertaken.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine how to do parenting role's tasks as parents of healthy and disabled children younger than 7 years old in Iran (Arak).
Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the parenting role tasks questionnaire was completed for 120 parents of healthy children and 120 parents of disabled children with at least one child with disability and the parents were selected by convenience sampling method. T-test, Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variances was used to compare the scores between parents of healthy and disabled children based on studied variables including child age, parent age, child gender, parent education, family economic status, history of trauma and seizure in children was applied to perform the role of parents.
There was a significant difference of parent role in both groups of parents. There was observed a significant relationship between role of healthy children's parents and age of child (r=0.21, P=0.016), but not observed in disabled children's parents. In healthy children, there was no significant correlation between parent's role and maternal age. In contrast, in disabled children, there was found a significant difference (P= 0.04) with correlation coefficient of -0.18 representing the inverse relationship. Moreover, no relationship was found between history of seizure and performance of parenting role's tasks in the group of disabled children (P>0.05).
ConclusionThe performance of tasks of parenting role in two groups of parents of healthy children and disabled ones in four areas of primary care, education, leisure and improving cognitive level had significant difference. This difference in the area of improving the cognitive level was higher. Due to complications of disability, parents of these children pay more attention to other areas of care except of improving cognitive level. Therefore presence of disabled child has negative effect on the balance of the performance of tasks of parenting role in various areas.

Background and Sleep disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP) are complex and challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate sleep disorders in children with CP based on gross motor function levels.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 76 children with CP (aged 6 to 15 years old) attending rehabilitation centers in Arak, Iran 2016. The participants were recruited by convenience sampling. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) was applied. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.18 using descriptive statistics, T-test, and Chi-square test.
There were no significant differences between sleep disorders and sex and types of CP (P>0.05). But, a significant difference was found between sleep disorders and gross motor function levels (P The results showed that severe level of gross motor disability (the severity of motor impairment) is related to sleep disorders in children with CP. more training is suggested for children with CP and their caregivers for improving their sleep function.

With regards to importance of the role of parents in children's life, imbalance in the roles of parents can lead to serious mental, emotional and physical damages of the child. The purpose of this study was to determine how to do parenting role's tasks in parents of children with disability (physical- mental) younger than 7 years in the city of Arak in 2016.
In this study, the parenting role's tasks questionnaire for 120 parents of children with disability was completed. The effect of demographic characteristics on how to perform the role of parents was studied.
Based on data collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient for the relationship between the parents and other factors, we have found no significant relationship between role of parents with the child's age. In disabled children, between parent's role and maternal age was significant difference which its correlation coefficient was -0.18, represented the inverse association between maternal age and the parent's role with disabled children. In comparison of parent's role based on child's gender, significant difference was not seen in any of cases. The impact of the seizure on performance of parenting role's tasks implied no relationship between history of seizure and performance of parenting role's tasks. Economic situation as well as on how to do tasks was ineffective.
Imbalance in performance of parenting role's tasks in primary care, education, leisure and cognition promotion showed that existence of a disabled child in the family had negative impact on the parenting role's tasks in different aspects, for example further focus on one of the domains lead to ignorance of other domains. Total score confirmed the negative impact of disabled children on efficient implementation of parenting role's tasks.

One of the problems in children with cerebral palsy is impaired eating and drinking liquids. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of oral motor stimulations on feeding function in the children with spastic cerebral palsy by two medical and family centered approaches.
This research was a descriptive-analytical cross sectional study that performed on 40 children 2-8 year olds with spastic Cerebral Palsy from the rehabilitation clinics in the city of Arak. They were selected by simple and purposeful sampling. Applied instruments were Gross Motor Measure Function Classification System Expanded & Revised (GMFCS E&R) and oral motor assessment scale(OMAS). Data were analyzed by statistical tests such as: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, reporting mean, standard deviation, data analysis frequncy distribution table, independent t-test, dependent t-test, chi-square and MANOVA.
The difference of swallowing function assessed by OMAS in both groups managed by family centered and clinician centered approach prior and post management statistialy was meaningful (p=0.001(. The difference between swallowing function of both groups post intervention was not meaningful in view of first and second assessor, also it had no statistical significance(p=0.89 , p=0.07)
In general, we can conclude that oral motor stimulation is effective on swallowing function of cerebral palsy children in both treated groups. The effect of these stimulations on swallowing function in children with cerebral palsy between clinician centered and family centered approaches was equal.

The speech disorders may produce irreparable damage to childs speech and language development in the psychosocial view. The voice, speech sound production and fluency disorders are speech disorders, that may result from delay or impairment in speech motor control mechanism, central neuron system disorders, improper language stimulation or voice abuse.
This study examined the prevalence of speech disorders in 1393 Arakian students at 1 to 6th grades of primary school. After collecting continuous speech samples, picture description, passage reading and phonetic test, we recorded the pathological signs of stuttering, articulation disorder and voice disorders in a special sheet.
The prevalence of articulation, voice and stuttering disorders was 8%, 3.5% and%1 and the prevalence of speech disorders was 11.9%. The prevalence of speech disorders was decreasing with increasing of student’s grade. 12.2% of boy students and 11.7% of girl students of primary school in Arak had speech disorders.
The prevalence of speech disorders of primary school students in Arak is similar to the prevalence of speech disorders in Kermanshah, but the prevalence of speech disorders in this research is smaller than many similar researches in Iran. It seems that racial and cultural diversity has some effect on increasing the prevalence of speech disorders in Arak city.

Chitosan compounds have been shown to be suitable bone replacement materials. To evaluate the accelerating effects of chitosan on the bone regeneration process and assessing its histopathological adverse effects, we conducted this study on rat tibias. In a laboratory experimental study, micro‑drilled bone defects were created in the upper tibia of each leg in 15 adult male rats. The defect in the right leg, filled by the chitosan powder, was compared with the untreated defect in the left leg in each rat at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery. Bone repair and inflammation in each specimen was blindly graded by a pathologist. Reaction to the foreign body and the amount of the remaining chitosan were studied in chitosan‑treated specimens at the three stages of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and kappa test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Bone repair was significantly faster in the chitosan group, 1 week (P = 0.01) and 4 weeks (P = 0.038) after surgery, while the difference was not significant at the 2‑week stage (P = 0.197) between chitosan and control groups. Chitosan‑induced inflammation was not significant in any stage of the study. Reaction to the foreign body was seen in one case at 2 weeks and one case at 4 weeks postoperation. Chitosan significantly accelerated the bone regeneration process in rat tibias. Regarding its biocompatibility and osteoinductivity, it can be studied as a biomaterial in human bone healing.

Loss of work and barriers to return to work are among the consequences of spinal Cord Injury (SCI). This article will represent some results of a previous study named "Perceived Life Experiences of People with Spinal Cord Injury in the Process of Returning to Work in Qom City". The aim of this latter study was to determine the factors that may facilitate or impede return to work in people with SCI. It was a qualitative study with a phenomenological design. Participants of this study were men with paraplegic SCI who were registered in Qom Welfare Office. Sampling was accomplished through the objective-based method and terminated when sufficient data were obtained. The total number of participants reached to 20 participants who were then placed in two groups consisting of 10 employed and 10 unemployed people each. Data collection was completed via conducting semi-structural interviews and the interpretation of data was made by Van Mennen method. As a whole, 6 central themes representing the experiences of participants were found in this study. According to the analysis of experiences, we found some differences between employment and unemployment participants that illustrated the causes of success or failure in returning to work. In fact incorrect perceive of physical problems, dependent and passive personality, negative attitude to the issues and absences of family support were the special barriers to returning to work in unemployed participants.

Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) has been used by medical professionals to save the life of dying patients. To achieve more success rates in CPR, the timing factor is of great importance as any delay in starting CPR will reduce the success rate. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the time elapsed between CPR code announcement and start of resuscitation on CPR outcome. In this cross-sectional study, data was collected from June 2004 till June 2005 using checklists that were routinely used in CPR protocol. A total number of 327 cases of CPR were studied and the data was analyzed by SPSS software. Our results showed that 163 cases of CPR (49.9%) were immediately successful. Of those cases with immediate successful CPR, only 46 cases (28.2%) discharged from hospital and 117 cases (71.8%) died afterwards. In the other words, only 46 cases (14.06%) out of 327 patients who underwent CPR, discharged from hospital and the rest (85.94%) died. The mean time elapsed between CPR code announcement and the start of CPR operations was 1.63 minute and 1.87 minute in immediate successful and unsuccessful CPRs, respectively. This difference is statistically significant (P≤0.001). The mean time elapsed between CPR code announcement and the start of CPR protocol in ultimate successful CPRs (the patients discharged) was 1.28 minute against 1.76 min for total of unsuccessful CPRs (P≤0.001). This study showed that seconds of delay in starting CPR operations reduce the success rate and that the basic CPR should be started as soon as possible within the first 4 minutes followed by advanced CPR. So, reducing the delay time may lead to better outcome. This study also showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between delay time and outcome of CPR.