فهرست مطالب fatemeh abedini

 Among varied ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid types, the therapeutic properties of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been indicated under diabetic conditions in different cell lineages. Here, we investigated the anti-diabetic properties of DHA in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (D2M) focusing on autophagy-controlling factors.

 D2M was induced in male Wistar rats using a single dose of streptozocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. On week 2, diabetic rats received DHA 950 mg/kg/d until the end of the study. After that, rats were euthanized, and aortic and cardiac tissue samples were stained with H&E staining for histological assessment. The expression of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, was measured in heart samples using real-time PCR analysis. Using western blotting, protein levels of BCLN1, LC3, and P62 were measured in D2M rats pre- and post-DHA treatment.

 Data showed intracellular lipid vacuoles inside the vascular cells, and cardiomyocytes, after induction of D2M and DHA reduced intracellular lipid droplets and in situ inflammatory response. DHA can diminish increased levels of ICAM-1 in diabetic conditions (PControl vs. D2M rats=0.005) and reach near-to-control values (PControl vs. D2M rats=0.28; PD2M rats vs. D2M rats+DHA=0.033). Based on western blotting, D2M slightly increased the BCLN1 and LC3-II/I ratio without affecting P62. DHA promoted the LC3II/I ratio (P=0.303) and reduced P62 (PControl vs. D2M rats+DHA =0.0433; pD2M vs. D2M rats+DHA=0.096), leading to the completion of autophagy flux under diabetic conditions.

 DHA can reduce lipotoxicity of cardiovascular cells possibly via the activation of adaptive autophagy response in D2D rats.

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have compromised immune systems due to the nature of the malignancy and anticancer treatments. This study aims to report the effects of Bortezomib-containing chemotherapy regimens on the severity and mortality of MM patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2).
This retrospective cohort study enrolled MM patients presenting with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection referred to Omid Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received any chemotherapy regimens containing Bortezomib within the last 90 days of admission or not. Clinical and laboratory characteristics, severity, and outcomes of both groups were reported and compared.
Among 48 patients with MM diagnosed with COVID-19 (63% male; median age 66), 33 received chemotherapy. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, and dyspnea, and there was no significant difference between the groups. Only D-dimer had a significant difference in laboratory tests (P = 0.03) and was higher in the chemotherapy group. There was no significant relationship between chemotherapy and severity (risk ratio (RR) = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37 to 3.71; P = 0.79) or chemotherapy and mortality (RR= 1.00; 95% CI: 0.39 to 2.61; P = 0.99), even after adjusting for baseline C-reactive protein and white blood cell counts.
Our study showed that receiving Bortezomib-containing chemotherapy regimens did not worsen the symptoms and prognosis of MM patients infected with COVID-19. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times are needed to provide better evidence on this subject.

 The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy and compare it with structural couple therapy on marital justice and relationship maintenance strategies in conflicting couples. 

 The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a two-month control and follow-up group; The statistical population of the present study was 205 couples referring to counseling centers in Shiraz in the last six months of 1399. After screening with the Sanai Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2008), 60 couples who received more than 150 points from the cut-off point were selected by available means. They answered the Marital Justice Questionnaire and Relationship Strategies (Stafford, Dinton and Haas, 2000) and in the experimental group of emotion-focused couple therapy (10 couples), the experimental group of structural couple therapy (10 couples) and the control group (10 couples) were randomly replaced. Both experimental groups underwent Johnson (2004) emotion-focused couple therapy and Minochin (1974) structural couple therapy intervention for eight 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed variance analysis. 

 The results showed that emotion-oriented couple therapy (F = 8.97 and P = 0.005) and structural couple therapy (F = 10.04 and P = 0.003) on increasing marital justice and emotion-oriented couple therapy (0.60). F = 59 and P = 0.001) and structural couple therapy (F = 19.29 and P = 0.001) are effective in maintaining relationship strategies in conflicting couples and this effect was stable in the follow-up phase; The results of post hoc test also showed that the difference between the two groups of emotion-oriented couple therapy and structural couple therapy in marital justice variables and strategies for maintaining the relationship is not significant. 

 The results of the research suggest evidence that the intervention of emotion-oriented couple therapy and structural couple therapy is a suitable method for increasing marital justice and relationship maintenance strategies in spouses suffering from marital conflict.

The kind of combination of matter and form is one of the issues that philosophers dispute about it. Most of earlier philosophers believed in concrete composition. In the meanwhile, Seyyed Sanad believed in the union combination of matter and form, and Mulla Sadra took the same view. His arguments are very similar to those of Seyyed Sanad in terms of content and expressions, so this supposition is strengthened that Mulla Sadra merely accepted this theory and did not invent anything. But it is noteworthy that despite of this amount of similarity in the principle of the theory, the reasons for proving and answering the doubts, Mulla Sadra claims that his theory is other than the theory of Seyyed Sanad. After studying the theory and principles of each of those two philosophers, it is concluded that the correctness of the union combination of matter and form is based on principles such as the principality of existence, analogical gradation of existence and substantial motion. Irrespective of the principality of existence, about which Seyyed Sanad's belief is disputed, Seyyed Sanad definitely does not believe in the analogical gradation of existence and substantial movement. Therefore it can be said that Mulla Sadra has provided a novel interpretation of the theory of the union combination of matter and form with his principles.

Stress is hypothesized to be one of the primary abiotic factors that influence the structuring of food webs. Drought and salinity stresses are the most serious induced problems of agriculture due to climatic changes. Considering the global warming and drying of Urmia salt lake in northwestern Iran which can result in salinization of agricultural lands nearby, the focus of this study is to examine the effects of the two above-mentioned stresses on a host plant (Medicago sativa L.) and its pest (Tetranychus urticae Koch) performance. Two levels of water deficit (kept dry for 5 and 10 days and received 50% and 25% of field capacity respectively) and three levels of salinity (100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) were added to alfalfa plants as stress factors and the following characteristics were measured before and after herbivore infestation: relative water, chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents of leaves and catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activities. The life table parameters of two-spotted spider mite reared on stressed plants were measured and compared with control. We found that drought and salinity stresses led to a decrease of alfalfa plant growth. Morphological and physiological changes included a decrease of relative water, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and an increase of protein, proline, MDA and H2O2 contents and APX enzyme activity. The net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were significantly higher for mites grown on control host plants compared to mites grown on stressed ones and were 25.66 offspring/ individual/generation time, 16.38 d, 0.1971 day−1 and 1.2180 day−1 respectively. These parameters reduced significantly in mites grown on stressed host plants; the significant lowest values were recorded for mites grown on host plants subjected to high salinity (300 mM) and were 0.5 offspring/individual/generation time, 14.47 d, −0.0514 day−1 and 0.9502 day−1 respectively. In terms of this experiment, the water stress had a stronger influence on the morphological and physiological characteristics of alfalfa plant compared to spider mite infestation.

Narrative is the main element in a work of fiction. It takes various forms according its type and approach. One of the important forms of narration in the postmodern novel is the use of episodes in which the novelist, instead of narrating the incident in a macro form, narrates the subject in the form of sub-narratives. It avoids dividing the narrative into traditional elements such as introduction, middle and conclusion. In the postmodern method, the author creates a technical and attractive narrative by focusing on the use of different characters, interactions among narrative levels and conceptual and semantic correlations.In fact, an important function of the novel in recent times has been the use of a new method of narration that is different from traditional and past methods. In this period, the narrative has walked away from its famous and conventional form and is based on contradictions, confusion and disruption of logical rules and natural order among the elements of the story. Therefore, in the postmodern period of the novel, it is not enough to know about a genre or a method to study the narrative; rather, different types and methods of narration should be examined separately. This is because today's fiction, unlike the works of the past that followed certain forms and shapes, is not designed in specific formats and structures; there are general features for narration in the postmodern novel. This form of narrative, which leads to the creation of polyphony, is an important goal of the modern novel, and episodic narrative is a tool to achieve it. An author can create different sounds and narratives by using these two techniques simultaneously.The latest trend in the literature, known as "postmodernism," influenced the Arabic novel. Hoda Barakat is a writer who was influenced by this method in her works, especially in the novel "Barid Al-Layl". She was born in Beirut in 1952 and taught journalism there. Now, she lives in Paris. So far, six novels, two plays, a collection of stories and a self-portrait have been published by this author, and her latest work, entitled "Barid Al-Layl", has attracted the attention of literary circles and won the most important award for Arabic novel. Hoda Barakat's novel "Barid Al-Layl" is the latest work by this prominent Lebanese novelist, which, considering its structure, style and other characteristics, is a unique work that won the Booker Prize for Literature. Using a lettering style, the novel is composed of independent and separate episodes and scenes, but they are related in terms of meaning and concept.Following the various deconstructions and aberrations that have occurred in the postmodern narrative, Barakat turned to new methods, including episodic narrative. In this narrative method, the author avoids using a familiar and traditional macro-structure, and the narrative is divided into sections and subsections. Instead of telling a long and connected story, the novelist uses several micro-incidents or presents the same incident in the form of sub-narratives. An important tool for this technique is the letter-writing style, which was why Hoda Barakat adopted the style of episodic narration in the novel "Barid Al-Layl".Research

By recognizing the type and method of narration in the postmodern novel by Hoda Barakat, this study has examined the components of episodic narration as a tool for this technique. This article is written in a descriptive-analytical manner, and examines the style in the novel using new theories about the postmodern novel.

Hoda Barakat's novel "Barid Al-Layl" makes use of the episodic technique and divided the novel into smaller sections. The author has avoided the grand narrative and avoids heroism and the presentation of extraordinary characters. In order to give his work a novel-like form and to show its difference from the short story, he sticks to semantic attachments and the overlap of narrative levels. In fact, in his episodes, the author has used fragmentary narratives that are connected by certain factors. Hoda Barakat has used five to seven sub-narratives in the novel "Barid Al-Layl". The novel is narrated in episodes and sections, each of which has its own independence. The author has avoided the traditional sequences in the plot. With sub-narratives, he has tried to give objectivity to the depth of the displaced tragedy and to approach reality. This is because showing several characters and several events appropriate to this case enhances the credibility of the events. In spite of such multiplicity and sub-narratives in the theme of homelessness and displacement, Barakat has established unity among the sub-narratives and, through the interference of the narrative levels, has created a temporal connection in spite of a narrative break. Using the episode "At the airport" and the final section "Death of the postman", he has highlighted this connection.

Narration is one the most fundamental principles of fictional texts and time is one of the basic components. Among the theorists Gerard Genette has presented the most comprehensive theories about the factor of time in the story. He has distinguished between the time of the text and the time of the story. He divides time into three components: order, continuity and frequency. Va Kan Masa (مساء وکان (is one of the novels of Joddah al-Sahaar who is an Egyptian novelist. He paid high attention to narrative time and its usage. The novelist has focused and showed the thoughts, obsession, sufferings and emotional reactions of a man who is disappointed and heartbroken in his life. The novelist has also showed the narrator`s role in his novel. In narrative researches it is necessary to talk about time forms in pre-modern novels which have been written in common forms of writing. It is obvious that time is determined by anachronisms and paradoxes in post-modern narratives but its usage must still be considered. The aim of the present study was to consider time forms in Va Kan Masa novel which is an Arabic pre-modern novel. It also aimed to clarify aesthetics and its contradictions based on Genette’s theory. The results of the study show that the author of this novel has used all the opportunities and existing capacities for time element and time indices consisting continuity and frequency. Sahaar also noticed the breaking of time limits as one of the most important time features in post-modern novel and used it as a tool for introducing characters and creating a sense of suspense, trouble making plan, trouble shooting, and making struggle in the story. Furthermore it was seen lots of passion towards the past and future narration by using the recalling and foretelling techniques.

The Problem of making is the topic of some philosophical discussions, and there are three famous views regarding its object. Some thinkers, such as Shaykh Ishrāq and his followers, including ‘Allāmah Dawānī, believe that quiddity is made; some others believe in the madeness of attribution, while another group consider existence to be made, Mullā Ṣadrā rejects the madeness of quiddity and attribution but accepts the madeness of existence. Nevertheless, prior to Mullā Ṣadrā, Sayyid Sanad maintained that it is the “concept of existent” which is made. Mullā Ṣadrā holds that Sayyid Sanad’s intention of the “concept of existent” in the problem of making is concept qua concept rather than a real thing. Therefore, he quotes Sayyid Sanad’s view alongside the three main views regarding the made (as a separate idea) and considers it to be close to his own view. In the same vein, Mullā Ṣadrā’s commentators assert that Sayyid Sanad’s intention of the “concept of existent” was concept qua concept. However, a study of Sayyid Sanad’s original works (manuscripts) reveals that this attribution is not consistent with reality and, by the “concept of existent” in the problem of madeness, Sayyid Sanad meant the same true existence and not concept qua concept. Thus Sayyid Sanad and Mullā Ṣadrā hold the same view in this regard.

The principle of the subjugation of the "positive object of subjugation is one of the most important philosophical rules." According to the rule of thumb, the problem of the nature of existence, the problem of distant or regressive, has been raised. Mulla Sadra has come up with three solutions to these problems. His two solutions are based on the principle of existence: one based on the relation of existence and nature in terms of subjective validity and the other on the basis of the relation of existence and nature in relation to Al-Amr. Sadr al-Din Dashtaki (Sayed Sindh) - one of the great philosophers of the Shiraz school - has also proposed a solution by analyzing the relation of existence and nature in the two domains of subjective validity and self-esteem. Mulla Sadra's commentators (and even himself) have regarded the Sindh solution as the opposite of Mulla Sadra's solution, since they considered Syed Sindh to be substantive. In this paper, by analyzing Sayed Sind's views, it is shown that the concept is true for him, and therefore the Sayed solution is the sum of two solutions proposed by Mulla Sadra

Regarding the “principle of presupposition”, which is one of the important principles in the realm of philosophy, philosophers are unanimous in support of the “necessity of positive affirmation; however, there are some disagreements among them in relation to the “necessity of fixed affirmation”. Two theories have been presented on fixed affirmation: many well-known philosophers maintain that fixed affirmation is not necessary, while some others believe in the opposite. Mullā Ṣadrā is one of the followers of the latter position. He has quoted the theory of the lack of the necessity of fixed affirmation from one of its believers without providing the source. Some of the commentators of his works have attributed it to Sayyid Sanad in addition to Sayyid Sharīf al-Jurjānī and ‘Allāmah Jalāl al-Dīn Dawānī. Nevertheless, the quoted theory does not correspond to what is found in Sayyid Sanad’s manuscripts and, conversely, he appears to believe in the “necessity of fixed affirmation”. The argument of the lack of necessity of fixed affirmation belongs to his contemporary thinker, ‘Allāmah Dawānī. Finally, the authors conclude that, while benefitting from Sayyid Sanad’s theory, Mullā Ṣadrā has provided a specific theory which is different from his.

The animal health monitoring is required to issue health certificates. The viral hepatitis virus is one of the most important infectious agents in mice breeding colonies. This research used RT-PCR to identify contaminations to mouse hepatitis virus. 18 out of 29 specimens were found to be infected, a prevalence of 62%. PCR product was purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the identified strain in this study was closely related to a strain reported from France. In the conventional system, contamination with different infectious agents is inevitable, thus it is better to replace the contaminated colonies with clean animals.

One of the important recommendations of laboratory animals related associations is the use of animals with defined microbial flora because the results of the work on them should be repeatable, reliable and generalizable. Therefore, animal health monitoring is mandatory for certification of their health status at animal breeding and production centers. Mouse hepatitis virus and theiler's encephalomyelitis virus are the most important recommended by FELASA that to examine them in the NIH Laboratory mice colony in this project. The research methods in this study was RT-PCR, using specific primers of the virus. Designing and preparing a positive control sample was carried out using plasmid transformation containing the most appropriate viral gene fragment in E.coli for amplification and extraction. The samples are collected from intestine (colon) containing feces and prepared by standard methods and RT-PCR was performed. The virus theiler's encephalomyelitis, number 13 out of 29 samples with prevalence of 45% among NIH mice were infected with the virus. PCR product was purified and sequenced. In a strain alignment study, it was compared with the eight other species obtained from the NCBI gene. In the phylogenic tree, the KX774639 0.15874 strain belonged to this research most closely related to M20562 from Austria and NC_001366 from England. Because the infection can not be transmitted to humans, immediate removal of the colony is unnecessary.

Ghazali and Mulla Sadra are among the thinkers who have sought to understand the causes of death and have addressed this issue in their own philosophical discussions about the reality of the soul. Although they have different foundations in their views about soul, they give more or less similar ideas about the cause of human death. Some experts in this field believe that natural death is due to severe weakness of the body and malfunction of vital organs and the breakdown of its forces, but Mulla Sadra and Ghazali see the cause of death as a development and enforcement of the soul, not defect and destruction of the body. An important question to which the present paper tries to find its answer is that which of the above-mentioned theory is more consistent with the foundations accepted by these two philosophers, and can this theory be based on either of them? First, the anthropological viewpoints of each of them are explained, and then through analyzing, this will be investigated that which principles and foundations have succeeded in presenting his theory of the cause of death and has the ability to justify his theory.
There are several bases and principles in Ghazali and Mulla Sadra's philosoph views regarding soul, which play a central role in the cause of death, and it is important to pay attention to the similarities and differences between the two thinkers. The first is the view of each about the "nature and reality of the soul." From Ghazzali's point of view, the soul is an immaterial, rational substance, and Mulla Sadra accepts this, but equalizes it to one of the powers of the soul, which is known a rational power. So he doesn’t equalize it with all the nature and soul. This is because, in his opinion, soul is a substance which in some of its levels is material and some others od immaterial and only at the level of reason, it is an immaterial, rational substance. Another important principle is about the way in which the soul is created, according to the point of view of Ghazali, the soul from the beginning of the universe, was an immaterial being; (Rohaniyat al-Huduth). But in Mulla Sadra’s viewpoint, the soul at the beginning was a physical reality that gradually moves toward immaterial thing.
This is the case of Sadra's fundamental differences with Ghazali and with all the previous philosophers. The next pivotal difference is the occurrence of movement and evolution in the essence of the soul. In the philosophical discussions of Ghazali, he talks about stages of human evolution, and it is understood that he has in some way considered the intrinsic motion of the soul. Mulla Sadra also explicitly stated the gradual movement of man in a natural way, and explicitly called it the intrinsic motion of the soul. Thus, Ghazali and Mulla Sadra explain the uplift of the soul by its intrinsic motion, but this movement is consistent with the foundations of Sadra, not with Ghazali's basics. Sadra is helping to explain this from principles such as the trans-substantial motion, and that it has different levels and stages and that it has temporal contingency, but Ghazali is not equipped with such principles, and this leads him to fail to explain his theory. For this reason he claims that the soul can have intrinsic motion only if it is material and physical at the time of its creation not immaterial, because there is no movement in immaterial beings
The relationship between the soul and the body is the next major principle, and Sadra believes in this regard that, contrary to the general impression that the soul is derived from the body, it is the soul that makes the body existent and, in fact, the body is one of the outcomes of the existence of the soul, not the opposite. Ghazali also has a similar view and believes that this is a soul that is useful and grants the existence to the body, so essentially the soul is the principal and the body is its function. With the explanation that Ghazali and Mulla Sadra have shown from the relationship between the soul and body, it can be concluded that the origin of the separation of the soul from the body is not the end of the strength of the body and the extinction of instinctive heat and temperament, but the promotion and independence of the soul is the origin of this separation, and this promotion and independence is the result of the inherent movement of the soul.
After expressing the philosophical principles of Ghazali and Mulla Sadra in explaining the sould, one can explain the cause and quality of the occurrence of death from their points of view. The exploration in the works of al-Ghazali, shows that, although death is due to the shutting down of natural and animal powers, but what causes these powers to be shut down is the soul’s rejection to observe the body, the rejection is not the result of degeneration of Mizaj, but due to gradual evolution and perfection of reason, rational power and the human soul. Sadra also believes that the cause of the death is in the innate evolution of life and the upgrading of the existential level of man. By saying that the human soul has a steady and evolutional movement in its own substance and every movement has its ultimate goal, and each goal has an owner which will stop moving when it reaches its very end. The soul is moving towards its ultimate goal of acquiring power and talents - during the worldly life - and death occurs when all its talents are activated and no longer capable of acquiring any other power and talent in this life.
The result is that al-Ghazali's theory of the cause of death is similar to Mulla Sadra's theory in this regard, but compared to Mulla Sadra's theory, the theory of al-Ghazal differs in some bases as the following: One of Ghazali's important reasons in explaining the cause of death is that death is the result of the inherent motion of the soul and due to its upgrade. One of the main sources of Mulla Sadra's explanation for the cause of death is the intrinsic motion of the soul, and he believes that death is due to the uplift of the soul, which is the result of the innate motion of the soul. But the very basis that Ghazali makes in choosing such an explanation for death is the belief in the spiritual nature of the soul; that is, the combination of the inherent motion of the soul with its spiritual form, which is acceptable to Ghazzali, is impossible because Moving from the power to the action is possible only in material matter. In order to be able to move in the essence of the soul, we must believe in its materiality at the beginning of its conception, that is to say, we must consider the soul as the physical aspect of its creation, and this is the same as the accepted principle by Sadra. Consequently, death as the result of self-awareness is compatible only with the principles of Mulla Sadra, and there is an inconsistency between Ghazali's opinion on the cause of his death and his principles.

Invasive procedures could change the physiological responses of neonates. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the sound of the Holy Quran on the physiological responses and pain caused by heel stick blood sampling in neonates.
This three-stage, two-group, clinical trial was conducted on 72 hospitalized term neonates at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran during 2013-2014. Subjects were selected via simple random sampling and allocated to two groups of intervention and control. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of the demographic characteristics, physiological responses, and pain of the neonates. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 18.
Post-hoc LSD test indicated that the mean respiratory and heart rates were significantly higher in the intervention group (sound of the Holy Quran) during blood sampling compared to before and three minutes after the procedure (P According to the results, playing the sound of the Holy Quran during painful procedures could positively influence the stabilization of the physiological responses in the hospitalized neonates, thereby reducing their exposure to the risk of decreased oxygen saturation and the associated complications.

Mycoplasma pulmonis and muris infections have been associated with several diseases in conventionally housed laboratory rat and mice colonies. In naturally infected of mycoplasma pulmonis in mice and rat colonies, the respiratory organ appears to be the favored site of colonization; so, it was not surprising to see that infection spread from the site of urogenital tract to the respiratory tract. In this research, PPLO broth culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect Mycoplasma pulmonis and muris contamination in mice strain NIH. A new species of Mycoplasma muris(MYMORazi) have been identified in the nasopharyngeal, lung and vaginal samples of mice strain NIH in Razi Vaccine and serum research institute. Despite using two pair's specific primers targeting 16SrRNA gene of Mycoplasma pulmonis, detection was failed in both organs. We propose that the Mycoplasma muris strain MYMO Razi can cause infection in both organs of mouse strain NIH without presence of Mycoplasma pulmonis.

Mycoplasma muris (M.M) is a small pathogenic bacterium that lives in the female mouse genital tract. Mycoplasma muris may have harmful effects on the reproductive health of female. This research was performed to optimize the detection of M. muris in NIH mice in the Department of Animal Breeding, Razi Vaccine and Research Institute, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 29 vaginal samples of NIH mice were selected through simple random sampling. For detection of the mycoplasma, the vaginal tissue removal of samples was done. First, samples were crushed using mortar and pestle with PBS 1ml, then were cultured in the PPLO broth and incubated at 37°C for 24h, they were passed through 0.45 μm pore-size filters and inoculated into specific PPLO broth and agar media for 3-4 weeks. In the next section, the PCR test was used with primers of 16S rRNA gene of M. muris. From 29 tested samples, 17.24% samples were positive for M. muris by PCR method, while 35.93% cultures showed positive. The phylogenetic analysis indicated a new strain of M. muris. The results of culture and PCR methods displayed the contamination in NIH mice. Therefore, Therefore, more researches are needed regarding the presence of mycoplasma for treatment and clinical signs.

Heavy agricultural use of fertilizers and pesticides has caused tremendous harm to the environment as well affects human population. For concerning about food and environmental safety and avoiding pesticide resistant pests, application of alternative methods in integrated pest management (IPM) is needed. IPM is a combination of crop protection practices to keep pests below economic threshold, one of them is resistant host plant. Different factors such as application of fertilizers and pesticides, irrigation and creating optimum conditions for host plant can affect its resistance. Data from previous studies have indicated that foliar sprays of phosphate and potassium salts can induce systemic protection against foliar pathogens. To analyze the effect of foliar spray of phosphorus and potassium on induction of systemic resistance to the host plant against two-spotted spider mite its development and reproductive rate was studied on zucchini sprayed with three Fosfalim-K concentrations (1=sub-optimal, 10=optimal and 30=supra-optimal ml L-1) and control in the laboratory conditions. Foliar treatments were applied three times. The raw data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory of Chi and Liu. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate (λ), the net reproduction rate (R0) and the mean generation time (T) of T. urticae on control were 0.166d-1, 1.18d-1, 10.72 offspring and 14.17d respectively. The systemic induced resistance by Fosfalim-K is expressed in significantly decreased r, λ, R0 and T values in mites fed on plants sprayed with optimal and supra-optimal concentrations. The age-stage life expectancy and reproductive value also were calculated.

Drought stress is the most important factor limiting growth and production of plants. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have different effects on morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of the plants. In this study, effects of spraying of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l) and two levels of irrigation (normal irrigation, 5-days irrigation intervals) was evaluated through a factorial assay based on randomized block complete design with three replications. Sixty days after starting the assay, changes in chlorophyll index, leaf area, proline, protein, total carbohydrate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fo, Fv/Fm) and nutrients (potassium, manganese, Iron, and zinc) were measured. Under water deficit stress, spraying of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, increased the amount of chlorophyll index, proline and protein content, concentrations of potassium, zinc, iron, manganese; leaf surface and reduced the amount of minimum chlorophyll fluorescence. Also, total soluble carbohydrate content increased increased in parallel with titanium dioxide nanoparticles concentration, while the treatment did not affect the amount of FV/FM.

Premature neonates’ feeding is of great importance due to its effective role in their growth. These neonates should reach an independent oral nutrition stage before being discharged from the Neonatal Intensive care Unit. Therefore, the researcher decided to conduct a study on the effect of palady and cup feeding on premature neonates’ weight gain and their reaching full oral feeding time interval.
This is a clinical trial with a quantitative design conducted on 69 premature infants (gestational age between 29 and 32 weeks) who were assigned to cup (n = 34) and palady (n = 35) feeding groups through random allocation. The first feeding was administrated either by cup or palady method in each shift within seven sequential days (total of 21 cup and palady feedings). Then, the rest of feeding was administrated by gavage.
Mean hospitalization time (cup = 39.01 and palady = 30.4; P The neonates in palady group reached full oral feeding earlier than those of cup group. Subjects’ weight gain was also higher in palady group compared to the cup group. Premature neonates with over 30 weeks of gestational age and physiological stability can be fed by palady.

Isti’azah or seeking refuge in a superior power is a sort of invocation to God the believers adhere to when in danger. Reviewing works by such great authors and philosophers as Ibn Arabi, Mulla Sadra and Imam Khomeini it will be understood how they clarify this invocation based on their preferred manners. In Ibn Arabi’s works we can find a lot about the reality of Isti’azah, Mosta’iz (one who seeks refuge), Mosta’az-i-Beh (The Refuge), Mosta’az-i-Menh (the danger, Satan) although they have not been covered as major subject matters. There is no article or reference to Mosta’az La-Ajalah (something because of which the reality of Isti’azah comes to light) in his works. Mulla Sadra classified seeking refuge in God as five pillars namely: Isti’azah, Mosta’iz, Mosta’az-i-Beh, Mosta’az-i-Menh, and Maa Yasta’az-o La-Ajalah. Imam Khomeini, too, begins with explaining about the reality of Isti’azah and continues with its inclusion of four pillars (Mosta’iz, Mosta’az-i-Beh, Mosta’az-i-Menh and Mosta’az La-Ajalah). Ibn Arabi and Imam Khomeini have a philosophical approach toward Isti’azah, while Mulla Sadra has a philosophical-rational approach toward the issue. Despite impressions he has taken in some other issues from Ibn Arabi, Mulla Sadra is completely independent in terms of Isti’azah. Imam Khomeini’s view is in some parts similar to Ibn Arabi’s opinion (specially in terms of Mosta’iz and Mosta’az-i-Beh) and to Mulla Sadra in some other parts (particularly in names and classifications and in ultimate Isti’azah). However, his view is quite different in many other aspects so that it can be studied as an independent view along with Ibn Arabi and Mulla Sadra’s views.

One of the most important philosophical consequences that have left an enormous impact on some philosophical issues is the substantial motion theory. It is a comprehensive theory, which opens new perspectives to many of the philosophical problems, including movement of the soul (nafs) that Mullā Ṣadrā, contrary to the earlier philosophers, viewed as of substantial (essential) movement kind. The substantial movement of the soul is important in that it has consequences that mostly explicate the issues concerning the grave and the Resurrection. What is carried out in this article is the extraction of the important consequences of this movement such as: corporeality of the soul at the beginning of creation (ḥudūth), conjunction of creation and eternity of the soul, solving the problem of the duality of the soul and body, gradual generation of the soul, typical difference of human beings in terms of inner aspect (bāṭin), union of the soul with the active intellect, natural death and its truthfulness, impossibility of reincarnation, various types of purgatorial and rational incorporeity of the soul, persistence of the souls after death, bodily Resurrection, the Gathering (ḥashr), Path (ṣirāṭ), immortality of the disbelievers in perdition.

The current study takes an ecological approach to investigate whether teaching management of work-family roles increases the self-efficacy of female teachers. The population of the study was female teachers in region 18 of the Ministry of Education in Tehran during the academic year 1388-1389. Samples were randomly selected from candidates interested in participating in the training program. Of 38 volunteer teachers, 24 were selected randomly and divided into two sub-groups: the experimental and control groups; each consisting of 12 subjects. The experimental group was trained for 12 sessions on strategies and skills for managing workfamily roles by an ecological approach. Based on pretest-posttest design of Sherer et al. self-efficacy questionnaire was used throughout the project. The result of the Covariance analysis indicated that training on managing the work-family roles to female teachers positively affected their scores in the self-efficacy questionnaire.