ghanbar mohammadi elyasi

Today, coaching is one of the most effective tools for organizational change and improving the performance of managers. Implementing this process in the organization requires identifying managers who have the necessary competencies to play this role. This research, which is based on Grounded Theory and philosophical interpretive-constructivism, has been organized in order to identify the competencies of managers to play the role of coaching. Data collection tools, semi-structured case-based interviews, and research participants were fifteen middle managers selected from two companies of Mapna Group companies. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Charmz theory approach in the context of MaxQDA software. The research findings have presented six competencies: indicators of successful manager performance for coaching (from the student's perspective); Manager's beliefs about coaching in the form of facilitative beliefs such as belief in the ability of individuals and freedom to act and deterrent beliefs such as the fear of losing a position; Required knowledge includes, specialized coaching knowledge, coaching and business prerequisites; Managers' skills required for coaching include: coaching, feedback, apprenticeship, interpersonal, communication and individual; The personality traits required by managers were divided into two categories: positive personality traits and toxic personality traits. In the last section, the personal motivations of the principal related to the student and the anti-motivational factors of the principals in coaching activity were mentioned.

One of the new fields of study in recent years is related to business ethics and its development. The research literature indicates that, in general, examples of ethical values can be seen in some social entrepreneurs and in particular social businesses more than other businesses. Considering that the research in this field is very little and it needs to be studied as much as possible to identify the dimensions and factors affecting it, therefore, in this study, it will be investigated what elements on the development of social business ethics is considered. The present study is descriptive, practical in terms of purpose and is based on systematic review method. The statistical population includes all studies in the field of development of entrepreneurial ethics and social businesses in the period from the beginning of publication until 2022 and includes 832 research. The failure of transferring the teachings of business ethics to the real work environment and the lack of explanatory theories and models in this field are among the findings of the present study and the most important research gap identified. Furthermore, conducting the systematic literature review by Whetten framework and exploit the model of grounded theory structure, are other findings of this research.

The objective of this study was to design a digital marketing model for small online retail businesses in Iran using a mixed approach.

A mixed approach was used in this study, involving 11 experts in the qualitative section and 240 managers, entrepreneurs, and experts of small online retail businesses in the quantitative section. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews and researcher questionnaires. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using the foundational data theory method and Max QDA software, while the partial least squares technique and SmartPLS 2.0 software were used to test hypotheses.

The study identified six categories of factors affecting digital marketing in small online retail businesses in Iran, including causal conditions, contextual factors, strategies, central phenomenon, intervening factors, and consequences. The study proposed a digital marketing model based on these factors and found that the model had sufficient validity based on the results of the quantitative part of the study. The study identified targeted marketing as the main category of background conditions, time and cost management as the main categories of causal conditions, and indicators related to giving customers the right to choose, maintaining and retaining customers, providing services according to customers' needs, appropriate relationships with customers, and creating value as the main categories of digital marketing factors. The study also identified the competitiveness of companies as the most important intervening factor and economic development and service quality improvement as the main categories of outcomes.

The study's findings can be used to help small online retail businesses in Iran develop effective digitalmarketing strategies. The mixed approach used in this study, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, was effective in identifying the factors affecting digital marketing in small online retail businesses in Iran. The proposed digital marketing model can be a useful tool for small online retail businesses to improve their digital marketing performance and compete in the market. The study's findings highlight the importance of targeted marketing, time and cost management, and customer-focused digital marketing strategies in small online retail businesses in Iran. The model's validity was confirmed by the results of the quantitative part of the study. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the development of digital marketing strategies for small online retail businesses in Iran.

One of the emerging fields of study in recent years is business ethics education. Research in this field is very limited and needs more attention and study to identify goals, dimensions, components and also the factors affecting it. This study examines what dimensions are considered in business ethics education and what elements are considered to be effective by different researchers.

The present study is descriptive and in terms of purpose, it is an applied study that has been done in a systematic review method. Its statistical population includes all studies in the field of business ethics education in Scopus database from the beginning of publication until 2020 and includes 832 researches, in which 51 articles were selected as a sample. The coding was performed using MAXQDA 10 and the results were analyzed using the Whetten framework

The failure to transfer the teachings of business ethics courses to the real environment and the lack of theory and model in this field is one of the most important research gaps, one of the main factors is the lack of attention to the context in business ethics education.

Theoretical participation of this study includes a better understanding of goals, dimensions and components as well as factors affecting business ethics, especially in the field of education. This, along with the study gap, can be used as a practical contribution to the development of lesson plans and content for business ethics courses.

Empowering women can enable this section of society to recognize their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and move towards their goals according to their capacities. In this regard, and considering the importance of the category of empowerment in this research, an attempt has been made to review the existing scientific capacities by reviewing the literature and highly cited articles in this field. This study using a systematic review, the scientific achievements during the last 10 years (2020-2010) were reviewed and 24 highly cited articles in this field were reviewed. Based on this, first, after identifying the keywords, the articles published in Science Direct, Scopus, Springer, Sage Journals, and Google Scholar databases were considered for searching. Overall the study of studies on women's empowerment in the last decade suggests that a wide range of different dimensions of empowerment and different approaches to empowerment have been considered by researchers. However, in previous studies, the place of education, especially entrepreneurship education in the discussion of empowerment of rural women, has received less attention. Combining entrepreneurial training programs in the form of promoting new ideas, while providing skills training for working in the economic sectors, raising the level of knowledge and awareness of rural women about a realistic knowledge of their capacities and abilities It is expected that a favorable environment will be provided for their social regeneration. Accordingly, further studies and conducting accurate and comprehensive research on the application of these two concepts (education and empowerment) together are complementary, necessary and essential. Future research can focus on empowering rural women, designing an entrepreneurship education model, and implementing and operationalizing it.

Being faced with a complex and uncertain business environment today, directors of enterprises, should, in addition to their struggle for the organization's survival, have the capability to pave the grounds for development and growth. Coaching is deemed a factor to facilitate the capacity for growth. From this angle, the objective of this research is to identify a framework for selecting a coaching style by managers of rapid growth businesses. This investigation is considered applied in terms of purpose in which a multiple case study method has been used with regard to the exploratory nature of research. In order to provide a conceptual framework,  interviews have been carried out with 19 directors in a semi-structured arrangement and then the findings analysis has been coded in three stages. The findings illustrate that the managers choose their business coaching style based on contingency approach and the conceptual framework has been designed with respect to the goal, style and environmental conditions. The aim of coaching style is to bring about changes in the learner at the three levels knowledge, attitude, and behavior. To this end, the managers will apply challenging, exploratory, empowering and awareness-raising coaching styles. The factors affecting the choice of coaching style can be classified into 4 dimensions: coach, learner(student), coach-leaner relationship and organization. As such, the managers may choose their coaching styles with a view to a number of factors and components which, inter alia, include: the learner's agile learning process, level of trust between instructor-student, organizational characteristics and dynamism of a manager

This research attempts to propose a conceptual framework for developing entrepreneurial learning among blockchain entrepreneurs with an interpretative approach and event-based interviews. Researchers think of blockchain as a new revolutionary technology similar to the Internet. Given the changes that blockchain technology is capable of making, it has gained importance to identify entrepreneurship opportunities and put them into use. Dismissing this matter might lead to a loss of entrepreneurial learning opportunities and improving the methods used for guiding entrepreneurs to identify opportunities, start a business, and keep it. Therefore, it will be vital to identify the resources and learning and educational methods for entrepreneurial development. To do this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 entrepreneurs or senior managers of the blockchain industry living in Iran. After coding the interviews, a framework was detected for developing entrepreneurial learning. The results show that entrepreneurial learning resources and methods consist of four sections including work-task, education-publication, imitation-modeling, and human-social interactions, each consisting of numerous methods. In this framework, in addition to learning resources and methods, six facilitating factors were identified, including motivation, interest, personal life process, business nature, nature of the business environment, and personal traits. Also, the identification of six limiting factors including economic obstacles, blockchain ecosystem obstacles, technological obstacles, government obstacles, personal obstacles, and finally institutional obstacles were another part of this framework.

Entrepreneurial empowerment is less regarded as a vital approach to sustainable poverty reduction. The literature defines entrepreneurial empowerment of the poor as either “empowering the poor for entrepreneurship” or “empowering the poor through entrepreneurship”. However, there is neither a comprehensive theoretical explanation nor a clear understanding about the body of knowledge on the entrepreneurial empowerment of the poor. This study, practical in the purpose and descriptive - documentary in data collection, aims to identify the body of certified knowledge on entrepreneurial empowerment of the poor in relation to its theoretical components. To do this, we first found three theoretical components based on the definitions in the literature: institutions, entrepreneurial agency, and outcomes. Then, we recognized the body of knowledge, by searching for keywords related to empowerment, entrepreneurship, poor and poverty in the WoS database through an extensive scientometric analysis over the period 1970-2019, using the CitNetExplorer software. Findings consisted of identifying bibliometric indices; introducing six knowledge clusters, including micro-finance, base-of-the-pyramid, entrepreneurial impetus, technology and infrastructure, organizing innovation and marketing of the poor's businesses, and female entrepreneurship. And accordingly, explaining the body of knowledge in relation to institutions and entrepreneurial agency. Besides, we researched in more general scientific databases to learn why some expected knowledge clusters were not discovered. Connecting the body of knowledge to the theoretical components identifies scientific and theoretical contributions.

The purpose of this study is to identify and explain ways to improve the coaching process in organizational talent management. The main framework of the research was qualitative which was used to collect data with a structured researcher-made interview. The statistical population of the research was human resources and coaching specialists. The research sampling method is purposeful and snowball. The research data was saturated through interviews with 15 experts in the field of human resources and coaching. Data from the interview were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin coding methods. The results of data analysis were 10 general categories. These categories include "effective communication between managers and employees", "creating accurate knowledge of managers and employees", "prerequisites for coaching in the organization", "facilitating the process of criticism and criticism of managers and employees", "process of facilitating and confronting employees", "facilitation the process of training and development of managers and employees", "build confidence in the ability of managers and employees", "facilitate the process of better implementation of decisions by employees", "improve performance appraisal system", "increase cooperation between managers and employees". According to the results of the present study, it is suggested to use 10 categories in each coaching process to improve and improve the coaching process

One of the requirements for the development of societies and organizations is innovation, change in policies and policies, and the use of creative models in decision making. To achieve this goal, organizations must explore opportunities and identify new solutions and possibilities, and apply innovation in decisions. How to identify these opportunities and use them has always been a concern of policy makers and efforts have been made in this regard, but a comprehensive model in our country that can lead to entrepreneurial decision-making in a government organization has not been presented so far. Therefore, we sought to identify the dimensions, factors and elements affecting the policy entrepreneurship in the thermal power generation production policy making process and to present a suitable model for policy entrepreneurship for this field. To achieve this goal, a fundamental research based on a combined exploratory method was conducted. For this purpose, in the quality section, interviews were conducted with 18 experts in the field of electricity generation who were selected through the snowball sampling method. In the interview process, 244 open codes, 84 selective themes and 16 main themes were identified and the policy entrepreneurship model was presented in three dimensions: contextual, structural and behavioral. In the quantitative part, using a questionnaire and after assessing its content validity, based on the results of one-sample t-test, the effect of the components identified in the qualitative part on entrepreneurship was confirmed and the components were ranked based on the Friedman test.

People’s behavior change facilitates their goals achievement. Interventions targeting people’s behavior change are generally implemented through diverse types of education. With increasing use of coaching systems in accelerator centers, the question then arises as to whether the methods used by educators can affect the behavior of nascent entrepreneurs and change their behavior in a more entrepreneurial way. In this paper, we have attempted to answer this question using a quasi-experimental approach to investigate the behavior change of nascent entrepreneurs. For this purpose, 18 accelerator centers were selected in Tehran province, in which 188 nascent entrepreneurs were selected as statistical sample at the beginning of the acceleration period. 114 nascent entrepreneurs of all selected ones contributed also at the end of the period. Investigation of the questionnaires and Paired T-Test indicate that entrepreneurial behavior of nascent entrepreneurs during the acceleration period turn out to be more entrepreneurial. In addition, the regression test showed that this change in behavior is the result of educational, relational and experiential approaches used by the centers’ instructors and the effectiveness of the mentioned methods is 0.28, 0.55 and 0.21 respectively. Therefore, coaching methods affect behavior change of the nascent entrepreneurs. Relational methods are more effective compared to educational and experiential approaches for coaching nascent entrepreneurs.

Technological entrepreneurship ecosystem (TEE) is comprised of various elements and complex relations that all interact with each other to enable the creation and growth of technological entrepreneurship. The technological entrepreneur, as the main constituent of this ecosystem, should possess specific characteristics and also must perform particular roles. Despite the importance of (tech) entrepreneur in the (technological) entrepreneurship ecosystem, we are facing with the lack of comprehensive and robust literature in this domain. The aim of this research is to identify and explain various roles of tech-entrepreneurs in the relevant ecosystem. In this path, we adopted a constructivist approach of grounded theory, conducted in-depth interviews and analyzed secondary sources. Totally, we analyzed 27 cases of technological entrepreneurship process that ended in the identification of 14 specific roles in three groups. First, the principal roles which are research & development, market analysis, and resource mobilization. Second, the supporting roles such as networking, incident monitoring, and cooperation with technical experts. Third, the general (contextual) roles like building trust, and proper interactions with other elements of the ecosystem. These roles which based on their nature are in relation and interaction with other elements of the ecosystem, can enhance the related literature of entrepreneurship ecosystem and also lead the actions of technological entrepreneurs.

Today public opinion and researchers in Iran believe violation of ethical principles is undeniable reality and public concern. However, there are successful entrepreneurs in food industry which their commitment to business ethics is rare. Due to need to deep understanding of alive experience of successful entrepreneurs and they flourish in business ethical actions, this applied qualitative research tries to explore subjects’ understanding of business ethics essence and their reasons to commitment to it, by classic grounded theory. Authors tried to explain their business ethical experiences on through deep interviews and find reasons to commitment. Research population is Iranian food industry successful entrepreneurs which identified by criterion like owners ownership of established firms, repeated innovation, ownership of brand; final selection has been down by purposeful sampling. Data has been gathered through ten event based interviews. Data analysis has been done through two real and theoretical coding by using classic grounded theory. Findings are that subjects have different understanding from business ethics. Their main concern is acquire benefit (interest and BREKAT) through guaranteed way and it is fulfilled by balancing self-interests and stakeholders interests in business weightier. However, stakeholders are different in their views. The reason for their commitment to business ethics is benefit which is functionalistic. Though, benefit for some of them is economic interest and business development, for others it is economic interest and BAREKAT which is result of satisfaction of latent stakeholder of business.

A Cluster Development Agent (CDA) according to his specific roles and tasks in different stages of cluster development process – which includes 5 different stages based on UNIDO cluster development model, namely: cluster selection, CDA selection, diagnostic study, vision building and action planning, implementation and finally monitoring and evaluation – requires a different set of competencies in each stage. This study examines competencies which are of the most important and also critical prerequisites for the success of the cluster development project. Accordingly, investigating the trustworthiness of the CDA from the perspective of cluster stakeholders, as well as his ability to create and enhance the level of trust between cluster members, is the main subject of this research. In fact, the main goal of this research is identifying competencies that increase the trustworthiness of the CDA and develop the level of trust within the cluster. In this qualitative study with a narrative approach, using profound and semi-structured interviews with 16 cluster developers and six cluster stakeholders, the competencies were identified and determined. These competencies include the ability to: sensitizing stakeholders, create partnerships, persuasion, and finally creating added value.

Occurrence of business scandals like Enron and Parmalat around the world in recent decades, have increased the importance of business leaders and entrepreneurs’ commitment to business ethics. Today entrepreneurs strive to make employment and producing innovative products is in high rank in Iran. There is also a crucial need for deep understanding of above mentioned phenomenon to prevent its repetition. So this qualitative research (theme analysis) tries to explore the nature of the Iranian entrepreneur leaders’ commitment to business ethics. Authors tried to account the conception of subjects from the meaning of business ethics and explore their experiences in ethical dilemmas in their business and analyze their commitment to ethical codes. Statistical population is composed of entrepreneur leaders identified by business experts. Final selection of samples has been done by purposeful sampling and field data gathered by ten semi-structured and behavioral interviews. The thematic Analysis used to analyze the data (extract relevant evidence, initial coding and finding common themes). The finding of the research shows that common understanding of entrepreneur leaders from business ethics is integrity and honesty in producing products and offering services but their commitment to business ethics emerge in three different forms that authors propose a typology to this phenomenon; minimum commitment to business ethics (lawful), medium commitment (market-based) and maximum commitment (deontic).

By the advent of support mechanisms and due to their significant role in augmenting the failure rate of startups, today we are witnessing the exponential growth of startup accelerators around the Globe. But, unfortunately, the main approach of these accelerators is focused on economical and not social ideas. While a great number of social startups are able to solve fundamental problems and have high social impacts. In the one hand, there is not an integrated support framework for a typical social accelerator, and generally these entities render selective services. Thus, this research is conducted in order to propose a support framework for social accelerators according to different stages, and therefore seven social accelerators from different locations around the world are selected and studied. This research, which is a multiple case study, is an applied qualitative research- narrative research. The results revealed that visiting social businesses, and introducing social entrepreneurs at the “entry stage”, introduction to social problems, initial market building, legitimacy, and confidence building at the “pre acceleration and acceleration stages”, and legitimizing, absorbing the stakeholders, as well as obtaining the necessary permissions at the “exit stage” are of paramount importance, and are rarely emphasized in the extant literature.

Abstract: Business development Services centers are one of the centers that provide valuable services for the growth of small and medium-sized businesses. These centers, based on growth theory, seek to grow and improve performance, like any other organization. Therefore, first, the challenges and problems of these centers should be identified and then addressed in order to achieve effective performance. In this research, it is attempted to analyze the challenges of the business development services centers in the organizational inputs with a semi-structured, in-depth interview, using the Grounded Theory approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts in the business development service centers in the country, who were interviewed by purposeful sampling. Data analysis was done by coding and categorization. The results of the research showed that the most important challenges faced by business development Service centers are the "provision of Unprofessional services", "the lack of competent counselors", "the lack of a systematic Identification of consultants », «inability to work with government agencies», «Lack of access to business information» and «lack of confidence in the ability of the centers».

This research is conducted to introduce a model for the interaction of the holding companies and their subsidiaries based on the maturity level of the human resource management processes of subsidiaries. Data were collected through interviews with university professors and experts, as well as questionnaires. The first oral questionnaire was given to 5 experts. The second one, developed based on Philips’PST model and interaction styles of Goold and Campbell, was administered to 30 professors, HRM spacialists in holding companies and other related experts. To reach statistical conclusion, the results acquired by the two questionnaires were compared. To analyze the data collected, SPSS16 software was used. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the ten HRM processes. Findings show that the maturity level of the subsidiaries affect the interaction between the parent companies and their subsidiaries. With any increase in the maturity level of the subsidiaries, more authority is granted to them by their parent companies.

Entrepreneurs to promote their business affairs and various activities such as raising the required capital, attract and select qualified employees, persuade customers and suppliers for collaboration with their company with favorable conditions, needs the persuasion skill. Formally, Persuasion is a process where we are trying to motivate audience’s to change their existing attitudes and behaviors. Persuasion skill helps to interact effectively with others and play an important role in the success of entrepreneurs. Therefore, this study have attempted to answer the question: What are the persuasion skills of entrepreneurs. Using narrative research, semi-structured interviews, systematic approach and take advantages of coding, axis of developing persuasion capabilities in entrepreneurial veteran have identified. The data obtained by means of 11 interviews of experienced entrepreneurs and then through open and axial coding results have been derived. Finally, after the classifying categories, 11 major axis to development capabilities of persuasion identified and introduced.

Technological entrepreneurship is an important path for technology commercialization and has direct effects on sustainable growth & welfare of nations. Formation and performance of these businesses depend on a proper context that is referred to as technological entrepreneurship ecosystem (TEE). This research by adopting a multi-stage procedure tries to identify and define the dimensions and components of this ecosystem with regard to Iran's specific conditions. At first, based on the meta-synthesis strategy possible dimensions and components of this ecosystem have been identified from the related sources. Then, by adopting the survey strategy and using the concluded questionnaire of the previous stage, we conducted 19 structured interviews. The analysis of resulted data ended in 129 components and twelve dimensions of market, culture, technological entrepreneur, talents, education & research, networks & interactions, support services, capital, governance, organizations, special conditions, and infrastructure for the technological entrepreneurship ecosystem in Iran.

Considering the undeniable role of education in the development of societies, identifying educational methods is a worthwhile topic. The principal objective of this research is to identify the methods of entrepreneurial teaching in affective learning domain using the "Edutainment" approach. The affective domain is mentioned in Bloom's learning taxonomy (1956) beside cognitive and psycho-motor domains. In this study, which is conducted using a qualitative method, the experiences of 13 of the experts in the field of education and entrepreneurship has been documented through semi-structured interviews and the coding method has been used for analyzing the experiences. The results indicate that teachers employ 4 accordant methods with the Edutainment approach for teaching entrepreneurship in the affective learning domain of students which are guest lecturer, educational workshop, role-playing and field trips. Recognizing these entrepreneurial teaching methods can aid both entrepreneurship tutors and educational policy makers in formulation and preparation of entrepreneurship lesson plans and curriculum.

Much of the effectiveness of training, research and creative activities of entrepreneurship is contingent on attention to the nature of entrepreneurship knowledge. Deep reflection on the type and nature of entrepreneurship knowledge is crucial for improving the effectiveness of entrepreneurship activities. There are two views on interdisciplinary nature of this field of study; Entrepreneurship as a body of fragmented and irrelevant knowledge, and Entrepreneurship as an immature interdisciplinary field. The purpose of this review, is to assess interdisciplinary nature of Entrepreneurship. The review of literature indicates that there are four criteria by which we could judge the nature of Entrepreneurship; subject matter, theoretical origin, knowledge integration and purpose of the field. Analytical assessments of the current state of Entrepreneurship that is based on the above-mentioned criteria state that Entrepreneurship has the characteristics of being an interdisciplinary field of knowledge, but still seriously need to evolve, especially in the criterion of "knowledge integrationE

Cluster development agent (CDA) is a person or a group who has a central leading role and critical function in all stages of cluster development process. CDA as an important agent of change, has full authority in executing the cluster development project, where he has a leading and facilitating role throughout the cluster developing path. Therefore, it could be claimed that the success of the cluster development project directly depends on the CDA's competencies. CDA's competencies could be divided into two different categories: general and process-based competencies. General competencies refer to a set of knowledge, skills and traits which a CDA is expected to possess at all stages of cluster development process in order to illustrate an appropriate performance. The current study aims to identify CDAs’ general competencies in Iranian industrial clusters. This exploratory study has been done implementing qualitative narrative interviews with a sample of 15 CDAs who were purposefully selected and participated in the study. The interviews had been continued till when the theoretical saturation has been granted. Findings of the current study highlighted the CDA's general competencies as following: Negotiation and bargaining skill, Administrative skills, Professional ethics observance, Effective social networking skill, Influencing and persuasion skills, Institutionalizing skill, feedback giving and acceptance skills, role modeling and benchmarking skills, the teaching-learning skills, problem-based decision-making, information and cluster advertising skills. These findings are discussed and their implementations are outlined in the paper.

The Previous studies about formal mentoring program have revealed that organizations follow it by various intentions. The necessity of formal mentoring as a means to foster individual growth and development has been flourished among Iranian organizations. Defining mentoring outcomes based on Iranian experience is fruitful and valuable; hence the following research question is developed: What are formal mentoring program outcomes for mentors, protégés and human resources specialist'' viewpoints?
Narrative analysis and semi-structured interview (5W1H) have been used for gathering data from protégés, mentors and human resource specialists. Based on purposive sampling, 18 people of sampling population have been interviewed and, Strauss and Corbin coding was used to interpret the data. The protégés, mentors and organization mentoring outcomes have been determined in 3 groups. Research findings present that employee capabilities development, succession planning, reduce of turnover rate and organizational performance improvement for organization. It increases mentor's self-efficacy, personal development, satisfaction and social networks development and, its outcomes for protégés are performance improvement, career development, life satisfaction, and personal skill improvement and low turnover rate.

Based on the research findings, managers use of informal learning practices in order to develop competencies and improve their performance. However, these concerns have not been studied so far in the Iranian business environment. The aim of this study is to identify informal learning methods of human resource managers. After a three-stage coding have been identified seven categories and twenty-one learning methods of HR managers in large organizations. To prioritizing Learning methods of human resource managers, 301 questionnaires were distributed and collected. The results of Friedman test show that the method of learning through interaction with consultants, experts, and human resource managers, learning through dialogue with the experienced teacher and learning by reading books, articles and scientific resources and learning from Working failures have higher priority among HR managers.