golmorad moradi

The purpose of this article is survey of Sociological factors affecting to tattoo in Kermanshah. The research method is descriptive with emphasis of survey and data-collecting instrument is structured questionnaires. Statistical society is all men 15 years and over in Kermanshah at least once to have a tattoo is. 350 persons were selected using formula Cochran sampling data was collected through snowball sampling. To calculate the validity of face validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to estimate the reliability of the technique. Using SPSS software using statistical techniques appropriate to the assessed variables were analyzed. Results show that self-esteem, deprivation sense, tendency to disguise, religious tendency have been significant relationship with tattoo. The results of the compare means show that marital status, modeling, social class and education level have a significant impact on tattoo.

The main goal of this study is to examine the causes of not paying enough attention to the beliefs and religious values among the high school students in Kermanshah. This is a descriptive survey carried out by structured questionnaires. The statistical society includes all of high school students in Kermanshah in 90-91 whose total number has been 181796 in the years of 90-91. By using Morgan’s sampling table and after making sure of the total number, an example size of 384 members was reached. To assess the reliability of measurement, face validity and alpha coefficients were utilized and to test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis of variance were employed. Multiple regressions were used to assess the research model. The results of the study showed that gender, education, mother’s education, the job situation, their habitation, the relative deprivation, the secular degree, the religious laxity, the friend’s impression, religious socialization and religious understanding influence the religiosity degree. But the birthplace, age, and using mass media has no influence on it. The model of religious regression and analysis show that it has progressed six steps. The comprised variables of religious socialization, religious laxity, secularity, relative deprivation, birthplace, multiple, cohesive (R) show the dependent variable of 0/56.

The purpose of this study was to examine sociological factors affecting the level of street harassment in the city of Kermanshah. The research used descriptive and survey method. Required data collected by a questionnaire was analyzed by SPSS software. The population included all girls and women aged between 15 and 49 years old in Kermanshah that in date of study (2015) and by statistic of 2011 all of them included 20325. Cluster random sampling contributed to choose the sample size. The result of correlation coefficient shows that there is meaningful relationship between the social disorganization and religion, influence of friends and the relative deprivation. The result of comparing averages indicates that socioeconomic status, material status and being accompanied with others in the street have a significant effect on street harassment. The result of multivariate regression shows that four variables including the relative deprivation (Beta=.36), influence of friends (Beta=.27), the religion (Beta= .19), and social disorganization (Beta=.17), in order of importance in explaining the dependent variable were entered and all together explained 57% of internal changes in dependent variable.

One of the main issues of sociological region is the responsibility youth’s to continue the social, cohesive relations in the society. The main goal of essay is to measure the relations between using mass media and responsibility youth’s in Kermanshah. The theoretical form is based on the social psychology. The social responsibility is based on the start measure, Lickert 5 degree. The mass media is based on the electronically media. Methodology of the paper is based on survey, and through questionnaire data has been collected. The statistical society includes all of young people in Kermanshah, they are about 360450 persons, and they were randomly chosen 400 persons. The data was gathered by questionnaire SPSS Microsoft in the windows. We applied facial validity for the evaluation of questions, Cronbach’s alpha for the reliability of questions, and Pearson’s correlation statistical method for examining the hypotheses. The results from coefficient of correlation show that there is meaningful relation between using (published, electronically) media and the responsibility youth’s. The results of regression analysis shows that the electronically media is move predictable than the published ones due to the responsibility youth’s. It can be said that media plays an important role in make the responsibility youth’s cautious, so much that it change their views. The results showed that there is bilateral relations between using media and the responsibility youth’s.

Nowadays, overweight is considered as a social problem especially among the girls and it has many negative effects. It is necessary to be studied. The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between the Nutrition type, and sport with overweight among the young girls in Kermanshah.
This study was conducted based on survey method. The statistical society includes all of young girls in Kermanshah. Due to the last statistical studies, there were 151430 persons. Sample contained 360 persons based on the Chochran and selected through cluster random sampling. The tools to gather data was the structured questionnaire. The obtained data was analyzed by using SPSS software. In this study, to test the hypotheses the researcher used, correlation coefficient and analysis of variance. Multiple regression were used to assess the research model.
The results showed that factors such as physical activities, Nourishment with mother’s milk, the artificial milk and kind of food are effective among the young girls. This variables can predict overweight respectively, they were entered to regression model and explained 43 percent of overweight variable variance.
We can decreese the overweight problem with systematic planning use of sporting activities, regulatiing the plan of health nutrition and decreese of fast food consumption. This program is conceivable with support of cultural planning and knowledge of people.

Primarily there are two types of deterrent for the prevention, occurrence and prevalence of crime, formal and informal, each of which has its own consequences. This study examined the relationship between informal deterrents and the prevalence of social crimes in the city of Kermanshah. This study is of a descriptive and survey research type and the data collection tools were questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population of the study includes all the 18 or more than 18-year-old citizens in Kermanshah city. 300 participants were selected using cluster sampling method. The data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire(α=.85) and analyzed via correlational tests and comparing means.Findings and The research showed that, in general, there is a significant relationship between social capital and crime and this relationship is significant in the dimensions of participation, security, social belonging, responsibility and the rate of abnormality and crime prevalence, but it is not significant in the dimensions of support, trust, ethics, and the rule of law.Among the social abnormalities in Kermanshah personal vehicle theft rate is higher than other offenses. Illicit relationship, mass conflict, beaten by unknown persons, smuggling and crash are in the next rankings.

This paper tries to study the relationship between the leadership of coaches and the satisfaction of sport students at I.A.U of Kermanshah Province. More than 200 sport students and 120 coaches were chosen as sample cases and Alpha Cronbach formula were used here. SPSS 21 Amos 21 were used for analyzing the results. It also shows that there is a significant relationship between the satisfaction and the leadership (r = 0.56) and ordering leadership style shows (r = 0.44). and the other hypotheses were verified according to the statistical analysis.

One of the main concepts that have attracted the attention of sociologists and especially city planners is the measurement of the concept of urban participation. The goal of this study is to reevaluate the construct of urban participation, in order to offer a validated and standard device to the researchers of social sciences. In order to achieve this goal, the research population consisted of all the citizens of the city of Kermanshah of which 400 individuals were selected as the sample via cluster and random sampling. The results of factor analysis showed that the construct of urban participation consisted of four item: economic, social, political, and cultural). The comparative and parsimonious indices showed that CFI or comparative fit index was 0.89, and the comparative parsimonious fit index or PCFI factor was 0.726. Besides the root mean squared error of approximation or RMSEA was 0.069, and normed chi-square or CMIN/Df was 2.91 which altogether showed an improvement of the model. As whole, all gathered data can support the model, and the results also support the theoretical framework. Finally, it can be concluded that the questionnaire of urban participation includes three items (knowledge of participation, tendency to participation and rate of participation) which are useful in social, cultural programs.

A major issue in the area of social studies in contemporary societies is the emergence of collective behaviors among the youth. Collective behaviors can manifest itself in the forms of rebellion، political protest and the like. Such behaviors consist of interrelated، unstructured، and spontaneous collective reactions to a stimulus (Dressler، 1388، p. 456). It is important for social scientists to study and learn about the constituent components of these kinds of behavior. Therefore، the main objective of this article is to study the effects of self-alienation in fostering and causing collective behaviorsamong the youth of Kermanshah City. This is a survey study. The research population consisted of all Kermanshah’s youth، aged between 19 to 35، of which 400 individuals were selected via systematic random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect the needed data. KMO value was 0. 91 and that of Bartlett''s test was 7146 which was significant at the %95 level. Alpha coefficient for collective behavior was 0. 85، and for alienation it was 0. 80. Pearson correlation and analysis of variance were used to test the hypotheses. Regression and Covariance analyses were utilized to test the research model. Research findings showed that the different dimensions of alienation were significantly related to collective behavior. The results also indicated that the mean for collective behavior for the dimension of «suitable structural conditions» was 14. 38; for the dimension of «structural strain،» 20. 18; for «accelerating factors،» 17. 83; for «participants'' mobilization،» 16. 61، and for «social control،» 19. 07.

Mortality is one of indicators of socio - economic development and is an important factor in determining population growth. The aim of this study is to investigate the causes and patterns of mortality in Hazrat Vali AsrHospital of Mamasani Nurabad city in 1360 to 1385. After reviewing theprevious studies In this context, the review of the demographic theories related to research topic including: population transition theories, the theory of social and economic development associated with mortality, medical technology development theory and the theory of epidemiology in transitionare infocus. For this study, data from 850 cases of dead people during the 25 years in Vali Asr hospitalbeenanalyzed. Analysis shows a clear view of the pattern of mortality and changes during the years 1360 to 1385. The descriptive results of present study is about the causes of mortality during the years 1360 to 1385 and compare it, to the extent is consistent with epidemiology Omran theory. According to our evaluation, infectious and parasitic diseases decreasedin 1385compared to1360. In fact, during the past 25 years, with the development of medical and public health conditions, infectious and parasitic diseases, thatspreadinpoorand unfavorable conditions of health, reduced. The final results of this study show that epidemiology changes has become of the infectious and parasitic diseases to chronic diseases.

The development of every society and every country is up to the staff in the organizations. Nowadays, most of staff are accused of keeping cold shoulder to responsibilities. Companies producing chemical products, for example, dig their waste material on the environment. Others do not use recycled materials in order to decrease expenses. They may decrease the salaries in the least. Such companies have either positive or negative effects on the modern societies. This study is intended to investigate staff's responsibility and the affective factors in Kermanshah's Oil Company. These people can be logically affective when interconnecting with each other at high level. Studies show that those who can’t accept the internal process of organization well, they will not trust the organization (Walker, 2009: 50), and the individual responsibility will not be conveyed well (Pitts, 2010: 11), and people will not like their jobs (Mitus, 2006: 14), and will not follow their goals in the organization (Walker, 2009: 50). The negative results including disorder, leaving job, absence, and less functional as a whole, will lead to non-functional job in the organization. The socialized organization is an affective factor whose impact has been approved by experts. The socialized organization is a process by which a person learns values, orders, and behaviors that let him be a member of the organization in sharing issues (Pitts, 2010: 11). Experts have examined it from various aspects. Turner’s collective, social responsibility includes logical, friendly, and moral behavior in the job, market and society (Turner, 2004: 5). Memery et al. call it security and improvement in quality of life. (Memery et al, 2005: 399). Sherman et al. considers it as a moral behaviors for social organizations in a wider concept (Sherman et al, 1386: 39). Fredrick knows it as an application of sources for wider, social goals (Falck and Heblich, 2007: 247). Wentzel defines it as a respect for other’s rights, individual competition and moral development (Wentzel, 1991: 2). Mc Aulay knows it as an ability to respond to humans, including being content with responsibility, the group and self values (Mc Aulay, 1996: 225). Juscius and Snieska know it as a dialectical relationship between commerce and society and the roles to improve social relations (Juscius & Snieska, 2008: 35). Castka and Balzarova, consider it as moral responsibility for behaviors oriented towards improving people’s life and their families to improve society (Castka & Balzarova, 2007: 276). Ford also knows it as following social rules to provide people’s expectations (Ford, 1985: 325). Some scientists have also considered social responsibility as commercial sings (Klein & Dawar, 2004: 206), examination of stocks (Lichtenstin et al, 2004: 18), the recognition of customer based companies (Sen & Bhattacharya, 2001: 228), and the customer’s behaviors and their organizational views (Barone et al, 2000: 250). Having said all that, the general goal of this study is to examine the effect of socialized organ on staff’s social responsibility in Kermanshah Oil Company. This Study is descriptive. The means of gathering data is interview and questionnaire. The statistical society is all staff of Kermanshah Oil organization, whose number was 1294 in 1391. Regarding the fact that Kermanshah Oil Company includes three branches: oil products, oil refinement, and pipe lines, the staff were also different: 365 individuals belonged to oil products, 225 staff belonged to pipe lines, and 704 belonged to refinery. Lin table has been used for choosing cases for the sample. Overall, 400 individuals were randomly selected to represent the whole research population.Discussion of Results & The results show that socialized, instructional organization has a meaningful relationship with social responsibility, including its different dimensions as logical (r= 0.32), economic r= 0.23, moral (r = 0.22), and friendly (r= 0.23). The results also show that the socialized, convenient organization has a meaningful relationship with social responsibility in logical aspect r= 0.105, economic r= 0.064, moral r= 0.201, and friendly r= 0.184. The results show that the socialized, supporting organization has a meaningful relationship with social responsibility in logical r= 0.315, economic r= 0.064, moral r= 0.178, and friendly r= 0.278, aspects. The results also show that the socialized organization of future view has a meaningful relationship with social responsibility in logical r= 0.199, economic r= 0.150, moral r= 0.042, and friendly r= 0.094 aspects. These results are aligned with studies of Lovhoren (2009) Pites (2010), Mitus (2006) and others.In conclusion, we need to think and to move in order to plan and to provide for social principles of organizations in different aspects. Every organization should trust the goals, system of values, economic conditions, and socio-cultural values. On the other hand, every organization should consider that good function has positive effects on others. Social responsibility should be voluntary, it could be a program to overcome corruption in the society.

This research attempts to examine the role of Socio-economic factors in establishing collective behavior of the youth in Boshehr based on Smelser' s structural theory. Smelser in one of the most well-known sociologists in collective behavior studies who explains these behaviors in the framework of social structuralism. This research conducted on survey method. 383 persons selected through systematic random sampling. The face and construct validity have been used to verify the validity and the Alpha coefficients to assess the reliability of the measurement. Pearson correlation, analysis of variance and regression analysis were used to verify hypothesis and the research model. According to the result, a significant correlation was found between age(r=- 0/11), income (r= 0/10) and relative deprivation(r=0/75) in establishing collective behavior. Through the regression coefficients, relative deprivation, marital statues, sex, household situation and job situation explained 47 percent of dependent variable variance.

In order to identify the mental state of prisoners, the present study examines factors associated with mental health of prison inmates is Ilam. Required information was collected through a questionnaire which was distributed among 343 prisoners who were selected by quota sampling method.Research findings indicate that the mean of mental health scores for subjects is. 83.17, which is below the appropriate level of mental health.. mental health variable was divided into its constituent components, namely, physical (mean score 20.65), anxiety (mean score 21.71), depression (mean score 20.79) and social functioning (mean score 20.11). Also, based on research resultsthere is significant relationships between variables such as amount of social capital (r = 0.134), religious orientation (r =0.102), sentence length (r=-0.18), amount of aggression (r= -0.38), social alienation (r= -0.28), duration of detention (r=0.15), rate of relative deprivation (r=0.15)and coping with stress (r=0.223) with dependent variable (mental health).. Regression analysis showed that variables of alienation, relative deprivation, aggression, and social capital, are respectively impoerant in explaining the dependent variable. Overlal, they explain52% of the variance of the dependent variable.

The main goal of this reseach is investigation of the role of acculturation and social networks of immigrants in destination with their mental health. The research method is survey and structured questionnaire utilized as the tool. Population was the immigrants of Tabbas. The sample under study was 200 immigrants which selected by proportional cluster sampling. For measuring mental health Likert scale with 28 items WHO and for measuring of acculturation by Berry acculturation scale has been used. To achieve validity, formal validity utilized, and Cronbach’s Alpha was used for reliability of the tool. Statistical techniques were compare mean, correlation coefficient and test of research model propelled by multiple regression and path analysis. It is seems that there are significant relationships between independent variables such as acculturation, social networks, demographic variables and dependent variable such as mental health of immigrants. According to the results, there are significant relationship between educations, age, and time of reside, social networks in destination and acculturation rate effect migration s and mental health. According to regression coefficients social networks in destination, acculturation, ethnicity, sexual and employment status entered to regression model and explained 58 percent of dependent variable variance.

This article of focused on data mining, which is very complex to recognize the correct, new models which are potentially useful in data, hence they will be useful, and acceptable for all humans. Data mining is also called the exploration of knowledge, is the process of data analysis in the different aspect to summarize them into the suitable information, which is able to increase profits and to decrease the expenses. This article is based on documents (library method) and information. It is necessary to say that the present data is also used to develop the information, but, as whole, the dominant methodology is descriptive librarian. In the present article, there is a abstract of the statistical methods and data mining which are limited to users, the process of data mining and other limitations.

Political Participation is one of the main discussions in political sociology and political development in all countries. It is considered as an aspect of political development that can also support the political organizations to achieve democracy. In fact, the degree of political participation is a mean to know whether governments are logical or not. The main goal of this study is to examine social-psychological causes influencing political participation of Isfahan University teachers. The factor of political tendency and membership in organs are based on Huntington’s and Nelson’s Views. They considered social superiority and a person’s capability on a person’s tendency on political participation. They believed that if a person tends to be a member of group and councils, they will perform political participation more. On the other hand, there are other factors such as age, education, earning, race, tribe, religion which are based on Budwell’s View. It is necessary that some factors such as media and political effects are based on Olson’s theory. First hypothesis: There are some relations between demographic factors (people’s age, sex, single / marriage, member in organs) and political Participation. Second hypothesis: There are some relations between political environment and political Participation. Third hypothesis: There are some relations between individualism and political Participation. Fourth hypothesis: There are some relations between political knowledge and political Participation. Fifth hypothesis: There are some relations between collective media and political Participation. Sixth hypothesis: There are some relations between political tendency and political Participation. Seventh hypothesis: There are some relations between political effects and political Participation. Eighth hypothesis: There are some relations between relative abandonment and political Participation. Ninety hypothesis: There are some relations between sense at political powerless and political Participation. Sense at political powerless and political Participation. Matherial & Methodology of this study has done on quantity based on examination. Data is collected by questionnaire. The statistical society were teachers in Isfahan university based on the last statistics of Instruction Organ in 1388-89 among 511 teachers. They have chosen by these factors including: Isfahan University itself which is large, it contains a great amount of teachers and scholars in internal and external, political movements. The second, it is easy to political movements. The second, it is easy to access teachers to gather data fine by researchers in Foresaid University. It is necessary that University teachers are more realism than other common people; they can teach us the dominant realities on political environment in the University. In order to collect example, Cooker an formula has been used, they were 119, which were added also to 120. They have chosen randomly in the systematic system. The main factors are examined in the following ways: The dependant factors of same study are political Participation. They constitute: political decision, choice of leaders (vote), revolution, coup d’état, scholar councils, lecture sessions and political debate, general crowds, walking, vote, crowds, Participation in informal political discussions (among family members, family, friends or office), member in groups, accessing political post in the offices. There were 11 points which were examined by Likert 5 degree. The choice of 2 is absolutely opposite, and 5 is absolutely agree. There were 6 items in political knowledge, and 7 in political environment, 11 in individualism, 7 in political tendency, 9 in political effects, and 12 in relative abandonment which were based on Likert 5 degree, Discussion of Results & According to this study, there is meaningful relation between collective, media factors (r=0.53), political knowledge (r=0.27), political environment (r=0.77), political effects (r=0.37), political tendency (r=0.28), relative abandonment (r=-0.24), political sense of powerless (r=0.28) and political Participation. The results show that collective media has the mast meaningful relations to dependant factor. The results of multi-level Regression show that there is direct dependence between collective media factors (Beta= 0.31), political environment (Beta= 0.29), political knowledge (0.15), relative abandonment (Beta= 0.18), political effect (Beta= 0.22) and political tendency (Beta= 0.17). As whole, these factors can assign the dependant factors (R2= 0.39). Data of political Participation among University teachers show that middle of political Participation in 50/48 for every person in the study which is high comparing the range of marks (55 to 11). It shows high Participation among University teachers. The results of previous studies and theoretical studies show that political Participation of University teachers are based on changeable, different factors. The results show if feeling of political, lack self-confidence in political powerless, people’s relative abandonment will increase, such factors can decrease social, political Participation, of University teachers. The results show that political tendency of those who have answered, political knowledge, application of collective media and political environment can influence University teachers to increase political Participation. The results of same study and Moradi et al (2009) were based on meaningful membrane in organs, were aligned with the studies of Dianati (2003) about political knowledge, but it was not aligned with Chaboki (2003) about sex. It is necessary that it was aligned with Kavoosi’s studies (2007) about psychology such as political tendency. Besides, one of factors which has influenced on political Participation meaningfully but it is contrary is sense of political powerless. The results show, if a person feels political powerless more, he will accompany in the political trends less. It is aligned with Hashemi’s studies et al (2009). The results of study about political Participation of University teachers are aligned relatively with Milbrat and Goel’s political tendency and political Participation. Milbrat and Goel emphasize that if a person was influenced on political tendency more (including political discussions, membrane in organs and political information) he will also accompany in politics more. For them, political environment is also important in political Participation, hence political culture may accelerate Participation councils, or vice versa it may not There for, the principles of play such as rote rights, rote frequency, political agents, the views to street crowds, political movements, pressure groups are the main factors. Besides, the results of study about political Participation of University teachers are based on Vakari’s and Olson’s views which are agreeable. Vakari believes collective media plays key and influencing roles in voting and political Participation. For him, collective media is located in the center political issues; it can call people to accompany in politics to increase political Participation. Media is the pulse of power, because people who access it are able to influence others. For Olson, the effect of politics is based on change, and revolution of politics range. When people accompany in a choice more, they will deserve their choices and effects.

Marriage age is one of the important indexes to the mental and physical health evaluation in the society. The aim of this study is the knowledge of socio-economic factors related to increase of marriage age in Kermanshah City. The research is descriptive with questionnaire the age in age range is 25-39 in Kermanshah. 380 individuals were selected via Chocran cluster random sampling. The results were analyzed, through Face, criterion and construct validity have been used to verify the validity and alpha coefficients to assess the reliability of the measurement. The Pearson correlation, analysis of variance and regression were used to verify hypothesis and the research model. According to the results, (sexual equality (r=0.48), education (r=-0.32), style of Autocratic birth upbringing (r=0.235), style of democratic birth upbringing (r=-0.44), Expectancy (r=0.30), parent Stricture (r=0.414), joy of single (0.269) and the use of medicine (r= 0.149)).According to regression coefficients, parent Stricture, style of birth upbringing, sexual Inequality, Settlement situated and self-esteem entered into regression model explained (48 percent) of dependent variable variance.

This research tries to study the role of sociological factors affecting young girls’ use of make-up tools. The study has been conducted through survey method and the data has been collected by questionnaire. The statistical population was 784 girl students from Islam Abad Gharb Azad University, 400 of whom were selected by simple random sampling to be studied. The findings reveal that there is a significant relationship between variables of attention seeking, individuation, modernism, religious orientation and parents’ level of education have a significant relationship with using cosmetics. The results of regression coefficient show that six variables of attention seeking, individuation, modernism, income, job status, marital status, have been entered into the equation respectively based on their importance in explaining the dependant variables, and explain total amount of 51% of variance of the dependant variables.

Continuation of students political participation is one of the most important problems for Iran Islamic Republic System in forth decade of its political age. It seems that one of the influential factors to students’ political participation is type of their political culture
several factors play role in formation of political culture, social investment is one of the most important of them. So according to this background, original base of the present study, address relation between social investment and students’ political culture in Iran
 Methodology of the paper is based on survey, and through questionnaire data has been collected. Statistical population is MA students at the University of Isfahan. 120 students have been selected through systematic random for the study. We applied facial validity for the evaluation of questions, Cronbach’s alpha for the reliability of questions, and Pearson’s correlation statistical method for examining the hypotheses. result show that There is a meaningful relationship between social integration and limited political culture(r=-0.38), participation political culture (0.42), Subject political culture (r=-0.16), and There is a meaningful relationship between social security and limited political culture(r=-0.19), participation political culture (0.29 Subject political culture (r=-0.14), and There is a meaningful relationship between social security and limited political culture(r=-0.25), participation political culture (0.56), depended political culture (r=-0.16). The result show that every measure of social investment exceeds the political culture in limited and conditioned dimensions goes down and in participation dimension goes up. It can be said that there is a significant and inverse relationship between social investment and limited and Subject political culture and there is significant and direct relationship between social investment and political participatory culture.

This paper aims to investigate the role of relative deprivation in the formation of collective behavior among the young in Kermanshah based on Blumer’s interactionism theory. He is one of the outstanding figures concerning studies done about collective behavior in the field of sociology. He believed that collective behavior develops through five stages: social motivation, formation of connective behaviors, commitment to integrity, ideology, and operational tactics. The instrument used in the present study is a questionnaire. The population of the study includes people from 19 to 35 years old in Kermanshah. Through systematic random sampling, 400 people were chosen. The construct and face validity of the present questionnaire have been tested and the reliability is ensured through Cronbach’s Alpha. The statistical methods used in the study are Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Logistic Regression. The findings of the study show that relative deprivation is a key element in forming collective behavior among the young people. Other factors like value expectations are influential in creating relative limitation and consequentially in forming collective behavior. The results of the study show that elements like relative deprivation, value abilities, and value expectations could predict 51.74 percent of young people’s tendency for participating in collective behaviors.

Nowadays, one of the social problems that have occupied most social science researchers’ mind is insecurity in cities. The expansion of social insecurities, robberies, irresponsible and anti-social behaviors these days have converted to acute from and changed from a social phenomenon to a social problem. These factors not only endanger social security and well-being but also impose huge financial costs on tax payers and citizens of these cities. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the role of People Participation in reducing Urban Insecurity in Kermanshah. The method of the study is survey and the instrument is a questionnaire. 384 participants were chosen through systematic randomization. Validity of the results was ensured using criterion and face validity, and its reliability was checked by the Alpha Cronbach and the Pearson coefficient. Based on the research findings the amount of cultural promotion (r=.17), having an urban origin (r=.74), subjective participation (r=.34) and objective participation (r=.39) have a positive and meaningful relationship with reducing insecurity in cities. According to regression coefficients having an urban origin (Beta=.47), objective participation (Beta=.37), subjective participation (Beta=.23), gender (Beta=.18) and the amount of cultural promotion (Beta=.21) entered to regression model and explained 55 percent of variance observed in the dependent variables (.55).

Today, Problems such as poverty, failure in education, unsuitable living milieu, high degree of insecurity in society including violence and collisions, and misfortunes in personal life such as parent's divorce, losing job and coercive migration are among the factors that severely affect student's health. Based on the concepts presented by the scholars, adaptation to new environment, conformity with the society, participation in civil and collective activities and a feeling of being responsible are considered as the basic characteristics of mental health. This article is intended to study the correlation between social capital and psychic health among students of Tehran and Shiraz universities. In order to measure the social capital, the three indexes of social trust, social support and social participation are utilized the research method is survey, making use of questionnaire. The population under study are students of the universities of Tehran and Shiraz. In order to facilitate and accelerate the research process and to save time and cost, it was inevitable to select 500 samples from the statistical population, making use of line table and the systematic randomization method. In this research, a Cranach is made use of for reliability, and external validity for safety of the validity of the questionnaire. For testing the hypotheses, the statistical methods of coefficient of correlative and variance analysis are utilized. Moreover, for measuring the research model, the Discriminate Analysis technique is utilized. The data marks that social participation as an index of social capital has the most significant correlation with the psychic health among the students from the two universities. While the index of social support among the students of Shiraz University has been higher than that among the students of TehranUniversity, the index of social trust among the students of Tehran University has been higher than that among the students of Tehran University. Research findings also show a significant correlation between the variables of job, marital status and gender and psychic health. Results of the research emphasize on interaction trust, financial, mental-social support, self-esteem, family network and the participation in the host society, to maintain their mental health. The results of this study show that students with high level of social capital would be more likely to enjoy mental health and adapt to the new cultural situation. Berry has also addressed the role of social capital and the existence of supportive networks in facilitating acculturation. He believes that higher social capital cause higher levels of mental health and quality of life.

Security as a basic need for the members of society is in mutual relation to economic, social and cultural factors. Today, this is of such importance in the progress of every society that it is considered as the prerequisite to any kind of development. Social security has been defined as a complex – emotional – concept which is essential for protecting social groups and giving them the opportunities and facilities to obtain their intended goals. The main aim of this paper is to study family violence and its effects on social security in society with emphasis on the city of Sanandaj. The theoretical framework adopted in this article derives from theories of interactionism, social learning and gender discrimination. The research method in this paper was survey method and the data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed by means of SPSS software. The data were analyzed on descriptive and explanatory levels (Pearson coefficient, T and F tests, and multiple regression). The results indicated that three variables, namely family violence (Beta= - 0.234) religious attitudes (Beta = 0.18) and masulinistic attitudes (Beta = -0.17) have entered the regression equation in the order of their importance in determining the variance of the dependent variable. Overall, these three variables could account for %42 of the variance of the dependent variable (R² = 0.42

It has long been assumed that there is a positive relationship between religious orientation and mental health. Recently, this has been supported by experimental evidence provided by psychologists of religion. In this paper, the aim of the writers is provide further support by studying the relationship between the degree of religious orientation of immigrants and their mental health, using Alport and Ross model. The findings of the study confirm the relationship. Based on the findings, there is a significant relationship between the variables educational background (r= 0.28), age (r= 0.21), income (r= 0.58), duration of residence (r=0.33) with the mental health of immigrants. The results of the multi-variable regression show that the dependent variable is directly influenced by the variables religious orientation, education, sex, age and inner-religious orientation, and that these variables, in proportion to the degree to which they have accounted for the variable mental health, have entered the regression equation, explaining 72% of the changes of the variable. (R2= 0.72)