فهرست مطالب h. rezaei

Hybrid switch reluctance motors are the family of switch reluctance motors (SRMs) that attenuate the magnetic saturation and increase the air gap magnetic flux by exploiting permanent magnets. The permanent magnet auxiliary air gap flux can affect the average torque and ripple. Commonly, the torque ripples reduction comes with the average torque drop. In this paper, the torque ripple reduction and average torque improvement are achieved for a 6/10 pole hybrid switch reluctance motor by inserting two symmetrical notches on its rotor. Also, the lengths of magnet and rectangular notches are optimized by the finite element method and sensitivity analysis. The comparison of the optimized design with the initial one carried out by finite element proves the efficiency of the proposed model.

Psychosomatic complaints are symptoms that appear in the human body, but are rooted in the psychological processes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the three psychological factors such as self-compassion, resilience and difficulty in emotional regulation with psychosomatic complaints.

In the present descriptive-analytical study, the population of study were medical students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences studying in 2017-2018. There were 267 participants who entered the study as convenience sampling. Neff's self-compassion questionnaire, Connor and Davidson's resilience scale, Gratz's and Roemer's difficulty in emotional regulation scale, and Takata's and Sakata's a psychosomatic complaints scale were used to collect information. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, independent t test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis.

The mean and standard deviation of psychosomatic symptoms among students was 27.14 ± 14.30. The mean of psychosomatic complaints had an inverse and significant relationship with self-compassion and resilience (r = -0.41 and r = -0.28 and p<0.01) and had a significant direct relationship with difficulty in regulating emotions (r = 0.51 and p<0.01).

The three variables of self-compassion, resilience and difficulty in emotional regulation have a moderate correlation with the severity of psychosomatic symptoms, and among them, the highest correlation was related to the variable of difficulty in emotional regulation. It is suggested to train medical students to increase self-compassion, resilience, and learn emotion management skills.

Concept map is one of the effective methods in the evolution of medical education, which leads to the development of problem-solving learning, group skills and creativity, and is one of the important components of creativity in people with divergent thinking. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of drawing and implementing a map. It was a concept of group method with computer on divergent thinking of nursing students.

The present study was experimental in the form of pre-intervention and post-intervention with a control group conducted in 2017. One hundred and two participants from third to sixth semester nursing students participated in the present study. Using the random allocation method, 51 participants were assigned to the intervention group and 51 people to the comparison group. The intervention plan of drawing and presenting a concept map for adult/elderly nursing lessons 1, 2 and 3 based on the announced content of the approved title of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education was carried out in a group method using Mind Mapper software during 7 sessions of 90 minutes. Peter Hani's questionnaire was used to measure students' divergent thinking.

The mean and standard deviation of divergent thinking scores of students in the intervention group were before (5.68±1.22), after (8.23±1.35) and one month (8.70±1.18) after the intervention. The mean and standard deviation of students' divergent thinking scores in the control group were before (3.41±0.66), after (3.41±0.66) and one month (3.33±0.62) after the intervention. There was a significance between the intervention and control groups in terms of divergent thinking (p<0.001).

The average of divergent thinking score of the students in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group, which shows the positive effect of drawing and implementing a concept map in a group method with the computer, so it is suggested to use this student-centered method in the teaching and learning process in higher education program.
Key words: concept map, computer, convergent thinking, nursing

Since important organs of brain-dead patients can be transplanted to patients in need, this study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the youth of Ivan to receive an organ donation card.
Materials &

This randomized clinical trial was performed on 80 people (40 people in each of the intervention and control groups). Samples were selected by two-stage random cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed by SPSS version 26 at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean age in the intervention and control groups was respectively 24.90±2.56 and 24.03±2.55 years. In both groups, 50% of the people were women. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of education level. The mean scores of the structures of the planned behavior theory (attitude, mental norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention) before the educational intervention in the intervention and control groups were not significantly different. After the educational intervention, the mean score of the structures of the planned behavior theory, including attitude (47.02±2.18 vs. 38.05±6.28), mental norm (17.47±2.03 vs. 13.42±2.38), perceived behavioral control (19.20±1.45 vs. 15.17±3.78), and behavioral intention (9.62±0.74 vs. 6.97±2.05) increased significantly in the intervention group (p<0.001) but in the control group, none of the structures had a significant improvement (p>0.05).

Training based on the theory of planned behavior led to a significant increase in its structures to receive an organ donation card in young people.

Due to the disadvantages of using chemical materials as pretreatment before grape drying, the application of non-chemical methods that not only take the environmental issues into account but also increase the drying rate and improve the quality of the produced raisins is vitally important. The high-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB) is one of the non-chemical methods that can be used as a suitable alternative for chemical pretreatment in grape drying. In this research, the design, construction, and evaluation of a high-humidity hot air impingement blanching system are discussed in terms of the drying kinetics of white seedless grapes. The results are compared against the control and chemical pretreatment.

High-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB) system
The HHAIB system is composed of the steam generator, steam transfer pipes, side channel pump, closing and opening valves, air recycling channel, electric air heater, hot-humid air transfer channel, pretreatment chamber, hot-humid air distribution chamber, nozzles, temperature and humidity sensors and controllers. The performance of the system depends on the humid air temperature, the output fluid velocity from the nozzle, the distance of the nozzles from the product surface, as well as the diameter and arrangement of the nozzles. In order to achieve optimal design of the nozzle array, the relationships existed for the heat transfer coefficient, air mass flow, and blowing power were considered.Application of the HHAIB pretreatment and evaluation of its effect on the grape drying processExperiments were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and duration of HHAIB pretreatment on the kinetics of grape drying. A two-factor completely randomized factorial design with three replications was used to analyze the data.According to the studies, the air at temperatures of 90, 100, and 110°C, a velocity of 10 m s-1, and relative humidity in the range of 40-45% was applied to the product. Pretreatment durations of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 s were also considered. Experiments were conducted with three replicates and control treatment and acid pretreatment were used to compare the drying process. Due to the high quality of shade-dried raisins, this method was used to study the process.The effect of the pretreatment duration on the drying kinetics of white seedless grapes was assessed by observing variations in moisture ratio and drying rate over time, as well as determining the effective diffusivity of water.For the color evaluation of the produced raisins, chroma (C), hue angle H°, and total color difference (ΔE) parameters were calculated after measuring L*, a*, and b* values.

The comparison of the drying process among the control, chemical, and HHAIB showed the positive efficacy of HHAIB on the drying rate of grapes. Compared to fresh grapes, the increase in drying rate under the influence of HHAIB varied from 8% for a duration of 30 s at 90°C to 68% for a duration of 150 s at 110°C. The values of the diffusion coefficient of grapes for the HHAIB pretreatment at temperatures of 90, 100, and 110°C and durations of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 s, as well as for the control and chemical pretreatments were determined. The values of the coefficient changed from 2.28×10-10 m2 s-1 for 30 s of applying pretreatment at 90°C to 3.53×10-10 m2 s-1 for 150 s of applying the pretreatment at 110°C. The highest value of this coefficient (7.46×10-10 m2 s-1) was associated with the chemical pretreatment. The value of the diffusion coefficient increased with increasing temperature and duration of the HHAIB pretreatment. In general, this increase in the drying rate and the diffusion coefficient can be attributed to the effect of the HHAIB pretreatment on the texture and destruction of the cell wall, as well as the microcracks created on the skin of the grapes. Moreover, the findings reveal that, in comparison with the hot air temperature, the duration of the HHAIB pretreatment was more effective in enhancing the drying rate. Additionally, based on the color analysis, a temperature of 110°C and a duration range of 90-150 s were achieved as suitable conditions for applying pretreatment.

The HHAIB pretreatment, which combines the benefits of hot air blanching with jet technology, affects the texture and skin of grapes, accelerates the drying process, and increases the quality of the produced raisins. However, the correct application of this pretreatment depends on the proper design of the system and appropriate conditions, including duration, temperature, and relative humidity. The results of drying kinetics showed that the drying rate increased with an increase in the temperature and duration of the pretreatment. The findings indicate that the HHAIB pretreatment could improve the color indices of the raisins, resulting in an increase in the drying rate and acceptable quality of the final product. This provides a basis for the use of HHAIB on larger and industrial scales.

Penetrating trauma to thoracoabdominal area can cause diaphragmatic injury. Diagnostic Laparoscopy is an acceptable method for evaluating the diaphragmatic injuries. Due to insertion sites of ports in classic diagnostic laparoscopy, evaluation of diaphragm behind liver and spleen needs more experience. In patients with suspicious to diaphragmatic injury and according to available facilities in our centers, we suggest that in unilateral injuries instead of contralateral midclavicular 5mm port, insert a 5mm port in subxyphoid area. In bilateral injuries, if enough exposure doesn’t achieve, we can add a 5mm port in subxiphoid area. In bilateral injuries, if enough exposure doesn’t achieve, we can add a 5mm port in subxiphoid area. In absence of 30 degrees cameras, use of 10mm port in subxiphoid can give surgeons better exposure of diaphragm with zero-degree cameras.

Peer-to-peer learning is an educational method. Many studies have been conducted on peer-assisted learning, but it is not clear how many medical schools use different forms of peer-assisted learning and what the model and characteristics of peer-assisted learning were in their study. Because no study has comprehensively explained the characteristics of peer-assisted learning. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and explain the characteristics of learning with the help of peers.

The present qualitative study was conducted using the contractual content analysis method in 2021. First, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 5 medical education expert faculty members who were purposefully selected, and external and internal research conducted on peer-assisted teaching was collected, and the characteristics of peer-assisted teaching were collected from interviews and articles with the help of the technique. Qualitative content analysis was extracted. Interviews were entered into Max Kyuda version 10 software and data analysis was done using Granheim's content analysis method.

The findings included one main class, 13 sub-classes and 92 extracted codes, the sub-classes included peer characteristics, the person providing training or receiving peer training, how to provide training to peers or receive training from peers, planning for training with the help of Peers, evaluation of training provided by peers, supervision of providing or receiving training from peers, applicant for providing or receiving training from peers, place of providing or receiving training from peers, subject of providing or receiving training from peers, having an educational design, respecting rights The material and spiritual of peers, the conscious consent of peers, were the benefits of using peers.

The characteristics of peer-assisted learning extracted in the present project may help to create a questionnaire to investigate the status of peer-assisted learning, especially among medical students in teaching hospitals.

Evaluation of training courses has an effective role to prevent wastage of resources and improve the quality of work. So far, the evaluation of the short-term electronic training course for medical students to prepare for the clinical competency exams of the general medicine course has not been done. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the electronic training course for medical students to prepare for the clinical competency exams.

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2020-2021 and Kirkpatrick's model was used to evaluate the course. The statistical population included 69 students in the internship stage, who entered the study. Students' satisfaction was determined by means of a valid and reliable researcher satisfaction form, their learning rate was determined by using 17 tests designed by the academic staff of the university and its validity and reliability were confirmed, their behavior was designed by analyzing the results of the clinical competence test. Its validity was confirmed by preparing a two-dimensional table for the supply and reliability test. The study population was medical students of the internship stage of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by the full number method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation.

The total satisfaction of the course in the first period of the course was 4.03 with a standard deviation of 0.12 and in the second period was 4.11 with a standard deviation of 0.15. A total of 35 students participated in 8 exams in the first course and 34 students participated in 17 exams in the second course. The number of admissions in the first clinical competency test was 15 and in the second clinical competency test was 25.

Students' satisfaction with participating in this course was appropriate and participation in this course increased the acceptance rate of students in the clinical competency test. It is suggested to provide conditions for students of other universities to participate in this course.

A wide range of hosts, especially birds, can be infested with Dermanyssus gallinae (D. gallinae), as an obligate hematophagous mite. In this study, cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene sequences were employed to perform molecular and phylogenetic analyses of D. gallinae collected from different bird species in Iran. Adult mites were collected from the body surface and cage material of ornamental and wild birds in industrial farms located in the Western and Northwestern regions of Iran. The infestation was identified in layer poultry farming by inspecting the eggs and the whole surfaces of the birds' bodies. The holding area and body surface of the ornamental and wild birds were also thoroughly examined. The D. gallinae samples were assigned to two subgroups of haplogroup A (i.e., A1 and A2). The phylogenetic tree suggested that the D. gallinae samples collected from wild birds in the A1 sub-haplogroup should be placed beside Japanese, Norwegian, Italian, and French samples isolated from wild birds in the A2 sub-haplogroup. Additionally, the highest phylogenetic similarity in the A2 sub-group was observed between mites isolated from ornamental and industrial birds in Australia. The findings of the present study suggest that crows and sparrows may play an important role in the transmission of D. gallinae infestation to other species of wild birds due to their high population, as well as their presence in most areas.

Prioritization of optimal water allocation of surface flow storage dams for different applications (drinking, agriculture, industry, environment, etc.) in arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran due to the range of changes, high flow uncertainty Reservoir inlets, and the occurrence of intermittent droughts are of great importance. For this purpose, the Fuzzy Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is proposed and used as a suitable formulation method in prioritizing water allocation in the water resources system. Therefore, in this study, prioritization of water allocation for different purposes of Shahrchai reservoir dam located upstream of Urmia metropolis has been done in a field study using fuzzy hierarchical method.

A fuzzy hierarchical process based on quantitative and qualitative effective factors has been developed. In the first stage, the problem structure was designed by determining the priority of water allocation of users, criteria, sub-criteria, and other factors. Then the decision-making hierarchy based on the problem structure (purpose, criteria, sub-criteria, factors, and options in the first to fifth levels, respectively) was defined. In the mentioned prioritization structure, the goal was determined at the first level, ie the optimal or appropriate allocation of Shahrchay reservoir dam water for different operators, and at the second level, three economic, social and environmental criteria were considered as the main criteria. At the third level, " cultivation area and gross income" and "employment and population" were considered as sub-criteria of two economic and social criteria, respectively. The main beneficiaries, namely agriculture, urban drinking, recreation and tourism, industry, environmental needs of Lake Urmia and groundwater fourth level (options) have formed the problem structure. At the next step, based on the field data or questionnaires, criteria, sub-criteria, and factors were compared in pairs using the proposed linguistic and fuzzy comparisons, and the priority of water consumption over each criterion or sub-criterion or factor were compared based on fuzzy triangular numbers. The weights were determined and ranked each using the Chang development method. At the third stage of the final ranking, the priority of water allocation was determined based on the final weight of criteria or priorities at the previous stage and the superior option was determined. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the weight change of the criteria and the decision-making process of the problem has been performed.

A decision model based on a fuzzy approach is presented to rank the different options using Shahrchay dam water. For this purpose, firstly, using the opinions of experts and researchers, the results of a questionnaire, criteria and sub-criteria and important options in allocating water to Shahrchai Dam were determined. Secondly, using Chang's development analysis, different options were evaluated based on the mentioned criteria, sub-criteria, and factors. From a scientific point of view, because the questionnaires were presented to experts, the economic criterion is a high priority, so it is possible to attach great importance to the general conclusion about the criteria in economic attitudes and related issues. In addition, the allocation of water to the urban drinking sector with a weight of 0.33 was as the top priority, agriculture, Lake Urmia, industry, groundwater, and recreation were in the next priorities, respectively. Therefore, economic criteria and drinking water supply were recognized as the main objectives of planning and managing water resources in the metropolis of Urmia. The drinking sector is a vital factor for the survival of a community and because the drinking water of Urmia city is supplied through Shahrchai dam, so the allocation of water to this sector should be considered as the top priority. The agricultural sector was also given the second priority with less importance. The supply of water to this sector has a significant direct effect on the economy of the agricultural sector and indirectly on the entire economy of the region, which indicates the importance of the agricultural sector in the economy, living conditions of the region and the allocation of water to this sector. Comparing agricultural and industrial activities in Shahrchai catchment area, the most activity in the region is agriculture and industry is in a lower priority, which is also shown by the hierarchical results. Since Shahrchai River is one of the suppliers of water to Lake Urmia, the allocation of water to this section improves the condition of the lake and, consequently, it improves the environmental, economic, and social conditions of the region. The results also indicate the importance of Lake Urmia in relation to industry and its higher status indicates the attention of officials to the drying crisis of the Lake Urmia.

Nowadays, data mining has become significant given the popularity of social networks as well as the emergence of abbreviated words, foreign terms and emoticons in the Persian language. Meanwhile, numerous studies have been conducted to identify the type of words. On the one hand, identifying the role of each word in a sentence is far more important than identifying the type of word in the sentence. On the other hand, the spelling-grammatical similarity of Persian to Arabic has enabled the newly proposed method in this paper to be applied to Arabic. In this paper, we adopted the Hidden Markov Model (MHM) and Tri-gram tagging with the aim of identifying the morphology of composition roles in Persian sentences. Then, a comparison was made between the technique developed in this paper and the Hidden Markov Model, Uni-gram and Bi-gram tagging. The proposed method supports the results obtained by the word role identification through "independent" and "dependent" roles and several factors that have a contribution to the words roles in sentences. In fact, the simulation results show that the average success rates of independent composition roles with MHM and Tri-gram tagging were 20.56% and 17.67% compared to Uni-gram and Bi-gram methods, respectively. Regarding the dependent composition role, there were improvements by 24.67% and 32.62%, respectively.

Tooth occlusion is a common anomaly that is caused by several factors including local and systemic factors. The most common teeth that may be occluded are tertiary permanent teeth, maxillary canines, maxillary and mandibular premolars, and maxillary central incisors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of occlusion of different teeth in patients referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic in Yasuj during 2017-2018

In this retrospective study, 2536 digital panoramic radiographs were studied among patients who were over 14 years old and referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic in Yasuj during the years 2016 to 2017. Patients with a history of trauma, developmental abnormalities, syndromic, pathological problems, and edentulousness were excluded. Radiographs were taken with the VATECH digital panoramic device (pax-i3D). The graphs were examined and a tooth was considered to be occluded, which was prevented from growing normally by a bone or a lateral tooth, as well as a tooth whose occlusal surface was visibly lower than the occlusal surface of adjacent teeth. Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between age and type of impacted teeth and the difference between men and women in terms of impacted teeth.

Out of 2536 patients, the maxillary molar teeth (number=57) were 2.2%, mandibular molar teeth (number = 46) 1.8%, maxillary canine (number=39), 1.5%, maxillary premolars, respectively. Number=8) 30%, canine (number=7) 3% and incisor (number=4) was 4.2%, which had the most impacted teeth related to the maxillary molars and there were no mandibular premolars and mandibular incisors in this study. There was no significant difference between age and sex in terms of latency.

Dental occlusion in Yasuj city is not considered high, and the highest prevalence of occlusion is after maxillary molars, mandibular molars and maxillary canines. Therefore, if the canine teeth do not grow in time, radiography is recommended to examine their occlusion and use appropriate treatment.

Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic protozoan with a worldwide spread. Since this parasite is capable of producing testosterone hormone changes and has an important role in health, in this study we will investigate the immune response and testosterone changes in rats after immunization with Toxoplasma gondii attenuated strain. For this purpose, 21 rats were divided into three groups (each n=7). The first group received the acute strain with low dose and the second group received the attenuated strain and the third group was considered as the control. One month after the immunization, mice were challenged. Blood samples were collected to investigate changes in testosterone and antibodies. One month after challenge, brain and liver tissue samples were taken for pathological examination. The results showed that the antibody response was significantly different in the group injected with the attenuated strain compared to the control group. The attenuated strain was also able to prevent changes in testosterone after challenge, which was significantly different (P≤0.05) from the control group. In pathological findings the least pathogenic changes were observed in the tissues of the group injected with the attenuated strain. Symptoms in this tissue included mild bleeding and low infiltration of multifocal inflammatory mononuclear cells. The results showed that the attenuated strain protected the mice against the pathogenicity and alterations of testosterone induced by challenge with Toxoplasma gondii. The results of this study confirm that the attenuated strain can be considered for further vaccine researches.

Loess deposits are unconsolidated sediments with mainly coarse silt, without stratification with high permeability that are mostly yellow to light brown colour. Golestan Province in northeast of Iran is one of broadest loess area in Iran that connects loesses of middle asia to urasia. In this research, texture characteristics and quantity of silt, sand and clay are compared in 2 methods (sieve- hydrometry and laser diffractometry), in 16 sampling station. Data correlation in particle measurements between sand, silt and clay in these methods are a bit different. There is weak correlation between sieve- hydrometry and laser, in loess sediments of  the study area; except sand, there are very weak correlation between silt and clay that can be realated to different measurement methods. Analysis of hydrometry is based on speed of sediment deposition particles and settling velocity is assumed to be constant, density of particles is considered equal to quartz and particles are considered spherical and smooth. Results shows that the amount of clay particles in hydrometry method are much more than laser method, which is related to different mineralogy of clays. This causes overestimation of platy particles in hydrometry method. Laser particle sizer measures medium particle diameter but sieve shows large particle diameter. This is the reason of different measurements between sand size sediments.

The objective of the investigation was to mathematically correlate the behavior of a supersonic superheated steam flow inside a Laval nozzle, against the decision parameters. The decision parameters are the inlet temperature ranging from 374.3 K to 504.3 K and the inlet pressure from 40050.14 Pa to 133375.7 Pa. Indeed, the outlet temperature, outlet pressure as well as the Mach number are mathematically correlated against the decision parameters. The numerical approach based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is selected to study the behavior of the supersonic superheated steam flow inside the nozzle. By examining the different temperature and pressure conditions of the inlet fluid, it was found that the closest distance from the starting point of condensation to the throat is at the highest pressure and lowest temperature. Conversely, the farthest distance from the starting point of condensation to the throat is at the lowest pressure and highest temperature. In addition, three mathematical correlations were developed. Due to the high accuracy of the mathematical correlations, the efficiency of the predictor models in predicting the outputs was proved.

Ride-hailing is a term to describe booking rides and paying for car services through a smartphone app with a Transportation Network Company. As an innovation in the ride-hailing investigation in Iran, this paper is sought to analyze the influence of individual's demographic characteristics on their travel mode choice between ride-hailing, traditional taxi and private car. For this purpose, questionnaires in six different statuses have been designed, and 414 questionnaires have been completed in 22 districts of Tehran metropolitan region.

To check the utility of choosing private car and traditional taxi compared to ride-hailing, on short, medium, and, long travel distances with commuting and non-commuting purposes in the peak hours of morning and evening, the six multinomial logit models have been done by considering the ride-hailing option as reference alternative, and the private car and traditional taxi options as the first and second `

Initially, six logit models were generated, which fitted models are all appropriate. All of the variables used in these models in choosing private car or traditional taxis compared to ride-hailing in different models were statistically significance. But, gender, household dimension, and individuals' educational level didn’t affect the individual's choice.

The results showed that ride-hailing is more acceptable to younger people, and high-income people attract more to it. Therefore, ride-hailing services can be considered as a wealthy phenomenon and for the young generation. In addition, given the 67% response of individuals incline to use ride-hailing services in a shared way, because of the interest of individuals to use this mode of travel due to its lower cost in some situations, which can be considered as a separate mode of transportation.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy on reducing smoking and increasing student happiness.  

The present study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. From the statistical population of students of the Faculty of Arts, Azad University, Tehran Branch, a sample of 24 people was randomly selected and placed into two groups of 12 people. They were placed in the study and control groups with random assignment. The study group received mindfulness training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Individuals in both groups implemented the Oxford (1989) Happiness Questionnaire and the Fagerstrom (1989) Smoking Questionnaire before and after the intervention, and the collected data were analyzed by the analysis of covariance.  

This study showed that there was a significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of reducing smoking (P = 0.02) and increasing happiness (P = 0.03). But the results did not show a significant difference in the difference between male and female students in reducing smoking and increasing happiness.  

The results of this study showed that the training of mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy has been effective in reducing smoking and increasing students' happiness.

Drought is a natural phenomenon, therefor Drought monitoring and forecasting, especially the precise timing of its onset and duration, is of particular importance in water resources management and planning to mitigate drought effects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, the meteorological droughts in the whole country of Iran using the Joint Deficit Index (JDI) and compared its with SPImod. For this purpose, the monthly precipitation data from 41 meteorological stations in Iran were used in the period of 1971-2017. The results showed that the SPImod index can describe seasonal variations of precipitation which is an advantage for this index. On the other hand, analysis based on the SPImod is sensitive to time scales, as it may present contradictory results in different time scales. To correct these defects the Joint Deficit Index (JDI) can be used. The basis of the JDI index is to create a joint distribution of SPImod indices with time scales of 1 to 12-month using copula functions. The results of the JDI index showed that the number of dry months (JDI <0) in the west, northwest, and some northern provinces were more than other parts of the country. In the next step, the drought characteristics, including severity, duration and the inter-arrival time were extracted from the JDI index time series. The results indicated that the correlation among drought characteristics were more than 0.7. In order to trivariate analysis of drought characteristics, the fitness of nine different copula functions were examined that the Farley- Gamble- Morgenstern copula was specified as the best function for constructing the trivariate distribution.

The surface adsorption of heavy metals in effluents with nanoparticles is today asuitable method for effluents treatment. In the present study, lignocellulose nano-fibers(LCNFs) were used as natural adsorbent for lead adsorption. The aim was to evaluate leadadsorption using adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics. Fourier TransformInfrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) wereemployed to determine the chemical and structural properties of this adsorbent. To studythe adsorption isotherm, two-parameter models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, andDubinin–Radushkevich were compared and three-parameter models of Redlich-Petersonand Sips and maximum correlation coefficient (R2) were selected as the best isothermmodel for lead adsorption, which was obtained for the Langmuir model at 0.9997 and theRedlich-Peterson model at 0.9338. Therefore, the data were consistent with both models butwere better described by the Langmuir model, indicating homogeneity of the adsorbentsurface. In addition, reaction kinetic models, including pseudo-zero-order, pseudo-firstorder, pseudo-second-order and pseudo-third-order as well as the diffusion kinetic modelsincluding intra-particle diffusion and Elovich were investigated for adsorption reaction. Themaximum correlation coefficient (R2=1) was related to the pseudo-second-order model;therefore, the lead adsorption by LCNFs was of a chemical type. The results obtained fromthe calculation of thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy(ΔH◦), and entropy (ΔS◦) respectively showed spontaneity, exothermicity, and increasedirregularities of the reaction. This study showed that LCNF is suitable for the adsorption oflead and as such could be used as a cost-effective adsorbent in the process of industrialwastewater treatment.

Phosphorus (P) is a key element in many biological processes of plants and animals. We aimed to investigate the effect of different salinity levels and Ca:Mg ratios of irrigation water arid lands on soil available P, soluble P, and P absorbed by the pistachio plant. For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment was conducted by sowing the seeds of pistachio in a factorial randomized block design with four soil salinity levels (S1 (6 dS.m-1irrigation water salinity, leaching fraction (LF) = 50), S2, S3, and S4 (9 dS.m-1 irrigation water salinity, LF = 50, 30 and 20, respectively)) and three Ca:Mg ratios (M1, M2, and M3 equal to 1, 0.5, and 0.25, respectively). After harvesting the plants, the amount of soil available P (Po), water-soluble P (Pw), and total P (Pt) at soil depths of 0-5, 5-25, 25-50, and 50-75 cm, and P concentration in the leaves of Pistachio seedlings were measured.The results showed that the salinity of soil saturated extract had no significant effect on Po, Pw, and Pt. The reduction in Ca:Mg ratio increased Po and Pw in soil surface but it did not affect Pt. Increasing salinity from S1 to S2 augmented plant P uptake but at higher salinity levels, P uptake was reduced. The decrease in Ca:Mg ratio had no significant effect on plant P contents.

Dyes in wastewater generate one of the main sources of environmental pollution, and treatment of this pollution is absolutely ncessary for protection of the environment. New economical and environmentally friendly approaches are needed to remove dyes from aqueous solutions. The purpose of this study was to use chitin nanofibers, as a valuable natural material, to remove bromocresol green dye. The effects of effective variables such as pH (2-7), adsorbent dosage (0.25-2.5 gram), initial concentration (0.2-2 mg.l-1), temperature (20-45 °C) and contact time (5-30 min) were investigated for color removal. The results showed that color adsorption is pH dependent and pH=6 was selected as the optimal value. Given that at the concentration of 0.4 mg.l-1, 92.75% of the color was removed, this concentration was chosen as the optimal case. By taking into account the cost of the absorbent, 1.5 gram was selected as the optimal dosage for bromocresol green. A contact time of 10 minutes at 25°C was considered as the best for these two parameters, which indicates the short duration of this treatment. One way anova and Duncan test in Excel and SPSS software indicated a significant effect of the parameters on removal of dye. The results showed that chitin nanofibers have significant influence on the removal and reduction of bromocresol green from aqueous solutions, and thus wastewaters containing other colors. This process can be replicated in diluted wastewater treatments in textile industry without requiring high pressures and temperatures

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silicon and its formulations on biological parameters and Tetranychus urticae sphincter density on five bean cultivars. The research is a laboratory study that was carried out in a factorial design (first factor Bean cultivar and second type of silicone consumed). The tested bean cultivars consist of five varieties of red bean, black bean, white, black and white beans. For the experiment, for each bean variety, 20 pots are considered (totally 100 pots). The silicon compounds used in the experiments include silicone fluid fertilizer, liquid potassium silicate, powder calcium silicate. From each of 20 pots of a bean cultivar, 5 pots were considered as controls, and 5 pots of liquid potassium silicate, 5 pots of powdered calcium silicate and finally on the last 5 pots of liquid fertilizer based on silicon. . Then 10 leaves of each pot are placed in a petri dish and placed on the leaves of 50 equally male and female mats, and the petri dishes are incubated at 25 ± 5 ° C and The relative humidity was 60 ± 10%. Then, in 18 days, the number of adult mites on the back and back of each leaf of each petri and the number of eggs on the back and back of them were counted with anatomical microscope, and the biological parameters and survival percentage of each stage of growth The available varieties of each bean variety were studied under a special silicone composition until the death of the last mite. SPSS-23 software was used for data analysis and Excel charts were used to draw tables charts. The results indicate that the most effective use of silicon and formulations in bean breeding, including siliciculous liquid fertilizer, liquid potassium silicate, powdered calcium silicate, has been shown to decrease the survival or survival ratio and life expectancy and decrease Turning eggs into larvae, and turning larvae into nymphs, and turning nymphs into mites.

In this work, an electrolyte-UNIQUAC model was developed by replacement of Boltzmann weight binary interaction parameters by the nonextensive Tsallis weight. A summation of the long-range electrostatic term (Debye-Huckel equation) and a short-range interaction term were considered in the calculation of thermodynamic properties. A framework proposed by Chen and co-workers was employed for the derivation of the local mole fractions. Application of the nonextensive theory increased the degree of freedom of the present model (T-E-UNIQUAC). Furthermore, the strength of the model lies in its ability to calculate individual activity coefficients of ions. The applicability of the T-E-UNIQUAC model has been tested using aqueous electrolyte solutions and results have been compared with Messnaoui, Chen and Pitzer models.

This research work carried out to investigate the effects of land use type on soil porosity by image analysis of soil thin sections in Karkaj Agriculture Research Station. Experiments were conducted by studying five soil profiles with different covers of apple and coniferous trees, alfalfa, rapeseed and bare land (no cultivation) and 450 TIFF format images from soil thin sections, were prepared by connected camera to microscope and pores were separated from minerals with the compensator Lambda plate. As a factorial trial with completely randomized design (CRD), undisturbed soil blocks were prepared with three replications from horizons of A or Ap, Bw and C and then soil thin sections were prepared and studied with a polarizing microscope. Obtained results indicated that total area of soil pores in apple and coniferous lands were greater than those in the utilized lands for alfalfa, rapeseed and bare one, that it can be related to root system and organic matter. Also maximum frequency of shape characteristics such as pores roundness and solidity observed in coniferous covered land were greater than those in alfalfa, rapeseed and bare lands. In alfalfa, rapeseed and bare lands the fractal dimension of the pore component (Dmp) and solid component (Dms) were significantly decreased and increased respectively. Therefore, the quantitative and statistical results revealed significant effects of the land use types on soil porosity and microstructure.

In present, survey, 140 horses were investigated from Maragheh surrounding Villages. 10 out of all horses were infected by ectoparasites (7.14%) the studied horses were 1 to 12 years old. No skin lesion and sign of particular disease was observed in this survey. Also 99 of the horses were male and 41 of them were female where 7 male horses and 3 female horses were infected (7.07% and 7.31% respectively). Infection has most prevalence in horses older than 8 also the least prevalence was observed in horses which younger than 2 years old. According to findings of Chi square statistical test, there was no significant relation between tick infestation rate considering the age and sex of the animals but there was a significant difference between groups that located in different regions.