h. zarei

The numerical investigation has been performed on the cross-axis-flow lucid spherical turbine. This type of cross-axis flow turbine generates moments through the forces acting on its blade cross-sections. To evaluate its power and performance, a three-dimensional simulation procedure was performed. The experimental results of Bachant and Wosnik have been used to verify the numerical predictions. The spherical lucid model turbine which they examined had 4 blades with NACA 0020 section and 16cm chord length. Drag and power coefficients were used to compare the data for the water inlet velocity 1m/s and different non-dimensional tip-speed-ratio (inlet velocity / linear rotating velocity of the blade). This paper has selected two airfoil sections, NACA 2412 and NACA 64(3)418, to design the turbine blades. The influence of four effective blade parameters, inclusive of profile section type, chord length, number of blades, and blade twist angles, on turbine performance over a wide range of tip speed ratios, is investigated. It can deduce that the power coefficient has increased up to 22% for NACA 2412 compared to the experimental test. Also, the three-bladed turbine possesses the best results among all models. For this model, the power coefficient increased by 12% and 71% for NACA 2412 and NACA 64(3)418 sections, respectively. The twist of the blades increases the power coefficient by 19% and 31% for NACA 2412 and NACA 64(3)418 sections inside the channel respectively. Increasing the blade chord length causes to increase in power coefficient of up to 12% for NACA 2412 section compared to the experimental test.

Non-thermal methods can be used to reduce the adverse effects of conventional thermal pasteurization on food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrasound method regarding the effect of the three variables of ultrasound power (10, 105, and 200 watts), ultrasound temperature (0, 30, and 60 °C), and ultrasound duration (2, 6 and 10 min) on microbial load as well as total phenol content of sour cherry juice. According to the results, the most effective treatment in preserving the quality characteristics and the highest phenol content of all sour cherry juice samples was the pasteurized treatment by ultrasonic method with 10-watt power, 0 °C, and 6 min. It was assumed that by increasing the ultrasound power from 10 to 200 watts, the ultrasound temperature from 0 to 60 °C, and the ultrasound duration from 2 to 10 min, the total microbial count and the populations of coliforms, and mold and yeast decreased significantly (p <0.05) in the pasteurized cherry juice. Ultrasound pasteurization of cherry juice at the power of 109 watts, 60 °C and 9.5 min had the best results in terms of preserving phenolic compounds and reducing microbial load. The results revealed no significant difference between the microbial load of pasteurized cherry juice with the two methods. In terms of bioactive compounds and quality properties, the optimal ultrasonic treatment was more favorable than the pasteurized sample at 90 °C for 30 seconds.

In today's business world, companies try to collaborate with each other without losing their own competitive powers. In this case, the concept of coopetition can describe these situations excellently. In this paper, collaboration between a supplier and a retailer in a decentralized supply chain has been examined through the use of quantitative discounts in a game theory model. In this model, the agents are faced with inventory, pricing, and discount-offering decisions. At first, this paper examines the problem in the case where the supplier does not offer any discounts to the retailer and obtains the results. Then the paper studies a situation that the supplier applies a discount on the retailer's wholesale price and retailer sells the product to the customers with the same amounts of discounts. In these situations, the paper models a sequential game that the supplier is the leader of the negotiations in order to obtain the Stackelberg Equilibrium. Also the retailer is allowed to set different prices for the customer according to the supplier's discount decisions. Finally, the model is analyzed by studying the fixed and variable transportation costs, using two scenarios in which the costs are paid by the supplier or the retailer. In the investigated problems, if the final customer is dissatisfied, the product is returned to the retailer at a different price, and the retailer sells the returned product at a new price in a secondary market. The results indicate that an increase in the retail price reduces the utilities of the customers from purchasing the product. Nevertheless, such increase also enhances the return price, leading to a greater incentive for the customers to return the purchased products. So an increase in the retail price can even increase the demands of customers. Also a numerical analysis shows that collaboration between the members of a supply chain through a discount contract can significantly improve the profits of the retailer and the supplier.

In this paper, we study linear fuzzy time-variant optimal control systems using the generalized differentiability concept and we present the general form of optimal controls and states. Some examples are provided to illustrate our results.

Environmental stresses such as deficit irrigation and ultraviolet radiation can influence plant growth and development. Among the environmental variables, ultraviolet radiation is an important factor in plant response to other stresses, such as deficit irrigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B), irrigation stress and combined effects of UV-B radiation and deficit irrigation on the morphological and biochemical responses of two basil species. Five treatments of UV-B radiation duration (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes per day) as well as four irrigation levels (100, 75, 50 and 30% of field capacity), two green and violet types of basil, based on a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design, were considered. Results indicated that the effects of duration of UV-B radiation, drought stress and basil type as well as their interaction on morphological and biochemical responses of both basil types were significant. At the highest level of UV-B radiation (i.e., 20 min/day), the measured traits such as photosynthetic pigments decreased by 18.2%, stem height by 11.2% and root length by 10.1% as compared to control, and the other traits such as leaf thickness increased significantly by 32.3%, malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 7.6%, anthocyanin by 40.6% and proline content by 19.1% as compared to control. While leaf area, number of leaves, root and shoot dry weights were firstly increased by radiation duration and then were reduced as compared to control. Five-minute irradiation treatment increased the stem dry weight (5.8%), leaf area (9.3%) and number of leaves (10.0%) as compared to the control. Deficit irrigation stress had 46.3% greater effect than UV-B radiation in reducing the measured basil characteristics. Simultaneous use of UV-B radiation and deficit irrigation prevented the reduction of growth factors due to low irrigation stress, indicating a synergistic state.

Today tourism is considered as the largest service industry in the world. Because of the regional situation, professional staff and quality medical centers, health tourism is one of the areas where our country has a high competitive advantage. In spite of these advantages, attracting customers is a challenge in becoming a medical tourism brand. In this regard, this paper examines the challenges of medical tourism branding.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose, exploratory in nature and qualitative in terms of approach. In this research, the data, collected from interviews with 16 people including two groups of medical professionals and medical tourists in Ardabil province, were analyzed using the Grounded Theory Method in three stages (open coding, axial coding and selective coding).

In the analysis of data, 37 concepts from all interviews were extracted and finally, these concepts were categorized in selective coding in six groups of infrastructural, cultural-social, legal, ethical, promotional, and competitive challenges.

According to the results of the research, in branding the medical tourism in Ardabil, the basic challenges should be identified and the related concepts in each area should be considered.

In order to study the Lower Cretaceous deposits, Qumenjan section has been selected and measured. Field and lab studies of the Lower Cretaceous deposits in this section reveal a gradual change of the depositional setting, from a fluvial depositional system (continental environment) to a mixed siliciclastic- carbonate ramp (marine environment). The continental deposits of the studied section include conglomerate and sandstone lithofacies that are deposited in a proximal gravel- bed braided river. In the studied sedimentary sequence, the marine siliciclastic- carbonate facies associations are formed in three tidal flat, lagoon and shoal facies belt in the inner and mid ramp setting. 

To compare maintaining corneal asphericity and high-order aberration changes in optimized PRK for myopic astigmatism patients, using Allegretto EX500 (WaveLight Allegretto Wave Eye-Q laser devices; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) and Technolas Teneo 317 (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY). The patients with myopic astigmatism, whose range of myopic was between 1 and 8 diopters, and maximum astigmatism of 2.5 diopters, were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and, then, randomly operated with one of the Allegretto EX500 and Technolas Teneo 317 devices. Before the operation, a complete visual examination (visual acuity, refraction, Slit lamp, and Fundoscopy) and imaging including orbscan, zywave, and topolyzer were performed. The examinations were repeated 6 months after surgery. The results were compared before surgery and between the two devices. This clinical trial study was performed on 97 eyes of 49 patients with mean age of 28±5 years. Six months after surgery, visual acuity with the best correction was similar between the two groups (P=0.152). The mean spherical equivalent before surgery was -3.43±1.29 and -2.91±1.29 (P=0.047) and 6 months after surgery, -0.14± 0.19 and -0.08±0.23 (P=0.173) in the Allegretto and Teneo groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups before and after the surgery (P>0.05) between the third and fourth order corneal aberrations. The ocular higher order aberration increased from 0.3±0.1 and 0.31±0.12 (P=0.639) to 0.43±0.2 and 0.180±.42, (P=0.828) in the Allegretto and Teneo, respectively. Corneal asphericity was at 30° before operation -0.3±0.12 and -0.38±0.51 (P=0.25) and after operation, 0.28±0.26 and 0.28±0.25 (P=0.858) in the Allegretto and Teneo groups. This increase was higher per a diopter of spherical equivalent in Teneo group (P= 0.628). The results of the treatment of the two Allegretto and Teneo devices were the same in correction of myopic astigmatism, although the Allegretto device induces less changes in asphericity, and the Teneo device induces less higher-order aberrations.

Drug abuse is one of the most psychosocial and public health challenges in the world that is increasing every day and lead to disability and death. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of death due to drug abuse in Golestan province. This cross-sectional study was carried out on all referential bodies to Golestan department of forensic medicine that were died due to drug abuse from March 2010 to March 2016. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Pearson chi-square test. Of the 170 people, who had drug abuse, 95.9% were male and 32.4% were 30-39 years old. The majority of cases (81.8%) were urban residents. Most of them were married (53.5%) and 38.2% of them had secondary education. Drug abuse was identified as the main cause of death (40%). In 56.5% of cases, injection was the most important way of drug abuse. Opium was the most common agents of death due to drug abuse in Golestan province that were observed mostly among married men aged 30-39 years.

Fetal sex determination in domestic animals has different research and commercial applications, especially in livestock industry. This technique has important economic value for horse breeders, especially in sales programs. Depending on the mare or stallion, the foal economic value is completely different and depends on its sex. The purpose of this study was identification of prenatal fetal sex using circulating cell free fetal DNA (ccffDNA) in mare during gestation by TSPY gene. The Real Time PCR technique was used by specific primers. Statistical Society contained 30 pregnant mares with 2-11 month of pregnancy. One stallion and one mare was selected as positive and negative control. For DNA extraction, we used the phenol-chloroform extraction method. Eighteen foals were male and twelve were male after parturition. In conclusion, our predicted fetal sex had the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 75%, 100% and 95%. Our results showed that the TSPY gene could be used for prenatal fetal sex determination by ccffDNA with high accuracy

Given that the seed germination of Chinese parasol tree (Firmiana simplex L.) and hence its propagation is experiencing difficulties, therefore, this study investigates the factors limiting seed germination of mentioned tree and how to troubleshoot them are discussed. This experiment was conducted in 2014 in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement with three replications in the laboratory of Horticultural Science Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Iran. In order to remove physical dormancy (impermeable seed coat) mechanical scarification treatments with fine sand (shaking seeds and building sand for 5, 10 and 15 minutes), hot water (70 °C) and acid (treatments of seeds with solution of concentrated sulfuric acid for 1, 5 and 10 minutes and then rinse by tap water for 20 minutes) were used. Moreover to remove the physiological dormancy, stratification of seeds were applied for 30, 45 and 60 days in 3-6oC. The results showed that the highest percentage of seed germination was related to scarification by sand (78%) for 15 minutes and stratification for 30 days. The lowest seed germination rate among all treatments was related to control (4.6%). In overall, it can be concluded from various treatments which used to break dormancy in seeds of Firmiana simplex, it is clear that the seeds of mentioned tree include dual seed dormancy, including seed coat and embryo dormancy. The results also showed seedling establishment of 86.6 % related to combination of scarification and stratification in the mentioned treatment has been much higher than other treatments, specially control (without scarification).

Poisoning is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Poisoning resulting in death by suicide is one of the main public health challenges in the world. The present study was conducted to survey cases of poisoning resulting in death by suicide in Golestan Province.. This cross-sectional study was carried out on all medical records of referential bodies to Golestan department of forensic medicine that were died due to poisoning by suicide from March 2010 to March 2016. Data were obtained by checklist from medical records and SPSS software (ver. 16) and Chi-squared test were used for data analysis.   Of the 420 deaths due to poisoning, 171 deaths (40.7%) were due to suicide attempt. Of these 171 cases, 61.4% (n=105) were male and 42.1% (n=72) were aged 20-29 years. The mean age of the study population was 29.53±11.27 years and their minimum and maximum age was 14 years and 76 years. A total of 48% (n=82) of the cases were single and 42.1% (n=72) had only high school education. Moreover, 80.1% of the cases (n=137) lived in urban areas. Pesticides were the most common poisoning agents (n=131, 76.6%), with aluminum phosphide being the most frequent (n=104, 79.4%). Drugs were the second most common cause of death in this study. Pesticides, particularly aluminum phosphide, were the most common cause of poisoning resulting in death by suicide in Golestan Province and were observed mostly in young men. It is therefore crucial to restrict the easy access to these common agents of suicide, i.e. pesticides.

Today's economy is heavily dependent on outside sources of ground resources and industrial sector, and welcome knowledge-based economy as a fundamental strategy for economic development. Regarding the mission of the universities, provided research and education based on learning for changes play a key role in knowledge-based economy. Greater share of the community to enter in higher education, universities can have more and more active role in national innovation and economic development. The universities is source of knowledge and technology and have great potential for the commercialization of university research. Commercialization of university research as a process to convert research findings and develop the new research ideas. Given that agricultural biotechnology has great potential for economic growth and development in agricultural sector. While there are some barriers to develop agricultural biotechnology include lack of commercialization of university research in this regard. Therefore the main objective of this study is investigating necessity of training in commercialization of academic researches within agricultural biotechnology industry.

Purpose and aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the safety, occupational health and safety in the University Central Library is located in Tehran.

This study is a descriptive survey. The study included 18 central libraries and free public universities in Tehran using a researcher made questionnaire data were collected with 5 of safety and security library Narrative research with professors and professionals to investigate the validity and reliability coefficient Cronbach's alpha(0/963) was approved. The data obtained from the questionnaires using SPSS and Excel and descriptive statistics techniques such as frequency tables, draw, and circular histograms were analyzed. Components of Friedman test was used to rank.

The results showed that the mean compliance of safety measures,  5% of the libraries in very bad condition, 14% in poor condition, 24 percent of the state average, 28% In good condition and 2% in very good condition is obtained in 27% of libraries improper safety measures. Ranking of factors indicate that the components of fire safety, building physics, the conservation of biological damage, ventilation, protection against physical damage sources have the highest rank.

Measurement of immunity in university libraries in Tehran does not fully comply with the safety component is mainly in respect of each component did not succeed, and are not in good condition.