hakimeh aghaee

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy and compassion-based therapy on premature bereavement and psychological distress of caregivers of cancer patients. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research was the caregivers of cancer patients admitted to Imam Hossein and Bahar hospitals in Shahrood City in 2022. 45 people were selected by available sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups (15 people in each group). The research tools included premature bereavement questionnaires (MM-CGI) by Dehghani et al. (2012), and psychological distress (K-10) by Kessler (2003). One of the experimental groups received emotion-oriented therapy in 10 1-hour sessions, and the other experimental group received compassion-based therapy in the form of 10 1-hour sessions twice a week. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that emotion-oriented therapy and compassion-based therapy had a significant effect on premature bereavement and psychological distress (p<0.05). Also, emotion-oriented therapy has been more effective in reducing premature grief and psychological distress of caregivers of cancer patients compared to compassion-based therapy (p<0.01). The results showed that emotion-oriented therapy was a more efficient intervention compared to compassion-based therapy for reducing premature grief and psychological distress of caregivers of cancer patients.

Selective attention and misunderstanding of body image can lead to anxiety. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on loneliness caused by body image in women referred to cosmetic surgery centers.

The present study is a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study was all women aged 23-40 years who referred to beauty centers in Mashhad, 45 of whom were selected by random sampling in three groups of 15 people. Then an anxiety questionnaire was administered and sessions of two treatments were performed. At the end of the post-test sessions.

Research has shown that cognitive-behavioral method is more effective than interpersonal psychotherapy on the feeling of loneliness in women referred to cosmetic surgery centers.

The best sign for cosmetic surgery seems to be a lack of self-confidence with a tendency to social interaction and an extreme focus on a particular physical feature. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing body image anxiety can be due to the important role of mental interpretations and behavioral habits on anxiety. Improving the state of perception of the body in a person with anxiety reduces the selective attention to a point in the body and thus reduces anxiety.

 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most  common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood that affects the cognitive and behavioral features of people. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of anger management and parenting training on executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

 The present study was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design. The study was conducted on one control group and two experimental groups. The study population included all male students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder studying in primary schools in Tehran City, Iran, and their mothers in the academic year 2020–2021. Of these students and their mothers, 36 people were selected using the available sampling method. They were randomly assigned to three groups (12 students in the anger management training group, 12 mothers in the parenting skills training group, and 12 students in the control group). The inclusion criteria were as follows: male students studying in primary schools, students diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the study screening test, without concurrent developmental or other mental disorders, not under medication and psychological interventions in the last year, and consent of parents and students for study participation. The exclusion criteria included more than two sessions of absence from the educational sessions, withdrawal from treatment, or non–cooperation in the study. Data collection tools of this study included Connors’ Rating Scale Questionnaire –Teacher Form (Connors, 1970) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Parent Form (Gioia et al., 2000). The obtained data were studied using analysis of covariance in the SPSS22. The significance level was set at p values less than 0.05.

 The results showed that anger management training was effective in improving the organizational component of executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (p<0.05). Anger management training was more effective than parenting skills training (p<0.05).

 It can be concluded that anger management training had no significant effect on improving executive functions; however, it significantly improved the organizational component of executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Specialists can use relaxation training and positive inception to improve cognitive features such as executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of anger management and parenting training on response inhibition in students with Oppositional/Confrontational Defiant Disorder (ODD/FDD).

This research was a quasiexperimental study of pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all male students with ODD/FDD in Tehran in 2020. Overall 45 people were selected as a sample according to the entry and exit criteria through voluntary and available sampling and assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The instruments used in the present study included a grading scale for ODD/FDD in children and to inhibit the response of the Stroop word color test.

Anger management and parenting training showed more effectiveness on response inhibition in the case comparing to the control group (P <0.5). Also anger management training group parenting training group had the same effect on the response inhibition of students with ODD/FDD (P<0.5).

Therefore, education of anger management and parenting training as two interventional programs can be effective in inhibiting the response of students with ODD/FDD.

Childhood is one of the most important stages of life inwhich the person's personality is established and formed. Most ofthe maladaptation and behavioral disorders in adulthood arise fromignoring the emotional-behavioral problems in childhood and lackof proper guidance in the process of growth and development. Theaim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of angermanagement and parenting training on problem solving skills inchildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study is a semi-experimentalwith pretest-posttest design involving groups. The study populationincluded all male students with ADHD in Tehran Elementaryschools and their mothers in the academic year 1399-1400; Amongthem, a sample of 36 people was selected using the availablesampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental andcontrol groups. The American Psychiatric Association's AttentionDeficit Disorder Rating Scale, Connors Scale, and Hepner ProblemSolving Questionnaire were used to collect data. For experimentalgroups, parenting and anger management training based oncognitive-behavioral approach were held in 8 sessions of 70minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. The results of the analysis showed that parenting andanger management training can improve problem solving skills inchildren with ADHD (P <0.05). The results of analysis of variancetest with differential score showed that anger management trainingon problem solving skills of children with ADHD is more effectivethan parenting training. These results support use of anger management andparenting training along with educational courses for children withADHD in order to prevent the occurrence, exacerbation andtransformation of symptoms of this disorder.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the classical Pennsylvania prevention program and program based on Iranian-Islamic criteria on the marital satisfaction of mothers with an autisticchild.

45 volunteers have been selected through convenience sampling among mothers of autistic children, having medical records at the Rehabilitation Center of Shahrud, and whose disorders were approved by an expert psychologist. The samples were randomly placed into two intervention groups and a control group (each group 15 subjects). The interventions were conducted in five,2-hour sessions per weak and the participants responded ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS) before and after the interventions. Data analysis was donethrough ANCOVA and MANCOVA.

The results showed that three groups have a significant difference in a total score of marital satisfaction and components of satisfaction, conflict resolution, leisure time (p<0.05). The effectiveness of the Pennsylvania prevention program based on Iranian-Islamic criteria was significantly higher than the Pennsylvania Prevention program(p<0.05).

Accordingly, Pennsylvania Prevention Program has positive effects on psychological health and improves maritalrelationships by combining a variety of approaches and techniques including psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, rational-emotional therapy, problem-solving and social skills training.

Disadvantages in social skills and, consequently, inability to create, the preservation and development of social relationships and interactions has been reported as a clear indication of Autistic children and are highly emphasized in diagnostic evaluations of these characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Teach Body Language Skills Program on Social Skills of Autistic Children with High Performance.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 autistic children with high performance 7-12 years old in Semnan city, Iran were selected through convenience sampling method. Then, randomly, 15 of them were placed in the experimental group and the other 15 were placed in the control group.Experimental group participated in body language training in 8 sessions (week a meeting and each session is 45 min). The control group was given no training. The subjects completed Elliott & Gersham Social Skills Questionnaire (1990) prior and after the training and 3 month later in follow-up. ANOVA with repeated measure was used to analyze the data.

According to the results, the mean of social skills and its components (assertiveness, self-control, collaboration) in the experimental group in the post-test stage were increased compared to the control group (p<0.05) which remained stable three month after the end of training.

The results showed that body language training program is effective in increasing the performance and acquiring changes in the social skills of Autistic Children with High Performance. Therefore, parents and coaches of children with autism are advised, given their evolutionary level, they will benefit from body language training that improves autism studentschr('39') social adjustment and social skills.

The main objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback training with schema therapy in reducing symptoms of depression in depressed women of Tehran.
To achieve this purpose, a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and control group was designed. The study population included all patients with major depression symptoms who referred to the counseling center in Tehran from spring to winter 1393. From among the women diagnosed with depression, 30 were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups of neurofeedback training, schema therapy, and control group. They filled out the Beck Depression Inventory (ASI) before and after the treatments.
Findings: The results of data analysis showed that neurofeedback training and schema therapy are effective in reducing symptoms of depression.
The final conclusion was that there is no significant difference between the effect size of neurofeedback method and schema therapy in reducing symptoms of depression.