فهرست مطالب hamid reza bahmani

This study aimed to explore the current status and assess the risks faced by the Markhoz goat population in its breeding region. To achieve this objective, we gathered census data, population distribution information, and biological parameters, focusing on three key criteria: geographic, demographic, and genetic. We employed four risk assessment systems from reputable entities, namely the World Food Organization (FAO), the European Union (EU), the European Association of Livestock Products (EAAP), and private organizations (NGOs). In addition, we used Vortex version 10.5.5 to simulate past population dynamics, specifically investigating genetic changes. According to the latest census, 1297 goats were distributed across the primary region (50%), other areas (7%), and stations (43%). Notably, the region dedicated to goat breeding has experienced a significant reduction in size over recent years. Presently, 88% of the goat population in the region is concentrated within a circle with a radius of fewer than 6 kilometers in Armardeh, Baneh. The decline in population size, as well as breeding males and females in the Markhoz goat's breeding region, has led to a reduction in effective population size and an increase in the rate of inbreeding in recent years. Inbreeding in the last year of investigation was calculated at 0.1049, and its rate (∆F) had reached more than 0.5% in each generation since 2015. Our study's findings indicate that across all assessment systems and considering demographic, geographic, and genetic criteria, the Markhoz goat breed is currently at risk of extinction in its breeding region.

To investigate the qualitative characteristics and their effects on the economic value of the mohair of Markhoz goats in Kurdistan province, a total of 136 samples from seven flocks, two groups: yearling goats and adult female goats and seven colors: white, cream (straw colored), cream brown, light brown, red-brown, dark brown and black, were sampled in the mohair harvest season. The characteristics investigated in this research included: true fibers, modular fibers, kemp fibers, fiber diameter, staple length, and economic value of fibers. In this research, the statistical analysis was done using version 27 of Spss. Fixed effects of flocks, goat groups and fiber colors were investigated on the variables, and the GLM procedure of the software was used. The least-square means of true fibers (%), modular fibers (%), kemp fibers (%), fiber diameter (microns), staple length(cm), and the price per kilogram of mohair (Rials) were 92.36±5.14, 6.84±4.81, 0.75±1.02, 32.49±5.27, 14.46±3.27 and 1823308±452, respectively. According to the results of this research, the color significantly affected the mohair pricing (p˂0.01). The low amount of kemp and modulated fibers in the pure goats did not affect the mohair price. However, a combination of particular colors and one of the advantages of the mohair elegance or long length of the staple made the highest price to be assigned to the mohair. For this reason, red-brown and straw fibers had the highest price compared to other colors. In terms of desirability, after these two colors, different brown, white, and black colors were placed, respectively.

The present research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the performance of improved Iranian honey bee queens with unimproved native queens (control queen) in private apiaries of Kurdistan province during 1396 to 1400. In this study, improved Iranian honey bee queens along with unimproved native queens were evaluated in six private apiaries of Kurdistan province based on honey production, calmness, aggressiveness, swarming, and overwintering traits. The results showed that the improved Iranian honey bee queens in the climatic conditions of Kurdistan province had a significant superiority and acceptable progress over the unimproved native queens in terms of calmness, aggressiveness, swarming, and overwintering traits (P<0.05). An acceptable relative superiority and progress were observed in terms of honey production trait in the improved queens in all the studied years compared to native queens, but this superiority and progress was not significant due to the low heritability of this trait. In general, the results of this study showed the progress and improvement of the target traits and the superiority of improved Iranian honey bee queens compared to un improved native queens in the climate conditions of Kurdistan province. Therefore, the results indicated that Iranian honey bee breeding has been effective in improving the target traits. So, it is necessary to use modified improved queens in order to increase the performance of honey bee colonies in the country and preserve one of the most valuable genetic resources of our country.

In cold and temperate climates, honey bees (Apis mellifera) survive the winter by entering a distinct physiological and behavioral state. In recent years, beekeepers are reporting unsustainably high colony losses during the winter, which have been linked to parasitization by Varroa mites, virus infections, geographic location, and variation across honey bee genotypes. Here, we review literature on environmental, physiological, and social factors regulating entrance, maintenance, and exit from the overwintering state in honey bees in cold and temperate regions and develop a testable model to explain how multiple factors may be acting synergistically to regulate this complex transition. We also review existing knowledge of the factors affecting overwintering survival in honey bees and providing suggestions to beekeepers aiming to improve their colonies’ overwintering success.

The use of improved queens with desirable functional and behavioral traits is one of the most important factors of success in beekeeping. The current study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the performance of improved Iranian honey bee queens with control ones in the private apiaries of Kurdistan province during 2017 to 2021.

In this study, the queens of the third layer, which were the result of the improved queens of the Iranian honey bee breeding project, along with unimproved native queens (as control) were evaluated in six private apiaries of Kurdistan province based on honey production, calmness, aggressive, swarming, and overwintering traits. To evaluate the queens, special questionnaires were designed and provided to the beekeepers to evaluate the improved queens along with the control ones in their private apiary during the years of the study.

Variance analysis results showed that the effect of the queen was significant at the 1% probability level on all studied traits. The effect of year was significant at the 1% probability level on honey production and swarming traits and on calmness on the frame trait at the 5% probability level, but it had no effect on the overwintering trait. Also, the effect of the city was significant on swarming trait (p<0.01). The interactions effect of queen type – year and year- city were significant for the trait of swarming and honey production triats at the 1 and 5 % probability level, respectively. The results of the present study showed that the colonies with improved queens were significantly superior to the colonies with native queens in terms of calmness on the frame, aggressive, swarming and overwintering traits (p<0.05). An acceptable relative superiority and progress were observed in terms of honey production trait in the improved queens in all the studied years compared to native queens, but this superiority and progress was not significant due to the low heritability of this trait.

In general, the results of this study showed the progress and improvement of the target traits and the superiority of improved Iranian honey bee queens compared to unimproved native queens in the climate conditions of Kurdistan province. Considering the superiority and significant improvements in the majority of studied traits in the improved queens of the Iranian honey bee breeding project, it can be concluded that the Iranian honey bee can improve genetically. Therefore, in the continuation of this research, it is suggested to deal with the new problems of the beekeeping industry through more efforts towards the genetic stabilization of resulting improvements, preventing the homozygosity of sex alleles (which has a direct effect on reducing the performance of the colonies) and also using new breeding methods.

A successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation depends on various factors such as age, sex, patient, etiology of cardiopulmonary arrest, CPR onset, and so on. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and its related factors in Shahid Motahhari Hospital of Marvdasht.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, all cases of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during one year from April 2014 to April 2105 were evaluated in all treatment units. This study included all factors associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including age, sex, underlying disease, etiology of respiratory arrest, timing of CPR, presence or absence of related features, presence or absence of specialist or general practitioner, outcome of CPR, and complications It was examined. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests.

46.7% of CPRs were successful. There was a significant relationship between age and CPR success (P = 0.018). There was a significant relationship between gender and CPR success (P = 0.001). The success rate of CPR in women was significantly higher than in men. The most common reason for CPR failure was due to the failure of the CPR team or physician to arrive on time.

The rate of successful CPRs in Marvdasht hospital is in a good level compared to similar studies. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the CPR success rate by better planning and considering the results of this study.

To evaluate the reproductive performance of Markhoz does in an accelerated kid production system (three kiddings in two years) and to compare with a conventional kid production system, 90 mature does in Sanandaj Breeding Station were monitored into three groups: 1-twice mating a year with hormone (CIDR and injection of 400-IU PMSG); 2- Twice mating a year without hormone; 3- Conventional system, once a year (control group). Data on pregnancy rate, twinning or prolificacy rate, litter size, fecundity rate, born kid crop and weaned kid crop and viability rate were calculated and analysis was performed with GLM process using SAS software. The parturition rate and fecundity rate of does in the experimental (1,2) and control groups was 2, 1.77 and 1.66, and respectively 3.43, 2.7 and 2.17 during the 24 months that had a significant difference (P<0.05). Born Kid Crop and Weaned Kid Crop and weaning rate during 24 months in treatment 1 was significantly more than the treatment 2 and control (P<0.05). Average of Born Kid Crop and Weaned Kid Crop per doe in the experimental groups and control was 2.95, 2.62 and 1.39 kg respectively, and 10, 8.01 and 7.67 kg respectively, that the differences between three treatment were significant (P<0.05). The Net income of the implementation of reproductive treatments and three kiddings in two years was more than control treatment.

In the absence of pollen in nature, the lack of access to appropriate sources of protein in the bee protects the life and survival of the colony with serious risks, and this lack has many effects on colony development and survival. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of pollen replacement nutrition with egg-dried yolk and pollen supplements with dried pollen grains on colonies in the bee colonies. The studied traits in this study included colony population, infant growth and population growth, the shelf life of colonies and consumption and production of honey. This research was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments and ten replications. The results of this study showed that in the first and second stage of measurements of mean population, there was a significant difference between two pollen replacement and pollen supplements with control treatment in the three selected cities, and there was a significant difference between pollen replacement and pollen supplements (P<0.05). In the first and second stage of counting and measurement of infant growth and population growth in the three mentioned cities, there was a significant difference between pollen replacement treatments and pollen supplementation with control treatment (P<0.05). The means of honey production per colony in all regress, there was a significant difference between the two treatments and control group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the amount of winter honey consumption in three counties, between replacement treatment and pollen supplementation with control treatment (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that in the absence of pollen, pollen replacement compounds could be used without any adverse effects. Pollen replacement had no negative impact on population growth, infant growth and population growth, the use of winter honey had no weight gain. Meanwhile, the cost of using pollen replacement is much lower than pollen supplements.

Honey is an excellent food product with health-giving characteristics. On the other hand, the honey quality can change based on various factors. Physicochemical experiments intend to investigate the honey quality in four geographic directions of Kurdistan province shelf-life and the containers the honey is placed in. In this research, totally 96 samples from 4 apiaries in various parts of the province were prepared and maintained in various dishes/containers and various (time) periods at 25.5±3.5 °C. After preparing the samples, some factors including moisture, reducing sugars, sucrose, pH, acidity, the ratio of fructose to glucose, ash, diastase, hydroxyl methyl furfural were evaluated. The result showed the moisture total average, reducing sugars, sucrose, pH, acidity, the ratio of fructose to glucose, and ash were 13.79%, 77.67%, 2.22%, 3.86, and 21.39 of meq/kg, 1.09% and 0.13%, respectively. Qualitative examinations showed, there was the distance in all samples but no HME. With the increase in shelf-life time, metabolites in the ratio of fructose to glucose and acidity increased significantly, but the factors, moisture, pH were reduced significantly (P<0.05). Various containers had no significant impact on physicochemical characteristics of honey. Generally, one can say that the comparison between the obtained amounts with the current standards, quality of the honey samples were standard and favorable. According to the results of this study, honey can remain at room temperature in different containers for 9 months and maintain anacceptable quality.

Positive effectiveness of antiemetic drugs was approved in reduction of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The purpose of this study was comparison of dexamethazone, ondansetron and metoclopramide in prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.

210 women candidates for elective cesarean section under general anesthesia were divided in to three groups of 70. The groups received ondansetron, dexamethazone or metoclopramide near the end of the surgery. Post-operative nausea and vomiting was evaluated at 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours after the operation. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test.

Injection of all three drugs, ondansetron, metoclopramide and dexamethazane reduced post-operative nausea and vomiting. The rate of reduction of nausea and vomiting was significant in all 3 groups at 4 hours after the surgery. At this time, the dexamethazane group had the highest nausea and vomiting (P = 0.007).

Ondansetron and metoclopramide can be used in the patients with elective cesarean section under general anesthesia for reduction of post-operative nausea and vomiting; the drugs showed more effectiveness with longer duration compared to dexamethasone.