hossein hatami nejad

Ziarat tourist, due to its cool and moderate climate, unique landscapes, beautiful forests, excellent tourism and recreational facilities, and its close proximity to Gorgan city, offers fascinating ecological landscapes and various cultural, historical, and socio-economic attractions. This village is considered one of the significant natural-historical and tourist areas of Gorgan city. The aim of the current research is to investigate and determine the tourist attractions located in Ziarat in order to develop strategic plans and enhance tourism. The research approach is of an applied-developmental nature, and the method of investigation is descriptive-analytical. To gather the required information, a combination of library research and fieldwork (questionnaire) methods has been utilized. For data analysis and testing the research variables, SPSS statistical software has been used alongside t-tests, and the Amos software has been employed for structural equation modeling. The results of the t-test indicate that the historical-architectural index possesses a higher level, while the infrastructure index has a lower level compared to other tourism indices. The results of the structural equation modeling (Amos) indicate that the environmental attractions dimension has the highest factor loading of 0.90, followed by the cultural attractions dimension, and then the physical-historical attractions dimension. The infrastructure dimension has played the most significant role in explaining the tourist attractions' appeal to residents and experts in Ziarat.

Floods as one of the natural hazards can cause much damage to cities and communities. Khorramabad city is also one of the cities exposed to this danger. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the resilience scenarios of Khorramabad City against flood risk to provide solutions for the future. This research is practical and descriptive-analytical, and exploratory. The research data collection is based on the Delphi technique. A sample size of 44 people was determined to identify the key drivers, a sample size of 10 people was determined to develop scenarios, and the sampling method was a snowball. In this research, the key driver in the field of flood resilience of Khorramabad city was extracted using Mic Mac software, the descriptors were analyzed using Scenario Wizard, and the consistency value of flood resilience scenarios of Khorramabad city was determined. 10 key drivers and 36 possible situations were determined using the opinion of experts and the output of Mic Mac software for the future resilience of Khorramabad city against floods, and the matrix questionnaire of mutual effects was designed and sent to the experts. The results of the scenario wizard software showed that the key factors of institutions' performance, communication capacity, governance, internet infrastructure, and construction boom in the scenarios have the most adaptive value in the future resilience of Khorramabad city against floods

 This research attempts to rank the 22 districts of Arak based on quantitative and qualitative housing indicators and to identify the spatial distribution pattern of these indicators at the city level.

 Subsequently, using Shannon's Entropy for weighting and multi-criteria decision-making methods, including Saw, Moora, and Copras, we evaluated and weighted 31 quantitative and qualitative indices at the regional level of Arak City. The final ranking of these indices was accomplished through the Copland aggregation method. The conclusive map was generated by invoking data in Arc-GIS software. Additionally, the global Moran's model was employed to identify the spatial pattern of quantitative and qualitative housing indicators.

 The findings reveal a "random" distribution pattern of quantitative and qualitative housing indicators in Arak City, indicating the influence of multiple factors on this randomness. Deteriorated areas (Regions 15 and 18), informal settlements (Regions 1 and 22), and the city center (Regions 6 and 18) are identified as the primary factors contributing to this random spatial pattern, consequently affecting the absence of quantitative and qualitative housing indicators in certain regions. In contrast, well-planned areas like Regions 3, 5, 18, 20, 10, and 7 exhibit a favorable status regarding the possession of these indicators.

 The study's outcomes reveal that the primary contributors to spatial inequality in possessing quantitative and qualitative housing indicators across Arak City's regions are deteriorated urban texture, informal settlements, urban decay, high population density, and land scarcity in central areas. 

Innovation:

 An innovative and practical dimension of this research involves using expert groups for indicator monitoring and applying the Copland aggregation model in the research process. This study could mitigate the gap in housing research within the domain of Arak.

Resilience is a multidimensional concept and has been studied in many different disciplines including ecology, socio-ecological systems, social sciences and psychology. This concept has attracted more attention in recent years, especially in terms of urban planning. This concept is particularly highlighted when a city or community encounters threats such as natural hazards. To respond to these threats, a comprehensive resilience assessment is required to identify priority areas for disaster risk management. In this study, a systematic review method is used to review and analyze studies of resilience in Tehran, and then a systematic formulation is provided. The authors searched the SID and Magiran databases for studies related to urban resilience in Tehran using the keywords “resilience” and “urban resilience”. The PRISMA framework was used to select studies for systematic review, and ultimately 55 studies were included in the review. According to 49% of the studies, the level of resilience was different in urban areas of Tehran. Lack of equal access to municipal services due to their uneven distribution, Existence of worn-out fabrics and informal settlements in some areas and different financial ability and level of social participation of residents are among the main reasons for the variability of resilience in urban areas of Tehran. In addition, 38% of the studies concluded that the resilience situation in Tehran is unfavorable; in the meantime, informal settlements, dilapidated structures and the central part of Tehran had more unsuitable conditions. The results of this study are useful for city managers, crisis management, city council, NGOs and other organizations related to urban management.

Global climate changes, primarily manifested as global warming and rapid urbanization, exacerbate extreme weather events. Statistics indicate that floods are among the most prevalent and catastrophic natural disasters (Safiah Yusmah et al., 2020: 552). Urban floods caused by heavy rainfall have evolved from gradual accumulation to sudden surges (Masozera et al., 2007: 299; Hallegatte et al., 2013: 802). Therefore, urban flood resilience, crucial for flood control and disaster reduction, has garnered increasing research focus (Obrist et al., 2010: 284; Xu et al., 2018: 5298). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030), endorsed by the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2015, and the 2018 Beijing Resilient City Development Plan, underscore the importance of enhancing urban resilience to disasters (Sun et al., 2022: 1).To address the growing risk of natural events, it is essential to strengthen capacities that enable vulnerable communities to better prepare for, cope with, and recover from adverse effects. In disaster management literature, this strategy is commonly referred to as resilience. Resilience, when applied to communities, is defined as "the ability of a community to prepare for, plan, absorb, recover, and adapt to actual or potential adverse events in a timely and efficient manner, including rebuilding and improving essential functions and structures." A resilient community incurs fewer losses and recovers more swiftly from hazardous events (Cutter et al., 2014: 65; Abdali et al., 2022: 6).Theoretical Framework:The concept of resilience originated from Holling's seminal work in ecology, aimed at understanding the instability and dynamics of nature. According to Holling, resilience is "the measure of a system's ability to absorb change and disturbance while maintaining the same relationships between populations or state variables." However, resilience is not simply "the ability of a system to return to equilibrium after a temporary disturbance" (Holling, 1973: 14-17). In ecological literature, two definitions of resilience emerged: one that encompasses continuity, change, and unpredictability in a nonlinear and non-equilibrium system (ecological resilience), and another that focuses on efficiency, stability, and predictability in a single equilibrium system (engineering resilience) (Holling, 1996: 25; Folke, 2006: 256). Engineering resilience emphasizes rapid and efficient recovery post-disturbance, while ecological resilience is about absorbing changes and ensuring continuity (Pickett et al., 2004: 373).

This study employs a combined multi-criteria decision-making approach using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), DEMATEL technique, and the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE). The DEMATEL-ANP model identifies internal relationships between indicators, allowing for pairwise comparisons and weight evaluation, while PROMETHEE ranks solutions based on their proximity to the ideal solution, with the best solution being closest to the ideal point (Chen et al., 2011: 909; Chiu et al., 2013: 49; Thor et al., 2013: 27; Ju et al., 2015: 348-349).

Resilience in Khorramabad exhibits a clear spatial pattern, with higher resilience in affluent upper city areas and lower resilience in less affluent lower city areas. This disparity highlights the inequitable distribution of urban facilities and services, emphasizing the need for equitable development and access to vital resources. Economic resilience is surprisingly lower in the city’s economic center due to deteriorated infrastructure and the residence of lower socio-economic strata. Institutional resilience is higher in central areas, benefiting from the concentration of governmental, private, and grassroots organizations.Peripheral areas suffer from inadequate infrastructure, resulting in lower overall resilience. Social capital resilience lacks a specific spatial pattern, with most areas rated as medium to low, indicating weak community connections. Environmental resilienceshows that city center areas are more prone to flooding, while higher resilience is observed in different parts of the city, possibly due to land permeability and river positions.Comparative analysis reveals that regions 1, 4, 7, 13, and 17 have the lowest resilience, while regions 23 and 14 rank high. This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of resilience levels at the city scale, identifying areas requiring further intervention.

Mapping the results reveals distinct spatial patterns of resilience and identifies hotspots needing more intervention. Central and western regions, with lower resilience, require more attention. Environmental and infrastructural factors are key, directly relating to land use and planning. The findings can assist Khorramabad’s urban planning organizations in integrating disaster resilience into urban planning, transforming reactive plans into proactive adaptation strategies. Additionally, identifying potential hotspots can aid emergency management institutions in effective disaster risk management. Enhancing social resilience is crucial for community capacity building to prepare for, respond to, and adapt to climate change impacts, guiding local stakeholders in fostering fair development and equitable resource access.

Measuring urban resilience can help develop appropriate strategies and policies for cities facing unexpected shocks and their consequences. Since urban resilience is a complex concept and difficult to operationalize, developing a technique or method to actualize this concept is a major milestone in understanding the factors and interactions that help create and maintain resilience. Tehran's metropolis has a high concentration of industries, government organizations, services, and facilities, which makes its management very complicated when a natural disaster occurs. Previous conditions or inherent socio-economic characteristics show that Tehran is not immune from flood forces. In fact, it is important to measure resilience against urban disasters for areas located on rivers in Tehran due to its inherent characteristics and spatial-temporal changes of floods in the region. This research focuses on measuring the resilience of the areas located on the rivers of Tehran. The measurement approach is based on creating a composite index based on six dimensions of social, economic, institutional, infrastructure, social capital, and environmental resilience against floods. This research has been done by developing a mixed multi-criteria decision-making method. The AHP model has been used for prioritizing the selected indicators and the TOPSIS model has been used to rank the areas located on the rivers of Tehran city based on their resilience levels. The results show that region 22 is the most resilient region, while regions 4, 5, and 14 have the lowest resilience levels. The findings of this research can help urban planning organizations such as Tehran Research Planning Center to integrate disaster resilience in urban planning and change from reactive plans to preventive urban adaptive strategies such as risk-sensitive urban land use planning.

The existence of inefficient structures in urban areas, especially in the metropolis of Tehran, is known as one of the practical challenges of urban management, and its management is necessary to benefit from efficient and desirable management principles in different areas, the existence of dense and worn-out structures in 17 regions of the city. Tehran has always been the focus of urban policy makers, and in this recognition of management principles is considered as a key necessity, considering the importance of urban regeneration of inefficient structures and benefiting from efficient management principles, this research seeks to realize the realization of governance. It is appropriate in the sustainable regeneration process of the 17th district of Tehran, the method is analytical and library and document studies based on published data and thematic maps. According to the conducted investigations, it can be concluded that proper governance in the region requires more attention to urban management, sustainable development, protection of citizens' rights, protection of public security and peace, and citizen participation. By applying the principles of good governance in this region, it is possible to improve the living conditions of citizens and improve the performance of institutions responsible for urban management in this region. Also, based on the analysis, it shows that in general, good governance can improve the condition of the fabric. Facilitate the ineffectiveness of Tehran's 17th district. Also, in order to create a decent government, it is necessary to observe moral principles, transparency, justice and attention to the needs of citizens.

Understanding the physical condition of the city and analyzing the pattern of physical development to achieve sustainable urban development is vital, because today the bulk of researchers assume that there is a significant relationship between the pattern of physical development of the city and sustainability. Accordingly, the primary goal of this study is to analyze the physical-spatial development pattern of Yasuj using spatial analysis methods such as local spatial autocorrelation (Moran), directional distribution, standard elliptic distribution and hot spots. The research methodology draws on both deductive and inductive methods. The former was employed to explore theoretical foundations and research literature, and the latter was adopted to gain insights into the pattern of physical development of Yasuj by tapping into statistics and information obtained from secondary data. The results of spatial analysis suggest that in population, residential and construction indices, density displays a pattern of cluster distribution and spatial autocorrelation. As such, the Z-Score was 54.58 for population density, 57.48 for residential density and 51.12 for construction density in 2015, exhibiting a significant surge compared to 1996 and 2006. The results of hot spots for 1996-2016 span in Yasuj city show dispersed and low-density physical expansion of the city, which has laid the ground for the spiral and unplanned growth of the city, especially in the northwest area. The highest hot spatial clusters of varying densities in Yasuj were observed in western blocks of the city with 99% significance and the highest cold spatial clusters were recorded in the northwestern blocks. Therefore, controlling and monitoring urban constructions and deterring the destruction of agricultural lands in the west and northwest areas of this city can serve as a key strategy in guiding the physical development of Yasuj.

Protecting Iran's historical neighborhoods, despite the unique cultural and historical values they contain, has always been one of the biggest challenges in the field of urban planning and re-urbanization. Since a significant part of the city's history is manifested in the body of historical tissues, and in the contemporary era, due to structural, physical, social changes, etc., there have been social and physical changes in the fabric of historical neighborhoods and social relations that have been in the city for many years. It was formed in the past, weakened and destroyed, this issue has caused the critical situation in the present era to show itself as one of the serious challenges facing urban planners.This challenge raises the need to recreate the neighborhoods based on the new urbanism school and revive their historical identity.The aim of the current research is to reproduce the concept of neighborhood in the historical neighborhoods of Iran based on the principles of new urbanism. The purpose of the research is fundamental, and in order to achieve the main concepts related to the reproduction of the neighborhood concept in the doctrine of new urbanism, it is necessary to examine its characteristics through rereading and analyzing existing studies.

The research method of this research is qualitative and based on systematic review techniques, comparative study and documentary research method.

In order to achieve the main goal, two sub-goals were proposed: the first goal was to extract the principles of urban planning used in the context of historical neighborhoods of Iran and the similarities and differences of the extracted principles with the principles of new urban planning. In this way, using a systematic and systematic review method, the rules of urban planning in the context of historical neighborhoods of Iran were defined based on the principles of the Isfahan doctrine in urban planning, and then in line with these principles, the concept of neighborhood in the historical contexts of Iran in the past and present based on Six variables were compared. The six variables are: concept, definition, position, geometrical structure, indicator element and shaping principles. From the systematic review of the principles of the Isfahan school in the historical neighborhoods of Iran with the principles of new urban development, a number of 10 indicators were extracted, which shows the commonalities and overlapping of these principles with each other, which covers the second objective of the research. From the systematic review of the principles of the Isfahan school in the historical neighborhoods of Iran with the principles of new urban development, a number of 10 indicators were extracted, which shows the commonalities and overlapping of these principles with each other, which covers the second objective of the research.

These ten principles are: 

Continuity (linking the city center with neighborhood centers), centrality and neighborhood territory, connection between the network of intercity roads and the network of main crossings of neighborhoods, hierarchy of access, hierarchy of space, flexibility of physical structure. , strong social structure of the neighborhoods, sustainability and architecture and urban design with quality and identity.The results showed that the principles of New Urbanism have many similarities with the structure and principles of urban planning in the historical areas of Iran, and these similarities led to the extraction of the ten principles mentioned, which on the one hand evoke the principles of native and Iranian urban planning, and on the other hand, look to the future. and will consider the needs of the contemporary period. Therefore, the redesign of neighborhoods can be as follows; Neighborhoods should be dense, pedestrianized and have mixed use. It should also focus on a specific use and, if possible, the neighborhood design principles should be based on a specific use of the neighborhood. Most of people's daily activities should be considered within walking distance. The street network should be designed in such a way that residents are encouraged to walk and the number of trips is reduced to save energy. Every neighborhood should have a specific territory with a neighborhood center and people of different age, race and income level should live in residential buildings with suitable size and price. Installing public transportation stations should be considered instead of using cars.

Environmental issues in the present era are facing various complexities that do not make the problems and problems arising from the urban environment simply possible with the technique of engineering interpretation and change in the body of Shahrivar, and in the meantime, the governance approach is appropriate. Relying on the responsibility of the energy manager and the citizens and increasing the interaction between the public sector, provides specific and public solutions to the problems of the urban environment outside the traditional framework. In other words, the approach to urban good governance examined issues beyond a physical view of the environment and with a systematic approach. The present study was conducted with the aim of structural analysis of urban environmental governance with a futures research approach and identifying its drivers in Tehran. In terms of nature, this research is based on the method of futurology, analytical and exploratory science and based on applied purpose. The available findings based on the condition of the scattering plate indicate the unstable system and there are other factors about the diagonal axis of the scattering plate. Also, among the 35 factors considered, finally, due to being over-influenced and directly influencing 16 factors in the title of Mick Mac output, the future of urban urban governance in Tehran will be influential. The results show that among the 16 drivers, five factors improve the role of urban governance in increasing people's participation, NGOs, officials' attention to improving the urban environment, promoting environmental culture and citizen participation and more associations in the governing environment The environment has and in terms of desire has caused.

Space has always been a place of thinking and theorizing in various scientific fields, including geography. Each scholar looks at space from a different perspective. In the meantime, in the present research, an attempt has been made to study the reading of the concept of space from the perspective of the actant-network theory and to obtain a new reading of the concept of space.

The aim of the current research is to identify the applications of the actant-network theory in reading the concept of space and also to expand new visions by using new intellectual-philosophical theories in looking at space.

The current research is a part of basic research and it is done based on the analytical method. The source of this research to discover applications is Bruno Latour's (1996) actant-network theory. In this study, the data were collected by referring to main texts and secondary materials (articles, theses, and books written in recent years about the actor-network theory) by sampling the texts (in a targeted manner). The purpose of sampling here is to theorize applications, not statistical generalization. Research

The actant-network theory defends the agency of non-human actors along with humans by rejecting essentialism as well as nature/society duality and believes that human actors are not superior to non-human actors and the whole is not in the hands of any of them. The application of the actant-network theory in the reading of the concept of space results in the acceptance of the principle of suspension in the knowledge of space, space as a syntagm, collective production of space, fuzzification of space, and multifaceted space. It considers space as a network and a black box.

Today, one of the phenomena that has an undeniable impact on the body, economy and culture of a city is informal and spontaneous settlements, which are often in the form of urban neighborhoods, has faced city management with challenge to be responsible for recognizing and providing services or not. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to explain the vulnerability in the suburbs of Urmia city. According to its purpose, the current research is of the applied research type, and according to the method of doing the work, it has a descriptive-analytical nature. To achieve the goal, after studying various sources, 12 indicators have been selected for Urmia city based on the opinions of elites, and the weight of the indicators has been calculated based on the BWM model in GAMS software. The highest weight obtained was related to the index of access to main roads and the lowest weight was related to the number of vulnerable people. Digitization operations, map editing, database preparation, standardization of indicators based on the purpose of research and their analysis have been done in GIS software. In the next step, the weight obtained from the BWM method is multiplied in each of the indicators, and finally, by using the weighted sum, the combination of indicators has been discussed to explain the vulnerability in the peripheral Neighborhoods of Urmia city. The results of assessing the vulnerability of the marginalized neighborhoods of Urmia city based on the combination of weighted indicators based on the CODAS model shows that the neighborhoods of Islamabad, Hajipirloo, Kuye Salar, Tarziloo, Dighaleh and Dizaj Siyavash have assigned the most to the least degree of vulnerability.

Introduction :

Among the most important consequences of the evacuation of urban centers, we can mention economic stagnation, population evacuation, unfavorable urban governance, a decrease in shopping demand, and lack of infrastructure investments. Therefore, the revival and revitalization of urban centers, as the beating heart of cities, play a significant role in improving the quality of life of residents. Business improvement district (BID) is considered one of the most successful methods with an economic approach to urban centers. The purpose of this research is to measure and extract the drivers of business improvement district in district 6 of Tehran with a future research approach. In using the method of business improvement district by revitalizing the centers in a city, it is logical and necessary to have a forward-looking perspective for planning and policy-making. District 6 of Tehran, due to its location in the center of the communication gravity of Tehran and the prevalence of informal economic jobs, has caused special traffic characteristics in this area. Considering the pattern of daily trips, the city of Tehran, District 6, has the highest number of daily trips.

This study is based on the new method of future studies, in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of quantitative method and in terms of its nature, which was carried out by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. The statistical population of this research for the future study of the business improvement district in district 6 of Tehran was 15 managers and experts specializing in the urban area. In the processing of information from the method of analysis of mutual effects to variables, based on the influence and the direct and indirect influence of each element has been used in MICMAC software. Using the Delphi method, 31 primary drivers have been identified. 

The result of the research indicates that the key driver influencing the creation of a business environment in district 6 of Tehran has not been identified. Also, two-faceted factors such as good urban governance, the performance of the municipality in providing services and facilities, the state of private and public sector investment, quality of buildings and materials in the housing and construction sector have a very high capacity to become key elements in the system. Variables like proper productivity of cultural and recreational capacities, the amount of travel in the region, the amount of customer attraction in the district, the development process of commercial constructions in the district, and the security of the entire district have been extracted as target variables, which indicate that the system can be developed according to its plan and purpose. Other variables have been extracted under the subgroup of regulatory, independent, and influential factors, which have an influential and passive position and cannot play a vital role in the dynamics of the business environment of the district. Therefore, the creation of a business environment in district 6 of Tehran is subject to special attention to the key drivers, which have the most points in the total of potential direct relationships and potential indirect relationships. The driver of “skilled and trained manpower” has the highest potential direct impact on other research variables. In the second place is the driver “level of social participation” and “driver of the state of social anomalies and harms” is in the third order of influence. By adopting a future research approach and taking into consideration the key drivers obtained in the current research, the decisions and plans of urban management will be directed and placed on a targeted path to improve the business areas of district 6 of Tehran.

By making decisions and carrying out measures such as education and training of specialized human capital, increasing motivation, competitiveness, and social participation, and reducing social anomalies at the regional level, it is possible to provide dynamic fields and business improvement district in the study area. This research can be a beginning for futures studies in the field of improving business areas. Evaluating the current situation of the extracted key drivers in the study area and presenting a strategic plan to implement the approach of business improvement district in the case studies of Tehran can be a topic for researchers in the coming years.

Earth metrics are usually the broadest and most diverse measurements of space metrics. Many of these metrics have been developed specifically for urban studies, focusing on spatial patterns such as density, sprawl/compression, centrality, land use mix, connectivity, or accessibility. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and based on remote sensing data. In this research, firstly, the land use map of 2013 and 2015 was prepared using Landsat satellite images and using ENVI 5.3 software with a supervised classification method in 4 classes of urban space, fields, gardens and man-made wastelands. . which shows the ecological changes of the green space of the study area in a period of 7 years. Then the land use changes of the region were prepared with the help of ArcGIS and finally analyzed using Fragastas software. The findings of the research show that the green space of the city of Soumesara is decreasing and turning into a man-made space, that indiscriminate constructions have had important effects on the ecological structure of the region, as a result of which the green and barren spaces are not used for residential purposes. and the highest rate of conversion of green space use to artificial uses and after that was waste use.

To evaluate and explain the role and place of urban governance in the process of intervention in the limits of worn out and inefficient tissues of Mashhad city. In this article, an attempt has been made to answer these questions, what are the features and dominant approaches in each period? Who are the main actors of each period and how do they play a role in this process?Research

This research is based on a qualitative approach and aims to determine the role and position of urban governance in this process. Observation, interview and questionnaire (targeted sampling) techniques have been used to collect the required information.Findings and

The results of this research show that two different and distinct approaches can be distinguished in the examination of a 30-year period (1370-1400). In the first period, the dominant approach of intervention in these contexts is renovation combined with an economic and project-oriented perspective, without taking into account the participation of residents and the local community in this process: In the second period, the approach of urban regeneration has been carried out with the view of attracting the participation of residents and the local community through facilitation and the creation of neighborhood development offices and changing the attitude of the government and the public sector from renovation and project-oriented to sustainable urban regeneration. According to the characteristics of activists of each period, different interests and interests as well as the power to influence other activists were investigated and analyzed.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate and explain the role and position of local activists in the process of sustainable regeneration of inefficient and worn-out tissues of Mashhad.In this research, an attempt has been made to answer these questions, what is the role and position of different actors with special emphasis on local actors in the process of sustainable urban regeneration? And how do they play a role in this process? This research is conducted with a qualitative approach in order to determine the position and realization of cooperation between the actors of this process.The strategy of this research is a combination of case study and theorizing. Observation, interview and questionnaire (targeted sampling) techniques have been used to collect the required information.The results of this research show that according to the identification of 57 active actors and the division of actors into primary and secondary actors (16 homogeneous categories), different interests and interests as well as the power to influence other actors, it is necessary to change the attitude in their role based on Collaborative governance should be realized.. In this regard, it is necessary to emphasize the need for a joint plan and program to manage the actors of this process, and there should be a strong leadership to support the presence of all actors in this process.The investigations carried out in this research show that collaborative governance in the process of sustainable urban regeneration in Mashhad city occurs when both at the macro and strategic level and at the operational level, there is integrated interaction and coordination between actors based on a joint action plan to be considered and acted upon.

The continuous development of urban population and their growing needs, widespread urbanization in the developing countries, demographic changes, environmental challenges, economic problems, urban transportation problems, advances in information and communication technology, and bureaucracy have made the smart city formulation and smart city governance necessary. Regarding the city of Rasht, it can be said that this city has not been able to imagine the future of development and make progress in the field of smart urban governance. The present study aimed to investigate the key driving forces of smart governance with a futures research approach. The study was applied and descriptive-analytical and exploratory in terms of method. Data collection is documentary and survey based on Delphi technique. The statistical population included all the urban specialists in Rasht. From which 45 people were selected as the sample using Rasco's rules through snowball sampling method. 8 components and 20 driving forces regarding smart urban governance were compiled and the questionnaire of interaction effects matrix (weight 0 to 3) was provided to the specialists. Finally, key driving forces were extracted using MicMac software. The results of the analysis indicated that the education of citizenship and raising the awareness, citizen participation and commitment of officials are among the first three driving forces of smart city governance in Rasht.

With the beginning of the twenty-first century, various policies have been adopted to manage the complexities and uncertainties of urban systems, especially in metropolitan areas. Meanwhile, Urban Regeneration (UR), as a policy focused on Inner-city, dysfunctional and rundown urban fabrics, has found an undeniable significance in urban planning and studies. Then, the main purpose of this research is to review, evaluate and investigate urban regeneration policy based on Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) method. Firstly, more than 300 scientific and valid texts in the field of urban regeneration were purposefully studied. After the final screening, 73 sources were analyzed in a content way as a selected document. In the second step, components and indicators of research variables were extracted and categorized. Results represent that the core categories of urban regeneration are: 1) principles of urban regeneration; 2) timeline evolution of urban regeneration policies; 3) sustainable urban regeneration strategies; 4) assessment frameworks of regeneration; 5) guiding theories for regeneration; and 6) land use-led urban regeneration. As a result, the conceptual model of urban regeneration was presented by focusing on expanded theoretical concepts. Considering extracted categories, the land use-led urban regeneration indicator has been noticed more in research studies, and the category of sustainable regeneration strategies has been given more priority. In contrast, the discussion of regenerative support theories, regeneration policy timeline and its evaluation frameworks are less emphasized than other issues.

Urban spaces are the arena of discourse of social classes, and the function of these spaces becomes clear to the various residents of the city in three basic moments: perceived, conceived and lived; The second-conceptual space of the city is the imagined or representation of the city space; this space is in the study of mental maps called the "conceived space" as the second dimension in the study of mental maps that has been considered.

In this study, this space is explored in the mental map of the residents of the formal settlements in the District 1 and residents of the informal settlements in the District 4 of Rasht

According to the nature of the subject; the method of data collection included "oral interview and field observation"; The types of information collected included: sketch maps, face-to-face conversations, note-taking and photography. To analyze the qualitative data of the research, the qualitative GIS (QGIS) mapping methods under the analysis of oral history to visual narration with the technique of spatial Kernel Density have analyzed the second-conceptual space in the mental maps of two urban classes.

The results of the research indicate that in the second-conceptual space of Rasht; a conceptual space reconstruction by the public sector with the role of mediator of urban capitalists in favor of the urban middle class is taking place in the conceptual context of the city. The mechanism of production conceptual space of Rasht city in order to attract the capitalists especially in the central part and development of the service sector in the center and north, and the decline of the manufacturing sector on the suburbs of the city.

The urban space is based on a kind of social relations of urban classes that are built and used by the ruling powers. Relationships that are defined in terms of the prevailing ideology and are produced and reproduced through spatial planning policies.

The growth of sub-urbanism in recent decades has led to the weakening of inner-city centers and the destruction of the social life of these centers. The most important consequences of evacuation of urban centers are economic recession, population evacuation, unfavorable urban governance, reduced demand for purchases and lack of infrastructure investments. Therefore, the revitalization of urban centers, as the beating heart of cities, plays an important role in improving the quality of residents’ lives. Business Improvement District (BID) is one of the most successful methods with an economic approach to urban centers and is expanding around the world. The aim of the present study is to measure and extract the drivers of improving business districts in District 6 of Tehran with a futures research approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and uses a combination of documentary and survey methods. Moreover, in terms of nature, based on a new method of future research, it is analytical and exploratory taking a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The statistical population of this study includes 15 managers and experts in the field. The results indicate that the key drivers affecting the creation of business environment in District 6 of Tehran have not been identified. Also, two-dimensional factors such as good urban governance, municipal performance in providing services and facilities, private and public sector investment status, quality of buildings and materials in the housing and construction sector, etc. have a very high capacity to become key players in the system.

Cities play a key role in promoting human values. Nowadays, population growth, widespread urbanization in developing countries, demographic change, environmental challenges, economic problems, urban transportation problems, advances in information and communication technology, and bureaucracy have necessitated the need for smart urban governance. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide a model of smart urban governance with a future study approach.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and exploratory. The statistical community is experts in the field of research. The sample size was determined using Roscoe rules 45 people and the sampling method is snowball.

 the key drivers of smart city governance were extracted from Latin sources as well as the Delphi method, 9 key drivers for the future of smart city governance were considered. In the next step, scenarios were developed for each driver and strategies were considered for each desired scenario. Finally, the model of smart city governance in Rasht was presented.

direct citizenship education, design of public participation opportunities, formulation of local policies, integrated urban management, create a financial model to allocate appropriate budgets, development of data communication infrastructure and access network, encourage investors, develop The law as a means of attracting private sector investment in public infrastructure, Creating open data portals, enacting strong laws to protect the privacy, providing online services and eliminating bureaucracy and careful planning of smart government at the national level, the highest score in achieving They achieved the model of futuristic smart city governance.

 Due to the expansion of cities and population growth, the study of residential satisfaction of residents to meet future needs and achieve sustainable development, has found a special place in various studies. Residential satisfaction is examined on the basis of many components and is considered as a tool for decision making and policy making. In this regard, the study of residential satisfaction in the city of Rasht as the largest and most populous city in Gilan province is important. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the components of good urban governance in creating residential satisfaction in Rasht with a future study approach. The present study has been applied in terms of descriptive-analytical and exploratory methods. Data collection is by documentary method as well as survey based on Delphi technique. First, 35 factors were identified as effective factors in residential satisfaction in Rasht according to the components of good urban governance and in the next step, Micmac software was used to analyze the data and the type of questionnaire was a matrix of interactions and According to the opinions of experts and specialists in urban planning in Rasht. The weighting of this questionnaire is measured by pairwise comparisons and the relationship between variables and numbers between zero and three. Finally, 13 key factors were identified and 29 possible situations were considered for key factors. The Wizard Scenario Questionnaire was also designed as an interaction matrix and provided to experts. the questionnaire ranges from +3 to -3 varying. management and integrated urban planning, participation of local citizens and communities, the existence of infrastructure and mechanisms necessary for citizen intervention and cooperation with the municipality has the highest consistency value among key factors in improving the quality of the Rasht city's residential satisfaction within the framework of good urban governance.the study of residential satisfaction of residents has been one of the most important research topics in various fields.  Residential satisfaction assessment is based on many components and covers a wide range; Such as social-components, cultural-components, physical-components, service-components, and economic-components There are several main reasons for paying special attention to this issue. From the first point of view, residents' evaluation of residential environments can be considered as one of the most important criteria for measuring the achievement of goals and evaluating the success rate of any project. From the second point of view, residential satisfaction is considered as one of the important indicators of the general quality of life of individuals. Rasht is the most populous city in Gilan province. For this reason, the existence of components of good urban governance in meeting the needs of this population and housing satisfaction of people is necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the components of good urban governance in creating residential satisfaction.

The present study is applied in terms of descriptive-analytical method, which in line with the basics of futures science, research on the situation of residential satisfaction in the framework of good urban governance in Rasht. In this regard, data collection in the theoretical part by documentary method and in the practical part by survey, has been based on the Delphi technique. Due to the fact that Mick Mac software and Scenario Wizard have been used to analyze the data, the type of questionnaire is in the form of a matrix of interactions and is based on the opinions of experts and specialists. To identify the key factors by Mick Mac software, after identifying the factors affecting residential satisfaction, an interaction questionnaire was designed. Its validity was conducted by experts in the form of interviews. The statistical population of the study is 20 experts and specialists (geography and urban planning of Rasht). The weighting of this questionnaire is measured by pairwise comparisons and the relationship between variables and numbers between zero and three. Then, different possible situations were considered for each of the key factors and interaction effects were designed in the form of a questionnaire. Then the questionnaire was completed by the statistical community and through the Ensemble feature in the Scenario Wizard software, the questionnaires were entered into the software.

 Mick Mac software and cross-matrix analysis have been used to extract the key factors affecting residential satisfaction in Rasht within the framework of good urban governance and the output of this software (key factors) will be used as input to the Wizard scenario software. 35 factors as effective factors in residential satisfaction in Rasht in the framework of good urban governance have been identified and studied with Mick Mac software to extract the main factors affecting residential satisfaction in Rasht (in this software the effect of variables on each other from zero to three Is valued). 29 possible situations were created for 13 key factors affecting the improvement of residential satisfaction in Rasht. The scenarios provided by ScenarioWizard software were 10,000 scenarios, of which 1294 are valid and 2 scenarios are highly compatible. Of the two scenarios with high compatibility, the first scenario shows the favorable conditions and the second scenario shows the critical conditions for the future of residential satisfaction in Rasht within the framework of good urban governance. In order to improve the situation of residential satisfaction, the possible probable situation should be strengthened and the possible critical situation should be weakened.

 According to the obtained results, the first scenario is the best progressive scenario for improving the residential satisfaction situation in Rasht within the framework of good urban governance. With the realization of this scenario, 100% of the determinants of residential satisfaction in Rasht will be achieved. All 13 key factors in this scenario are among the possible probable situations and there are no critical and static factors in this scenario. The possible situations selected in this scenario have many positive effects on the factor of improving the residential satisfaction situation in Rasht within the framework of good urban governance. The second scenario is a critical scenario that with the realization of this scenario, the situation of influential factors in the future of residential satisfaction in Rasht will reach its worst. It is better for the initial measures to be in the direction of resolving the critical situations so that the system moves towards stability and the influential factors in the first scenario have their positive impact process. Integrated urban management and planning, citizen participation and local communities, the existence of necessary infrastructure and mechanisms for citizen intervention and cooperation of non-governmental organizations with the municipality are among the highest values of compatibility related to key factors in the future of residential satisfaction in Rasht.

Extended AbstractIntroductionOld fabric is a fabric that has developed over a long period and is still surrounded by new-age technology. Although these fabrics had proper functionality in the past, these days they are functionally insufficient and cannot meet the requirements of their residents. Urban regeneration is one of the important policies of governments in dealing with old urban fabrics in developing and developed countries. Since urban regeneration is often implemented through frameworks that sometimes neglect the more vulnerable elements that are considered during the process of development, historically, this method has had destructive effects on the social and ecological well-being of people and the environment. Despite the policy's good intentions to ensure displacement issues, changes in such programs often justify the improvement of old urban fabrics for Economic profit by increasing housing stock or stimulating investment. Most of the displacements of people are due to social injustice and changes in such projects. To create fair spaces, the injustices in such projects must be addressed. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate and identify the effective factors of sustainable urban regeneration emphasizing spatial justice and providing appropriate strategies in this field in the Nemat-Abad neighborhood. MethodologyThe method of the present research is descriptive-analytic and in terms of purpose, it is placed in the category of applied research. The required data is collected through library studies as well as field studies such as observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The statistical population of the study in this research is the residents of the Nemat-Abad neighborhood located in the 19th district of the Municipality of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined 384 people, and to be sure 400 questionnaires were completed in this field. To identify the effective factors for urban regeneration emphasizing spatial justice in the Nemat-Abad neighborhood, the factor analysis method was employed. Consequently, the SWOT analytical matrix was used to analyze the information and provide strategies to achieve spatial justice in the regeneration of old urban fabrics in the Nemat-Abad neighborhood. At this stage, the statistical population is the officials and the experts of executive bodies related to the issue and academic experts who are familiar enough with the Nemat-Abad neighborhood. Since the number of experts, managers, and specialists in the field of regeneration of old urban fabrics is limited, we tried to prepare a questionnaire for all of them. Therefore, through the purposeful sampling method, 20 people were selected as the sample population. Results and discussionThe findings of the factor analysis method indicate that the old urban fabric and inefficient fabric in the Nemat-Abad neighborhood have a strong potential for the realization of spatial justice despite all the deficiencies and inadequacies in the current situation. This study revealed that the realization of spatial justice as a local classification has its special requirements, which include improving access to urban services (5.156), increasing biological support (3.802), providing grounds for achieving economic self-sufficiency (3.288), improving the trust and transparency status (3.07), improving the quality of housing (0.966), reinforcing the sense of belonging (1.851). These requirements respectively reduce their contribution to promoting spatial justice in urban regeneration. These six factors justify a total of 70.71% of the variance. Consequently, the results obtained from the SWOT method showed that in the group of strength points, the high active population (0.19 of final weight), and the existence of job facilities (0.18) are the most important strength points, respectively. These cases indicate that the number of economic activists in the Nemat-Abad neighborhood is high, and on the other hand, it indicates the low burden of undertaking in the neighborhood. Among the weak points, the options "Lack of motivation to invest in the fabric due to physical wear and tear" with a score of 0.2 and "Households' placement in low economic deciles" with a score of 0.2 have the highest weight. It can be concluded that in the approach of urban regeneration based on spatial justice in the neighborhood, due to physical wear and uncertainty of return on investment, investors do not have the motivation to invest in this context. On the other hand, households cannot take action to renovate and improve their residential unit because they are in the lower economic deciles. In addition, they will not be able to participate effectively in the regeneration processes from a financial point of view. Among the investigated opportunities, the options "the possibility to solve the lack of urban services and facilities in the fabric in a fair way" and "the determination and law-abiding officials to intervene in the fabric" are placed in the first two positions with a weight of 0.19. These cases indicate that solving the lack of urban services and facilities in a fair manner is a very important factor in achieving spatial justice in the regeneration of the old fabric neighborhood, and also the determination and law-abiding officials are among the most important options in accelerating the process of regenerating the old urban fabric. Among the threat options, "Continuing the process of settling low-income strata with the motivation of obtaining cheap housing" and "Not paying attention to the regeneration of old urban fabric" are ranked first and second with scores of 0.19 and 0.18, respectively. This indicates that most residents of the Nemat-Abad neighborhood are in the lower economic deciles, and also in this neighborhood, the regeneration of old urban fabric has not been paid enough attention. ConclusionAccording to the findings of the research, the provision of suitable and safe housing, the provision of required urban services, and their location and distribution in a fair manner are the most suitable factors for realizing spatial justice in the old urban fabrica in the Nemat-Abad neighborhood. Therefore, the necessity of reviewing the approaches, policies, actions, and operational strategies in the field of old urban fabric, with the approach of stabilizing the urban environment, is quite obvious. Therefore, to determine the best strategy for the realization of spatial justice in the regeneration of old urban fabrics of the Nemat-Abad neighborhood, offensive/competitive strategies (SO) are emphasized. Therefore, six strategies were proposed in this situation. The application of these strategies in the Nemat-Abad neighborhood provides the basis for the sustainability of various social, economic, physical, and environmental aspects and ultimately causes urban development and increases the life quality of the residents.

A B S T R A C TSince the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has affected urban life in all areas. Tourism, which is one of the elements of achieving sustainable development goals in the growth of cities, also faced problems. From the socio-cultural aspect, the central district of Mashhad is the birth certificate of Mashhad. Pilgrimage attractions are the main point of presence of Mashhad residents and tourists in the core of Mashhad. Besides pilgrimage, the presence of tangible and intangible cultural and heritage attractions can be a good opportunity for tourism development, business creation, job creation and the growth of the city's economy. The spread of Corona left an irreparable impact on the dynamic urban life in the central area. In this direction, in a descriptive-analytical way and in a library way, the indicators of tourism urban life were collected in six dimensions using a questionnaire, then with the help of spss software and by the univariate chi-square test and the univariate Wilcoxon test, the effect of Corona on the minimal prosperity And the presence of people in the central fabric of Mashhad was analyzed. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the observance of health protocols by tourists and residents in the central area of Mashhad, inflation and people's lack of financial ability, changing business hours during the day and night, and banning night traffic with the life of urban tourism during the third peak of the Corona epidemic in There is 2019. The support of urban tourism life in the central area of Mashhad is the way of tourists' presence in the order of environmental - health, economic and social aspects.Extended AbstractIntroductionThe religious pilgrimage site in the main core of Mashhad, which is well-considered as the main social and tourist gathering stocks with tangible and intangible heritage attractions, provides reasonable tourism, business, and economic development opportunities. With the outbreak of COVID-19, it left irreparable effects on the dynamic and 24-hour urban life of the central area, and the balance between the capabilities of the environment and the community was disturbed by the number of tourism activities. MethodologyAccording to the practical purposes and based on the nature of this research, the descriptive-analytical method has been used. The main approach is analyzing quantitative and qualitative data based on using the univariate Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests. In this regard, the statistical population included domestic tourists – including the 384 residents of Mashhad. They are randomly selected using the Cochran formula in the third peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (winter 2021). In order to achieve our research goals, one main questionnaire was planned in six social, cultural, economic, environmental and health, physical, and transportation dimensions to evaluate and re-evaluate the research. This specific questionnaire includes descriptive questions, multiple-choice and short answers, and our research data were collected through systematic random sampling. Then, the relationships between descriptive statistical data such as tables, graphs, etc., and the univariate Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests were analyzed by SPSS statistical software.  Results and discussionIn order to analyze the change, the tourism industry in the central district of Mashhad and the presence of people before and after the COVID-19 pandemicAfter this outbreak;The rate of outdoor activities such as walking have been studied with the support of the univariate Chi-square test. The quantitative rate of the presence of people is decreased after the outbreak of COVID-19;Social security has declined due to the forced shutdown and change in business hours, which means that the outbreak of Coronavirus has some effects on social security;The number of visits to commercial centers, shopping malls, and holy shrines dropped, window shopping, etc., are decreased dramatically;Using public transportation has been reduced after the COVID-19 pandemic;The rate of visiting the parks, monuments, historical and religious sites are decreased significantly;The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemics are inevitable in the economy, jobs and businesses;The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are remarkable on the daily and nightlife of the central district of Mashhad;The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are notable for the less participation of individuals in rituals and religious festivals in the central district of Mashhad. Based on a questionnaire, people do not prefer participating in these or even observing the health protocols. ConclusionThe cultural structure of communities and the historical contexts of a city are two valuable sources of its heritage that have suitable capacities to use and boost its cultural tourism. In this term, this development gives residents a new prosperous life and creates a new social and economic atmosphere for tourists.  But unfortunately, some factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, especially the third peak, failure to comply with the health protocols, economic sanctions, and the directorial decisions have damaged the urban tourism life. The findings show that the health policy observing health protocols while creating specific opportunities in the city in terms of the development of rituals and traditional festivals increases the rate of people’s participation and presence (residents and tourists) in the central district of Mashhad. But, incomplete infrastructure and insufficient view of urban management are barriers to activating and growing these capacities. The impact of vital factors on the threat to urban tourism life which contribute to decreasing the level of prosperity of the central district of Mashhad and changing the trend of urban tourism in the third peak. Mentioned by people are:1- The COVID-19 pandemic, failure to follow health protocols such as not wearing a mask, crowd and congestion, and lack of social distancing in religious and commercial spaces in the central district of Mashhad (environmental and health dimension) with the quantitative rate of 39.15 %;2-  Inflation, financial difficulties (economic dimension) with the quantitative rate of 38.95 %;3-  The change of business hours, the nightly traffic restriction (social dimension). Overall, urban management with reasonable and appropriate planning for any mentioned cases is able to redesign and revitalize the condition of the central district of Mashhad. Some of these suggestions are:Implement some policies to further comply and follow health protocols by local and tradespeople in this specific area;Appropriate management in ritual and religious ceremonies without any contact between individuals and the environment;Financial support from the government;Creating urban, social, and welfare services for security reasons;Retrospect the program of the public transportation network and control the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Today, the vulnerability of cities, especially old and dilapidated structures to earthquakes, is a global issue facing experts in various fields. This situation has become more acute in countries with endangered natural structures, including Iran, in recent decades. Dilapidated urban structures as the main boiling point of a city reflect the identity of that city, are unstable and vulnerable to natural disasters and phenomena, especially earthquakes. The aim of this study was to develop a model for reducing the risk of seismic damage in urban environments by considering the uncertainties. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study consisted of urban specialists and experts. The estimated sample size was 60 people. The results of this study showed that natural factors, housing quality, distance from special uses and demographic and economic factors have a positive and significant effect on reducing the risk of seismic damage in urban environments. Among the mentioned factors, the housing quality factor with an impact factor of 0.458 had the most impact and the demographic and economic factor with an impact factor of 0.131 had the least impact.