jalal haghighat monfared

Digital transformation and the integration of digital technologies in all areas of an organization, including in the bank organization, cause many changes and transformations and can create a competitive advantage for the bank organization and industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to overview on digital transformation maturity measuring models and the necessity of a model for the banking industry.

This research in terms of purpose was practical and in terms of implementation method was qualitative from type of overview. The research population was the articles related to the research field between 2015 until 2023 years, which among the 64 related articles, 39 articles were selected as a sample with the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool included taking notes of the articles, which the validity was confirmed by triangulation method and the reliability was calculated by the agreement coefficient method between two coders at 0.88. In this study, different digital transformation maturity measuring models were examined.

The findings of this research showed that were identified twelve models for digital transformation maturity measuring and the necessity of its implementation for the banking industry, which the salient and distinctive features of each were extracted.

According to the findings of the current research, banking industry specialists and planners to improve this industry can benefit from digital transformation maturity measuring models.

The purpose of the current research is to use the metacombination approach in order to design a native model of new product development. The research method is applicable-developmental in terms of purpose; exploratory in terms of the nature; and qualitative in terms of the method of implementation, and a meta-composite method. The statistical population of the research includes all sources related to the development of new indigenous products during the years 2000 to 2023, totaling 225 sources. For this purpose, by systematically reviewing the subject literature, articles indexed in WOS, SCOPUS, Science Direct and Google Scholar were collected, and 143 articles were selected based on the abstract; then 75 sources were selected based on the content, and finally 67 sources were selected through checking the author information sources as the final sources of analysis and synthesis of the selected findings. The selected sources were analyzed using maxqda 2020 software, resulting in 104 primary codes. Finally, the findings of metacombination led to the identification of 15 categories in the localization of new product development research.

 Today, there is increasing competition among various organizations, and one of the competitive tools is supply chain management. Existing pressures and disruptions for companies have led to working under uncertain conditions. Therefore, the supply chain must be made resilient. Such a chain is of great importance in the oil industry, which is one of the country's most essential activities. Accordingly, this study seeks to identify and prioritize the factors affecting a resilient supply chain in the oil industry.

 This research was conducted in one of the active companies in the oil industry. Initially, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 experts from the company, who were purposefully selected, and analyzed using the thematic analysis technique.

 This analysis identified 13 factors. In the next step, using the Best-Worst Method (BWM), these factors were ranked, with financial factors, flexibility, the use of experienced managers, the use of backup suppliers, and foresight being ranked first to fifth, respectively.

 Overall, it is recommended to focus on these underlying factors as the foundation of supply chain resilience.

The insurance industry as one of the sectors of the economy is affected by changes in business and trade conditions, and for its success, it needs to provide services and deal with business based on new economic requirements. Providing health for every people in any society is one of the fundamental human rights that should be given serious attention by governments and those in charge of affairs. This research has focused on the design of the network of knowledge management topics in Iran's health insurance industry.

This research is an applied study in terms of its purpose. Qualitative research method, meta-composite technique and Delphi panel were used to collect data, Shannon's entropy technique was used to evaluate criteria, and CASP was used as a tool for quality control of articles and synthesis of qualitative findings. In this research, 20 senior managers, experts and experts of key health system organizations in five major cities (Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad and Ahvaz) were selected and examined.

Based on the theme analysis, 6 main themes have been identified. These 6 themes are maturity, knowledge-based decision-making, structural flexibility, knowledge-centeredness, community’s, and localization of cloud computing. One of the main results of this approach is to increase the speed of reaction in the face of rapid changes in the insurance market.

The use of cloud computing in Iran's health insurance knowledge management requires technological maturity. Knowledge management in Iran's health insurance industry is of great importance due to its dynamics and complexities. Using an organizational agility approach based on cloud computing can improve this industry and ensure that insurance organizations gain more productivity from superior technology and access to big data. One of the main results of this approach is to increase the speed of reaction in the face of rapid changes in the insurance market. As a core infrastructure, the cloud provides the possibility of providing improved insurance services and accelerating decision-making processes and responding to customer needs. This approach can help insurance organizations enjoy a better user experience and, as a result, guarantee customer satisfaction and increase interactions with them.

Today, medical tourism is one of the most important branches of tourism and has many economic and social benefits for the country. Since Iran's rank, despite having suitable opportunities and relative regional advantages in this area, does not have a suitable position at the global level, it is necessary to identify and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities in medical tourism. This research is of a mixed type (combination of qualitative and quantitative methods) and has an exploratory nature, in the first step of interviews with experts, specialists and entrepreneurs of therapeutic tourism, the dimensions and categories affecting the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities of therapeutic tourism using thematic analysis in MAX QDA software was extracted. These key categories are: environmental factors, business factors, entrepreneurial platforms, technological opportunities, entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial characteristics and identifying entrepreneurial opportunities, then with the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique, the levels of key categories and the relationships between them are determined and introduced. became According to the results of the structures of environmental factors, technological opportunities and business factors have high influence and low impact. The constructs of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial consciousness have high dependence and low influence. Entrepreneurial knowledge structures, entrepreneurial characteristics, and entrepreneurial platforms have similar influence and degree of dependence. It is recommended that basic infrastructures, including culture building, establishment of information technology, and support for medical tourism startups should be included in the agenda.

It is necessary to benefit from the technological capabilities of the defense sector, to achieve the set plans and finally to strengthen the technology of the national sector, and the successful transfer of technology to the national sector can save foreign currency and develop the national sector, which is the best model to get out of dependence and problems in the conditions of sanctions. Research and development, of course, this requires knowing the factors affecting the transfer of defense technology and removing the obstacles ahead. The aim of the current research is to identify the mentality of national and defense level experts in relation to the factors influencing the transfer of technology from the defense level to the national level. This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive method and mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of data collection and analysis. The tools of data collection are structured interview and Q table. In the qualitative part, by conducting a structured interview with 16 defense experts and national elites and analyzing them using thematic analysis method, different opinions were extracted regarding technology transfer. Then, in the quantitative section, by completing 31 Q-tables and analyzing the obtained data using the factor analysis method, the mentality of the people of each group was identified, analyzed and investigated. The results of this research show that there are four different mental patterns regarding the transfer of technology from the defense level to the national level, and each of the mentalities has different concepts and characteristics compared to each other. The consequences of which will be the formulation of policies, economic consequences, technological consequences and political consequences.

The primary objective of this study is to identify and prioritize the religious mental models that influence business models among Iranian Muslim entrepreneurs.

The study employs a mixed-method research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Data were gathered through interviews and questionnaires. The interview sample consisted of 13 entrepreneurs from the city of Mashhad, while the questionnaire sample included 21 faculty members from management disciplines at Adib Mazandaran Institute of Higher Education. The collected data were analyzed using Excel and MICMAC software to identify and prioritize the key dimensions of religious mental models that influence business practices.

The study identified eight key dimensions of business models influenced by religious beliefs: business ethics, stakeholder importance, cultural context, institutional context, family-centeredness, customer orientation, the divine meaning of business, and business skills. Among these, business ethics, family-centeredness, and the divine meaning of business were found to have the highest priority. These dimensions reflect the deep integration of religious values into business practices, with a strong emphasis on ethical conduct, the centrality of family, and the spiritual significance of business activities.

The findings underscore the critical role that religious beliefs play in shaping the business models of Iranian Muslim entrepreneurs. Business ethics, family-centeredness, and the divine meaning of business emerge as the most influential dimensions, highlighting the importance of aligning business practices with Islamic values.

This research was aimed at designing and validating the third generation human resources training model in medical sciences universities of the country. The study is based on the fundamental audience (scientific community), descriptive objective, and cross-sectional time. In terms of the method of data collection, it is a survey. The community of participants of the qualitative part included senior and educational managers with experience in the medical sciences universities of the country. Sampling of the qualitative part was done purposefully and 19 people participated in this study. The statistical population of the quantitative part included all educational experts and employees of medical sciences universities of the country. The sample size was estimated to be 384 persons using Cochran's formula and sampling was done by cluster-random method. The data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In the qualitative part, the method of qualitative analysis of the theme and MaxQDA software was used. The initial model was designed by structural-interpretive modeling method and MicMac software and validated by multivariate regression method with SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that governance, politics and legislation, religion and culture, security and defense factors have an impact on social  and economic factors. Social and economic factors also have a significant positive relationship on structure preparation and infrastructure, interactions and communications, research and technology. The mentioned factors also have a significant positive relationship on executive management and executive management has a significant positive relationship on physical characteristics, scientific, intellectual, psychological, behavioral, spiritual and moral qualifications. These factors also have a significant positive relationship on educationaThis research was aimed at designing and validating the third generation human resources training model in medical sciences universities of the country. The study is based on the fundamental audience (scientific community), descriptive objective, and cross-sectional time. In terms of the method of data collection, it is a survey. The community of participants of the qualitative part included senior and educational managers with experience in the medical sciences universities of the country. Sampling of the qualitative part was done purposefully and 19 people participated in this study. The statistical population of the quantitative part included all educational experts and employees of medical sciences universities of the country. The sample size was estimated to be 384 persons using Cochran's formula and sampling was done by cluster-random method. The data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In the qualitative part, the method of qualitative analysis of the theme and MaxQDA software was used. The initial model was designed by structural-interpretive modeling method and MicMac software and validated by multivariate regression method with SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that governance, politics and legislation, religion and culture, security and defense factors have an impact on social  and economic factors. Social and economic factors also have a significant positive relationship on structure preparation and infrastructure, interactions and communications, research and technology. The mentioned factors also have a significant positive relationship on executive management and executive management has a significant positive relationship on physical characteristics, scientific, intellectual, psychological, behavioral, spiritual and moral qualifications. These factors also have a significant positive relationship on educational leadership and management and ultimately lead to the training of the third generation human resources of medical sciences universities.l leadership and management and ultimately lead to the training of the third generation human resources of medical sciences universities.

This article is a report of the research findings to provide an indigenous model and identify factors affecting digital trust by using the foundation's data approach. In order to achieve this goal and find out the effective factors of forming digital trust, interviews were conducted with experts and knowledgeable people in this field. The research method is qualitative-quantitative, and semi-structured and in-depth interviews were used to collect data, and the interviewees were experts in the field of information and digital technology and were selected purposefully, and then the data was analyzed and analyzed, and with the approach of Strauss and Corbin, led to the final model. In this process, 74 concepts and 24 categories were created and grouped into 6 axes. In the quantitative validation part of the model, structural equation modeling method was used. At first, questionnaires were compiled and their validity and reliability were examined. Construct, content, divergent and convergent validity were used to measure validity, and Cronbach's alpha method and composite reliability were used for reliability, and they were all proven, then distributed among the statistical sample. The statistical sample was 120 managers and experts in the field of information and digital technology. Based on the analysis of the questionnaire data, due to the non-normality of the data distribution, the research model was tested and proved by the partial least squares method with the help of Smart PLS version 2 software

The aim of this research, according to institutional and stakeholder’s theories and natural resources-based perspectives, is to examine the relationship between green management and sustainable performance and the mediating role of green innovation. The current research is descriptive and correlational in terms of its applied purpose and data collection method. The study utilized the correlation method and employed structural equation modeling (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) to analyze the data. Several criteria were used to evaluate the measurement model, including standardized factor loading, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), and divergent validity. T-values and R squares were used to evaluate the structural model, while the GOF criterion was employed for model fit assessment. Bootstrapping and variance accounted for (VAF) tests were utilized to determine the type of mediating role. Additionally, the cross-validated predictive ability test (CVPAT) index was applied to assess the model’s predictive capabilities. Results show that there is a meaningful and positive relationship between green management and sustainable performance and green innovation, and green innovation plays a (partial) mediating role between green management and sustainable performance. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that green management and green innovation can facilitate the improvement of organizational sustainability. Additionally, green innovation plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between green management and sustainable performance. These results indicate that implementing green strategies and innovation in organizations can help improve sustainable performance and environmental management.

Based on a resource-based view, businesses have become limited and dependent on ecosystems. Strategy and competitive advantage will be based on the qualities that make economic activities compatible with the environment possible. Various research has been done in greening and implementing the triple bottom line. However, there are main knowledge gaps in sustainable marketing research. First, little effort has been made to explain the impact of social legitimacy on sustainable marketing. Second, organizations are responding to the increasing pressure that puts more emphasis on recognizing and understanding the environmental expectations of stakeholders. Therefore, based on the resource-based view and institutional theory, we examine the effect of green management on sustainable marketing orientation and the mediating role of social legitimacy in small and medium-sized industrial businesses.

The current research is descriptive and correlational in terms of applied purpose and data collection method. The statistical population consists of managers and assistants of small and medium businesses in the three provinces of Lorestan, Ilam, and Kermanshah. The number of active businesses until 1401 in these three western provinces was 3123 industrial units. The data collection tool is a questionnaire delivered to 268 samples online and offline. In this research, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) were used to investigate and evaluate the justified relationships through social legitimacy. A two-step approach has been used to analyze the collected data. In this method, after assessing the measurement model in terms of reliability and validity, the structural model will be evaluated to test and confirm the hypotheses. The proposed criteria introduced by Hir et al. had adopted to assess the measurement model and the structural model, which include several criteria such as "standardized factor loading" (> 0.7), "composite reliability (CR)" (> 7. 0), Average Variance Extracted (AVE) (> 0.5), Normalized Fit Index (NFI) (above 0.90), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) (< 0.08), the coefficient of determination (R2) (> 0.1). The new CVPAT index, instead of the Stone-Geisser Q2 index (>0.0), has been used. The new HTMT index also evaluates the divergent validity of the structural model. The mediating role of social legitimacy was measured by bootstrapping and Variance Accounted For (VAF) tests. Ultimately, the F2 effect size index is analyzed.

Positive and significant relationships exist between green management, social legitimacy, and sustainable marketing orientation. Also, social legitimacy plays a (partial) mediating role in the relationship between green management and sustainable marketing orientation.

Originality/Value:

 In the current research, the effect of green management via social legitimacy sustainable marketing orientation in small and medium-sized industrial businesses in Iran is assumed. Based on the findings, the social legitimacy that follows the application and implementation of green management in small and medium-sized industrial Businesses causes these businesses to have sustainable marketing orientation.

Supply chain disruption is an event that disrupts the production of goods and services. Resilience refers to the ability of an organization to manage disruptions or the ability of the supply chain network to quickly return to its previous state, ultimately positively impacting the company's performance. Many companies cannot maintain productivity during disruptions, losing competitiveness, increasing business continuity risk, and incurring financial losses. Sustainability considerations in supply chain operations have become a key issue. A common concept in sustainability is the triple approach: economic, environmental, and social, which must be observed by supply chain members. Sustainable supply chain management development is not a limiting factor but an approach to improve performance.

This applied research study was conducted using a mixed qualitative-quantitative analysis with a cross-sectional survey method. The qualitative sample included academic and industry experts, while the quantitative sample comprised managers, heads, and experts in the studied company's headquarters, operations, and projects. Data collection tools included documentary studies, expert surveys, and a researcher-made questionnaire. Factors were identified using the meta-synthesis technique, screened with the fuzzy Delphi technique, and validated with partial least squares. The SWARA method was used for weighting and ranking factors. Supply chain processes were defined based on the SCOR model and ranked using the WASPAS method. The thinking process tools identified limitations in the third-level bottleneck process, and improvement solutions were presented.

The meta-synthesis method extracted the desired indicators, which were screened and localized using the fuzzy Delphi technique and confirmed by experts in 7 dimensions and 39 indicators. The initial model was validated with partial least squares. Among resilience and sustainability factors, the "Risk Management" dimension with a weight of 0.2241 and the "Considering the risk factor in decision-making" index with a weight of 0.1224 were the top priorities. It was concluded that risk management is crucial for business continuity and dynamism. Supply chain managers should facilitate their participation in identifying and controlling risks and opportunities while continually increasing their subordinates' knowledge and skills. Evaluations identified the "sourcing and supply process," "goods and logistics supply process," and "purchase planning" as the most critical bottleneck processes. The root of disruptions in the "purchase planning" process was found to be in the identification, estimation, and allocation of human, infrastructural, and financial resources. 

Practical suggestions for company managers and decision-makers include employing expert personnel in purchasing planning, drafting executive plans, using advanced tools for measurement, analysis, forecasting, resource allocation, identifying uncertainties, determining prerequisites, and managing main and support suppliers and changes, and reviewing and modifying the existing mechanism.

Technology plays a prominent role in the defense industry, and due to its key role in national security and defense capability, governments allocate huge budgets to this sector. It is necessary to benefit from the technological capabilities of the defense sector, to achieve the set plans and finally to strengthen the technology of the national sector, and the successful transfer of technology to the national sector can save currency and develop the national sector, which is the best model to get out of the dependence and problems in the conditions of sanctions. It is research and development, the current research was done with the aim of designing and explaining the technology transfer model from the defense level to the national level based on the expert opinion. Based on this, conceptualization, determination of influencing factors and operational solutions to improve the technology transfer process from the defense level to the national level have been considered. According to the purpose, the current research is in the category of qualitative research, and the method of its implementation is the qualitative method of grounded theory.The main basis of collecting information and research data was based on the review of research literature and conducting fifteen interviews with knowledgeable experts in this field until reaching theoretical saturation. After collecting the information, the codes related to the interviews were analyzed. Findings of the research obtained from the triple open, axial and selective coding stages indicate that the final model consists of 6 general categories (causal conditions, background conditions, intervening conditions, issueorientation, strategies and consequences), 16 sub-categories and 41 main concepts.The results of this research showed that the categories of technological progress of the defense sector, technological needs of the national sector, international sanctions are the factors influencing the transfer of technology from the defense sector to the national level, which results in the strategies of intermediary units, communication mechanisms between the defense sector and the national level, and the consequences It will be policy formulation, economic consequences, technological consequences, political consequences.

In this study, the future scenario of the impact of organizational excellence on marketing management in the field of universities was investigated. The statistical population of this study is the participants of specialists or experts. They need sufficient knowledge and experience in the subject, willingness, sufficient time to participate, and effective communication skills. Statistical sample of this research 10 industry experts have been selected for interview. Data collection tools in this research, field research includes books, articles, the Internet or any appropriate scientific source and reference of experimental findings and questions from elites and experts in related fields (interviews). After the interview, the information was analyzed. The interview analysis method is theme analysis. Team analysis is a method of determining, analyzing, and expressing patterns (themes) within data. The main themes extracted from the current research are human resources, value management and competitor identification. In the first scenario, the outlook for the next 10 years of the Azad University in Iran will not be considered very favorable if the current situation continues. With the continuation of the current trend, the share of university students is very small due to its capacities in our country. In the second scenario (rapid growth and connection with the world) it is proposed that Iran connect with the global economy by attracting more students. The third scenario is balanced growth and connection with the world. A 30% increase in student enrollment is one of the goals of this scenario.

The purpose of this research is to develop the strategies of small and medium businesses (SMEs) through redesigning the value creation network (business ecosystem model) with a dynamic business modeling approach. The current research community was formed by professors and experts in the field of small and medium businesses active in the food industry of Tehran. In this research, the opinions of 15 experts were used using a non-random judgment method. The process of data analysis was done in three stages. Identifying the components of the business model through interviews and using the analysis method; Determining the weight of the factors and the cause-and-effect relationships of the model components, through the questionnaire tool; Representation of the feedback process of the system behavior based on an interconnected network of feedback loops in the form of flow state diagram using system dynamics modeling. Based on this, in the phase of identifying the dimensions and components using theme analysis and during the familiarization phase with the data, the identified speech evidences (86 cases) from the text of the interviews were labeled in the form of 22 primary codes. Then, the initial codes were categorized into nine sub-themes and finally, one main theme. Finally, after modeling using the system dynamics (SD) method, the value creation network was drawn in the form of a flow diagram.

Effectiveness of innovative human capital performance of knowledge-based herbal pharmaceutical companies and adopting forward-looking strategies to achieve it is important. aim is to provide an effective innovative human capital.

Research approach is mixed. targeted sampling was done with 15 experts in the health sector and managers of knowledge-based herbal medicine units in the country. For model tesingt, 169 questionnaires were collected from the researchers of knowledge-based units of herbal medicine. data analysis for model discovery is based on grounded theory and structural equations for model testing.

The model with six main dimensions (market-oriented dominance), (innovative human capital), (herbal therapy cultural environment), (weakness of policy making, standardization and innovation creating valuing), (futuristic strategic management of health), (future market knowledge) and 17 components,126indicators were confirmed. the fit indices of the model were NFI=0.926, GOF=0.569 and SRMR=0.071, which indicates fit of the research model.

Managers by adopting strategies of increasing and sharing the flow of information and knowledge between specialist employees, project supervisors and other stakeholders in the supply chain - having a learning and forward-looking management style in selection, employment, training and how to behave with specialist employees in projects - adopting smart management style in business processes as market measurement, customer orientation, competition orientation, improving the quality of drug production and creating an atmosphere of win-win interaction with other knowledge-based enterprises and herbal pharmaceutical industries, can witness the effectiveness of human capital by gaining knowledge of the future market.

Digital transformation, as one of the main components of technological advancement and improvement of organizational processes, plays a significant role in optimizing the performance of tax organizations. This study specifically addresses a quantitative analysis of the effects of digital transformation on improving tax performance in a tax organization. The study was conducted using a quantitative method through surveys and statistical analysis. Data were collected via questionnaires from employees and taxpayers. The proposed model includes key independent variables such as fairness in digital service delivery, service transparency, technological system reform, digital governance and management, and digital ecosystem management. Additionally, the outcomes and consequences of digital transformation were identified as dependent variables, and the principles of digital transformation and transformative technologies were identified as moderating variables. The results indicate that implementing digital transformation in the tax organization leads to increased transparency, reduced tax violations, improved efficiency, and increased taxpayer satisfaction. This model can assist policymakers and managers in formulating and implementing digital transformation strategies in tax organizations.

 This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of schema therapy-based sex therapy on enhancing sexual self-efficacy and sexual quality of life among couples.

Methods and Materials:

 A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design was employed. The sample comprised 60 couples (30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group) selected through random sampling. The intervention group underwent eight sessions of schema therapy-based sex therapy. Data were collected using the Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale and Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) used to compare the groups' pre-test and post-test scores.

 The results showed significant improvements in sexual self-efficacy and sexual quality of life among couples in the intervention group compared to the control group. Emotional intelligence was found to be a key factor in these improvements, with participants in the intervention group displaying better emotional regulation and communication in their intimate relationships. The effect sizes for sexual self-efficacy and sexual quality of life were 0.45 and 0.50, respectively, indicating medium to large impacts of the schema therapy-based intervention.

 Schema therapy-based sex therapy effectively enhances emotional intelligence, leading to significant improvements in sexual self-efficacy and quality of life among couples. The results suggest that addressing underlying emotional patterns and improving emotional regulation are crucial for promoting healthy intimate relationships. Future research should explore the long-term effects of such interventions and assess their applicability across diverse populations.

In this study, a comprehensive classification for supply chain risks in the pharmaceutical industry is presented using the Bailey’s classical strategy method and the four-stage Collier method. Initially, through the examination of texts related to the main hazard groups, supply chain elements, considering resources and functions, and categorizing upstream supply chain organizations, primary industry, and downstream supply chain organizations within the industrial and market environment, infrastructural environment, and external macro environment were modeled. In the next stage, criteria related to the security and safety of the supply chain were identified. In the final stage, a two-dimensional matrix classification for the identification of supply chain risk factors was proposed through the cross-tabulation of supply chain elements with security and safety criteria. Based on this classification and utilizing the exemplification method through a synthetic framework, a detailed list of risk factors was compiled. The aim of this study is to propose a comprehensive risk classification for pharmaceutical industries.

Bailey’s classical strategy method has been used to develop a comprehensive classification of supply chain risks in pharmaceutical industries. In order to review the existing knowledge about supply chain risk groups, a systematic review of literature was performed. In the first stage, to find articles related to supply chain risks in the pharmaceutical industry, different combinations of related keywords have been used to search for articles in relevant databases. The selected articles were examined in three stages: extracting and classifying the main risk groups of the supply chain (the first dimension of the conceptual framework of classification), extracting and classifying criteria for a low-risk supply chain (the second dimension of the conceptual framework of classification), and applying the two-dimensional framework of classification to identify and classify risk factors of the supply chain.

A total of 77 articles were selected for review. Based on the analysis of these articles, 83 risk groups were identified. These risk groups were arranged into a model including upstream supply organizations, the main industry, and downstream supply organizations, considering the relationships between supply chain’s resources, functions, and outcomes in the industry and market environment, infrastructural environment, and external macro environment. In the next step, 30 criteria for a safe and secure supply chain were identified. These criteria are divided into two general categories: criteria for the security of the internal supply chain environment (criteria of resistant supply chain resources and criteria of resilient supply chain functions) and criteria for the safety of the external supply chain environment (criteria of safety of market and industry, criteria of safety of infrastructural environment, and criteria of safety of external macro environment). In the last stage, through cross-tabulation of resource groups with resource resistance criteria, function groups with function resilience criteria, and peripheral environment elements with peripheral environment safety criteria, a model for identifying risk factors in the industrial environment was proposed. Based on this model, 372 risk factors of the supply chain of the pharmaceutical industry were identified.

In this study, a new classification for supply chain risks of the pharmaceutical industry has been presented. The proposed classification is highly comprehensive, and the number of risk groups counted in this study is more than all the studies that have been done in this field so far. Most existing risk taxonomies are incomplete and do not follow a specific theoretical model. The classification of risk groups identified in this study has been done based on a model that considers the relationship between assets, functions, and outcomes of the supply chain. The risk groups identified in this study cover from the upstream of the supply chain to the main industry and the downstream of the supply chain. Many risk taxonomies focus on the pharmaceutical industry and do not cover the entire supply chain from raw material production to customers. In this study, cross-tabulation of resource groups with resource resistance criteria, function groups with function resilience criteria, and peripheral environment elements with peripheral safety criteria create an ideal model for identifying risk factors in the industrial environment. The classification proposed in this study can be used to evaluate the resistance and resilience of the supply chain. This model can also provide a suitable basis for identifying and evaluating risks in the supply chain environment. In addition, results of this study provide a very practical guide for choosing supply chain risk management strategies.

Pollution due to biomass burial, the possibility of producing clean energy from biomass and the high demand for ‎energy have made the optimization of the biomass supply chain network important and necessary. The purpose of ‎this article is to optimize biomass supply chain network at four levels in order to reduce economic and ‎environmental costs. The most important gap in research, resolved in this article, is the determination of the ‎desirable and undesirable outputs of the masses in the centers. Separating and considering the multi-period, multi-‎product mode with heterogeneous transport means. The research model is a two-objective linear programming of a ‎correct number mixed with uncertainty and disturbance, four scenarios were designed for this purpose. The model ‎was solved with genetic algorithm and MOPSO method and with Python software. Validation of the model was ‎investigated in a real case study in Fars province has been The proposed model has been able to implement ‎sustainability and resilience at the same time, which has reduced costs, reduced carbon emissions, and increased the ‎commercialization of energy production from biomass, thus increasing the willingness of investors to invest in this ‎network. It is supplied from the supply chain. The proposed model makes the amount of energy production 2.1% ‎lower than when the favorable and unfavorable outputs are not considered, which means it is much closer to reality. ‎By performing sensitivity analysis on real data, the efficiency of the model was proved

The importance of mass biology has increased due to pollution caused by biomass burial, the profitability of biomass energy, and the demand for energy in the supply chain network. The goal of this research is to design a model for the biomass supply chain network with an economic and ecological approach to reduce costs and carbon emissions. Research gaps have been addressed, which include determining desired and undesired process outputs, along with simultaneously examining material supply disruptions and final product demand. The mathematical model used is a mixed-integer linear programming model. The primary objective is to minimize costs, and the secondary objective is to minimize carbon emissions. To address this in a single-target function under uncertainty, the fuzzy TH mathematical model has been employed. Uncertainty and disruptions have been studied through scenario building. The model's validation includes a case study in Fars province, where the findings justify the construction of four power plants. The proposed model improved the accuracy of electricity production predictions by 2.1 percent. An analysis and sensitivity study was performed on the TH method's parameters and changes in customer demand values according to predictions. The results show that the proposed model performs well, achieving cost-effectiveness through the integration of economic and ecological approaches. It also successfully reduces greenhouse gas emissions, enhances energy security and stability, and demonstrates a positive impact.

Risks and uncertainty can potentially have serious consequences for enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation. This paper examines a practical approach to ERP implementation risk assessment in upstream steel industries that supports important project stakeholders such as the customer, contractor or developer, consultant and supplier to fulfill their obligations and the negative effects on ERP project performance in relation to the objectives cost, time and quality are minimize. In this study, after registering the risks and their initial qualitative analysis using the risk matrix, in order to analyze the data more accurately and reduce the volume of variables, using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software, the risks were categorized into 7 groups, then using confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS software was used to check the validity of the obtained model, and after removing 4 risks, the validity of the model was found to be satisfactory. For the quantitative analysis of the model using the FMEA method, it was shown that the risks related to the project management factor have the highest score, i.e. the highest risk, and the factor related to the internal people of the organization has the lowest risk score with a very small difference from the process factor.

The ICT industry is one of the most complex industries with superior technologies. Sustainable growth of companies in this industry is ensured by successful commercialization, which due to the complexity of the field, knowledge sharing between companies is essential. A careful review of the literature showed that there is no model for how to succeed in commercialization and its relationship with interorganizational participation in the ICT sector. Therefore, this issue was determined as the goal of the research. By reviewing the research background; Factors affecting the success of participation-based commercialization including internal and external drivers, participation, esources, dynamic capabilities, executive mechanisms and extraction performance were drawn in the form of a conceptual model. Then, by studying multy-case study, technological projects of ICT Research Institute, including (Antivirus Padvish, Native search engine project, SOC native operations center, communication equipment POTN) and content analysis, main and secondary themes of the model were extracted. Then, using a focus group consisting of experts, the results were validated and themes (propositions) were confirmed. The relationship between the components was also confirmed in the panel of experts. The final model is a combination of these factors that, according to the indigenous experiences of Iran, has led to the success of commercialization and can be the basis for policy-making for successful knowledge-based products.

The purpose of this study is to design a reinsurance model to enter international markets. In terms of purpose, this study is an application that has been done with a qualitative approach in terms of nature and form of implementation. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part includes 10 experts in the insurance industry and in the quantitative part of the experts of insurance branches in Tehran province, from which a sample of 384 people has been selected. The main tools of data collection were semi-structured interview and Delphi questionnaire for screening indicators and a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. To analyze the obtained data, content analysis method and Maxiquida software and partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used. The results of qualitative analysis by Max Kyoda software showed that the dimensions and components of reinsurance model design in international markets include investment, international marketing, strategies, market development, internationalization, internationalization attitude, international entrepreneurship and entry into international markets. Also, 48 indicators for these components were finally approved by experts. The results of data analysis confirmed all research hypotheses. Calculation of goodness-of-fit indices showed that the proposed model in this study has good validity.

Home appliance industry is one of the most important domestic industries of the country, which includes a wide range of domestic companies and factories directly and indirectly. Reverse logistics (RL) activities include the reuse, recycling, or disposal of used materials and products. The purpose of this research is to provide a strategic model for the implementation of reverse logistics in the home appliance industry. The present study is exploratory in terms of purpose and applied in terms of the type of use, in which qualitative research strategy and thematic analysis method are used. The statistical population consists of all executive and academic experts in the field of reverse logistics and home appliance industries. To collect research data, interview with 11 executive and academic experts were conducted. The number of interviews were determined by purposeful and snowball sampling. Data analysis showed that the strategic model of reverse logistics includes five main categories, including management strategies, technology development strategies, culture building strategies, financing and legal strategies, and cooperative marketing strategies. This means that, informed by more research and development, new strategies should be formulated in this field, attention should be paid to culture-building for cooperation, and finally the rules of the competitive market should be amended. The use of reverse logistics (RL) will help various industries, including home appliances, to achieve their resource recovery goals and move towards sustainable development.