leila keikavoosi-arani

Providing pre-hospital emergency services is accessible in Iran but costly for the country’s health system. This study calculated the willingness to pay (WTP) for pre-hospital emergency services in Iran. Discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to measure the population’s WTP for ambulance services focusing on time, price, and quality of services. Four hundred and sixty people in Rasht city, Iran, participated in this online survey. Participants preferred lower transfer fees (β = -0.7, P˂ 0.05), lower time of reaching to the scene (β = -0.061, P˂ 0.05), lower time to arrive to the hospitals (β = -0.038, P ˂ 0.05), Private ambulance (β = -0.151, P ˂ 0.05), and emergency medical services (EMS) technicians (β = 0.209, P ˂ 0.05). Patients’ WTP in selecting EMS services can help policymakers to provide the best services.

Providing safe care in accidents and crises by pre-hospital emergency aid units plays an effective role in reducing the burden of injuries and damages. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the provision of safe care by pre-hospital emergency units in Mazandaran province.

This research was descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional). The statistical population of the research was operational personnel of emergency units of selected pre-hospital emergency bases in Mazandaran province (N=165) and sampling was done by census method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to check the quantitative content validity using the content validity index and the content validity ratio. Then the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.82. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20 software. The ranking and prioritization of factors affecting the provision of safe care in pre-hospital emergency units was done with Friedman's test.

From the point of view of operational personnel of pre-hospital emergency aid units of Mazandaran province, 5 factors were effective in providing safe care in pre-hospital emergency aid units, which is the motivation factor in the first place (with an average rating of 3.49) as the most effective factor and medical equipment in the fifth place (with an average rating of 5.49), was the least effective factor.

Policy-making in the field of improving the motivation of the personnel of relief units and their training, providing the necessary manpower, managing relief units and improving medical equipment will improve the provision of safe care in pre-hospital emergency relief units.

Drowning is one of the most prevalent accidents in aquatic environments. Although drowning has been noticed by healthcare policymakers in the world today, the issue of drowning has been neglected in the safety management of students. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the predictors of adopting preventive behaviors from drowning trauma among students in the west of Tehran city with the approach of safety management.

This study was descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional). The statistical population of this research included all parents of students who were studying in the first grade of the selected public schools in West of Tehran city in the academic year of 2021-2022 (N=3000). The random convenience sampling was used and 340 parents participated in this study. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a new approach to safety management (preventing accidents by doing preventive behaviors) based on a protection motivation model (preventive behavior model), of which reliability and validity were checked. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 software and Pearson correlation test and linear regression.

The constructs of the protection motivation model explained 67% of the variance of the behavioral intention of protection motivation and 69.7% students had no history of taking swimming classes. The highest correlation was between behavior and perceived costs (r=-0.579 and P<0.01) and 237 students (69.7%) had never exhibited preventive behaviors of learning swimming techniques or gaining swimming abilities from professional swimming coaches.

A significant relationship between the most constructs of the protection motivation model by performing drowning prevention behaviors, as well as the strongest correlation between preventive behaviors and perceived cost structure, emphasizes the design of free educational programs to increase students’ knowledge and motivation in the field of drowning prevention behaviors.

The aim of the current research is to design a model to identify factors affecting the productivity of non-medical hospital employees. Today, all the countries of the world are trying to achieve a suitable position in the global competition scene and increase the welfare of people's lives by consuming fewer resources and producing more. Meanwhile, human resources, as one of the main factors and institutions of any organization, plays a significant role in the quality of the headquarters of that organization.

The research is applied and descriptive correlation and the data collection method is a questionnaire. The statistical sample of the research includes 135 non-medical employees of Maryam Hospital in Alborz province. Also, in order to test the research hypotheses, the Kolmogorov test, t-test, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation analysis, and SPSS and Smart PLS software were used.

The research results indicate that research and development variables, organizational capacity, government laws, equipment life, energy costs, workforce composition, work ethics, and management have a significant impact on productivity. On the other hand, the stability and job security variable have no significant effect on productivity.

The results of the research show that research and development variables, organizational capacity, government laws, equipment life, energy costs, workforce composition, work ethics, and management can affect the productivity of non-medical hospital employees.

Safety management is the process of determining, analyzing, estimating, and preventing risks, and hospitals need to evaluate it due to the high sensitivity and stakeholder expectations. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the status of safety management in the selected hospitals’ headquarter and clinical settings.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 10 available hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2018 with a sample size of 124 people. Data collection tool was a 115-item questionnaire in two areas: headquarters (safety and accident committee, organization, and structure) and clinical setting (operating room and inpatient wards), and its validity and reliability was approved.

The general status of safety management in 10 hospitals was assessed as "moderate", the difference between the mean scores of hospital wards was statistically significant (p=0.003). These scores were inversely and significantly related to the hospital bed occupancy rate (p=0.011), and also a direct and significant relationship was observed between the total scores of the safety and the accidents committee (p=0.005).

To strengthen safety management in the inpatient wards, it is necessary that the referrals be managed and coordinated with the service capacity of wards. It is also necessary to improve the activities of headquarter (the safety and accident committee) due to its direct significant relationship with safety management of clinical wards.

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in children. Most of the asthmatic patients are considered mild; however, 5-10% of patients suffer from severe disease Asthma has a considerable impact on patients' quality of life, especially among severe asthmatic patients. This study was designed to evaluate the quality of life in 8-12-year-old asthmatic patients.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017-2018 using the Persian version of PedsQLTM 4,0 questionnaire. A total of 140 asthmatic patients who referred to allergy clinic in Karaj , were diagnosed by an allergist with 140 healthy children as the control group were enrolled.

More than half of the patients and control group were boys (n=85; 58.6%). The mean total score of PedsQLTM 4,0 in the asthmatic group was 23.11 (SD=15.60) comparing to 8.96 (SD=9.89) in the control group (P<0.001). All different aspects of quality of life; physical performance, social function, emotional performance, and performance in school were significantly lower in asthmatic group. The quality of life score was considerably lower in patients with a history of hospital admission and patients with high steps of asthma severity (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the score of PedsQLTM 4,0 between girls and boys (P>0.05).

Asthma has a significantly adverse effect on different aspects of children's quality of life including physical performance, social function, emotional performance and performance in school in Karaj city.

Marine trauma threatens the lives of many people in Iran and other countries every year. It affects a majority of the young population who are in a critical period of life to be effective for the development of their society. Increasing awareness can have a positive effect on reducing these injuries. This study aimed to assess the awareness of sports science students about the factors that cause marine trauma.

The statistical population of this descriptive survey was all sports science students in the Islamic Azad University of Science and Research in 2021 (N = 325). The sample size based on Morgan's table and Cochran's formula calculation was 176 people who were selected by stratified sampling method. The data collection tool was a two-part researcher-made questionnaire including demographic information and questions. Data analysis was performed using SPSS21 software and t-test, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and one-way analysis of variance.

The knowledge of the majority of students (62.5%) about marine trauma was below average. The lowest score (1.86) belonged to "awareness of trauma caused by strong winds and storms" and the highest score (4.76) was related to "awareness of injuries caused by the bite of marine animals (sharks, etc."). There was no statistical l y significant relationship between gender and awareness of marine trauma. There was a significant relationship between age, education, and experience in swimming with the level of awareness of marine trauma in some components.

The majority of sports science students had poor awareness about the causes ofmarine trauma, which shows the need to pay attention to increasing the level of awareness of these students.

Despite the high prevalence of drowning in the world, global estimates may underestimate the real public health problem of drowning. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive extent of protection motivation model constructs in drowning prevention behaviors from the perspective of parents of elementary school students.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 340 parents of primary school students in the west of Tehran province were studied. Sampling was done by cluster sampling method. First, among the government schools in the west of Tehran province, 4 schools were randomly selected (2 girl’s school and 2 boys' schools with a population of approximately 300 students in the elementary school) (N = 1200). Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was estimated 291 people.Considering the 20% drop, the sample number was 349. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability and validity of which were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS19 software and Pearson correlation test and linear regression.

The mean and standard deviation of the age of the parents was 32.55± 7.50. The present research findings show that this model explains 67% of the variance of drowning marine trauma prevention behaviors. In this model, perceived severity (ß =0.157 and P = 0.011), fear (ß =0.150 and P = 0.011), perceived cost (ß-=0.153 and P = 0.019) and behavior (ß =0.213 and P = 0.004) significantly predicted drowning prevention behavior.

Due to the greater correlation between protection motivation model constructs with the observance of drowning marine trauma prevention recommendations, the design and implementation of educational programs by school health educators are effective for increasing the motivation of primary school students.

Organizations can manage knowledge inside and create organizational learning mechanisms to integrate Knowledge Management (KM) at their core of strategic policies.

This research was conducted to identify and prioritize influential factors on the effective performance of KM in a specialized cardiovascular on-call hospital.

The methodology of this study was cross-sectional analytical. The statistical population included all personnel with Bauchler (BSc) and higher degrees in a specialty cardiovascular hospital in Karaj City, Iran (N=452). The data collection tool was a researcher-made 38-item questionnaire. The reliability of the research tool was estimated as 0.97 using the Cronbach α coefficient. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to analyze the obtained data.

Based on the findings, 64.2% of the participants were females 48.37% had Bauchler degree. Five major factors were identified in the adequate performance of KM in hospitals, and they explained 76.21% of the general variance. Among these variables, technological and cultural factors (0.94) had the most and human factor (0.41) the least regressive weight. The knowledge management situation was lower than the mean score of the questionnaire (P=0.01, Mean±SD= 2.52±1.08).

Organizational culture and technology are more important than other factors to establish KM. Therefore, maintaining and strengthening the cultural components affecting KM and establishing the necessary information technology should be the priorities of universities of medical sciences.

Despite interest in improving performance management in universities, few studies have examined this topic. Because of the absence of validated tools in Iran for assessing behavior performance management, this study was conducted to validate the behavior performance management scale.

This study aimed to assess the psychometric adequacy of the Performance Management Behavior Questionnaire (PMBQ) for the heads of university departments in Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in four phases. The first and second phases included PMBQ translation and its modification in accordance with the educational setting. The third phase consisted of the content and face validation, and the fourth phase aimed to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of this scale. All 400 faculty members (200 for exploratory factor analysis and 200 for confirmatory factor analysis) were studied. After translation, the 27-item PMBQ was evaluated for validity and reliability. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were computed for content validity. For construct validation, the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The PMBQ reliability was assessed by the Cronbach α coefficient.

Considering eigenvalues above one, five factors were identified that jointly explained 58.22% of the variance observed. Based on the arrangement of the factors, they labeled as monitoring performance management (9 items), coaching (6 items), goal setting (6 items), communication (3 items), and providing consequence (2 items). Results showed that the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) varied between 0.51 and 0.60; composite reliability was between 0.7 and 0.81, and the Cronbach α coefficient was between 0.70 and 0.82.

PMBQ as a valid and reliable tool can be used for assessing the behavior of the heads of departments from the viewpoints of faculty members.

Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory respiratory disorder in children. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of asthma in 13-14-year-old adolescents in Karaj, Alborz province in Iran, using the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Totally 950 adolescents attending 40 schools located in 4 regions of Karaj city were enrolled in the survey. The Persian version of the ISAAC questionnaire was filled by 13-14-year-old students. Multi-stage clustered random sampling was used to divide the city of Karaj into four educational districts. Ever wheezing was reported in 22% of the individuals; 10.52% claimed to have wheeze in the last 12 months and 22.73% had during or after exercise. The experience of wheezing in the last 12 months was more prevalent among males (11.73% vs. 9.38%; p<0.05). However, having a history of asthma was higher among males (7.55% vs. 3.47%; p<0.05). History of hospitalization (60.8%), family history of asthma (49.4%), and history of food allergy (42.3%) were found to be the most frequent characteristics significantly associated with" ever wheezing" (p<0.05). The prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months, as a major index of current asthma, was 10% which was close to the national average. However, nocturnal cough and exercise-induced wheezing were higher in Karaj compared to other cities of Iran; which could be related to the high level of air pollution in this industrial area.

Occupational stress is known today as one of the biggest challenges to higher education policy-makers. Students with high levels of stress find themselves lacking in self-confidence, vulnerable in controlling academic processes, and unable to compensate for clinical weaknesses. The main purpose of this study was to assess the levels of occupational stress among clinical dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran.

This study was a descriptive-analytic research with a cross-sectional design. The statistical population included all dental clinical students enrolled in the 7th, 9th, and 11th semesters in 2018 (n=84). According to the Krejcie and Morgan’s table, the sample size was 70. The data were also collected through the Osipow Occupational Stress Questionnaire, and then analyzed using the SPSS Statistics software (ver. 22). Besides, t-test was employed to investigate the relationship between variables and stress.

The results revealed that the mean score of the students was 150.8. The mean total stress in the age group above 26 years was also 158 and that was 147 for those under the age of 26 (P-value=0.027). Besides, the mean score of overall occupational stress was equal in women and men. Comparisons also demonstrated that students in the 9th and 11th semesters (mean=161) were undergoing more stress than the ones enrolled in the 7th semester (mean=147) (P-value=0.014).

It was concluded that these clinical dental students were suffering from moderate-to-severe occupational stress. Likewise, older students had more stress than younger counterparts did. As well, male and female students’ levels of occupational stress were the same. Resolving this issue accordingly required special attention by higher education policy-makers to provide support and counseling in this respect.

Self-care helps older people manage their own health and stay independent by delaying disability. This study aimed to apply the Backman Model in determining the dimensions of self-care and the factors affecting it in the elderly in Tehran.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 elderly members ofnursing homes by systematic random sampling. Data gathering tool included demographic characteristics and self-care behaviors, self-care orientation, life satisfaction assessment, self-confidence, social support, and functional capability. The Chi-square and Pearson correlationand regression analysis were used with a significance coefficient of 0.05. The data were analyzed in SPSS v. 19.

 The total mean ages of elderly were 69.11±7.51, 42.5% male. There was significant difference between the types of self-care and gender only in the dimensions of work habits (P<0.001) and medical treatment (P<0.001). Pearson correlation indicated there was a direct and positive relationship between self-care type and self-care orientation (r=0.662, P=0.01). The relationship between self-care type and social support was negative (r=0.075, P=0.01).

 Factors such as life satisfaction, functional capacity, social support and self-confidence are associated with self-care in the elderly. It is suggested that health system policymakers formulate support programs for the elderly in various forms, such as the elderly access to transportation program, facilities, tax exemptions, etc.

In modern societies increasing tend to cosmetic surgery is worrying concern. This study was conducted to determine Affecting personality traits on tendency toward cosmetic surgeries among students of Alborz medical sciences university.

This study was cross sectional ( descriptive- analytical ) study. The statistical population was 1563 students from Alborz medical sciences university. The sample size was 352 students that were selected by s random sampling methods. NEO questionnaire (with 60 question) used for measuring the personality traits of the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS 10 software Chi-squared test was used for comparing frequencies.

Among Students who were interested or performed cosmetic surgery 32.14% were extraverted, 25% were conscientious and well-organized, 21.48% were openness, 14.28% percent were neurotic, 7.1% percent were Agreeableness to the cosmetic surgery.

The most effective personality trait on tendency toward cosmetic surgeries was extraversion and the least one, was agreeableness. The current study findings showed the impact of the psychological factors in request for cosmetic surgery. According to the findings of the study , the age of audiences and personality traits had a significant relation with tendency to the cosmetic surgery, Policymakers and university officials, with design and implement workshops in raising awareness of the students about the negative and positive dimensions of these surgeries, and preventing from the blind imitation.

Hospital services need a targeted system for planning, improving and evaluating the quality of the services provided according to their complexity. Accreditation is a systematic assessment of healthcare centers with specific standards that emphasizes on continuous improvement of quality, being patient-centered and improving the safety of patient and staff. The current study was done to investigate the challenges of establishing the 3th edition of Iranian national accreditation standards in the hospitals affiliated to Islamic Azad University.
In this descriptive-applied study, 239 employees (37 directors, 143 nursing staff and 59 physicians) participated in the study from two educational, research and therapeutic hospitals of Bu-Ali and Amir al-momenin. Nursing staff and physicians were selected by simple random sampling and managers by census method. The measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which designed by the Likert [completely agree (5) to completely opposed (1)] scoring system. The data were analyzed using ANOVA by SPSS. ver20 statistical software.
The most challenges of accreditation implementation from the viewpoint of participants were lack of personnel (87.87%), high number of standards and measures (81.17%), encountering the hospital's medical staff with heavy shift work (79.92%), the lack of budget (75.73%), and non-participation of physicians (62.76%).
The results showed that the greatest challenge in implementing accreditation standards from the manager's and physician's viewpoint was the lack of personnel and from the nursing staff's viewpoint was encountering the hospital's medical staff with heavy shift work

Based on self-regulation learning theory, cognitive components are considered motivational and academic performance of a series of intertwined and related entities. This study investigated the relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs and academic performance of students enrolled at Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2016.
:In this analytical cross-sectional study, 352 students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences studying in year 2016 were enrolled in the study through stratified random sampling. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) assessment device was used to collect data and the students’ average scores were used to assess the academic performance of Students intheir course works. The data were analyzed by SPSS-V. 19 software using descriptive statistics and ANOVA, t-test and Pearson correlation co-effiicients.
There was a positive and significant correlation between the dimensions of cognitive learning strategy and academic achievement. (p It seems that by designing educational intervention strategies for self-regulation learning and strengthening motivational beliefs in students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences, better academic achievements can be anticipated.

Background and Providing excellent patient care requires effective leadership. The aim of this study was to codify accreditation standards based on scientific evidences and local conditions for management and leadership in hospitals in Iran. In this applied study the codification process lasted for three years (2007-2010) and several activities were done in different stages. They were reviewing the accreditation standards of selected countries, reviewing the standards of Iranian hospital evaluation, forming expert panel and determining the type of accreditation model, preparing a standard draft and feedback form, organizing symposium and expert panel, performing a pilot study, holding workshops and subsequent revisions, codification and notification standards. National hospital accreditation standards for leadership and management in Iran consists of 9 categories and 151 standards (65 clauses, 86 sub clauses) including governance, executive, chairmanmanaging director, hospital administration, management of educational and research activities, risk management, crisis/disaster management, failures and adverse events, and financial management. Financial management included most of the standard clauses (24 clauses and 23 sub clauses). Hospital managers play an important role in developing hospital accreditation standards in different wards and departments (clinical and non-clinical), patient safety, and quality improvement

Patient safety is a management dilemma. Today, clinical risk management is an important part of hospital management. This study was conducted to determine the overt threats affecting medical errors within public hospitals in Tehran province.This study was descriptive survey. The study,s target population included all process owners (12-person teams) of public hospitals in Tehran province. The sample size was 396 individuals selected using stratified sampling. An investigator designed Questionnaire for data collection were used to collect needed data. After collecting evaluated using the software (SPSS17) and utilizing "factor analysis".Results showed that the participants believed four overt threats were affecting medical errors within public hospitals in Tehran. These four threats explained 14.45% percent of the total variance. the most prominent threat among these four threats were related to healthcare providers (7.81 percent of total variance), and the list prominent was related to work environment (1.81 percent of total variance).Through the design and implementation of an effective system for managing the threats identified in public hospitals, particularly in the area of the major threat, “healthcare providers” we can be expect these centers to become more reliable and safe centers

According to the 20-year vision and goals of development programs in Iran, Moving toward improving patient safety and quality are basic priorities of health system. The necessity to respect the rights of patients as one of the most important duties of health care services was approved by the arena of national and international experts but the major challenge is in the run method and manner to ensure that these rights are observed. This study carried out for supporting the rights of patients through the Accreditation Standards of Patient rights in Iranian hospitals. This study was an applied health management research after a systematic review about accreditation standards and patient rights statements, drafting standards Accreditation Patient Rights in Iran, developing an attitude checklist based on it, a corresponding attitude assessment was held during the symposium for several different groups of experts from around the country. It continued with the pilot study and face to face attitude assessment of experts from related offices of Ministry of Health, medical universities of Tehran province, and pilot hospitals and ultimately, Accreditation standards of patient’s rights after the full matching with comprehensive Bill of patient rights, were developed. Accreditation standards of patient rights in Iran, was arranged through 15 Heading standards and 46 subheading standards which include: Information (10subheadings), desirability of health services (3 subheadings), vulnerable groups (1 subheading), the patient being at the end of life (2 subheadings), confidentiality of information (2subheadings),privacy (6 subheadings), patient’s family (1 subheading), respond patient’s need of worship and belief (1subheading), education (1subheading), free will and participation (5 subheadings), informed consent (5 subheadings), how to get cost of services (3 subheadings), efficient complaining system (3 subheadings), Measuring patient satisfaction (2 subheadings) and the policies and procedures (1 subheading). So, Providing patient rights, require to spread appropriate and systematic culture; accreditation as an external assessment model, giving the hospital the standards that establish a comprehensive and systematic management and promoting patient centered, safe and qualitative culture and it is an appropriate method.