m. khodadadi

The occurrence of behaviors contrary to chastity and public morality in any society is certain and undeniable. What seems important in this regard is the type of reaction adopted by the government towards the mentioned behaviors. The strategy chosen by some societies shows their criminalization in the framework of criminal law. The present study was formed with the aim of investigating the place of ethics in the criminalization of criminal offenses in the legal system of the Islamic Republic.

Regarding the concept of criminal phenomenon and its relationship with morality, it can be said that although the most common definition of crime is taking a stance towards actions against social order, but with a closer look, it can be said without a doubt. The same concept of social order cannot be investigated without considering the moral tendencies of a society. In Iran's criminal law, the criminalization of prohibited behaviors is influenced by ethics, and in other words, most laws and principles in the field of criminal law are rooted in moral rules. Therefore, the origin of the crime is the process of criminalization, a process by which the legislator, taking into account the basic norms and values of the society and relying on his accepted theoretical foundations, prohibits the current act or omission and for that, he imposes a criminal execution guarantee. The criminal phenomenon, which has a basic and social concept, is considered to be a behavior that hurts the strong and specific states of the collective conscience. The legislator, with emphasis on culture and customs, as well as political, ideological and economic considerations, proceeds to criminalize acts. It is criminal. Decriminalization and "reduction of criminal inflation" is the current issue of the judicial and law enforcement agencies and not only in our society but also the topic of discussion in the world community.

One of the important challenges in the agricultural sector is the low use efficiency of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, as well as the competition of weeds with crops. In this regard, it is important to use management solutions to reduce the use of chemical inputs. To increase the quality level of food used by humans while reducing environmental pollution. One of the management solutions is the use of controlled-release fertilizers. Considering the desire to increase the quantity and quality of the coriander plant and also to identify the best-studied genotype, research was conducted in this field to investigate the effect of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer and the competition of weeds in the region on the agricultural and medicinal properties of different genotypes of coriander. 

The experiment was carried out in factorial form based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the teaching and research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Shahed University of Tehran in the 2019 season. An experimental treatment consisted of three factors including: 1) nitrogen fertilizer sources (Control treatment: without nitrogen fertilizer; SCU: with rate of N, 70 kg ha-1, and urea: with rate of N, 70 kg ha-1), 2) genotypes (Nahavandi, Pishgam and, Ethiopia), and 3) weeding (weedy and weeding by hand). The experimental plot size was 2×2 m2 dimensions with a plant spacing of 25 cm ×10 cm. A space of 1.5 m between plots and 2 m between blocks were maintained. At the end of the growth period, coriander plants of 1 m2 per plot were harvested, and fruit yield per plot was measured. Also, in the plots under weed competition, the competition index was evaluated. Sampling of weeds was done in two stages (in the growing stage of the main plant and another in the ripening stage of the seeds) using quadrats of 30 x 30 cm and the abundance and biomass of each plot was calculated. To evaluate the percentage of the essential oil of coriander seeds, the Clevenger device was used with the steam distillation method to identify and determine the essential oil compounds extracted from the gas chromatography device.

Related to the competitive indices, results showed that, the Pishgam genotype had the highest ability to withstand competition (%), and the lowest yield loss (%), and, the Nahandi genotype had the lowest ability to withstand competition (%) and the highest yield loss (%). It seems that the Pishgam genotype was more successful in competing with weeds due to its early maturity and higher germination rate. So, it has a higher ability to tolerate weed competition than other genotypes. Regarding fruit yield, the findings of this experiment revealed a significant increase in yield with the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the weeded plots. Additionally, the Ethiopian genotype exhibited the highest fruit yield among the weeded plots. However, the fruit yield of genotypes did not show significant differences in the un-weeded plots. This suggests that weed competition significantly limited fruit yield compared to the inherent characteristics of the genotypes assessed in this trial. Ethiopian genotype showed the highest percentage of essential oil in all nitrogen fertilizer sources. In the Pishgam genotype, the most essential oil was obtained in the sulfur-coated urea treatment but, in the Nahavandi genotype, the most essential oil belonged to the control fertilizer treatment. Due to the difference in the genetic structure of genotypes, various results have been observed, which can be due to the difference in the fertility of different genotypes. Also, the results of this experiment showed that the main composition of coriander essential oil is linalool.

The results showed that N fertilizer and weeding significantly increased seed yield. And the Ethiopian genotype had the highest seed yield and essential oil in weeded plots. Also, the Pishgam genotype had the highest Ability to withstand competition (%) and the lowest Yield loss (%).

The issue of energy limitation has gained attention as a crisis faced by societies. Buildings play a major role, in energy consumption making it crucial to accurately predict their energy usage. This prediction problem has led researchers to explore machine learning techniques in the field of energy efficiency. In this study we investigated the performance of used machine learning methods like Random Forest (RF) Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) Linear Regression (LR) and deep learning methods for predicting building energy consumption. The findings revealed that deep learning outperformed methods in solving this problem. To address this we proposed a voting based solution that combines three CNN models with structures and a Deep Neural Network (DNN) method. We applied our proposed method to the WiDS Datathon dataset and achieved promising results. Each of the deep learning methods used in the proposed method provide suitable results and finally, the voting them is done by the averaging. Due to the fact that the proposed method obtains the final result from voting regression models with high accuracy, it is considered a robust model that will be able to provide a suitable prediction against new data.

This study aimed to examine the effect of fatty acid in the diet on changes the incidence of the Red-head Syndrome under temperature stress and hypoxia in white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during 8 weeks. For this purpose, shrimps were fed  by 4 diets  (diet 1: containing 7.02% of total fat; diet 2: containing 6.41% of total fat; diet 3: containing 8.05% of total fat; diet 4: containing 6.41% of total fat with 1750 mg/kg of vitamin E), under 3 stressors (S1: no challenge to environmental stresses; S2: with hypoxic stress (2.0±1.0 ppm); S3: with increasing temperature stress (36±2°C). The results of the hypoxic stress on the incidence of redness in L. vannamei fed with different levels of fatty acids showed that there were differences significantly (p<0.05). Temperature increase although showed no differences between healthy shrimps(p>0.05) but, there were significant difference among red-headed shrimp in treatment 1, 2 and 3 (p<0.05). The examination in treatments 2 and 3 showed hepatopancreatic  were loss the columnar structure so thatelongated cells and dilated tubules were observed. Some B cells had no vacuoles and were not fully developed. The number of R cells was low and basophilic F cells were convex. In treatment 4, the cells have few reserves and were normal. Some B cells were degenerated. The height of the tubules was lower than normal, but no inflammatory reaction was observed in the tissue. In treatment 4, cell showed  better conditions than treatments 2 and 3. Accordingly, B cells were present well and R cells showed moderate storage. In general, it can be concluded that the use of vitamin E can reduce the complication of redness and minimal cell damage to hepatopancreatic tissue in L. vannamei.

The aim of present study is to evaluate thedisinfection efficiency and regrowth control of microorganism in urban wastewater effluent using cold atmospheric plasma. Two voltages of spark of 20 and 25 kV were applied to wastewater samples of Tehran wastewater treatment plant, Tehran, Iran on 1, 3, and 6 min using oxygen gas supply. The physicochemical characteristics of the effluent sample were determined before and after the treatments. The disinfection efficiency was assessed based on the total colony count and total coliform. The results showed that the COD, BOD5, and the total nitrogen became less than the maximum allowed for agriculture purposes in both treatments, however, this reduction was significantly more in the higher voltage. In terms of bacterial regrowth after disinfection, disinfection efficiency was 100 percent at the beginning of the experiment in all spark treatments, however, total coliform population has become higher than the allowed limit after only one day. This confims the importance of investigating microbial regrowth in wastewater disinfection studies. The spark plasma had no effect on permanent and irreversible inactivation of the total coliform and microbial regrowth occurred.

The flowforming process is a chipless metal forming process that is used to produce precise thin walled tubes. Manufacturing of internal gears using flowforming process is a difficult-to-achieve, but very interesting process in which the gear may be produced without the need for high forming forces and r high tooling cost. In this study, manufacturing of internal gears using flowforming process is studied. The process has been numerically analyzed and simulated. The plastic behavior of the material, and friction conditions were determined using tensile and friction tests, respectively. Several controlled test were performed to evaluate the validity of simulation results. A comparison of simulation and experimental results indicates very good agreement. Once the simulation is verified, the effects of roller diameter, thickness reduction percentage, feed rate and attack angle on tooth height were obtained using design of experiments (DOE) procedure. According to DOE results, attack angle (α), thickness reduction percentage (T), interaction between roller diameter and attack angle (D×α), and interaction between roller diameter and feed rate (D×f) are the most significant parameters affecting the tooth height. The tooth height increases with increasing the roller diameter and thickness reduction, but decreases with increasing the feed rate and attack angle.

Nowadays, to mitigate global warming, soil can play a significant role as a pool of terrestrial carbon. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the effect of climate on the radiocarbon Mean Resistance Time (MRT) in surface and subsurface soils in some of rangelands of Khuzestan Province, Iran. This way, rangelands were selected under different climates in two regions called Izeh and Ramhormoz. In both regions, the control profiles were studied to determine physical and chemical properties of the soil, carbon forms and 14C (carbon-14 isotopic ratio). The results showed that the MRT of the corresponding depths of Ramhormoz profile (with lower mean annual rainfall) was far higher than those of the Izeh profile, due to higher turnover of fresh organic matters in Izeh rangeland. Unlike Izeh profile, the MRT in Ramhormoz profile did not increase with depth owing to clay content and topographic position of the region i.e. being a depositional site. Overall, the age of carbon-14 in the top horizons of the study areas was mostly affected by factors such as climate, land management and the presence of decomposition sensitive forms of carbon. While, in deep soil the age of carbon was affected by other factors, especially soil taxa, clay content, topographic position (erosional or depositional sites) and discontinuity in soil parameters such as bulk density than by climate.

we discuss about the determination of the output levels of a decision-making units with the preference of cone constraints when some of the outputs are undesirable. The output levels of a DMU is estimated when some or all of its input components are increased and its current efficiency level is improved. To estimate the output levels, the inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) and multi objective linear programming models are used.

Pavement as a multi-layer structure is subjected to various distress mechanisms suchas permanent deformation (Rutting) in its service time. Rutting resistance evaluation is one of theimportant components of pavement management system which plays a substantial role in the effectivestrategic development of pavement rehabilitation and maintenance. Improving the rheological propertiesof bitumen using one of the various additives is one of the practical approaches to reduce the ruttingpotential in the asphalt mixture. In this study, basic bitumen with an 85/100 penetration grade (PG58-22)was modified by 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% poly phosphoric acid by weight of bitumen. The rutting resistanceimprovement of modified bitumen was investigated according to Superpave protocol. For this purpose,temperature sweep and frequency sweep tests were performed on all bitumen at 46, 52 and 58 oC. Also,rutting resistance improvement ratio was calculated based on the Superpave specification (|G*|/sinδ),Shenoy specification (|G*|/[1-(1/sinδ×tanδ)]) and zero shear viscosity. This ratio was employed to rankthese specifications. The results of this study represent an improvement in rutting resistance of modifiedbitumen. According to specification ranking results, it can be concluded that zero shear viscosity has morepotential and credibility to predict rutting damage occurrence as compared to Superpave specificationand Shenoy specification.

Due to the growth in Aquatic system and their health and economic well being of forming system is very important.Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) is one of the breading fish of cyprinus family that feed from phytoplanktons in water.Howere environmental condition of breading fileds mount be consider to obtain a optimal statu and fertilization of them to growth of biomass and diversity of phytoplanktons for growth silver carps. Shoshtar city is in east North of khozestan province with sustainable water rivers to breading of warm water fish.This study was started on biomass effect and density of phytoplankton on silver carp fry with 2.5 gr in polycalture farms. The stady was started from July 1391 and up to 45 days in Fourth stages of physical and chemical parameters of water Do, Temperatur, Electrical conductivity, Nitrate, phosphate,TDS, pH and chlorophyll a (biomass) as well as measurement and weight charachteries indetify and determine the length juveniles and phytoplankton concetrion with three replicates per treatment was carried out.The results showed that weight gain during the second trail of the same treatment were compared to the control treatment. Phytoplankton biomass based to measurement of chlorophylla (0.008±0.009 mg/l) showed and increasing in comparsion to the control treatment (p≤ 0.05). in general juvenile increased during treatment and had more weight show the control group.The amount of double fertilization treatments of silver carp juveniles increased in length and weight more than the control (p≤0.05). In general environment parameters expect dissolved oxygen, Ec and TDS were not significantlly different.

In data envelopment analysis (DEA), several secondary goals have already been proposed in order to overcome the problem of the DEA alternative optimal weights in the cross-efficiency evaluation. However, in the presence of different secondary goals, the rank assigned to some of decision making units (DMUs) may be non-unique. To overcome the shortcomings, this paper considers the elements of cross-efficiency matrix as interval numbers based on maximum and minimum cross-efficiency that each of the DMUs can achieve. Then, the study using a formula reorders the aggregated interval numbers in each row of the cross-efficiency matrix, and obtains the rank of each of DMUs. The new method removes the problem of the DEA alternative optimal weights in the cross-efficiency evaluation. Moreover, it provides a distinct and unique rank to each of the DMUs. Ultimately, the usefulness of the proposed method in comparison with the previous methods is demonstrated by using a numerical example.

In this study, the effects of oral administration of beet (Beta vulgaris) and cabbage (Brasissica oleracea) as a natural β-carotene source in levels of 1,3and 5 percent on the growth performance of carassius auratus were evaluated. One hundred and twenty Carassius auratus with average weight of 5.14 ± 0/008 gwere randomly assigned to 12 aquariums (10 fish per each). At the end of growth trial of 60days, some growth indices were analyzed. Comparison of factors by Duncan test demonstrated that diet containing 1 percent beet showed better condition for weight gain and SGR with a significant difference compared to other treatments(p<0.05). Analysis showed higher and lower food intake in diet containing 5 percent cabbage and 1 percent beet levels respectively, while no significant difference was observed between other treatments(p>0.05). The lowestfood conversion ratio was observed in fish fed with diet containing 1 percent beet which showed a significant difference compared to diet containing 5 percent cabbage (p<0.05), which had the highest food conversion factor.

The Tuberose cut flower is much less longevity in postharvest. The less vase life due to stress of deficit carbohydrate and quick respiration on inflorescence. In this study، effectiveness factors، sucrose، CaCl2، Al2So4 and re-cut the stems. In current research two separate experiments were arranged as a factorial based on compeletly randomized design. The first experiment were added to all experimental units have 100 ppm Al2So4 and investigation the effect of sucrose and CaCl2 factors. In the other experiment was added in all treatments of suitable sulation that obtain from first experiment (3. 5 percent Sucrose and 200 ppm CaCl2) and investigation the effect of Al2So4 and re-cut stems factors. The vase life of cut flower، relative water content (RWC)، a، b and total chlorophyll content were evaluated. The results of first experiment indicated the effect of reciprocal treatment with sucrose (3. 5 %) and CaCl2 (200 ppm) increased significantly on the protection of a، b and total chlorophyll content and RWC، and increased the longevity at the time 16 days about 88 percent. The result of secondry experiment showed that the third important cause of reduced longevity of tuberose cut flower high susceptibility to blockage xylem، and treatment with protection sulation containing 3. 5 % sucrose and 200 ppm Al2So4 and spray 200 ppm CaCl2 and Re-cut every 48 hourse were recommended for using to dissolve problems of post harvest the Tuberose cut flower.

In this one year study, the growth parameters of Indian carp, broodstock Catla catla such as: the percentage weight gain (WG), Average Daily Growth (ADG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), condition factor (K), length and weight of biometrics and also, some environmental parameters during the 1389 to 1390 were measured seasonally. For this, 16 brood stock Catla fish, with a sex ratio of (1:1) which was almost equal, from three ponds of 1700 m2, in which they were released, were used. Ponds before stocking, were enriched by manure. Also during the period, were enriched with chemical fertilizer. Broodstock were also provided with concentrate diet (Byza fars Company) every morning and evening. The relationship between length and weight were obtained, for the females b=3/21 and for males b =2/93. This indicates that such growth is isometric. In this relationship, the female and male respectively, equivalent to y = 0.007x3.2165 and y = 0.0197x2.9377. Growth parameters for the total period was as follows: (WG) {females: 114/27, male: 211/61}; (ADG) {females: 3/08 male: 3/68}, (SGR) {females: 0/09, male: 0/2} and Obesity factor in the broodstock was between 1/54 and 1/76 respectively. On the whole, according to prevailing environmental conditions and fish physiology, growth indicator species is acceptable. Physico-chemical factors also revealed a normal process. The results obtained showed that the adaptability of carp Catla, with the climate condition of the province (long periods of heat) is possible.

This study has considered the determination and comparison of the appropriate dosage of three anaesthetics including: 2-phenoxy ethanol, clove oil and PI222 on silver carp fish (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Based on reduction of anesthesia time in fish to less than 3 minutes and recovery to less than 5 minutes. So 120 fish were studied. We use 4 dose for each of anesthetics and 10  fish for each dose ; For 2-phenoxy ethanol ,doses of 250, 300, 350 and 400 part per million ,and for clove oil and PI222, doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 part per million were considered. Indicating 300 ppm as the best dosage for 2-phenoxy ethanol, and 50 ppm as the best dosage for clove oil and PI222. In comparison of these substances, clove oil and PI222 have priority to 2-phenoxy ethanol; and this priority is more remarkable in PI222, because of being cheaper and safety for fish and user. Analysis variance of result indicates that the anesthesia induction time had a significant relationship with increasing dosage of the three anesthetics (P<0/05) and this period decreased by increasing the dosage. The time of recovery was not significant (P<0/05) and performed independent from the dosage.

Executive functions describe as higher level processes that controlling and monitoring elementary (object) mental operations Neuroimaging studies have identified some of cortical areas involved in executive functions، frontal and prefrontal mostly. Because of these processing occur in a proportional second، those couldn’t be tested by traditional paper-pencil tools exactly. With introducing computers as a valuable tool for psychological and neuropsychological assessment، developing computerized version of tests to be extensive. Since according to researches، the wisconsin card sorting test is one of the most distinctive test for frontal and prefrontal executive functions، in present study، we effort to design and developing wisconsin computerized version based on a standard version. For differential validity، according to scores of Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R)، 2 groups including high anxiety (Anx+) and low anxiety (Anx-) were selected and performed computerized version of wisconsin. The results indicated that means of outputs differ in 2 groups. Also، cronbach’s alpha and split-half coefficients of computerized version showed that it has suitable reliability in Iranian subjects.

We assessed concentration of heavy metals Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe in the muscle, liver and gill tissues of Liza abu in Karoon and Bahmanshir Rivers in Khoozestan Province in winter 2009. Metals were extracted from the tissues using wet digestion method. Concentration of the heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest concentration of Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe was 0.706±0.013, 0.428±0.020, 11.74±0.40, 14.04±0.08 mg/Kg. and the determined lowest concentration of Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe was 0.646±0.012, 0.289±0.033, 9.74±0.26, 11.81±0.34 mg/Kg. respectively The results showed concentration of heavy metals Mn and Zn in the muscle, liver and gill of Liza abu in Karoon and Bahmanshir Rivers found no significant difference between them (P≥0.05). Cu in the muscle and liver showed a significant difference (P≤0.05), but in gill there was no significant difference (P≥0.05). Fe in the liver and gill showed no significant difference (P≥0.05) but in the muscle there was a significant difference (P≤0.05).

In the present study within nine months (from January to September) water of Azadegan freshwater ponds was sampled in every 15 days intervals (2 times monthly). Samples were taken from 4 ponds in which 3 ponds had mortality history and one pond was considered as control. Determination of physicochemical factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite and total phosphorus were performed and also recognition and counting of phytoplankton was done by using slide chamber and invert microscope. In this study a total of 28 genera belonging to 4 phyla of phytoplankton such as green algae (Chlorophyta), blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) , Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) and (Euglenophyta) were recognized. Most abundant phytoplankton was belonged to Cyanophyta phylum. But Chlorophyta phylum had the most variety of the genera. The one-way ANOVA test showed that there is no significant difference between phytoplankton densities in ponds. The mean NO2 concentration in wintering ponds was 0.12±0.19 that changed significantly during the season. In culture ponds the physico-chemical factors such as oxygen, pH, temperature, ammonia, nitrite and TP had changed significantly during the study. In culture ponds, the oxygen, temperature, pH, nitrite and ammonia ranges were 6-8 mg/l, 24-31 C, 8.5-9.2, 0.38-0.01 mg/l, 2.25-0.2 mg/l respectively. During the present study three spicies of cyanobacteria namely, Phormidium sp. ,  Aphanizomenon sp.  and Oscillatoria sp. were  identified which some other studies showed them as potential toxic or in the case of heavy bloom of  Oscillatoria, there has been massive fish mortality in the ponds.

The current study carried out to determine some blood factor levels in Benni  (Barbus sharpeyi)brood stocks to achieve information about physiological changes due to reproduction and effect of reproduction on the serum parameters. Overall 42 randomly selected fishes including 24 females and 18 males ware studied. Blood samples were obtained from fishes in Dashte Azadegan Fish Culture Farm in a short time before spawning, serum was collected from blood and samples were analyzed in lab. The results show that mean values of Cholesterol, Glucose, Cortisol, Sodium, Potassium, BUN, Ig M were equaled to 247.07, 17.8, 40.9, 5.07, 139.09, 2.57, 1.46, and 62.8 respectively. The relation between serum parameters value with Sex and biometric factors of fishes were also studied. The results showed a statistical difference in Ig M mean value between male and female fishes (P<0.05) but there was no statistical difference in other factors between males and females. There was also a statistical difference in fishes with different weight and length for Potassium, Total Protein and Ig M (p<0.05).

In this study, histological characteristics of testis in Barbus Sharpeyi at different stages were investigated. Fishes were collected from February 2008 to Shadegan Wetland. Testis of 40 fishes were sampled and fixed in Boun solution. Samples were processed through standard histological method and studied under light microscope. Following eight maturity stage was observed: Immature, Immature developing, Developing, Developed, Mature, Prespermation, Spermation, Reabsorbtion. Diameter of testis sexual cells were calculated in immature testis 40 micron, spermatogonium cells 35 micron, primary spermatogenes cells in during evolution  30 Micron, primary spermatogenesis cells in during evolution 30 Micron, Evaluated middle spermatogenoces cells 25 Micron and final rip spermatogenesis 10 Micron.

An experiment was conducted to study growth analysis and evaluation of change in simple non- structural carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose and fructose) during bulb formation of Ghermez Azarshahr, Zargan, Safid naishaboor and Safid Qom cultivars in randomized complete block design containing three replications. Seeds were sown in nursery in early February and seedlings were transplanted in early May. During initiation of bulbing carbohydrates accumulated in leaf bases. Before and after bulb formation (about 20 days after bulb formation) the most simple non-structural carbohydrates content was found in Safid Qom cultivar. The maximum and minimum increasing percent of simple non- structural carbohydrates components belong to glucose and sucrose respectively. The results of growth analysis indicated that the period of slow growth had been about 75 days after emergence (for all studied cultivars) and then the period of rapid growth of leaf has begun. The bulb growth rate of Zargan cultivar during the most parts of bulb development stage was higher than other culitivars, due to this reason and earliest date of bulbing, yield of mentioned cultivar was higher as compared with other cultivars. A high significant positive correlation (r = 48%) was found between relative growth rate and net assimilation rate at 1% level. Zargan cultivar produced the highest total and marketable yield, so that mentioned cultivar is recommended for Karaj region.

Phenology, growth stages and growth indices and their effects on yield and yield components of five cultivars and landraces of Iranian onion were studied in Neishabour Agricultural Research Station during 2005 and 2006. The experiment was in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Three planting dates 15 April, 30 April and 15 May were considered as main plots and five long-day onions Ghermez Azarshahr, Dorcheh Isfahan, Ishaqabad, Sefid Qum and Sefid Neishobour as sub plots. Growth indices were calculated based on accumulative growth degree day (GDD) up to the end of growth, and leaf area by the formula A= -93 + 1.83L+ 36.8C25. All onion cultivars which were planted in the first date, reached to the maximum leaf area index (LAT) at about 2500 GDD (22 August) and the equation LAI= e (a + bH1 + CH2) was the best prospected one which could explain leaf area changes of onion cultivars in different planting dates during growth period. Total dry matter (TDM) changes during growth period achieved from the equation DM= e (a + bH1 + CH2 + CH3) for calculation of dry matter index (DMI). This equation showed a R2>91% for all cultivars. DMI increment procedure in all planting dates and treatments was in sigmoid form and there was no difference among cultivars. The bulb yield was affected by planting date and the maximum yield was obtained from the first planting date (56.523 tha-1). Yield increase can be related to LAI increment, DMI and relative growth rate (RGR) of cultivars in the first planting date. Dorcheh Isfahan cultivar, affecting by planting dates, produced the highest yield.