m. safari

Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women and girls of reproductive age. The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of determining the relative frequency of endometriosis symptoms and related factors in women referring to health and treatment centers in Yasuj, Iran, in 2023.

In the present descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2023, the studied population were non-pregnant women of reproductive age of 15-50 years who were referred to health centers of Yasuj, Iran, and 865 of them were selected by convenient sampling method. The participants were interviewed with the self-assessment questionnaire included in the educational booklet of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, including 12 symptoms of endometriosis, in order to identify suspected cases of the disease, if they have five or more symptoms. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 27 statistical software and using descriptive statistics indicators such as mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution tables and inferential statistics of Chi square test.

The findings indicated that the highest frequency of endometriosis symptoms related to irregular menstrual periods in the last 6 months was 413 (47.7%) and the lowest was infertility in 91 (10.5%). In 209 (24.2%) they were suspected to have the disease and 94 (10.9%) had a history of endometriosis. The frequency of endometriosis symptoms in women aged 21-30, married, housewives, with a family history of endometriosis, history of using tobacco in the last 6 months, exposure to tobacco smoke, daily use of caffeinated substances were significantly higher(p<0.001).

In the present study, approximately a quarter of women of reproductive age needed to be referred to a specialist physician and follow-up due to the possibility of contracting this disease, which indicated the importance of screening women of reproductive age and timely diagnosis of this disease in order to prevent its complications and consequences, including infertility.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the attitude of forest-dwelling villagers towards forest management, their satisfaction with the way forests are managed, and the level of people's participation in forest administration and natural resources management.

The statistical population of the research including 50 individuals was selected randomly from among the villagers of the villages on the edge of the forests using the Delphi survey method. The questionnaire included nine main topics of natural resource management and 59 executative indicators. The validity of the items was confirmed through the Lavache relationship and the reliability of the research options was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. For each index, the product of the average importance was calculated based on the 5-point Likert scale in the normalized weight of the index.

The result of the Kruskal Wallis statistical test showed that there is no significant difference between the experts of 4 selected cities in terms of executive indicators of natural resources and forest management. According to the results of this research, the level of satisfaction of local experts with the functioning of the core activities of the Natural Resources Custodian in Gilan province was declared to be weak. The topics of protection and conservation, education, people's participation for forest administration and protection have the most impact and value. In exploitation, the most value was given to wood farming activities, local exploitation and tourism capacity. The indicators of forest protection and preservation in line with management, the most important factors of forest destruction were valued. Satisfaction with all indicators of restoration and reconstruction of damaged forests (5 indicators) was at a low level. In terms of the effectiveness of the index of people's participation in fire fighting, the activities of NGOs (non-governmental organizations) for the protection and maintenance of natural resources and the reporting of cases of destruction of natural resources by people (people's participation in forest protection) and handling all public reports, were ranked first to third, respectively.

The attitude of the local forest-dwelling leaders towards the performance of the forest administration and natural resources management shows moderate to low satisfaction, which is necessary to be improved by increasing the participation of local communities, the positive impact of the projects on the livelihood of the forest-dwellers and strengthening the implementation measures toward protection, restoration and reconstruction and principled exploitation.

Philosophers have always been the most fruitful factor in the process of education with their educational opinions and their goals and objectives, as well as by challenging other educational thoughts, in a way that even today, for the appointment and selection of educational methods, some He accepted the philosophical foundations. The purpose of this article is to investigate the method of moral education in Imam Mohammad Ghazali's educational opinions.

The results of the study of Ghazali's educational opinions showed that the method of moral education from his point of view is 1- The principle of universality of education 2- The principle of the immortality of society 3- The principle of human rights 4- The principle of trimming the environment 5- The principle of responsibility 6- The principle of mutual influence on each other 7 - The principle of community-oriented 8- The principle of equality and equality 9- The principle of gradualness 10- The principle of individuality 11- The principle of activity.

About 30% of the annual losses of agricultural products are caused by pests, diseases, and weeds. Spraying is currently the most common method of their control. At present, various manual and tractor-mounted sprayers are used for spraying. Manual spraying has very low work efficiency and is damaging as the spray might be applied irregularly and consumed by the labor or the product at poisonous levels. Tractor-mounted sprayers are more efficient than manual sprayers and require less labor. However, their use is associated with issues such as compacting the soil or crushing the product. In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sprayers have been used to spray farms and orchards. UAV spraying can increase the spraying efficiency by more than 60% and reduce the volume of spray used by 20-30%. Based on the capabilities of the UAV sprayer and the limitations of other current spraying methods, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the UAV sprayer in controlling Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and compare the results with a turbo liner sprayer.

In the present research, the UAV sprayer is studied as a new method of spraying to fight Brevicoryne brassicae (L.). The results were technically and economically evaluated and compared with the control group and that of the turbo liner sprayer (the conventional method of spraying canola in Iran). The experiment was triplicated with a completely randomized design and three treatments of UAV sprayer, turbo liner sprayer, and control (no spraying). Field tests were conducted on the canola crop at the stemming stage where at least 20% of the plants were infected. The measured parameters included drift, spraying quality, field capacity, field efficiency, energy consumption, and spraying efficiency.

Based on the results, the spray volume consumed by UAV and turbo liner sprayers was equal to 11.1 and 187.6 liters per hectare, respectively. The particle drift in spraying with UAV sprayer and turbo liner sprayer were 53.3% and 80%, respectively. Moreover, the quality coefficient of UAV and turbo liner sprayers were 1.15 and 1.21, respectively. Therefore, the farm efficiency of the UAV sprayer and turbo liner sprayer was equal to 51.4% and 32.3%, respectively. Based on the results of the analysis of variance, immediately after spraying, there was no statistically significant difference between the average density of pests of the three treatments. However, three, seven, and 14 days after spraying, there was a significant difference between the control treatment and the spraying treatments. The density of pests in the plots sprayed with UAV and turbo liner sprayers was lowered to less than 100 pests per stem, whereas in the control treatment, the density varied between 250-700 pests per stem. A comparison of the average efficiency of the UAV sprayer and turbo liner sprayer with the t-test showed that both sprayers had managed to control the population of pests and 14 days after the spraying, the efficiency of the UAV sprayer was higher than that of the turbo liner sprayer.

The spray volume consumed by the turbo liner sprayer was 17 times the UAV sprayer. The spray drift was about 34% more in spraying with the turbo liner sprayer than the UAV sprayer. The field efficiency of the UAV sprayer was 59.1% more than the turbo liner sprayer. The energy consumption per hectare of the turbo liner sprayer was 7 times the energy consumption of the UAV sprayer. UAV sprayer’s efficiency reached 92.7 % 14 days after spraying.UAV sprayer is recommended for controlling Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) due to its high efficiency, low drift, low spray volume and energy consumption, and superior spraying quality. To improve the performance of the UAV sprayer for controlling Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), a flight height of 1-1.5 meters from the top of the crop, a flight speed of less than 7 m s-1, and a maximum spraying speed of 4 m s-1 are recommended. Additionally, it is possible to prevent the spread of the pest in the stemming stage by spraying the field in an earlier stage.

The purpose of this study was to predict Iranian sports brands on the horizon of 2031 with an emphasis on organizational and corporate brands. This study was mixed research (a combination of qualitative and quantitative) with a concurrent design. In the qualitative part, the research strategy was environmental scanning and in the quantitative part, future research was the method of interaction analysis. The statistical population of this study was experts and reviewing resources that were purposefully selected. Based on theoretical saturation, 25 sports brand experts including university professors, manufacturers, and brand activists were interviewed. In parallel, 11 documents as secondary sources related to sports brands with prospective content were used. Data collection tools were semistructured interviews and checklists in the qualitative section and questionnaires in the quantitative section. For data analysis in the resource review section, the systematic method, in the interview analysis section, the coding method, and in the future research section, the structural analysis method with the help of MICMAC software were used. The findings showed that the future of Iranian sports brands on the horizon of 2031 is affected by 26 factors, but 5 factors of joint branding, market competition, brand investment, electronic brands, and digital technology are the drivers that shape the future of sports brands.

Laser cutting is a precise, powerful, and low-cost tool for cutting different sheets of metals and polymers. The literature survey shows that the quality of cutting (surface roughness and kerf geometry) is a sophisticated parameter and conventional approaches cannot describe the quality of cutting for thin sheets of polymers very well. Statistical tools can help to interpret the effect of process variables. In this article, the laser cutting of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is experimentally investigated. The effect of process variables of laser cutting including the scanning speed, laser power, and laser beam diameter on the kerf width and surface roughness by Response Surface Methodology design investigated. The results revealed that increasing the laser power leads to increasing the surface roughness and decreasing the taper angle, while the kerf width at the top and bottom surface of the sheet decreases at first, then increases (for higher laser power than 90W). Also, increasing the scanning speed causes increasing surface roughness while the taper angle and the kerf width at the top and bottom surface increase at first, then it decrease. By increasing the laser beam diameter, the surface roughness will increase while the taper angle and the kerf width at the top and bottom surface decrease at first and then increase. The sophisticated effect of the main process variables and their interactions determines that finding the optimum condition of process parameters is hard and multi-objective optimization approaches are needed to find local minimum surface roughness and kerf geometry.

In conventional combine harvesters, wheat chaff is typically removed from the end of the machine and deposited on the field surface. Depending on the wheat cultivar, cultivation method, and growing conditions, the amount of chaff produced can range from 0.8 to 1.5 times the amount of grain harvested per hectare (Tavakoli, 2012). On average, this translates to an annual production of approximately 14 million tons of chaff, which is valued at around $240000000 based on regional prices in 2018-2019 ($1000 per kilogram). If collected, these chaff residues could be used as animal feed for livestock. Additionally, the long stems protruding from the back of conventional combine harvesters can interfere with subsequent cultivation efforts. Chaff combine harvesters have a similar structure to conventional machines, but feature a modified end that includes a tank and blower for collecting and depositing crushed chaff. Apart from the threshing unit, all other components of the harvester remain unchanged.

This study was conducted in 2019 in dryland wheat fields to determine the performance of Chaff combine harvesters in Kurdistan province. The study used 15 combine harvesters, including John Deere models equipped with chaff threshers from Shiraz, Bookan, and Hamedan, as well as the Hamedan Barzegar specific chaff collector combine. These combines were evaluated and compared based on natural losses, head and chaff storage losses, field capacity, purity percentage, and yield in field conditions in Kurdistan province. The total number of combines evaluated was 15, using a completely randomized design. Among these, 33% belonged to Shiraz company (5 samples), 33% to Bookan (5 samples), 20% to Hamedan (3 samples), and 14% to Hamedan Barzegar (2 samples). Sampling included measurement of natural losses, header losses, threshing tank losses (losses of the threshing unit, separating unit, and cleaning unit), and quality losses (broken grains and impurities) in the combine tank.

The results showed that the average yield, natural loss, and combine loss were 1,698.14 kg.ha-1, 2.39%, and 4.92%, respectively. In terms of the loss rates in different parts of the combine, 43.49% was related to the chaff storage of the combine, and 56.50% was related to the combine head.The natural loss rate in this province was 2.39%. The total combine loss was 5.18%, with 40.44% of that related to chaff storage and the rest related to the combine head. The results also showed a significant difference between the treatments in terms of field capacity, chaff storage loss, and purity percentage at a probability level of 5%.The total loss of the Hamedan Barzegar combine was 6.67%, which was higher than the other combines. The chaff storage loss of the Shiraz, Bookan, Hamedan, and Hamedan Barzegar combines were 0.87%, 2.64%, 0.78%, and 4.28%, respectively, showing a significant difference at a 5% level. There was also a significant difference between the treatments in terms of total grain loss.Based on these results, it is recommended to use the Hamedan, Bookan, Shiraz, and Hamedan Barzegar combines, with total losses of 4.33%, 4.33%, 4.52%, and 6.56%, respectively.

The average purity of harvested grains was 96.62%, and there was no significant difference between the combine harvesters in this regard.There was a significant difference between the combines in terms of field capacity at a probability level of 5%. The field capacity of the Bookan, Hamedan Barzegar, Hamedan, and Shiraz combine harvesters were 0.83, 0.87, 0.83, and 0.73 hectares per hour, respectively.In Kurdistan province, the average grain combine loss in dryland wheat harvesting with chaff combine harvesters was 4.92%, which is higher than in other provinces.The loss in the chaff tank of the Shiraz, Bookan, Hamedan, and Hamedan Barzegar combine harvesters was 0.87%, 2.64%, 0.78%, and 4.28%, respectively. Regardless of head losses, the loss in the Hamedan combine was less than other combine harvesters.The total losses of the Hamedan Barzegar, Bookan, Shiraz, and Hamedan combine harvesters were 6.56%, 4.32%, 4.52%, and 4.30%, respectively, with the Hamedan Barzegar and Hamedan combine harvesters having the highest and lowest losses, respectively.Based on the results obtained from this study, using the Hamedan combine is recommended in the dryland conditions of Kurdistan due to its low losses, high purity, and field capacity.

In order to design an appropriate dewatering system in an open pit mine, it is necessary to know the hydrogeological conditions and factors affecting the condition of groundwater in the mining area. One of the important factors for investigating the hydrogeological conditions of a mining site is to know the status of the catchment area, temporal and spatial changes of the piezometric levels and the range of disturbances caused by mining activities, climate conditions and the tectonic state of the mining area. The hydrological and hydrogeological conditions of Sangan iron mine are also affected by climate factors such as precipitation and tectonic factors including the number of faults and their trends, their distances and their relationship with each other. Therefore, in this study, the influence of various factors including precipitation, distance from waterways, tectonic status and faults, and the pit development during the exploitation period on the fluctuation of groundwater were investigated. By examining the fluctuations of the piezometric levels caused by these factors in the period from March 2011 to March 2014 and statistical analysis of the results, it was found that among the affecting factors, the Cn-pit expansion has the greatest effect on the groundwater level fluctuation of the western anomalies of Sangan mine. By drawing the ccorrelation diagram between the distance from Cn-Pit and the groundwater level drop of observation piezometers of the nearby areas of the Cn-pit, and obtaining a coefficient of determination equal to 0.94 (R2=0.94), it was found that the radius of the influence of the Cn-pit expansion on the changes in the groundwater level of the adjacent areas is about 700 meters. In addition, it was found that the amount of precipitation and the distance from the waterways do not have a significant effect on the groundwater level fluctuations in the study area.

In the present research, the coating process of Inconel 718 powder on the H13 steel substrate by direct powder deposition method with the help of 1 KW continuous fiber laser has been investigated. Hence, the effects of process parameters such as laser power, powder feed rate and laser scanning speed on the geometrical characterstics of the clad such as height and width of the clad are examined. In order to perform a comprehensive investigation on the effect of input parameters and their interactions on the height and width of the clad, design of experiment method based on response surface methodology is employed. The results show that the laser scanning speed and powder feed rate are as the important factors affecting the clad height, so that the clad height increases with increasing powder feed rate and decreasing laser scanning rate. Also, it is proved that by increasing the laser power and decreasing the laser scanning speed the width of the clad is increased.

In recent decades, due to the various facilities in big cities that have caused the expansion of cities and urbanization and the increasing desire of citizens to live with a machine, this change in life pattern has also caused an increase in environmental pollution, difficult conditions for the livability of human life space, such as (The destruction of urban and suburban vegetation and the loss of ecological balance. The expansion of the population of cities and excessive population density in cities has caused the destruction of the natural environment and the construction of artificial structures that require physical and It has made the human spirit more visible to the environment. Considering that Iran is one of the countries located in the dry belt of the world, the cities to deal with noise and air pollution, as well as reduce environmental stress more than any other point to the space They need green. Considering the many problems that we see in changing the urban structure today, the heterogeneous quantification of the environment has been considered as a goal in landscape ecology, so that recently there have been efforts to develop methods In order to quantify the spatial heterogeneity (complexity and variability of the system characteristics, including the mosaic spatial layout of the land surface) (time and space) the features of the land have been done. Terrain metrics are a useful tool for expressing the mosaic pattern of urban green spaces and its changes in connection with urban development processes, which, in addition to interpreting the effect of the aforementioned processes on the ecological characteristics of the environment, can be used in decision making related to the growth of the city, distribution of uses and urban green space development planning. Therefore, according to the existing problems in defining and determining the urban green space, the application of remote sensing science, which is considered a powerful tool in the management of urban resources, and by providing the facilities of this science in order to provide up-to-date information, digital processing of images and the possibility of comparison Sometimes the data has helped experts to monitor the changes of the green space over time. Also, by using remote sensing in combination with terrain measurements, it can improve the understanding of urban spatial structure and change processes. Today, the high speed and extent of changes, both structural and process, in the face of the land, which are caused by destructive human activities, have made planners face many issues and problems. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate map production using Sentinel-1 and Landsat-8 radar images using local climate method and vector machine in Tehran metropolis. Using the proposed method, it was determined that the central and southern parts of Tehran have a very concentrated residential structure, so that urban green spaces are rarely seen in the urban context, while the green spaces in the north of Tehran are scattered among the contexts. It is residential, which indicates the existence of private green spaces in this part of the city. Also, in the south of the city, due to the presence of fine-grained texture in this area, due to the presence of residential centers in these areas, compared to the residential texture of the northern parts of the city, in the central and southern areas, private green spaces do not exist or rarely exist, and this warning increases. Heat islands and higher temperature are in the south of the city. Maps produced using remote sensing can be an alarm for municipal managers who can prevent future problems with planning and management. Also, considering the important role of green space in the morale of citizens and crime reduction, it is necessary for city managers to pay enough attention to the issue of reducing green space and the lack of proper distribution of use in Tehran, because neglecting this issue can lead to other problems. It created compensable for the citizens.

Some growth factors and electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are capable to differentiate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) into neural cells. EMF may induce BMMSCs to differentiate into dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Our aim was to analyze the influence of EMF on BMMSCs in the treatment of rat models of Parkinson's disease.

BMMSCs were extracted from the rat’s hind limbs and incubated in a cell-cultured CO2 incubator. After the third passage, the BMMSCs were exposed to sinusoidal and square waveform EMF (400 µT, 75 Hz, 1 h/day - 1 week or 7 h/1 day) and injected into the substantia nigra region of Parkinson rats.

The results confirmed an increased number of TH+ neurons, a reduction of activated astrocytes, and an improvement in locomotor activity (Pole test) of sinusoidal EMF groups.

We presented a low-frequency sinusoidal EMF that increased BMMSCs’ differentiation into DA neurons. The results indicated that injection of BMMSC exposed to sinusoidal 75 Hz EMF may increase TH+ cells in SNpc and motor coordination activity in the rat model of Parkinson's disease.

For the Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) process, the effects of Welding Current (WC), Electrode Force (EF), Welding Cycle (WCY), and Cooling Cycle (CCY) on the Tensile-Shear Strength (TSS) of the joints have been experimentally investigated. An Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based on data taken from the test results were developed for modelling and predicting of TSS of welds. Optimal parameters of ANFIS system were extracted by Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. The results show that ANFIS network can successfully predict the TSS of RSW welded joints. It can be concluded that the coefficient of determination and mean absolute percentage error for the test section data is 0.97 and 2.45% respectively, which indicates the high accuracy of the final model in approximating the desired outputs of the process. After modeling with ANFIS-GWO, the effect of each input parameter on TSS of the joints was quantitatively measured using Sobol sensitivity analysis method. The results show that increasing in WC, WCY, EF, and CCY leads to an increase in TSS of joints.

the purpose of the present survey is to identify the motivating components of the Eftetah Prayer on students' relationship with God.

The statistical population of the study included undergraduate and graduate students of Shahid Sharafat and Shahid Bahonar Centers of Farhangian University and 320 students were selected as a sample according to Cochran's formula. This research was practical and mixed in terms of purpose and implementation, respectively. To collect data in the qualitative section, Eftetah Prayer text was studied, and then through open and axial coding, the components affecting relationship with God were identified. Also, based on the extracted components, a 13-item researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was developed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated 0.90 Cronbach's alpha. In the quantitative part, a set of descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through Spss software.

  The results showed that the components extracted from the Eftetah Prayer (epistemological, spiritual, and moral elements) positively affect students' relationship with God.

Therefore, educators are advised to draw students' attention to the main themes of the prayers, which are based on relationship with God, and to refrain from simply just reading them

In recent years, with increasing interest in the use of natural substances such as essential oils, extensive studies have been conducted to use them more efficiently in the form of nanoliposomes. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-cancer effects of nanoliposomes containing Rosemary and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oils on HepG2 cell line under in vitro conditions.

In this basic-applied research, nanoliposomes containing Rosemary and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oils were used. The mortality rate of HepG2 cell line was calculated using MTT method and IC50 was obtained. The study groups calculated according to IC50 were: control group, the group receiving 79.72 μg/ml Zataria multiflora Boiss nanoliposome for 48 hours and the group receiving 53.50 μg/ml Rosemary nanoliposome for 72 hours. The rate of apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells and the type of cancer cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry.

The results showed that nanoliposomes containing Rosemary essential oil after 72 hours (53.50 μg/ml) and Zataria multiflora Boiss after 48 hours (79.72 μg/ml) showed the highest capability to inhibit the growth of HepG2 cell line (p<0.05). The type of cell mortality was significantly apoptotic compared to the control group, as nanoliposomes containing Zataria multiflora Boiss caused apoptosis in 37.3% and Rosemary nanoliposomes in 32.1% of cells (p<0.05). Inhibition of cancer cells was in the G2 phase, which indicates that nanoliposomes inhibit cancer cells in the cell division phase (p<0.05).

The results showed that nanoliposomes containing essential oils have anti-cancer properties, cause cell apoptosis and stop cell growth in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

Laser bending process of a circular tube made of mild steel was investigated with experimental tests and finite element simulations. The effects of main process parameters such as laser output power, laser scanning speed, and laser beam diameter on the main and lateral bending angles of laser-bent tube were studied. The experimental tests were performed with a continuous CO2 laser. The numerical simulations were carried out with Abaqus/Standard technique. The finite element simulations were compared with experimental measurements by adjusting the absorption and heat transfer coefficients of the heat flux in the numerical simulations and comparing the obtained temperature profiles with experimental results. The accuracy of numerical simulations was proved by comparing the numerical results with experimental measurements. The obtained experimental and numerical results showed that increase in the laser output power leads to an increase in the main and lateral bending angles. Moreover, the results proved that the main and lateral bending angles increased with decreasing the laser scanning speed and laser beam diameter.

In this research, Zn0.97Cu0.03O nanoparticles are prepared by sol-gel method using various stabilizers (Mono, Di, and Tri-ethanolamine). The effect of stabilizers on the structural, morphological and optical properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. Study of X-ray diffraction pattern shows the hexagonal wurtzite structure of samples. The crystallite size, strain, stress, and deformation energy of the lattice were determined by modified Williamson-Hall relations. The results showed the sample prepared with monoethanolamine has the lowest crystallite size, lattice parameter and strain. FESEM images revealed a decrease in nanoparticle accumulation with increasing amine group. By the change of mono to tri-ethanolamine in the primary sol, the red shift was observed at the near band edge emission of Pl spectra which consistent with decrease of optical band gap from 3.16 eV to 3.11 eV deduced from strain enhancement.

In this research, microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded joints between 2304 duplex stainless steel and Inconel 718 nickel-based super alloy were investigated. Microstructural evolution in the various areas of welded joints and also the effect of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of dissimilar joints were studied. Response surface methodology based on the central composite design was used in order to find the optimum welding parameters. Effective parameters of the welding process including laser power, travel speed and defocusing distance were set in the range of 1000 to 1900 W, 1 to 5 mm/s and -1 to 1 mm, respectively. Uniaxial tensile test was used to evaluate the fracture force of weld joints. The microstructural observations and phase evolutions were studied using optical microscope. It was found that the fracture force of the weld joints firstly increased by travel speed and defocusing distance and then decreased by further increase. The maximum fracture force was obtained when laser power, travel speed and defocusing distance were 1900 W, 3 mm/s and 0 mm, respectively. The center line of weld metal was mainly consisted of equiaxed grains where, columnar grains were formed in the fusion line. The obtained results from the hardness measurement showed that the hardness of Inconel 718 was decreased due to dissolution of TiC and NbC particles.

Contamination of water resources is one of the most important health and environmental concerns related to textile wastewater. In the present study, sodium alginate natural polymer was implemented as adsorbent for the adsorption of an organic dye (Basic Red 46) in aquatic phase. As a novel approach, adsorption process was enhanced using ultrasonic irradiation.

In this study, at first, sodium alginate polymeric adsorbent was synthesized. Then, the enhanced adsorption process of the dye was performed in a discontinuous flow experimental reactor located inside an ultrasonic bath. The effects of parameters such as initial pH, reaction time, dye concentration and adsorption content on the enhanced adsorption of the target pollutant were investigated. Residual concentration of the dye in the solution was measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer at 530 nm.

The results showed that adsorption alone was responsible for the decolorization efficiency of 20.8%, while ultrasound-assisted adsorption of organic dye resulted in the enhanced removal efficiency of 63.2%. Increasing initial concentration of the dye from 3 to 10 mg/L led to decreasing the removal efficiency from 83.1 to 42.9%, respectively. With increasing adsorbent dosage from 0.3 to 0.7 g/L, the removal efficiency increased from 41.9 to 67.3%, respectively. Increasing the amount of adsorbent to 1.0 g/L resulted in the remarkable reduction in the removal of organic dye. The adsorption data obeyed the Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacity of 9.2 mg/g.

It can be indicated that the ultrasound can be applied as an efficient physical agent for the enhanced adsorption of organic dyes onto natural polymeric compounds like calcium alginate.

In this study, E-glass/epoxy laminated composites with [0]12 stacking sequence manufactured by hand lay-up method. Afterwards, by considering the most important input parameters of the micro-drilling process including tool rotational speed, feed rate and tool diameter, the statistical mathematical modeling is performed to accurately investigate the thrust force response behavior versus the mentioned variables. For this purpose, using full factorial experimental design and response surface methodology and performing 54 experimental tests and considering repeatability of experiments in order to improve modeling accuracy, a second-order linear regression equation has been obtained. Also, by using the Sobel sensitivity analysis method, the quantitative effect of force behavior sensitivity versus input parameters is investigated. Moreover, the Derringer optimization algorithm is used to achieve the minimum amount of thrust force in micro-drilling process of laminated composites. The results of the statistical analysis show that the lowest feed rate, maximum tool rotational speed and smaller diameter lead to produce lowest thrust force of laminated composites. The Sobol sensitivity analysis shows that the diameter of the tool (57.8%), the feed rate (24.4%), and the rotational speed (17.8%) will have the greatest effect on thrust force in micro-drilling process, respectively. Finally, the optimization analysis show that, the lowest thrust force was obtained at a rotational speed of 2515 rpm, a feed rate of 10 mm / min and a tool diameter of 0.5 mm.

In this paper, the experimental investigation of formability of friction stir welded ultra-thin sheets of IF steel is investigated experimentally. First, the sheets are joined by friction stir welding process based on the tests determined according to the Taguchi design of experiments. The investigated parameters in the welding process are as tool rotational and traverse speeds. Then, the tailor welded blanks are formed based on dome height test up to the defect stage and the dome height is measured for each test. Therefore, the effects of friction stir welding process parameters on formability of friction stir welded ultra-thin sheets of IF steel are evaluated. The results show that by increasing the rotational speed, the dome height in forming process decreases, while with increasing the traverse speed, the formability of tailor welded blanks by friction stir welding process improves.  Also, the results of optimization based on signal to noise ratio method show that the tool rotational speed has the greatest effect on the dome height of tailor welded blank.

One of the most prevalent machining processes in medical treatments is bone drilling process. During bone drilling, excessive process force can cause breakage, crack initiation and severe damage to bone tissue. In this paper, a systematic study with simultaneous use of response surface method, sensitivity analysis based on Sobol method and regression analysis is performed for investigation the effect of helix angle and point angle of the tool as the most important geometrical parameters on imposed force to the bone during drilling process. Initially, using design of experiments and response surface method, imposed force to the bone is modeled and the governing second order linear regression equation is derived and verified. Then, using Sobol sensitivity analysis, with ability to quantify the sensitivity, it is attempted to investigate the effect of input parameters on drilling force. Finally, optimization of the process inputs is followed to find the best combination which yields the desired drilling force. The minimum drilling force, within the range of input parameters, coincides with point angle of 90 and helix angle of 18. This minimal force is lower than the force in surgery and standard tools. The results showed that an increasing in point angle leads to an increase in drilling force. Also, it is concluded that there is an optimum value for using the helix angle in bone drilling process with minimum imposed force.

In this research, dissimilar joint between AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel and AISI 2304 duplex stainless steel was made by Nd:YAG laser welding process. At first, microstructural and phase evolutions and also changes in mechanical properties due to the welding process were investigated. Hence, mechanical properties of weld joints were optimized using statistical methods. For this purpose, response surface methodology based on central composite design was used in order to find the optimum values of laser power, welding speed and defocusing distance and to obtain the maximum value of fracture force of joints. Uniaxial tensile test and optical microscopy were used to study the mechanical properties and structural features of weld joints, respectively. It was found that the fracture force of weld joints increases by decrease in welding speed and laser power and the maximum fracture force reached to 3587 N. Regarding microstructural evolutions studies, grain growth and presence of dispersed carbides in the fusion zone were observed. Finally, the effect of heat input on the hardness profile was evaluated and discussed. According to the result, the maximum hardness was obtained in the weld metal of the sample with low heat input and it was measured at about 332 vickers.

In this article, the friction stir welding of dissimilar AA6061-T6/AA7075-T6 aluminum alloys was studied experimentally. The joining process was implemented with and without the addition of the TiO2 nanoparticles. To infer the resulting quality, tensile tests were carried out and the microstructure of the welded samples was investigated by the optical microscope. Furthermore,the samples were welded using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) to provide further comparisons with the FSW process. The ultimate tensile strength and maximum elongation increased by 12.3 and 12.5% respectively by adding TiO2 nanoparticles. Microstructure observation shows that equiaxed grains formed in the FSW process and no precipitation aging occurred in the melting zone-however, precipitation particles can be observed in the heat-affected zone. Coarser grains can be obtained by adding TiO2 nanoparticles, resulting in good dispersion at the stir zone and retarding the dynamic recrystallization (pinning the grain boundary movements). The sample welded by the GTAW processshowed very weak strength compared to the samples welded by the friction stir welding process.

Practical applications of thermal barrier coatings with aluminide bond-coats are limited due to oxide scale spallation of the aluminide coating under applied thermal stresses. Considering the positive effects of oxygen-active elements or their oxides on the high temperature oxidation behavior, in this research zirconia was introduced into an aluminide coating. For this purpose, a Watts type bath was used to electroplate a layer of Ni-ZrO2 composite on a Ni-based substrate. Aluminizing was performed using the conventional two-step process at 760 and 1080 °C. Microstructural characterization of coatings in the as-coated conditions and after cyclic oxidation via 5-hour cycles at 1050 °C was performed using electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The results showed that the general three-zone microstructure of the simple high activity aluminide coatings develops below the pre-deposited nickel-zirconia layer and latter converts to a nearly un-alloyed porous NiAl. In spite of its porous surface layer, the zirconia modified coating has a higher oxidation resistance than the unmodified aluminide coating.

In survival analysis, using the Cox model to determine the effective factors requires the assumptions whose failure of leads to biased results. The aim of this paper was to determine the factors affecting the survival of metastatic gastric cancer patients using the non-parametric method of Randomized Survival Forest (RSF) model and to compare its result with the Cox model.
 

In this retrospective cohort study, 201 patients with metastatic gastric cancer were evaluated in Hamadan Province. Patient survival was calculated from diagnosis to death or end of study. Demographic characteristics (such as gender and age) and clinical variables (including stage, tumor size, etc.) were extracted from the patient records. Factors affecting survival were determined using the Cox model and RSF. Data analysis was performed using the R3.4.3 software and RandomForestSRC and survival packages.
 

The mean (SD) age of patients was 61.5 (12.9) years old. The Cox model showed that chemotherapy (p=0.033) was effective in survival, and the results of fitting the RSF model showed that the most important variables affecting survival were type of surgery, location of metastasis, chemotherapy, age, tumor grade, surgery, number of involved lymph nodes, sex and radiotherapy. Based on the model appropriateness, the RSF model with log-rank split rule had a better performance compared to the Cox model.
 

If the number of variables is high and there is a relationship between the variables, the RSF method identifies the important and effective variables on survival with high accuracy without requiring restrictive assumptions compared to the Cox model.