mahdi jalalvand

Insolvent debtors are people who do not have the money to pay their debts due to poverty and lack of money, except for the exceptions of debt. The procedure of financial lawsuits in the courts of Iran is in such a way that by proving the debt of the convicted, discounts are considered in paying his debt, such as dividing the debt of the convicted, and in some cases, the court decides to pay the debt in long-term installments. will give for the benefit of the poor. The current research has a scientific aspect, in a practical way to find an immediate solution to the scientific issue of the legitimacy of zakat consumption in the financial claims of the poor, in which the researcher himself is directly involved in order to reach an accurate conclusion, in order to apply a new method and It is more ideal for the rights of convicts to be used in the society and by taking advantage of verse 60 of Surah Mubarakah Toba, the legitimacy of spending zakat for the poor who are unable to pay their debts, it has been concluded that the poor can be an example of the poor, the needy and the needy. In the mentioned verse, he knew that by using zakat to pay their debts, it would lead to the realization of the rights of the convicted, reduce the time of the trial, relieve the burden on the debtors, and ultimately provide the satisfaction of the clients from the courts, and none of them has a preference over the other, and finally It is a circular matter of the steps of the conflict.

Man’s volitional action is a critical subject in humanities. Realizing the process and structure of this action and understanding its relation with humanities result in a precise knowledge in the humanities itself. The current study has been an endeavor to explain the relationship between the constituents of Man’s volitional action and humanities by delving into the structure of Man’s volitional action and its associated theories. The findings of this study that utilized a descriptive-analytical method reveals that Man compiles the results of his volitional actions in forms of some experiences. Accumulation of these sciences and experiences, then, reveals the necessity of their division, classification, and categorization. The content of humanities entails a continuum of different sciences and experiences resulted from Man’s volitional actions that are categorized in form of scientific divisions and disciplines. Thus, explaining the structure and constituents of human volitional actions results in an accurate understanding of humanities, the relation of disciplines in humanities and the way they are allied with human needs. This, not only facilitates scientific endeavors in the field but also expands the domain of humanities.

Social issues and looking at different aspects of human being with collective identity have a special place in the thought and writings of Allameh Tabatabai. The structured mind of this distinguished Islamic thinker has led to the design and discussion of the foundations and structures of the creation and movement of human society; In such a way that social thinking can be considered one of the weight points of his religious thought. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, follows Allameh Tabatabai's thought foundations in discussing the origin of human society and the type of communication between them. The results of the research show that the mechanism of forming human society, the origin of sociality, the creation of restrictions on individual freedom, collective cooperation, the enactment of law and the formation and establishment of government and the way of governance, as the foundations and presuppositions of building human society in thought. Allameh has a systematic relationship and, like the seeds of a chain, they have formed a strong thread in the context of the occurrence and survival of human society. This structured look at social topics and issues has brought Allameh into thinking in the field of social life. In his social thoughts, he believes in building society from the context and from the bottom up, and the pyramid of power, despite its importance, is the second priority in his thoughts on social issues and governance.

Social norms are rules and patterns of behavior that are defined based on the type of values of each society and guide the behaviors of individuals in order to regulate social relations. These norms will have a high position in the government institution in creating and maintaining security and, consequently, the prosperity of the society; Therefore, many efforts have been made to create norms in this institution. Leading research seeks to properly understand the element of security and to discover and present the norms that the natural human reason has created in the institution of government and to know the consistency and happiness of society in the creation and consistency of those norms. The results of the research show that protecting the beliefs of the society and creating unity and integration between different institutions are examples of norms that the natural human intellect is able to create and consolidate and due to them, the functions of the institution of government appearance they will have more. Martyr Soleimani is one of the nurturers of the school of Islam who, by using natural rationality, has known these norms well and has been successful in implementing them.

Man’s true life is a multifaceted one which embraces intellectual, moral, political, social, individual and other dimensions and terminates into nearness to good in an evolutionary fashion. Man is endowed with the potential to exploit this life by God (the most high), and Islam, like other divine religions, has provided him with a particular strategy to bring this potential into realization and ascend him from an evil beast toward perfection and succession of God and in the meantime, bless him with the true life. The current study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to dig into Quranic verses and tradition of the Immaculate to arrive at the religions’ strategy for realization of Man’s true life. It was revealed that the religion has a five-step strategy to this end which include showing the path, appointing the leader, preparing the instruments and necessities for departure, showing the barriers and the way they are tackled and showing he terminal objectives. Through these steps, Man can arrive at perfection and realize his true life.

The philosophy of society is a science which studies and investigates general issues of society through logical and rational methods. And, in addition, while discussing by asking about the existence, nature and the quality of society, it attempts to discover its truth, aiming at extracting general regulations which ease the path toward prosperity for individuals and the whole society. The present study tries to study the issue of the principality of individual and society through the method of content analysis and focusing on the works of Allameh Tabatabai, and attempts to explore the relationship between them and the effects of his view on the aforementioned issues as the ontological foundations of the society. Findings show that Allameh Tabatabai, in the dichotomy of personality and society, first and foremost, build authenticity on individual or personhood and at second put the credibility on society. On this basis, it is possible to determine the effects and mutual impacts regarding individual and society. Exploiting such social characteristics is an important basis in sociological studies and has played a significant role in shaping the social views of Allamah Tabatabai.

With the developmental implications of the concept of security, the phenomenon of migration can be studied as a security issue. Therefore, the present study, with a damage recognition look at the migration of foreign people to the Islamic Republic of Iran, seeks to explore the effects of this phenomenon on national security in order to obtain appropriate security decisions in the framework of the Iranian political system. The results of this study showed that the most important harmful social impact of migration on Iran’s national security in challenge the identity and integrity of the social identity of Iran’s society, creating social and cultural damages in society and interfering in the organization of urban space. The emergence and intensification of intra-urban poverty, the crisis of employment and false occupations, unauthorized construction and the limitation of the economic well-being of citizens are among the harmful effects of immigration in the economic dimension. On the other hand, immigration of foreign nationals affects political culture and political socialization, and, by posing a threat to public security and intensifying ethnicity and exploiting political freedoms, may face the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the political and security dimension, with serious challenges.

Human thoughts, in addition to the type of education and the factors influencing the material environment, are influenced by the transcendentalism, which affects the spiritual existence of man, and among which these elements are inspirational and inculcated, which, in the language of the verses and traditions of inspiration and indoctrination, From angel and devil to man. Mutahh from the devil that makes man astray, and the thoughts of the angel, which leads man to righteous deeds. The Quran reads the concepts that are instilled into the heart; and what Satan calls into the hearts of men is the word, promise, command, temptation, revelation, and promise. This descriptive and analytical study questions the relation between the influence of Satan and human perceptions on the interpretations of the Quranic verses and, by referring to the interpretive books, discussed the subject and the discussion to answer this question. Many verses in the Holy Quran expressly acknowledge Satan's hostility, or in the sense of the causal agent of evil, and the realm of Satan's seduction and subjugation, human perception, and tools of his work are the emotions, emotions, instincts, desires and human senses that mankind The Quranic verses are mentioned.

Empiricism and rationalism have contrasting views about the origin of language. Rationalist believes that language, as a faculty and a mental capacity, is innate in human being and support themselves with a variety of documents. In contrast, empiricists believe that language is acquired a posteriori through indirect processes and mechanisms. They also hold that language emerges as the result of the interaction of human mind with the environment through experience. Islamic thinkers believe that human beings are potentially endowed with natural (innate) capabilities from the very beginning of creation and their growth and their appearance depends on a variety of internal and external factors. Taking this definition of nativism into account, the proofs on which language Emergentism relies is criticized and it is concluded that language is an internal faculty of human being which surfaces as a result of a movement and grows under the effect of environmental exposure and becomes sophisticated in rules of grammar.

Rationality has been amongst issues in epistemology on which various and sometimes conflicting views are expounded by different scholars. Delving into religious learning, Allamah Tabatabaei has adopted a special approach toward rationalities which documents itself by strong reasons derived from his deep-seated belief and challenges other noted approaches. The currents research has offered a detailed definition of rationality, enlisted different kinds of it and touched upon different approaches toward rationality. Then, the research has dug into the characteristics of the rational approach adopted by Allamah Tabatabaei. According to him, the right rational approach for arriving at a correct understanding of issues, submitting proofs and advancing arguments through the agency of reason resides in the innateness which is the manifestation of God. Understanding along with innate uprightness and rational understanding derived from a refined soul are two main requirements in the innate rationality of this prominent scholar.

The theory of human nature in addition to its part in the solution of problems in the field of religious beliefs, may be helpful in solution of other problems including historical ones. One disputable problem between Sunnis and Shiites lies in hadith writing. On the one hand, most Sunni scholars, basing their view on narratives and logical arguments, believe that hadith writing had not happened until the end of the first century of Hijrah. On the other hand, there are some criticisms based on logical arguments and transmitted reasons put forth by Shia scholars and thinkers. This study tries to show the vitality of hadith writing during prophetic period with a reliance on human natural feature using an analytical approach. Human’s truth and perfection seeking features and serve as reasons for the urgency of hadith inscription. Human’s oblivion, however, doubles the importance.

Sinc-Galerkin method based upon double exponential transformation for solving Troesch's problem was given in this study. Properties of the Sinc-Galerkin approach were utilized to reduce the solution of nonlinear two-point boundary value problem to same nonlinear algebraic equations, also, the matrix form of the nonlinear algebraic equations was obtained.The error bound of the method was found. Moreover, in order to illustrate the accuracy of presented method, the obtained results compared with numerical results in the open literature. The demonstrated results confirmed that proposed method was considerably efficient and accurate.

Fire at will is a military term which was used by the supreme leader in the cultural field and the officers of soft war were given orders to act accordingly based on their assessment during the time of soft war. The cultural fire at will command, was given based on rational and traditional foundations which strengthens its influence and solidity. Commanding good and forbidding evil, as great jihad, the principle of uprising and social responsibility are counted as its reasons and the nature of cultural work, the necessity of keeping the government, the principle of expediency and the process of creation of Islamic civilization could be counted as rational foundations of the command which prove its authenticity and permission.

Decrees of Divine law consist of rules and regulations revealed by God for human being to attain bliss. Governmental Decrees in Islam include such executive and detailed orders that Islamic rulers following Sharia and general principles of religion infer in order to manage Islamic society with respect to nation’s best interests which ultimately lead to bliss. Belief in such a will for righteous Faqih, being rooted in his fundamental ideas including his special perspective on politics and its extent in Islamic decrees, his special perspective on government and its necessity and importance in Islamic system of thought and his view of a ruling model at the time of absence, was significantly emphasized by Imam Khomeini after Islamic revolution.

Religious knowledge includes the findings which are gained scientific understanding and study of religious sources through different ways. Religious scholars offer different ways for achieving this goal. As a religious scholar Allamah Tabatabai, who concentrates his efforts on this field adopts certain principles, offers three different ways for gaining a true and proper understanding of religion. Using a descriptive – analytical method, the paper investigates Allamah's methods of acquiring religious knowledge and seeks to demonstrate the relations between them. In his opinion, religious ritual, intellect and self-refinement are three different ways of acquiring religious knowledge, each of which has its own premises and requisites, is used independently and cannot be merged with each other ways. But, the result of religious with each of the three ways will be the same and the differences between the methods cause no difference.

Religious knowledge is consists of doctrines that could be attain with a methodological cognition and inquiry concerning religious sources. But the Prerequisite of This kind of knowledge is some principles that from which scholarly studies on religion is begin and leads to conclusion. Allameh Tabatabaei، in his efforts to achieve a regular and accurate cognition of Religion according to his Special principles، has focused on this point and introduces some presuppositions that with exceeding from which one may perceive religious teachings. He has also two presuppositions: epistemological and ontological. The possibility of analyzing and evaluating of religious knowledge، is an epistemological presupposition; and belief in God، religion، human ability and the world of existence، is considered as ontological presupposition. So he believes that an accurate understanding of religion would be possible only if we try to transcend from these presuppositions and use our principles of religious knowledge.

Given analyses on shakila in Quranic commentaries lead us to philosopher`s statement on human species form. So viewed, perceptions are regarded as the main element for making and transforming shakila and partial cause for its function. This paper, relying on Quranic commentaries and philosophical works, has studied Allameh Tabataba’I and Fakhr Razi`s views in the field comparatively. In this way, the meaning of shakila has been presented and, then, it has been proved that shakila is the same as what is meant by species form in philosophy. Again the cases of human soul`s actions and passions have been proved to include all perceptions.

'Allamah Tabatabaii is a famous and great thinker who, through deliberating on the manifest religion of Islam, presented to the world different methods of understanding religion. Reviewing the past of this godly figure, and the works left by him and his students, the present paper examine the conditions of the development of the deep religious knowledge of this godly scholar. Also, his personality traits and kind of education which he received and which serves as a good example of Islamic education, have important role in this regard.Using a descriptive-analytical method, the author views that there are several influential factor behind the formation of 'Allamah Tabatabaii's religious and scientific personality and refers to the effects of his family, teachers and companions as the more salient factor, apart from the aid of the Unseen which had especial significance in his life. Cultural and epistemological contexts of his time also contributed to orientating his movement towards religious knowledge.