majid khalili

Dynamic production power planning to meet hourly load demand is one of the important issues in production management and operation of power systems. In this article, the problem of optimal load dispatch considering transmission network losses, considerations and practical limitations of thermal power plants such as increasing and decreasing ramp rates, prohibited production areas, steam valve effect with the combination of renewable resources including wind farms and solar units has been raised. Renewable energy sources have reduced environmental pollution due to the non-use of fossil fuels, but these sources have uncertainty and random nature in production. On the other hand, wind and solar sources are considered to be part of fast start-up sources and thermal sources are considered to be part of slow start-up thermal sources. Considering the mentioned cases together complicates the problem of optimal load distribution, in this article, a new method based on the sine-cosine algorithm is used to determine the contribution of different production sources in the load supply. To solve this problem, which has non-convex cost functions, a new method based on the sine-cosine algorithm has been used. In order to evaluation the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation results and numerical studies on a sample system including 6 thermal units, 5 wind units and 13 solar units have been implemented and compared with other metaheuristic algorithms. The results of numerical studies show the superiority of the proposed method over other methods while having the appropriate speed and accuracy.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two motivational climate on physical self-concept and physical fitness among the witness students. The population included 1260 the witness female students in Qom. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group involved task-oriented motivational climate (participatory and voluntary activities) while the second experimental group experienced the self- oriented motivational climate (competitive and compulsory activities). The control group kept up doing the usual physical education program in school. the short form of the Physical self-description questionnaire Marsh et al (2010) and physical fitness tests were used to collect the data. Kruskal-wallis , Anova , related T and will coxon statistical tests were identified, Physical self-concept including physical activities, physical appearance, endurance, physical competence, flexibilities, overall self-concept and self-esteem Also the Factors of physical fitness was raised significantly on account of creating a motivational climate according to task-oriented method. However, the self- oriented method has significantly increased the Harmony dimension of physical self-concept and Factors of physical fitness. Therefore participation in physical activities through creating a task-oriented motivational climate was recommended to increase physical fitness, physical self-concept and feeling valued.

In this paper, bipolar inverse fuzzy graphs are introduced. Several operations are made on such graphs and whether these operations result in a bipolar inverse fuzzy graph is investigated. A type of bipolar inverse fuzzy graphs called strong bipolar inverse fuzzy graphs have been studied. The complement graph and dependent threshold of a bipolar inverse fuzzy graph are introduced and it is concluded that the complement of a bipolar inverse fuzzy graph is a strong bipolar inverse fuzzy graph. An inclusion condition regarding threshold graphs corresponding to two bipolar inverse fuzzy graphs with special conditions will result.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two leadership styles sports on sports motivation among the students. The population included 2056 female students in Qom. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group involved task-oriented motivational climate (participatory and voluntary activities) while the second experimental group experienced the self- oriented motivational climate (competitive and compulsory activities) and The control group kept up doing the usual physical education program in school . the sports motivation questionnaire Malta et al (2007) was used to collect the data. Kruskal-wallis and will coxon statistical tests were identified, sports motivation including: intrinsic motivation, Integrated regulation, External regulation and decreased amotivation was raised significantly on account of creating a motivational climate according to task-oriented method. but meaning growth statistically was not observed in the other two groups, Therefore participation in physical activities through creating a task-oriented motivational climate to plays an important role in responding to their motivational needs and persistence in sports experiences

Let-7f has essential impacts on biological processes; however, its biological and molecular functions in lung cancer pathogenesis have yet been remained unclear. We aimed to investigate the expression level of let-7f and its candidate target genes both in lung cancer tissues and A549 cell line.

Bioinformatics databases were first used to select candidate target genes of let-7f. Then the relative gene and protein expressions of let-7f and its target genes, including HMGA2, ARID3B, SMARCAD1, and FZD3, were measured in lung tissues of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients and A549 cell line using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. The electroporation method was used to transfect A549 cells with let-7f mimic and microRNA inhibitor. The impact of let-7f transfection on the viability of A549 cells was assessed using MTT assay. The expression data of studied genes were analyzed statistically

Results indicated significant downregulated expression level of let-7f-5p (p = 0.0013) and upregulated level of the HMGA2 and FZD3 in NSCLC cases (p < 0.05). In A549 cells, after transfection with let-7f mimic, the expression of both mRNA and protein levels of HMGA2, ARID3B, SMARCAD1, and FZD3 decreased. Also, the overexpression of let-7f significantly inhibited the A549 cell proliferation and viability (p = 0.017).

Our findings exhibited the high value of let-7f and HMGA2 as biomarkers for NSCLC. The let-7f, as a major tumor suppressor regulatory factor via direct targeting genes (e.g. HMGA2), inhibits lung cancer cell viability and proliferation and could serve as a marker for the early diagnostic of NSCLC.

This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications and five cultivars of red beans, including local of Azna, Derakhshan, Sayad, Goli, and Naz in Jihad Agricultural Service Center Al-Mahdi Town, Azna. Results showed that red bean cultivars differ in the characteristics measured (P < 0.01). The highest dry weight, LAI, plant height, distance between internodes, nodes number on the stem, seeds number per plant and per square meter, harvest index, grain yield per plant and square meter, and biological yield belonged to the Goly cultivar. But, the highest CGR was in local varieties of Azna. Naz cultivar had the highest number of leaves per plant, number of sub-branches per plant and square meter, and number of fertile pods per plant. But Sayad cultivar had the highest NAR, RGR, and number of seeds per pod, and the Derakhshan cultivar had the highest ratio of the pod to plant height and 100- seed weight. Except for the lowest seeds number per pod in Naz and ratio pod to height and nodes number in Goly, the lowest Other characters were obtained in Derakhshan. According to the results of this experiment, the Goli cultivar is suitable for cultivation in the study area. The study of correlation relationships showed high and significant correlation between yield, and biological dry weight (0.77**), leaf area index (0.72**), crop growth rate (0.66**), sub-branch number per plant and per square meter (0.61**), node number per plant (0.98**), seed number per plant (0.86**), 100-seed weight (-0.45*), pod-to-height ratio(-0.88**), distance between nodes (0.79), height (0.91**), biological yield (0.49*) and harvest index (0.61**).

Recently, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems have been utilized increasingly in power systems. With the addition penetration of CHP-based co-generation of electricity and heat, the determination of economic dispatch of power and heat becomes a more complex and challenging issue. The optimal operation of CHP-based systems is inherently a nonlinear and non-convex optimization problem with a lot of local optimal solutions. In this paper, the Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (ISFLA) is used for solution of the problem. ISFLA is an improved version of shuffled frog leaping algorithm in which new solutions are produced in respect to global best solution. The ISFLA is well able to attain the optimal solutions even in the case of non-convex optimization problems. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method, it has been implemented on the standard test system. The obtained results have been compared with other heuristic methods. The numerical results show that the ISFLA is faster and more precise than other methods.

The fourth and fifth centuries AH is the period of the domination of the Buwayhīd dynasty over the caliphate of Baghdad. This dynasty of Shiites was very interested in spreading knowledge in the countries under their control and devoted all their efforts to supporting scientists and promoting science. The most important examples of their support for science can be seen in Baghdad, as the center of the Islamic Caliphate. The kings and ministers of this government were very interested in promoting knowledge in all the known fields and areas of that time and were able to accelerate the scientific endeavors made in the time of Hārūn and Maʾmūn with more power. With the spirit of religious and scientific tolerance, to turn the “Dār al-ʿIlm”s as a historical continuation of the House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Ḥikma), into a safe place for research, study and teaching of scientists. In the meantime, some centers such as “Dār al-ʿIlm Shāpūr” became a suitable place for gathering the most important scientists of that time due to the efforts of the honorable founder and the trustees of its scientists. In addition to scientific discussions and debates, valuable works by scientists were made available to science seekers in the center’s extensive library. One of the sciences that was able to develop with the help of the administrative and scientific structure of “Dār al-ʿIlm Shāpūr” is medical knowledge. The large number of books preserved in that center, and especially the dedication of the important medical works of the great physicians of that time, had given it double importance. The present study is an attempt to analyze the prominent role of the library of “Dār al-ʿIlm Shāpūr” in the spread of knowledge -especially medicine- in the fourth and fifth centuries AH.

Due to the variety of products, simultaneous production of different models has an important role in production systems. Moreover, considering the realistic constraints in designing production lines attracted a lot of attentions in recent researches. Since the assembly line balancing problem is NP-hard, efficient methods are needed to solve this kind of problems. In this study, a new hybrid method based on unconscious search algorithm (USGA) is proposed to solve mixed-model assembly line balancing problem considering some realistic conditions such as parallel workstation, zoning constraints, sequence dependent setup times and learning effect. This method is a modified version of the unconscious search algorithm which applies the operators of genetic algorithm as the local search step. Performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on a set of test problems and compared with GA and ACOGA. The experimental results indicate that USGA outperforms GA and ACOGA.

Pharmacological studies confirm antispasmodic activities of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) extract on intestinal smooth muscles and it has been suggested that chamomile increases uterus tone, but so far there is no scientific studies which support this assumption. Therefore, this study was designed to determine spasmodic and spasmolytic activities of M. chamomilla extracts on rat isolated uterus.

Hydro-alcoholic extract of M. chamomilla was prepared by maceration technique. Flavonoids rich extract was prepared by liquid in liquid extraction technique. Spasmodic effects of the extracts were assessed on spontaneously contracting rat uterus. The myorelaxant effect of M. chamomilla extracts was validated on isolated uterus contractions induced by KCl, acetylcholine (ACh), electrical field stimulation (EFS) and oxytocin.

Hydro-alcoholic extract of M. chamomilla (0.8 and 1.6 mg/mL) enhanced spontaneous movement of rat isolated uterus smooth muscle suspended in organ bath. On the other hand, flavonoids rich fraction only diminished uterus contractile activities. Flavonoids rich extract of the plant at bath concentration ranges of 40 µg/mL to 400 µg/mL attenuated uterus response to ACh, KCl, EFS and oxytocin. The hydro-alcoholic extract of M. chamomilla at higher concentration ranges (250 µg/mL to 1.5 mg/mL) inhibited uterus contractions induced by the above spasmogens.

The present study confirms both spasmodic and spasmolytic activities M. chamomilla hydro-alcoholic extract. Therefore, medicinal use of the crude extract of M. chamomilla may initiate uterus contraction which could increase risk of spontaneous miscarriage or premature parturition.

In the environment of business‐to‐business e‐commerce, Buyers and sellers in mature industrial markets can turn single transactions into long-term beneficial relationships by a deeper understanding of the complex connection between the two and buyers and sellers are uncertain about their roles. A “must-do” for the sellers, in particular, is to understand patterns of investment and reward, and effectively manage the process that defines the dynamics of buyer-seller evolution. This paper tries to use data envelopment analysis as a reliable and achievable tool for performance evaluating, quality and performance improvement of Buyer-Seller Relationship, in the situation where the information flows are imprecise data between buyers and sellers.

Due to the ever-growing load, especially peak load, the increase in the capacity of plants is inevitable for the response to this growth. Peak load causes increases in customer costs and vast investments in generating and transmission parts. Therefore, restructuring in the electrical industry, competition in the electrical market and Demand Response Programs (DRPs) are of special importance in power systems. In DRPs, customers in certain periods, such as peak or times when the price is high, decrease self-consumption. It means profit for costumers and prevention of expensive production in peak time for a genera-tion source. Moreover, to decrease the operation cost of network and ever-growing technology significantly, the power sys-tems operators have employed new sources of energy production as well as thermal units, and it has led to the emergence of Electric Vehicles (EVs) technology as a new source of energy production. This paper studies the simultaneous presence of DRPs and EVs to minimize the total operation cost of a network from one hand and from the other to improve the level of system reserve in Unit Commitment (UC) problem with considering the security constraint. Here, the proposed framework is structured as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) and solved using CPLEX solver.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by central nervous system lesions that can lead to severe cognitive and physical disability, as well as neurological deficits such as attention and memory decline. The complications may bring about many difficulties for patients in educational and occupational functioning and low quality of life. Considering the remarkable prevalence of cognitive deficits and its important effects on the occupational and social functioning of MSpatients, this study was conducted to investigate cognitive deficits in these patients compared to a control group. This case-control study was carried out on 34 MS patients selected from among patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital and Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Moreover, a control group of 34 age and gender-matched patients admitted to internal wards was formed. The Persian version of the paper and pencil cognitive assessment package (PCAP) was used to assess cognitive functions. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 software through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Student t-test and Pearson’s correlation test). A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results of t-test showed that MS patients had lower PCAP mean scores than the control group in cognitive functions (executive function, attention, focus and work memory) (P < 0.05). The findings of this preliminary study confirmed that MS patients suffered from cognitive impairments. The assessment of cognitive functions must be done in MS patients. Cognitive enhancement therapy would be helpful for afflicted patients.

Nowadays, fuzzy graph coloring is one of the most widely used topics in real problems. Here is an algorithm for the calculation of the chromatic number of a fuzzy graph. The method of calculating the color number of the fuzzy graphs, obtained through various operations such as union and join, is presented. A solution to the routing problem is also suggested by using fuzzy graph coloring.

Writing treatises and books on ethics and morality is one of the most important topics in medicine history. Teaching and learning medical knowledge and skills was a common one in the golden age of science in Islam, too. The scholars of that period considered the ethical points of view as an important fact in their medical profession. The present article reports the behavior and ethics of physicians based on the review on the first book in this field, "Adab al-Tabib". This book, which can be called the Encyclopedia of Medical Ethics, represents standpoints of the prominent Islamic scholar, Ishaq bin Ali Al-Ruhawi. In this paper, it was intended to summarize the main points of professional behavior and ethics among physicians. Due to the wide-ranging and comprehensive nature of the book, only a few pertinent topics were reviewed. Those topics include the necessity and concept of politeness; the behavior and commitment of physicians towards themselves, patients and society as well as the behavior of nurses, attendees and tips on how to train and examine medical and pharmacy students. Al-Ruhawi in this book, declares that the first necessity of medicine is the true faith and belief in God and the doctors are the guardians of the body and soul. Commitment to medical education, nurses and pharmacists’ role in the management process, physicians’ communication skills suggesting of learning other sciences such as philosophy and more important point, strong relationship of body and soul, are the strengths of Adab-al-Tabib that Ruhawi intended to improve quality of medical services by reviewing them.

This paper presents the boundaries for the energy of a graph. These boundaries include upper and lower bounds. The discussion of the boundaries will determine the energy function of a tree and its relation to the energy of the star and path graphs. Finally, a conjecture is obtained about the maximum energy of unicyclic graphs.

Fertility style is the main factor in the population growth trend. The review of factors associated with the fertility style is a very complicated process since the interdependence of some factors grab the possibility of making a specific distinction between them. Regarding this, the present study aimed to investigate the most important factors in fertility style, including socio-economic factors, religious beliefs, government policies, and cultural factors.

This study was conducted on the articles on the most important factors in fertility style published within 1990-2016. The searching process was accomplished using several databases, including the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Google Scholar, PubMed, Psyc INFO, Thomson Reuters, SID, Cochrane and Medical Library Findings: The search process resulted in the inclusion of 14 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. The findings of the reviewed studies revealed the positive and influential role of religious beliefs in the fertility style. The age at marriage and maternal age were the other effective factors in the fertility style. On the other hand, low economic status, high literacy and cultural activities had a negative relationship with childbearing.

As the findings indicated, the achievement of the most appropriate growth path and a dynamic and balanced society requires an equilibrium and coordination between population growth and cultural, social, and economic development.

Angiogenesis plays an essential role in rapid growing and metastasis of the tumors. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a putative strategy for cancer therapy. Endostatin (Es) is an attractive antiangiogenesis protein with some clinical application challenges including; short half-life, instability in serum and requirement to high dosage. Therefore, production of recombinant endostatin (rEs) is necessary in large scale. The production of rEs is difficult because of its structural properties and is high-cost. Therefore, this review focused on the different expression systems that involved in rEs production including; mammalian, baculovirus, yeast, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression systems. The evaluating of the results of different expression systems declared that none of the mentioned systems can be considered to be generally superior to the other. Meanwhile with considering the advantages and disadvantage of E. coli expression system compared with other systems beside the molecular properties of Es, E. coli expression system can be a preferred expression system for expressing of the Es in large scale. Also, the molecular bioengineering and sustained release formulations that lead to improving of its stability and bioactivity will be discussed. Point mutation (P125A) of Es, addition of RGD moiety or an additional zinc biding site to N-terminal of Es , fusing of Es to anti-HER2 IgG or heavy-chain of IgG, and finally loading of the endostar by PLGA and PEGPLGA nanoparticles and gold nano-shell particles are the effective bioengineering methods to overcome to clinical changes of endostatin.

This paper studies the uncapacitated P-hub center problem in a network under decentralized management assuming time as a fuzzy variable. In this network, transport companies act independently, each company makes its route choices according to its own criteria. In this model, time is presented by triangular fuzzy number and used to calculate the fraction of users that probably choose hub routes instead of direct routes. To solve the problem, two genetic algorithms are proposed. The computational results compared with LINGO indicate that the proposed algorithm solves large-scale instances within promising computational time and outperforms LINGO in terms of solution quality.

Accurate and rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is fundamental for the successful treatment of tuberculosis (TB).
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of common mutations leading to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) resistance.
Patients and In a cross-sectional study carried out in 2014, 90 patients with M. tuberculosis from five border provinces of Iran were selected. After a full clinical history and physical evaluation, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was performed for the detection of mutations in the patients’ katG and rpoB genes. The results were compared with results of a standard proportion method as well as a multiplex allele-specific PCR (MAS-PCR).
A total of 23 mutations were found in isolates among which, codon katG 315, rpoB P1 (511 - 519 sequence) and rpoB P2 (524-533 sequence) were responsible for seven, nine and seven cases, respectively. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) of melting temperature (Tm) in katG 315 codon, rpoB P1 and P2 sequences in susceptible and mutant isolates was as follows: katG 85.4°C (0.18) and 87.54°C (0.62); rpoΒ P1 84.6°C (0.61) and 82.9°C (0.38); rpoΒ P2 83.4°C (0.18) and 85.3°C (0.19), respectively. In comparison to the standard proportion test, the sensitivity of real-time PCR in detecting INH- and RMP-resistant mutations was 75% and 83.3%, respectively. In comparison to the MAS-PCR test, 100% of katG 315 mutations and 80% of rpoB mutations were determined. Overall, 10% of the patients were diagnosed with a recurrence of TB. Age and previous history of TB treatment increased mutation odds in rpoB sequences (P = 0.046, P = 0.036, respectively).
Detection of drug resistance associated with mutations through real-time PCR by melting analysis technique showed a high differentiating power. This technique had high concordance with the standard proportion test and MAS-PCR results.

The issue of options [in the contracts] has a special significance in Imamiyah jurisprudence and civil law and is recognized as one of the voluntary factors of dissolution of the contracts. “Partnership option” and “partition of the commodity option” are amongst the options dedicated to exchange contracts. Despite the significance of the above mentioned options, the distinction between them is not so considered by the Imamiyah jurists and lawyers and there is not a single approach towards it, so that some consider them separate while some others see partnership option as an example of partition of the commodity option. Some also hold that both these two options are meanings of the “defect option”. The authors in order to stabilize independence of the partnership option deliver an analysis of the article 441 of the Iranian civil code, according to which, whenever the partnership of a third person in the commodity is discovered or that property in some way is inseparably mixed with another, based on the partnership option a right will be created for the person who incur the loss. This research is organized for studying and analysis of the nature of the both options and explanation of their distinction from each other so that hereby the relationship between partnership option and partition of the commodity option be evaluated in the process of critique and research.

The study sought to determine the role of organizational culture in public health organization. The role of organizational culture and its dimensions such Meritocracy, human dignity, Enjoining and Prohibited from Denying, Honesty and Transparency, decisiveness in enforcing accountability explained in the official health organization. The research methodology is survey and the type of relationships in terms of the target is applicable. The spatial domain is East Azerbaijan province police commander and the studied period is the first quarter of 1393. The study sample, the entire staff of East Azerbaijan Province police, Sample size of 117 was obtained using Cochran formula. Sampling is the cluster. Research findings show that the average organizational culture of employees, and the average administrative health organization based on their marital status, isn’t meaningfully different. Also, there isn’t any meaningful correlation between organizational Islamic culture and organizational health with the age of staff. There exists a meaningful correlation between administrative organizational health with meritocracy, dignity, good & bad separation, honesty & transparency, and the certainty & reliability in responsibilities. The overall results of this study prove that organizational culture plays a role in administrative health organization.

Sychotropic agents (alcohol, drugs, and illicit substances) have an important effect on the occurrence or exacerbation of psychological and behavioral derangements such as criminal activity and mental abnormalities. The objective was to assess the relationship between psychiatric distress and criminal history among abusers of intravenous drugs, including heroin, benzodiazepine, codeine, cannabis, opium, and ecstasy. Criminal activity history and psychiatric distress were evaluated among intravenous drug abusers in drop-in centers (DIC) (141 subjects) and an outpatient service to delivery methadone to the addicts located in Razy Hospital (Baghdad, Iraq) (120 subjects). Logistic regression analyses using the SPSS for Windows 18.0 were used for analyzing the data. About 86% of the intravenous drug abusers had psychiatric distress and 48.2% had criminal activity history. DIC addicts group had a better mental well-being compared to the other group, but criminal history rate was similar in two groups. In multiple logistic regression, addiction to heroin (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 - 4.1), mental disorders (β = 0.060, P = 0.026), and low level of education was highly related with criminal activity (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03 - 0.89). Higher scores in mental well-being questionnaire of DIC addicts suggest the positive effects of psychological interventions. There is a possibility of the involvement of heroin in occurrence of mental disorders and criminal activity. This finding needs further investigations by larger cohort studies.

exploration of factors associated with re-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be helpful in prevention of disease and reduce the burden of tuberculosis on health care system. This study was designed to identify factors associated with re-infection of tuberculosis in patients with sputum smears positive pulmonary tuberculosis in five bordering provinces of Iran. In this cross sectional study that performed of 2010-2012، different and clinical، socio economical factors were evaluated to identify influencing factors on re-infection. Data were gathered from questionnaires and survey of medical records. Data were analyzed by statistical methods. In 300 studied patients with average age 51. 9 ± 24. 2 years. 7. 2% of patients were diagnosed with re-infection. 64% of patients were in low-income classes، (10. 6 %) of patients had concomitant renal diseases، 10. 2 % had diabetes، and 9. 8 % of patients had liver dysfunction. In multiple analysis، migration from rural to urban areas (P=0. 31) and weight loss (P=0. 42) were significantly associated with increased risk re-infection. Compared to global reports recurrence rate in our cohort was in a moderate degree. Future studies should be done to identify the influential environmental and socioeconomic factors that affect the M. tuberculosis in re-infection