mansoor pahlevan

Objective hermeneutists and Muslim interpreters, although both are into understanding of author's intention, due to interpretive basis of paradigms being essential factor for interpretation differences, the goal of this essay is to understand basis of these two paradigms. Also, the relation of these two interpretive paradigms has been analysed comparatively, Comparing the defaults of these two paradigms, it is shown that for some basis like understandability of texts, language being basic in understanding and intention, meaning being objective, final meaning of texts, texts understanding being subjective, there are some similarities. However, in some other basis like: historisation, intention recognition being made on guessing- which is believed by intentional hermeneutics- and not wisdom, differs from each other. Also, text (Quran) has no contradiction and discrepancy due to its author being knowledgeable (Alim) and this, makes it distinguishable from all other texts. In the mean time, it has been shown that there are some differences between these two paradigmes as far as historisation point of view is concerned, Datum clearly show these similarities as well as differences between these two paradigms. To show these statistics as clearly as possible, the results of the discussions in this essay has been shown in a comparative table at the end of essay.

From the point of view of Quranic scholars, “The Science of Recitation” is one of the sciences that was compiled in line with the correct understanding and interpretation of the divine word and is very important in explaining the divine purpose. Moreover, the science of different recitations (Qira’at) can play an effective role in establishing and explaining interpretation opinions; for this reason, this science has long been of interest to commentators and Quran scholars. The interpretation of Tasnim written by Ayatollah Javadi Amoli is one of the interpretations in which attention is paid to the issue of different recitations (Qira’at) and their effect on understanding the verses of the Quran. The current research, with the descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, is trying to explain the ijtihadi approach of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli with the phenomenon of difference of recitations (Qira’at) and its effect on the more correct understanding of God’s will. In this research, the basis of interpretation of the author of the Tasnim commentary on the recitations (Qira’at) of Sab’ah and the massive reporting of the recitations (Qira’at) and the accuracy criteria of the recitations (Qira’at) are examined, and by studying examples of the criticism of the recitations (Qira’at) in the Tasnim commentary, it is clear that this Shiite commentator is not satisfied with the famous recitations (Qira’at) of Hafs from Asim and by examining the meanings As a result of the recitations (Qira’at) and matching them with correct interpretative criteria, he has criticized some of the interpretative opinions in this field

The best way to know the position of the Qur'an, find ways to get acquainted with it and define it accurately is to study verses and hadiths. In the narrations of Ahl al-Bayt, Quran has a high status; some verses and points are available about its preservation. Examining these narrations, the sermon, and pearls of wisdom of Nahj al-Balaghah shows that the Qur'an has truth beyond words and has a gradational state. Subsequently, Quran memorization does not refer only to memorizing its terms, but understanding and mentioning its concepts, memorizing the limits or practicing it, and receiving its truths by heart. In addition to its value and importance, each course can be a prelude to a higher rank. The Prophet and Ahl al-Bayt are at the highest level of memorizing Qur'an, and others can benefit according to the amount of purity they have.

Nahj al-Balagha, the Imam Ali's Speeches collected by Seyyed Razhi (the famous Imamie Scholor in the fourth century) is said to be over the Creature speech and below the the creator speech. It is a precious book containing the sermons; letters and short words (Hekmat) of Ali (as). This book is important both literally, religiously, politically and socially. It has been available to Muslims for centuries and they benefited greatly from it. This book has several translations in Persian that number up to 100 titles But in addition to the valuable and useful points in these translations, there are some ambiguities that damages the proper understanding of Nahj al-Balagha's terms, so that in some cases the meaning of Mulla 'Ali's words is inconsistent with these translations. Sometimes the translation of the literal meaning of the phrase is rendered by an interpreter, and sometimes the changes of literal meaning of the words over the centuries has been ignored. The categorization of these ambiguities and mistakes and recognizing their damages to the correct meaning of Nahj al-Balagha's in its translations are the subject of this article.

One way to verify the authenticity of narrations is to discover pieces of evidence in hadiths that confirm the content of a narration. Meanwhile, the narrations that indicate a common theme are more valid than other narrations. Investigating the content of the monotheistic sermons of Nahj al-Balaghah and comparing them with the monotheistic narrations of Imam Reza (A.S.) recorded in Uyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha, indicates many similarities regarding monotheistic themes. Some of these themes include rejecting God and creatures' likeness, denying the illusion of God, rejecting the physicality, locality, and visibility of God and emphasizing the invisibility, eternity, and simplicity of God. These common themes become more important when one pays attention to the time interval between the period of Amir al-Mo'menin Ali (A.S.) and Imam Reza (A.S.), approaches in the hadith and theological school of Qom by the author of Uyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha, and hadith school of Baghdad where Sayyid Razi, the author of Nahj al-Balaghah, lived there.

In the Qur’anic verses and Islamic hadiths, human values rank such a high status that religious leaders have also emphasized to respect these values. Altruism and serving humans - in all religions and denominations - have also been emphasized by religious leaders theoretically and practically. Paying attention to such values can play an important role in the solidarity of human societies and the peaceful life of different ethnic groups and nationalities. Human values have also been considered by Iranian writers and mystics, some of whom have reflected those valuable lessons in their Persian poems and texts. Despite blind prejudices, “Religious Enlightenment” requires that those life-giving and altruistic teachings be discussed by scholars.

The concept of speaking the Qur'an was first introduced by Imam Ali. The status of this Qur'an is higher than the written one. the Qur'an has mentioned and directed common people toward ahl al-bayt in many verses. Also, has introduced them as the only authorities who have knowledge of the Quran. According to many hadiths, the prophet (pubh) and the imams (pubh) are the only examples of the speaking Qur'an because all their behaviors, speech and activities are based on the verses of the Qur'an. They are the ones that from among the various interpretations of the Qur'an throughout history know the true divine purpose of these verses. Many deviant sects have misused similar verses to mislead the people so that protecting them from harm is only possible through recourse to the ahl al-bayt. Therefore, we can find the representation of the verses of the Qur'an in their behavior and speech and in fact there is no contradiction between them and the Qur'an, there is no other reference than the infallible Imams for speaking Qur'an.

In the holy book of Quran and sunni resources, salvation in hereafter is defined as being shielded against hellfire and entrance into the paradise.Monopolists regard the staunch Sunni believers the only group qualified to be shielded against hellfire and to enter into paradise. However,the Infallible Imams regard the expanse of Allah’s bounty and favour as vaster. Regarding the issue of salvation and its extent, Imams call attention to two issues simultaneously. First: the monopoly value of Shia Imams and steadfastedly following themyields“guaranteed salvation”. Second is the vastness of Allah’s bounty and forgiveness that leadsto“suspended salvation” (salvation with no guarantee). Almighty Allah grants salvation to people that areerroneous in their beliefs and deeds and don’t worship Allah as he desires so, however, they show no enmity or ill will to Allah’s successors on earth and never fight them. Thus, Imams hold that according to the holy book of Quran and the tradition of prophet both doors are open in hereafter : the door for guranteed salvation and the door for suspended salvation. The current paper seeks to explore the issue of suspended inclusiveness of salvation to many amuslim according to Quranic verses and hadiths. The current paper seeks to show that there is no paradox between holding only steadfast believers and followers of Shia Imams will reach salvation and the vastness and inclusiveness of Allah’s salvation for non-Shias. According to the Shia school of thought both of these lines of reasoning are truthful and plausible.

Human society has always been affected by the phenomenon of war and has suffered its irreparable damages to material and spiritual dimensions. These aspirations have worked. On the other hand, peace has long been regarded as a sacred aspiration among human societies. Therefore, peacemakers and thinkers have been working to realize it. The sacred religion of Islam has always been a call for peace, brotherhood, and equality, but nevertheless the Islamic societies have suffered most in the imposed wars, including the crusades imposed by Christians on Muslims; or the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and other Islamic countries. Imam Ali's (AS) approach to the opponents was centered on peace, and peacemaking had a prominent place in Imam Ali's teachings and Seerah. Throughout the era of his governance, he had maintained the principle of peace and continued it. He showed that peace is preferred to war and bloodshed unless the enemy closes all the paths to peace and provokes sedition. This study aims to answer the question that what kind of model can be obtained for making peace from Imam Ali's Seerah. In this article, the author referred to the history and Seerah books as well as Nahj al-Balagha's teachings regarding Imam Ali's peaceful approach toward his opponents to the light of the way for humanity and create a peaceful world.

Al-hikam al-mansubah ila Amir al-Mu’minin is the final part of Ibni Abi al-Hadid’s commentary of Nhaj al-Balaghah is known as one traditional collection including almost one thousand wisdoms of Imam Ali`s; the author has added this part to his commentary as a complement for Imam’s wisdoms in Nhaju’lbalaghah. The commentator has gathered the complement without referring to any source. In the paper, it has been sought to discover the sources of the complement. In this study more than half of the sources of the wisdoms has been recognized and introduced as follows: Nhaj al-Balaghah 2.4%, Al-Kafi 2.9%, Tuhaf al-Uqul 5%, Al-Khisal 1.9%, Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Hikam 10.2%, Kanz al-Fawa`id 2.8%, Tanbih al-Khawatir 4.4%, `Uyun al-Hikam wa al-Mawa’iz 10.8%, Al-Bayan wa al-Tabyeen 4.7%, Majma’ al-Amthal 3.3%, Shu`ab al-Iman 3.3%, `Uyun al-Akhbar 6.5%, Rabi` al-Abrar 13.4%, Al-Tazkirat al-Hamduniyah 14.8% and Tarikhi Madinati Damishq 4.5%.

The phrase “Fi Zolomaten Salasen” (Alzomar/6) includes one of the most delicate scientific allusions in the Quran about the secrets of man’s creation. In the narrations of the Infallible Imams (PBUT), some instances of it was mentioned such as the darkness of the abdomen, the uterus and Amnion, dark meat, skin and blood, or entangled pods. There exist three views on the concept of the “Zolomaten Salasen” totally: the blinds intrauterine, coating layers of the fetus, as well as spaces between the layers and the curtains. According to the meaning of the word “Zolomat” which refers to dark places, it can be implied that “Zolomat” here is considered as spaces between the layers and membranes, including the space between the abdomen and the uterus, the chorion (meat uterus) and amnion (placenta); and between amnion and embryo. The application of such concepts in the narrations of the Infallible Imams (PBUT) refers exactly to such places. Also in the above verse, the importance of these covering spaces to protect the fetus is stressed.

In traditional dating methods on dating Quran, subject, style and technique, statistical, psychological and hobbies and preferences are common. statistical methods alone do not go far enough, This comprehensive approach should be adopted in which a mixture of narration and of ijtihad. This first suras narratives in descending order, the validity of the document and the text is examined and Obtained, makki and madani saras Then, according to the narrative of each chapter would fall within the time specified Then, taking into account the conditions and characteristics of style and thematic chapters in both madani and makki data, and intermittence period, dating empowerment.

In this saying, the author, after reviewing the requirements of research on topics about Mahdaviat, classified " the suitable issues for research on Mahdaviat " into 15 chapters, including: The origin of belief in Mahdi (a.s), reviewing the effects of other religions but Islam on Islam regarding Mahdaviat and specific or metaphoric mahdaviat, meaning of Gheibat (the occultation of the 12th Infallible Imam), the relationship between prayers with Mahdaviat, comparative studies, authenticity of Ahadith on Mahdaviat, content analysis on topics of Mahdaviat, the manners of politeness to the presence of Imam Al-Asr (a.s.), reflection on Ahadith about Imam Mahdi, giving commentary and explaining Ahadith of Imam Mahdi, research on prayers and Ziarat to the presence of Imam Mahdi(a.s), academic polling about the effects of (having) belief in Mahdi on our society, recognizing deficiencies in writing about Mahdi, and enriching the aspect of certainty to his presence in soul.