mansour karajibani

Diabetes is the most common medical complication of pregnancy. Low serum zinc levels in pregnant women can cause uterine growth restriction and increase the risk of abortion and neural tube defects.

This study was designed to evaluate the association of serum zinc levels with gestational diabetes (GDM) in diabetic and healthy pregnant women referred to Bu-Ali Hospital in Zahedan.

This case-control study was performed on 70 pregnant women, including 35 diabetics and 35 healthy subjects, referred to our diabetes clinic. The subjects were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic, clinical, and obstetric characteristics of the subjects were gathered, and a diabetes screening test was performed for all of them. Then 3 mL of blood was taken from each person to determine serum zinc level by a calorimetric method. Statistical analysis using SPSS software was 16.

The means of serum zinc level in pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant women were 62.22 ± 5.57 and 89.17 ± 12.16 g /dL, respectively (P = 0.001). Except for the mean values of fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour blood sugar levels (P = 0.001), there was no significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic women in terms of age, weight, gestational age, number of deliveries, number of abortions, and body mass index.

Our results indicated that most of the pregnant women had severe zinc deficiency, which could intensify pregnancy complications, boosting the risk of pregnancy complications for mothers and neonates. Therefore, screening for gestational diabetes and zinc deficiency and their treatment are recommended to improve pregnancy outcomes.

The risk of bone fractures, particularly hip fractures is increasing in the elderly. One of the known factors for predicting fractures is body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity. Thus, this study aimed to determine the association between obesity (general and abdominal) with femoral and hip fractures according to gender and age.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 patients with femoral or hip fractures admitted to the orthopedic ward of Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan were selected between March 2018 and May 2019.  Waist circumference (WC), wrist circumference, BMI, and body size were measured. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as statistical significant. All the analyses were performed by SPSS software version 21.

The highest rate of hip fracture was observed in people aged over 70 years (61.9%, P < 0.01). The highest rate of hip and femoral fractures were observed in individuals with BMI < 23 kg/m2 (P < 0.001) and taller people (>167 cm) (P < 0.0001). The risk of fractures decreased with increasing WC (P < 0.01). Approximately half of those with hip fractures (52.4%) and femoral fractures (51.9%) had small size.

On the basis of our findings, taller height, lower BMI and smaller body size have been suggested as potential contributions to the risk of femoral and hip fractures. It is suggested that abdominal fat may be protective against the risk of hip and femoral fractures at older ages, which requires further research.

Abnormality in metabolism of lipids and hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis which is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several herbal drugs are used for the treatment of dyslipidemia. The present study investigates the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Senna extract on serum lipid profile among hyperlipidemic rats.

Forty eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 animals, including group 1) normal pellet diet (control), group 2) high fat diet (HFD), group, 3) HFD with 100 mg/kg Senna extract treatment, group 4) HFD with 200 mg/kg Senna extract treatment, group 5) 100 mg/kg pure Senna extract, and group 6) 200 mg/kg pure Senna extract. All the dietary regimens and Senna extract treatments were continued for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples collected from heart of rats and the lipid profile levels were measured.

The results indicated that short-term treatment by hydroalcoholic of Senna extract produced a significant reduction in the level of cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C (P < 0.05), as well as an increase in HDL-C. The body weight in the HFD group was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05).

Prescription of hydroalcoholic extracts of Senna is effective in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and can inhibit the weight gain induced by HFD in rats. Some of these effects could be attributed to antioxidants activities, biological and pharmaceutical properties and other protective properties of the Senna extract requiring further investigations

Diabetes and obesity are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Irisin is a newly recognized peptidic myokine with anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum irisin levels with cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

In this comparative cross- sectional study, 80 T2DM patients and 80 control participants (adjusted by age, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity) referring to Bou Ali Hospital in Zahedan, Iran, were enrolled. Serum irisin concentrations, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters were assessed.

Serum irisin level was significantly lower in T2DM patients compared to control group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that after adjustment for age, irisin was negatively associated with waist circumference (WC, P < 0.01) and waist to height ratio (WHtR, P < 0.01), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, P = 0.009), triglycerides (TG, P = 0.016), and positively associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c, P = 0.03) in diabetic patients.

The findings suggest that irisin can be used as a marker for predicting of obesity-related cardiometabolic biomarkers, insulin resistance, and incident T2DM.

About 60-80% of thyroid cancer (TC) cases are papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Studies have shown that serum adiponectin levels are inversely related to the risk of TC and PTC. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between adiponectin rs2241766 and rs266729 polymorphisms and risk of PTC. 122 PTC patients and 128 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR methods were used for genotype analysis. The rs266729 polymorphism did not correlate with risk of PTC. As regard rs2241766 polymorphism, the frequency of the GG genotype did not have a significant difference between the two groups, although, PTC cases showed higher frequency of GT genotype compared to controls (OR=2.87, 95% CI=1.56-5.28, P=0.001). We observed a significant association between adiponectin rs2241766 polymorphism and PTC, however, our result showed no significant relationship between adiponectin rs266729 polymorphism and risk of PTC.

Preeclampsia and eclampsia are pregnancy specific syndromes. Vitamin D is one of the pathological factors of this syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of vitamin D in pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia with healthy pregnant women.

In a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, 50 pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia and 50 healthy individuals were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and after taking blood sampling, serum vitamin D levels were measured using a commercial kit and ELISA. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS: 20. P <0.05 was considered as significant difference.

The mean serum vitamin D in pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia was lower than the healthy group (P = 0.002). Also, 38% and 2% of pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia and healthy had severe vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was more common in pregnant women over 30 years of age and BMI over 25, education less than a diploma, a housewife, and a gestational age of less than 34 weeks.

The results indicate that most pregnant women with preeclampsia and eclampsia syndrome are deficient in vitamin D, which affect in the development of preeclampsia or eclampsia. Therefore, timely screening and treatment of vitamin D deficiency can probably prevent preeclampsia or eclampsia and promote the quality of pregnancy.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders in women of infertility. Women with PCOS are at high risk for early cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress, inflammatory factors and other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with PCOS.

In this case-control study, 50 women with PCOS and 50 healthy women referred to Zahedan Infertility Clinic who were matched for age and BMI were selected by convenient  sampling method. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical tests, C3 and C4 complements, TAC and MDA levels were measured in all subjects. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and analysis of variance at the significant level P

Results showed that mean waist circumference (P = 0.048), systolic blood pressure (P <0.01) and diastolic (P = 0.048), serum LDLC levels (P = 0.05) and MDA (P <0.0001) were significantly higher in women with PCOS and serum HDL-C levels (P = 0.03) and TAC (P = 0.05) were significantly lower than   control group. Mean serum levels of C3 and C4 were higher in the PCOS group than in the control group, but this difference was only significant for C3 (P = 0.03) .

The findings showed that levels of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were higher in PCOS women with abdominal obesity. Thus, screening of these factors and weight management, especially in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, is recommended in treatment strategy.

Numerous studies have demonstrated different serum changes in vitamin B12 and folic acid levels in patients taking metformin. The present study aimed to make a comparison between patients with type II diabetes (T2DM) taking metformin and healthy individuals in terms of serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid.

In this cross-sectional observational study, 40 patients with T2DM and 40 healthy subjects were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After recording individual characteristics and taking fasting blood, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and Low-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were measured using commercial kits employing spectrophotometric methods. Moreover,  folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The results indicated that the mean scores of folic acid levels in T2DM patients and healthy subjects were obtained at 3.4±1.69 (ng/ml) and 9.1±4.78 (ng/ml), respectively. Moreover, the mean scores of vitamin B12 level were 176.05± 34.56 and 227.20± 56.84 (pg/ml) in T2DM patients and healthy subjects, respectively (P=0.0001). Except for the cholesterol level, the mean values of fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were significantly different between the two groups. With regard to the risk of a high level of biochemical indicators compared to standard, these indicators showed more increase in the patient group than healthy subjects.

As evidenced by the obtained results, there was a reduction in the vitamin B12 and folic acid levels significant changes in biochemical indicators in patients with T2DM, as compared to healthy subjects. This process can be dangerous in terms of complications and disease progression; therefore, it is recommended to prescribe the abovementioned vitamin supplements for these patients.

Opium addiction, as a major health problem, has been reported in Middle East countries. Recently, contaminated opium has been reported as a probable source of lead poisoning. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate blood lead levels (BLL), liver enzymes, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in opium‑dependent addicts with healthy controls.

In a cross‑sectional study, 75 opium‑addicted men (case group) referred to Zahedan Baharan Hospital were evaluated. A group of 75 nonaddicted men were selected as a control group. BLL, Hb, and liver enzymes levels were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated.

The case group had elevated BLL compared to the controls (19.1 ± 1.6 vs. 9.1 ± 0.4; P < 0.0001). Hb concentrations were significantly lower in the patients compared to the controls (13.3 ± 1.6 vs. 15.1 ± 1.3; P < 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between BLL and opium addict duration in the case group (r = 0.52, P < 0.0001).

Due to the contamination of opium to lead, it seems that opiate addicts are at risk of lead poisoning. Thus, it is recommended that the blood lead level is frequently monitored to control the adverse effects of poisoning and prevent lead accumulation.

Due to the increasing prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia syndrome and itchr('39')s multifactorial nature and the relationship between zinc and this syndrome, this study was designed to compare serum zinc level in pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia and healthy in Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan.

In a case-control study, 50 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia and 50 healthy pregnant women were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by convenient sampling method, 2019. After recording demographic and clinical characteristics in each questionnaire in two groups, 3 ml of blood was taken from each person. Serum zinc was determined by atomic absorption, spectrophotometry. Quantitative and qualitative data were described and analyzed as independent t-test by SPSS software: 16

The results showed that the mean serum zinc level was not significantly different between the case and control groups, but the frequency of serum zinc deficiency in the case group was higher than the control (P< 0.01). In pregnant women with a gestational age of 34 weeks and more, the serum zinc in the case group was lower than control (P=0.04). In addition, hypertension in healthy pregnant women is associated with serum zinc levels. Complications such as pre-hypertension, proteinuria, and abortion were more common in case group (P< 0.05).

Findings indicate that although the mean serum zinc in the two groups was not significantly different, but the frequency of serum zinc deficiency was higher in the case group. Nevertheless, screening for serum zinc deficiency and its treatment along with other diagnostic and clinical methods can be effective in ensuring health and preventing preeclampsia or eclampsia in pregnancy.

 Malnutrition causes nutritional, metabolism, and biochemical disorders and finally leads to mortality. Several studies have highlighted that serum liver enzymes are increased in patients with malnutrition.

 This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between malnutrition and liver enzymes in hospitalized children in Zahedan.

 This case-control study was conducted among 145 hospitalized children under six years old, including 74 cases and 71 controls. The case group was diagnosed with malnutrition according to weight for age indices (Z-Score < -2SD), and controls were determined based on the following indices (Z-Score > -2SD) of classification of WHO 2006 growth standards. Serum was isolated after taking blood from the samples. Then liver enzymes, including AST, ALP, and ALT, were measured by spectrophotometric method.

 A total of 145 subjects were enrolled that consisted of 74 cases and 71 controls. No significant difference was observed in serum liver markers, including AST, ALT, and ALP between the two groups, However, the level of AST, ALT, and ALP was higher than the standard level. There was a significant correlation between AST with ALT (r = 0.74, P < 0.001), and ALP (r = 0.27, P = 0.03).

 The findings indicated that there was no significant alteration in enzyme markers in the two groups. However, AST and ALT levels increased, and ALP levels decreased compared with the control. Different degrees of malnutrition, including mild, moderate, and severe, can probably change the levels of hepatic enzymes in under-nourished children. Alteration of these liver enzymes could be due to the metabolic modification, which can be the result of protein deficiency.
 

Caused by an imbalance in the body’s oxidant and antioxidant status, oxidative stress can give rise to tissue damage and exacerbation of many diseases.

This study investigated the oxidative stress markers in patients with fractures and healthy subjects.

In a cross-sectional case-control study, 40 patients with fractures admitted to an orthopedic ward and 40 healthy, nonfractured patients were selected using convenience sampling. Serum was analyzed for oxidant and antioxidant activities based on standard methods. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was a significant difference in mean TAC between the case (748.2 ± 302.83 µmol/L) and control (984.90 ± 207.02 µmol/L) groups (P = 0.003). The mean MDA was 16.61 ± 4.16 µmol/L in the case group and 18.45 ± 5.43 µmol/L in the control group (P = 0.09). The mean SOD was 63.41 ± 16.67 U/g Hb in the case group and 58.54 ± 21.83 U/g Hb in the control group (P = 0.2). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of BMI and other variables.

A significant difference existed in TAC between the two groups, which indicated increased oxidative stress in patients. However, oxidative stress could occur before and after undergoing fractures. The results suggested a slight, but not significant, difference between the two groups in the SOD and MDA scores. More conclusive results are required to determine the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers of oxidative stress in larger sample sizes and during different stages of treatment.

Knowledge and attitude are the main indicators of awareness about the use of artificial sweeteners.

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to the consumption of low-calorie artificial sweeteners.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 400 diabetic patients admitted to the diabetes clinic of Bu-Ali hospital in Zahedan were selected by the census method. After recording the demographic characteristics, we assessed participants’ knowledge and attitude through a researcher-made questionnaire. Also, the subjects’ practices were evaluated based on their nutritional behaviors. The answers were marked as good, moderate, and poor.

The knowledge and attitude of the study population were 39% and 34.8%, respectively at the ‘poor’ level, 58% and 58.3% at the ‘moderate’ level, and 3% and 7% at the ‘good’ level. There was a significant relationship between patients’ knowledge, attitude and their demographic indicators (p <0.001). Moreover, 8% of patients reported side effects after taking artificial sweeteners, and 20.2% of patients used artificial sweeteners in their pure form beside food.

The findings showed that half of the diabetic patients had moderate knowledge and attitude concerning the consumption of artificial sweeteners. They had limited information about low-calorie sweeteners, which affected their nutritional behaviors so that almost half of the subjects did not consume any sweeteners. It has been suggested that appropriate educational programs be designed and implemented to overcome this information gap.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely related to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in stressful occupations. Firefighting is a hazardous profession and is associated with high metabolic risk. However, limited studies on firefighters are available.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS among firefighters in Zahedan city, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 140 firefighters (age range, 16 - 55 years) employed at the fire department in Zahedan city, southeast Iran. Anthropometric characteristics and metabolic risk parameters, including blood pressure (BP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and lipid profile were measured, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria.

MetS was presented in 47 (33.6%) of the firefighters. Among the metabolic risk factors, abdominal obesity (87.1%), low-high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) (62.1%), and hypertriglyceridemia (61.4%) were more prevalent. Moreover, a significant increasing trend was found with increasing age and work experience (both, P = 0.05). However, no significant differences were found for the remaining metabolic risk factors.

The findings showed that about one-third of the firefighters had MetS. Age, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia were independent risk factors for MS in the firefighters. Thus, efforts should be undertaken to implement healthy lifestyle promotion programs for firefighters.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of fertility age. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women with and without PCOS, who referred to infertility clinic.

In this case control study, 120 women with PCOS and 120 healthy controls, who had referred to infertility clinic, were selected for the purpose of this study. Polycystic ovarian disease was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam (2003) criteria, and the prevalence of MetS was assessed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria for both groups.

Women with PCOS had markedly higher prevalence of the MetS than healthy controls (29.2% and 7.5%, respectively; P<0.0001). Among risk factors of MetS, the most prevalent components were low level of HDL cholesterol (97.5%), central obesity (86.7%), and high triglyceride (77.5%). The prevalence of MetS increased with age and BMI (P<0.0001).

The results suggest that the MetS was more frequent in PCOs infertile women, especially in upper age groups. Thus, the screening of these patients is suggested for preventive strategies in high risk individuals.

Menstrual cycle and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refer to the periodic recurrence of a combination of physical, psychological, and behavioral changes in women.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the age at menarche and PMS with anthropometric indices in the high school female students in Zahedan, Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 300 high school female students in Zahedan in 2017. The demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the participants were recorded. The standard PMS questionnaire was used to study PMS. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) as well as analytical statistics, including t-test and Pearson’s correlation test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.

The results showed that 221 subjects (73.7%) had PMS, whereas 79 subjects (26.3%) had no syndrome. There was a significant correlation between the mean age at menarche and weight (P = 0.004) as well as height (P = 0.025). A significant difference was observed in terms of the status physical factors (P = 0.038), between the mild and severe forms of PMS and age at menarche (P = 0.03).

Given the high prevalence of PMS and its association with anthropometric indices, it is suggested to improve the nutritional status and physical health of high school female students.

Obesity and hypertension are the major threats to health in a sedentary lifestyleand stressful jobs. The bank employees have sedentary jobs with high mental stress. The aim of thisstudy was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and obesity and related factors among bankemployees in Zahedan, located in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 350 employees aged 23 to 57 years were randomly selectedout of 15 bank branches from December 2016 to February 2017. An information form includingdemographic data (i.e., age, education levels, experience years in the banking profession, andphysical activity) was completed for each participant. Body mass index (BMI) was assessed for thedetermination of general obesity. In addition, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio(WHtR) were measured for the evaluation of abdominal obesity. Two recordings of blood pressure(BP) were obtained in a sitting position. Finally, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used toexamine the independent predictors of hypertension. The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 33.1% and 61.1%, respectively.Further, the rates of overweight and obesity were 49.1% and 10.3%, respectively. Furthermore, elevatedWC and high WHtR were 20.9% and 59.4%, respectively. Based on the results, the prevalence ofobesity and hypertension increased significantly by aging. In general, the results of the study showed that the prevalence of overweight andhypertension among bank employees was high compared to the general population. Thus, periodicscreening is recommended for an early determination of hypertension.

Exercise training affects the adipose tissue, which may lead to the secretion of adipokines. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of endurance exercise training on vaspin, lipid profiles, and some anthropometric indices among young people.

The participants included 26 young men selected and categorized into the intervention and control groups randomly. The intervention group underwent the endurance activity (aerobic), while the control group had no exercises during the study. Anthropometric indices and dietary intakes were determined by standard and 48-hr recall methods, respectively. Before and after implementation of the exercise training, the participants' fasting blood samples were collected. Lipid profile (including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL) and vaspin levels were determined.

A significant difference was observed in body fat percentage of the intervention group after exercise training (P = 0.009). However, no significant differences were observed based on the means of anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and daily energy intake between two groups. With regard to the vaspin levels, a significant difference was observed between the participants' scores before (P = 0.001) and after (P = 0.04) the exercise training in intervention compared to the control group. 

Endurance exercise program can lead to appropriate changes in some anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and vaspin adipokine in young people. So, exercise training can affect health promotion of people.

Malnutrition, as a serious health problem in children, has an increasing prevalence in the developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric indices of primary school children in Iranshahr, a city in central region of Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1000 6-14 year-old primary school children studying in 16 public and 5 private schools in Iranshahr city from May to June 2017. The sampling was done using multistage cluster random method. The school records were used to determine the students' ages. Their weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Anthropometric indices including weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age were assessed using the National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization international growth reference and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2000).

The rate of thinness was significantly higher in public than private schools (18.1% vs 1%; P < 0.0001). Overweight/obesity was lower in public schools’ children compared to students of the private schools (0.1% vs 9.3%; P = 0.007). The rates of stunting and underweight in public and private schools’ children were 50.2% vs. 53.3% (P = 0.11) and 46.6% vs 35% (P < 0.0001), respectively.

Findings showed that although nutritional status was better in private schools than public schools, malnutrition is still a potential public health problem in this area. Therefore, the nutrition interventions are suggested at national and regional levels to increase the parents' awareness.

Fetuin-A is a glycoprotein known as a biomarker for diabetes risk. Adipsin or complement factor D (CFD) plays a role in glucose tolerance, and metabolism.

This study aimed to investigate the concentration of fetuin-A and adipsin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy subjects.
Patients and

This case–control study was carried out on 43 patients with T2DM and 41 healthy subjects. Biochemical parameters were determined. Fetuin-A and adipsin levels were measured using ELISA kits. Lipid profile and biochemical factors were measured by spectrophotometric methods.

The results showed a trend toward lower fetuin-A and CFD concentrations between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the levels of fetuin- A and adipsin (P < 0.0001), FBS and HbA1C (P = 0.02), FBS and creatinine (P = 0.03), and BUN (P < 0.001).There was significant differences according to biochemical levels between the two groups (P < 0.001).

The findings suggest that fetuin-A and adipsin levels were decreased in T2DM. It seems that the result of fetuin-A and adipsin levels in the diabetes depends on numerous vague factors. Nevertheless, in comparison with published data the changes of fetuin and adipsin levels in patients with T2DM indicate a complex but not complete role of fetuin-A and adipsin in the pathogenesis of T2DM

Adipokines are involved in obesity-related illnesses and may be an indicatior of increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 10 weeks speedy and endurance exercises training and a period of detraining on the serum levels of nesfatin-1, lipid profile, body fat percentage, and BMI in non-athlete healthy young men.

39 non-athletic male students were randomly divided into three groups of (n=13) men (speedy, endurance, and control). Experimental groups included; endurance group at 60 to 85 VO2 max and speedy group of 80 to 100 VO2 max which trained during ten-weeks training program and three sessions per week respectively. Consequently, subjects have continued four weeks of detraining. Blood samples were taken at 12-hour fasting state under similar conditions in different stage. Serum levels of dependent variables were measured by commercial kits. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software; including; Shapiro-Wilk test, repeated measurement ANOVA, LSD and one way ANOVA test and post Hoc test. p

There was no significant difference according to variable between the groups in the study (p

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known as an important predictor of cardiovascular mortality, which has recently increasing among professional drivers. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of MetS and some related components among taxi and bus drivers in Zahedan, because they have the working conditions and unusual lifestyles that can increases the risk of Mets. In a cross-sectional study, 500 male taxi and bus drivers were randomly selected. Waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were measured. The MetS was defined using criteria of Iranian National Committee of Obesity (INCO). The prevalence of MetS among taxi and bus drivers was 20% and 29.5%, respectively. The most frequent components contributing to MetS in taxi drivers were high triglyceride (81.4%), low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) (81.4%) and central obesity (64.4%); while in the bus drivers were central obesity (75%), high fasting blood glucose (73.3%) and high triglyceride (76.7%). By increasing age, driving duration and decreasing physical activity, odds ratio of MetS was increased. The findingsshowthat drivers are in high risk population groups for MetSandits complications. Thus, the substantial changes in lifestyle and educational programs implementation for promotion of their public health may be able to reduce the MetS risk and disease consequences.

The present study was carried out to enable, motivate, persuade, and assist the households to use their nutritional knowledge for the promotion of their nutritional status. In this descriptive- analytical study, 188 households were randomly selected from four regions, which were selected as the population lab in Zahedan city in south-east of Iran. In the studied households, mothers were selected as the target group since they were the main caregivers in families. In the educational intervention, nutrition experts educated the participants individually. Pre- and post-tests were administered before and after the intervention. The educational program included three sessions with regard to every region of population lab. The questionnaire investigated the participants' knowledge (15 items) and practice (10 items). The total scores of knowledge and practice were calculated and participants were classified to be in weak, medium, and good status in this regard. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. The mean scores of knowledge were 6.5 ± 2.7 and 8.6 ± 3.0 for before and after the intervention, respectively (P = 0.0001). A significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the association of mothers' knowledge with their age and family size of households (P < 0.01). The results showed that the knowledge of participants was weak (55% vs. 21.5%), medium (43% vs. 51%), and good (12% vs. 27.5%) before and after the intervention, respectively. According to the findings, implementation of supplementary, participatory, and advisory programs are suggested for the improvement of household's nutritional practice.

Several studies have been shown the beneficial effect of exercise on markers of health. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of two aerobic and anaerobic exercise protocols on triglyceride, cholesterol, anthropometric indices, chemerin, and adiponectin levels in non-athletic men.
A total of 39 non-athletic men were recruited to the present study. According to protocol, participants in three categories including; aerobic, anaerobic, and control groups, which had endurance, speedy exercise, and without activity, respectively. The duration of interventional program was two months. Body weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were determined. Body fat percent, waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Dietary intake was recorded by 48-hours recall method. Briefly, Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined by an automated analyzer. Serum levels chemerin and adiponectin were measured by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) by commercial kits. Data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical software version 16. P No significant difference among groups was observed according to BMI, WC, and WHR. Significant difference was observed based on percent of body fat in the aerobic group. There was no significant difference in the cholesterol and triglyceride levels and daily calorie intake between groups. There was a significant difference in adiponectin level in three steps between two groups (P Aerobic exercise caused chemerin levels to decrease significantly after training and detraining. Whereas it increased in anaerobic groups. Besides, adiponectin level significantly increased in aerobic and anaerobic groups. It seems that the difference in the type of activity between the two groups led to the changes in the above indicators that require more extensive studies.

Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is a major health problem, which has devastating effects on the healthcare system. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in adult patients on admission to the hospital. In a cross-sectional study, 450 adult patients (mean aged 44.6 ± 15.3 years), on admission to the hospital, were selected from a general teaching hospital in Zahedan, Iran. The assessment of malnutrition was performed based on the anthropometric parameters and using of malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST). In addition, serum albumin level was also measured. The prevalence of malnutrition, according to the MUST criteria, was 40%. The prevalence in age group > 50 years old was markedly higher compared to those < 30 years (56.2% vs. 37.7%, OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 0.71 - 2.5; P < 0.01). The patients with mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 5th (53.6% vs. 31.9%, OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.93 - 3.47; P = 0.009) and also those with serum albumin < 3 g/dL (71.9 % vs 50%, OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 0.93 - 2.2; P = 0.047) had significantly higher odds of malnutrition as compared to normal patients. The highest prevalence of malnutrition was observed in the nephrology ward (48%). The findings showed that the prevalence of malnutrition in patients admitted is relatively high. Since, nutritional status may be deteriorated during hospital stay, it is suggested that nutritional screening by a simple procedure are applied at admission to hospital.