maryam amiri

The purpose of the research was to design and validate the curriculum framework for reducing the risk of cyberspace harm for the elementary school. In the qualitative part, the theme analysis method was used and in the quantitative part, survey method was used. The participants of the qualitative section, in addition to the sources and texts, were specialists in educational sciences and cyberspace, who were selected in a targeted way and with the snowball technique. The research tools in the qualitative part were sandblasting and surveying along with semi-structured interviews with key informants. In quantitative section, the statistical society included elementary school teachers (264 people), 152 people were selected based on Morgan table using convenience sampling method. The research samples in the quantitative part were selected from elementary school teachers in Khorameh city based on Morgan's table in the available way. The research tool in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire, derived from the qualitative part. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data and confirmatory factor analysis was used in the quantitative part. In the qualitative part, 554 semantic codes were classified in the form of 112 basic themes, 29 organizing themes of level 1 and 6 organizing themes of level 2, and the initial framework was formed. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis of the quantitative part showed that the goal with a factor load of 0.87, content with a factor load of 0.78, teaching-learning methods with a factor load of 0.77, logic with a factor load of 0.75 0, learning resources with a factor load of 0.69 and methods of evaluation with a factor load of 0.60 respectively were the explanations of the mentioned curriculum framework. Also, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.989 indicated the high validity of the elements of the curriculum framework for reducing the risk of harm from cyberspace in the elementary school.This framework has been designed and validated through a scientific and methodological process and can be used as a reference for policymakers, planners, and textbook authors, as well as teachers.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) are prevalent conditions that affect the metabolism and can lead to liver injury. They are often associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Protein Hydrolysate of Pistachio Kernel (PHPK) is a natural product obtained from pistachio proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis. It has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. We investigated the hepatoprotective effects of PHPK in rats with type 1 DM or NAFLD induced by a high-sugar diet. We used 96 male Wistar rats and divided them into four groups: Control, NAFLD, Diabetic, and PHPK-treated (5, 50, 500 mg/kg). We fed the rats with different diets for 8 weeks and then administered PHPK orally for 4 weeks. We collected blood and liver samples for biochemical and histopathological analysis. We found that DM and NAFLD increased the levels of liver enzymes, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the blood and caused hepatic damage, as shown by distorted liver architecture, necrotic hepatocytes, sinusoidal dilatation, and kupffer cell proliferation. PHPK administration reduced the severity of these alterations and improved the liver function and morphology in rats with DM and NAFLD. Our results suggest that PHPK has beneficial effects on DM and NAFLD, indicating its potential as a natural remedy for these disorders. Future research is needed to identify the specific compound(s) responsible for its antidiabetic effects and to elucidate its mechanism of action.

In the tourism industry, health tourism is a relatively emerging field of knowledge that can create a dynamic multi-disciplinary economic activity by integrating businesses in the fields of medicine, health, tourism and media. For the development of health tourism, the coordination and cooperation of different organizations and departments is needed, and on the other hand, its promotion and development by the media is of great importance.

Although relatively significant and extensive researches have been conducted on the nature of health tourism, but the issue of recognizing the role of modern media in attracting health tourists and using this opportunity by hospitals has been neglected, which is addressed in the present study. Accordingly, in this research, first by studying the subject literature and reviewing the background, 73 related components were identified and classified based on Laswell's communication model. The mentioned list was provided to the experts through a semi-open questionnaire in order to identify and rank the effective factors.

The results of the ranking of the options with the TOPSIS fuzzy technique showed that in the audience category, the variables focusing on health tourists from Muslim and neighboring countries are the most important. In the message type category, honesty variables have the highest importance. In the layer of the message transmitter, the variables of the Ministry of Health are the most important. Also, in the category of communication channels, the variables of strong and large content production in different Iranian and foreign sites are of the highest importance.

One of the most important factors that makes traveling to Iran attractive and choosing it among different destinations is the low cost of traveling to Iran. It should be said that this component is more attractive for the neighbors than for the western tourists. Also, the facilitation of travel is one of the factors that is directly effective in domestic tourism. Considering the level of per capita income and different deciles of income in the country and neighboring countries, it is necessary to provide facilities that all classes can travel, and this is about the neighboring countries. M is true. Among other issues that have a direct impact on travel to Iran from different countries, especially neighboring countries, is the possibility for easy and worry-free financial exchanges with Iran, because due to international sanctions, many incoming tourists Currency inside the country is a problem are faced to the extent that this factor is considered as one of the restrictions of travel to the country. In this regard, both the government and hospitals should look for conditions for easy exchange through various financial instruments.

Endodontic treatment in dens invaginatus anomaly is associated with challenges in all stages.This case report outlines the therapy provided for tooth #10 with occasional pain. In examinations, tenderness to percussion and touch and non-response to sensibility tests were observed, and pulp necrosis and symptomatic periapical periodontitis were diagnosed.Radiographic evaluation showed a structural anomaly related to the dens invaginatus and the associated periapical lesion. Cone-beam computed tomography confirmed the presence of DI type II. Endodontic treatment combined with photodynamic therapy and active irrigation using a dental operating microscope was successful and radiographic examinations showed periapical healing along with bone formation in 6-month and 1-year follow-up.

Objectives:

 Techniques used in root canal treatment (RCT) can cause postoperative pain. This clinical trial study aimed to compare the degree of postoperative pain following RCT using ProTaper Next rotary files and VDW reciprocating single-file systems.

Methods:

 Initially, a pilot study involving 10 patients in each group was performed to determine the final sample size. Sixty molars with irreversible pulpitis were randomly prepared using the Reciproc or ProTaper system. Postoperative pain severity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), categorizing pain level as no pain, mild, moderate, or severe before and immediately after treatment, as well as at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. Pain scores were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the two groups, and the impact of various factors on predicting postoperative pain incidence was assessed using PLUM ordinal regression (P < 0.05). The non-parametric Friedman test was used to evaluate differences in means before and after treatment.

Results :

No significant differences were observed in pain score classifications between the Reciproc and ProTaper preparation systems before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. However, pain severity scores reported for the ProTaper system were slightly higher than those for Reciproc, with the difference becoming more noticeable 24 hours after treatment. None of the studied factors significantly predicted postoperative pain incidence.

Conclusion:

 Within the study's limitations and despite the absence of significant differences, using the single-file Reciproc system for tooth preparation appeared to yield slightly more favorable outcomes in alleviating postoperative pain of RCTs.

Objectives :

In endodontics, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM cement) are commonly used bioceramic materials. Regenerative endodontics often involves the use of double or triple antibiotic pastes (DAP or TAP), which are effective but may cause discoloration. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of internal bleaching in addressing discoloration caused by 4 different materials.

Methods:

 This in vitro study was conducted on 40 single-rooted anterior and premolar human teeth that did not have caries, restorations, obvious discoloration, or fractures and were extracted due to periodontal disease or orthodontic treatment. The teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10). After root canal instrumentation, the baseline color of the specimens was measured using a spectrophotometer. After applying the aforementioned materials in the canals, access cavities were sealed with glass ionomer (GI), and the color of the specimens was measured again after 1 month to calculate color change (∆E). Internal bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide 3 times within 3 weeks, and values were calculated at each time point. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:

 Clinically noticeable discoloration (∆E>3.7) occurred in the MTA Angelus (∆E=4.88) and TAP (∆E=17.3) groups. The ∆E of the TAP group was significantly higher than that of all other groups (P<0.05). The discoloration was borderline detectable in the CEM group (∆E=3.89) and clinically undetectable in the DAP group (∆E=2.02). Discoloration significantly improved after 3 rounds of bleaching in the TAP group (P<0.05), as well as after 2 rounds of bleaching in the MTA (P<0.05) and CEM (P<0.05) groups. In all groups, ∆E increased after each round of bleaching.

Conclusion :

The CEM cement may yield better results with lower discoloration compared to MTA and exhibit a more favorable response to internal bleaching. For canal disinfection using antibiotic paste, DAP is a good alternative to TAP.

Objectives :

Children frequently encounter dental problems related to traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). This study aimed to investigate TDIs among children aged 7-13 years, who were admitted to the Tehran School of Dentistry in Tehran, Iran.

Methods :

This retrospective study was performed on 70 patients with 129 TDIs. Information, such as age at the time of the accident, gender, cause and type of TDI, the interval between the accident and the emergency care, and treatment, was gathered from the patients’ records. During the follow-up session, the pulp sensibility, probing, and percussion tests were conducted. The collected data was statistically analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test. The significance level was set at P<0.05.

Results:

 A total of 129 TDIs were reported during 2018-2021. Maxillary central incisors (80.62%) were the most commonly involved teeth, followed by maxillary lateral incisors (17.82%) and mandibular lateral incisors (1.55%). Falls were the main contributor to TDIs (31.78%). The most frequent TDIs involved enamel-dentin fractures without pulp involvement (37.20%) and subluxation (19.37%), followed by enamel-dentin fractures exposing the pulp (10.85%), avulsion (10.85%), infraction (4.65%), lateral luxation (3.87%), intrusion (3.87%), and extrusion (3.10%). Splinting (26.61%) and restoration (23.74%) were the most frequent treatments. The average follow-up period was 2-3 years, with a survival rate of 67%.

Conclusion:

 It appears that a significant number of parents are unaware of the necessity of immediate treatment and regular follow-up after TDIs, which can result in a high rate of treatment failure.

Pulp canal obliteration (PCO) in calcified teeth presents a challenge for endodontic treatment, especially when accompanied by discoloration. Guided endodontic access (GEA) has emerged as an advanced method for root canal therapy (RCT) in such cases. This case report describes the successful treatment of a calcified maxillary central incisor with discoloration using GEA. A 32-year-old female with a history of dental trauma presented with discoloration in the left maxillary central incisor that did not respond to external bleaching. Clinical examination revealed a pulpless infected canal with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanning were utilized to create a three dimensional (3D)template, enabling minimally invasive access preparation through the palatal aspect. The RCT was performed in a single visit, followed bytooth whitening using hydrogen peroxide. At 18 months follow-up, the tooth was asymptomatic, and the apical lesion was healed. GEA offers a predictable and conservative approach, preserving tooth structure and providing enhanced long-term prognosis for teeth with calcified canals and discoloration.

The study aimed to assess adherence to scientific writing principles in Social Sciences dissertations at Razi University between 2013 and 2019 based on desirable research criteria.

This study is applied and utilized a descriptive-evaluative approach, examining 765 dissertations titles. A checklist was employed as the research measurement tool, validated for reliability and validity.

Findings indicated Economics and general psychology departments had the most dissertations. Adherence to content criteria was prominent in knowledge and information science, guidance and counseling, educational management-entrepreneurship, psychology, accounting, economics, sociology, and political science. Likewise, adherence to structural criteria was highest in guidance and counseling, psychology, knowledge and information science, educational management-entrepreneurship, accounting, economics, sociology, and political science. Dissertations' content primarily adhered to desirable criteria in the introductory section, research data, participants, and ethical considerations. Similarly, in the structure of dissertations, criteria were observed in presentation format, references-citation, and writing style.

The results indicated significant differences in research criteria among faculty groups, with thesis content being weaker than structure. However, overall, the dissertations demonstrated higher adherence to scientific writing principles than the average level.

Communication skills are key element of dental practice. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of a communication skill training course on the verbal, listening, and feedback skills of dental students.

A total of 42 (20 males and 22 females) third-year dental students of the School of Dentistry of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) were enrolled in this study and asked to complete the Burton GE questionnaire before and after the clinical communication skill training course. The students were instructed through lectures, case-based scenarios, and group discussions. The questionnaire consisted of 18 questions in three dimensions of listening, verbal, and feedback skills, with each area including six questions. The reliability coefficient was determined by measuring Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The validity of the questionnaire was also investigated in this study. The collected data were analyzed using paired t-test.

The mean total score of the students increased from 17.07 to 22.17 for the verbal skills, from 11.80 to 15.21 for the listening skills, and from 16.55 to 21.76 for the feedback skills. There were significant improvements in the students’ verbal (P<0.001), listening (P<0.001), and feedback skills (P<0.001) after their participation in the communication skill training course. No sex predilection was observed in the baseline and final results.

communication skill training courses could have remarkable effects on the improvement of verbal, listening, and feedback skills of dental students.

The superior lateral incisors are primarily affected by the developmental deformity known as dens invaginatus (DI). Oehler’s type III DI has the highest complexity rendering a root canal treatment (RCT) an arduous challenge for this type, so early diagnosis and treatment before pulp involvement are important. This report presents two maxillary lateral incisors with type IIIb DI, the left one being associated with a periapical lesion and the right one with normal pulp. A nine-year-old boy was referred to our clinic complaining of mobility of the maxillary left lateral incisor (LLI) associated with gumboil throughout the previous two months. Periapical radiolucency was visible on radiographs, as well as an invagination that crosses the apical foramen from the pulp chamber in both maxillary lateral incisors. The pulp of the main canal of LLI was vital and pseudo canals were necrotized and associated with chronic apical abscess. Based on the condition of the main pulp of maxillary lateral incisors, two separate treatments were carried out. RCT was done only for the pseudo canals in the LLI, while the main root canal was preserved. The right maxillary lateral incisor (RLI) had vital pulp with normal periapical tissue So the invagination was sealed as the tooth was erupting. During the oneyear follow-up period, the development of the root in LLI with a thick root wall and closed apex was observed in the periapical radiograph but pseudo canals became infected and the tooth became symptomatic, therefore retreatment for pseudo canals was carried out. The RLI root was developed and the tooth was clinically asymptomatic, so it didn’t need further treatment. Maintaining pulp vitality is crucial for type III Dens invaginated young permanent teeth since it could support root formation and improve long-term prognosis, and in cases with pulp involvement, non-surgical RCT is clinically predictable. 

This study compared the cleaning effectiveness of NeoNiTi, 2Shape and Revo_S rotary instruments.

Fifty mandibular molar mesial roots were selected with an angle of curvature less than 20 degrees divided into three groups (n=15). Five samples were selected as negative control group. In all three systems, the final file was 25, 6%. The score of debris and smear layer in three thirds (coronal, middle and apical) of the root canal walls were evaluated using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) magnification. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests for intergroup comparison (P≤0.05) and Freidman and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed for intragroup comparison (P≤0.05).

Residual debris of the 2Shape system in the apical region was significantly higher than the other two systems (P=0.039). Revo_S and 2Shape groups had significantly higher quantities of debris in the apical than the coronal region (P=0.029 and P=0.02, respectively). In the 2Shape group, the amount of mid-region debris was significantly higher (P=0.005) than the coronal. In inter-group comparison there was no significant difference in residual smear layer between the systems. In intra-group comparison in all three systems, the amount of smear layer in the coronal third was significantly higher than in the other two areas. (P=0.017, P<0.001 and P=0.032, respectively).

2Shape left the highest amount of debris in the apical region. The amount of debris in Revo_S and 2Shape groups in the apical region was significantly higher than in the coronal. The amount of smear layer in all three groups in the coronal area was higher than the middle and apical areas.

Despite the high quality of medical services and cheap prices, health tourism in Iran has not yet been able to gain its position in the market due to several factors, including the lack of proper use of media and communication tools. Of course, about the nature of health tourism, significant and relatively extensive researches have been done so far, but the issue of identifying the role of media in attracting health tourists has been neglected. In this research, which deals with the same issue, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts in the field of health and media. The data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (qualitative method). The main factors in this research were divided into 4 groups: message type, audience, communication channels, and the message transmitter based on the communication model. Classification and sub-components were presented with more explanation and based on current issues in the form of health tourism model. The results showed that the audience is the most important factor for the development of health tourism in the country, and after that, the factors of communication channels, message type and message transmitter are ranked third and fourth respectively.

Nowadays, breast cancer is reported as one of the most common cancers among women. Early detection of the cancer type is essential to help inform subsequent treatments. The newest proposed breast cancer detectors are based on deep learning. Most of these works focus on large datasets and are not developed for small datasets. Although large datasets may lead to more reliable results, their collecting and processing are challenging. 

This paper proposes a new ensemble deep learning model for breast cancer grade detection based on small datasets. Our model uses some basic deep-learning classifiers to grade the breast tumors, including grades I, II, and III. Since none of the previous works focus on the datasets, including breast cancer grades, we have used a new dataset called Databiox to grade the breast cancers in the three grades. Databiox includes histopathological microscopy images from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

The performance of the model is evaluated based on the small dataset. We compare the proposed three-layer ensemble classifier with the most common single deep learning classifiers in terms of accuracy and loss. The experimental results show that the proposed model can improve the classification accuracy of the breast cancer grade compared to the other state-of-the-art single classifiers.

The ensemble model can be also used for small datasets. In addition, they can improve the accuracy compared to the other models. This achievement is fundamental for the design of classification-based systems in computer-aided diagnosis.

| Knowledge of the surroundings as a factor affecting the quality of the mental image plays an important role in navigation by users of airport terminals. However, disregarding the effects of the components on the quality of users’ perception of such places’ design has affected the relationship between users and these places. This study was conducted to answer the following questions: What is the effectiveness of components of the mental image and cognitive map on the optimum navigation by airport terminal users? What are the type and extent of the relationship between these components on the quality of navigation of the users of such places? Explanation of the factors affecting the formation and strengthening of the mental image with a focus on increasing the user quality was the main objective of this study, and making it easier to route public spaces was another objective. To achieve the research objectives, a quantitative strategy was used, relying on library and field studies. Qualitative data were collected based on the study of written references on the perception of the environment, mental images, and cognitive maps, and quantitative data were obtained from a field survey using a questionnaire in the study area. The study results showed that for the ranking, the frame (body), legibility (readability), search for meaning, and attractiveness have been the most effective on the cognitive map, respectively.

Ease of routing is one of the most important principles in the design of public spaces. Such spaces can provide higher desirability when they can communicate with numerous users. This study aims to find the components affecting the mental image, to investigate the compliance of the mental map of passengers from the terminal, and the effect of the variables of gender, education, and the number of trips on the mental map. The results in the theoretical part reached four main components: body, readability, meaning, and attractiveness, each of which includes six subsets. Then, by studying these components, a questionnaire was developed and distributed among the passengers. Software analyses were performed by SPSS. The results of the one-sample Chi-square test to check the compliance rate of the mind map showed that the mind map of passengers in terms of the body, meaning, and attractiveness is undesirable. However, the readability of the airport is desirable. The effectiveness of gender, education, and the number of trips on the mind map was reported to be 0.34, 0.14, and 0.27, with a coefficient of determination of 25%, respectively, indicating that the above variables explain 25% of the variance of the mind map. According to the t-tests of independent female samples, there was a clearer mind map in all components, and the analysis of the variance test shows that the higher the number of trips and the level of education, the clearer the mind map.

In the past, attempts have been made to conceptualize all purchases based on the LBO model and through the lens of agency theory. This view of the past has severely limited the ability of financial engineers to create models and tools for entrepreneurship motivation. ETA is a window to revitalize businesses by acquiring small businesses with entrepreneurial capacity instead of starting a start-up business.In this study, according to behavioral, financial, economic, social, and legal indicators, the efficiency degree of entrepreneurship through acquisition models using the non-parametric method of data envelopment analysis based on output-oriented BCC and CCR models from the entrepreneurs and investors' perspectives in the Iranian market. We have demonstrated a comprehensive ranking of the models based on the Anderson and Peterson (A&P) model finally.The results show that based on the output-oriented BCC and CCR models, the crowdfunding model from the perspective of entrepreneurs, and the incubator model from the perspective of inefficient investors. According to Anderson and Peterson model, the optimal model from the point of view of investors is the sponsor model and from the entrepreneurs' view, the self-fund model was considered with the highest efficiency and compliance according to the indicators

Since the most critical constituent of the cost of cryptocurrency production is energy bills, the use of illegal electricity in cryptocurrency mining farms is very common. Illegal mining farms have popped up throughout Iran in recent years. They use large collections of computer servers to verify bitcoin transactions, a highly energy-intensive process that can sap hundreds of megawatts from the power grid, which might lead to several large cities facing daily power outages. Therefore, it is essential to detect illegal miners. Although illegal miner detection might seem like a common anomaly detection problem at first glance, the results reported by different power distribution companies in Iran show that the behavior of many normal customers might be very similar to the customers’ that have some illegal miners. In addition, power distribution companies prefer models that can recognize useful insights into the behavioral patterns of the customers. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, this paper proposes a novel classIfier for miNer detection Based On patteRn miNing (INBORN) that considers the correlation between different attributes and extracts the behavioral patterns of costumers explicitly. INBORN consists of two steps: in the first step, the frequent patterns are extracted and the attributes separating miners and non-miners are determined. In the next step, a decision tree is learned based on the frequency of the patterns. Since the Power Distribution Company of Markazi province is a pioneer in the field of illegal miner detection in Iran, the performance of INBORN is evaluated based on real datasets provided by this company. The experimental results show that INBORN improves the classification accuracy compared to the common algorithms and systems used in the Power Distribution Company of Markazi province.

The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of entrepreneurship through acquisition by identifying, reviewing, and explaining the factors affecting the Iranian market. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative stage, a research questionnaire was prepared using library studies and a survey of experts, and in the quantitative stage, data from the target community were collected using a questionnaire.The statistical population of the present study includes all entrepreneurs and investors. A non-random sampling method was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test) were used to analyze the data.Given the results of this study, we conclude that the acquisition strategy can be considered as a short and operational path in identifying investment opportunities and developing entrepreneurial businesses.

This research, with a new look at the phenomenonof transformation and its search in statesmen, seeks toinvestigate the transformation of the vision and behavior of theofficials of the Islamic Republic of Iran before and aftercoming to power, and also in comparison with the firstgeneration of officials of the Islamic Revolution.

Some researches related to thesubject in the field of the conditions of agents and therequirements of employing statesmen in the religious systemhave been studied before, and some of them have a degree ofcontent affinity with the title of this research. But so far, thestatesmen in the Islamic Republic have not been addressedfrom this angle. Due to the lack of resources and informationand the need to create a theory during the research process, thequalitative research method and foundation data were used,which was operationalized according to Strauss and Corbin'sthree levels of open, central and selective coding. The tool ofdata collection was interviews with knowledgeable persons atthe level of some officials and a group of persons familiar withthe subject. The conceptual framework of the research isdeveloped by borrowing from the theory of neuroticism andthe concept of transformation.

The analysis of the findings indicates that theoccurrence of contextual and insightful developments hastransformed some officials of the Islamic Republic and theiradherence and loyalty to the values of the 1957 revolution hasbeen replaced over time with the pursuit of individual, groupand family interests.

The nervousness at the beginning of therevolution, which was derived from religion and wealth, hasgradually turned into compassion and in the following decadesinto solidarity, duty, and finally, overtaking

Fraud is a common phenomenon in business, and according to Section 24 of the Iranian Auditing Standards, it is the fraudulent act of one or more managers, employees, or third parties to derive unfair advantage and any intentional or unlawful conduct. Financial statements are a means of transmitting confidential management information about the financial position of a company to shareholders and other stakeholders. In this paper, by reviewing the literature, 6 indicators of current ratio, debt ratio, inventory turnover ratio, sales growth index, total asset turnover ratio, and capital return ratio as input and detection of financial fraud as output are considered for the fuzzy neural network. The database was compiled for 10 companies in the period from 2010 to 2018 after clearing and normalizing qualitatively between 1 to 5 discrete numbers with very low or very high meanings, respectively. The fuzzy neural network model with 161 nodes, 448 linear parameters, 36 nonlinear parameters, and 64 fuzzy laws with two methods of accuracy approximation of mean squared error and root mean squared error has been set to zero and 0.0000001 respectively. This neural network can be used for prediction.

The goal of this study was to compare the use of conceptual metaphors in English novels written by native and nonnative writers of English. Therefore, two novels were selected: To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee, a native English writer, and The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, a nonnative English writer. To find the instances of conceptual metaphors in each book, approximately 10% of the pages of each novel was randomly selected and examined line by line based on the framework introduced by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). In the next step, to find the number and type of metaphors used in each book, the identified metaphors were categorized under their underlying concepts and counted. Then, the frequencies of different types of metaphors in each book were tallied and tabulated, and with the use of a chi-square test, the possible differences among the 2 writers’ use of different types of metaphors were found. Results indicated that, in both novels, there were significant differences among the 5 types of metaphors that were identified, namely structural metaphors, ontological metaphors, orientational metaphors, metonymy, and personification. Findings revealed that, in both books, ontological metaphors were the most frequently used type and personification was the least frequently used one. Also, no statistically significant difference was seen between the two writers’ use of the different types of metaphors. Findings are claimed to bear some implications for L2 pedagogy, benefiting teachers, syllabus designers, writers, and L2 learners.

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders that is increasing at an alarming rate, for the prevention, control, and treatment of which an appropriate diet is needed. This study aims to examine effects of pistachio hydrolysates on blood glucose in streptozotocin-diabetic and high-sugar diet-fed rats.

The prepared pistachio hydrolysates were administered to 96 rats that were divided into 12 groups, including 9 target groups and 3 control groups. The target groups were divided into three groups of rats with a normal diet, rats with a high-sugar diet, and streptozotocin-diabetic rats with a normal diet, which were fed on different doses of pistachio hydrolysates (5, 50, and 500 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the levels of fasting blood glucose, two-hour postprandial glucose, fourhour postprandial glucose, HbA1c, and insulin were measured.

The results showed that pistachio hydrolysates could significantly reduce the level of blood sugar in type 1 diabetic and high-sugar diet-fed rats compared to the control groups (P˂ 0.05). This research is the first one to have demonstrated that pistachio protein lysates have a strong effect on blood glucose in type 1 diabetic rats and the ones received a high-sugar diet. This treatment decreased the blood glucose level in the former but controlled glucose concentration in the latter. Besides, the results showed that HbA1c, FBG, two-hour postprandial glucose, and four-hour postprandial glucose decreased significantly, while the insulin level increased in rats having consumed pistachio hydrolysates (P˂ 0.05).

It is concluded that pistachio proteins could play a positive role in type 1 diabetic people and those having a high-sugar diet.

Due to the impacts of exchange rate on the value of energy sector variables, this study investigates Exchange rate Overshooting and its effect on energy sector (oil-gas) Value Added. For this purpose, in the two scenarios, firstly, using the Mandel Fleming and Dornbusch model, the exchange rate was analyzed And by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach, long-run relationships between exchange rate monetary  Overshooting variables and other variables were determined.. In the second scenario, to investigate the effects of exchange rate monetary  Overshooting and its effect on the value added of the energy sector ,we used the threshold regression model (TAR) with two different regimes .According to the results when the exchange rate is below the threshold (149.98), the variables of gross fixed capital formation and currency exchange rate overshooting are not significant and the variables of energy consumption, inflation and capital stock have a significant effect on the value added of the energy sector. Also after the threshold (149.98) the variables of capital stock and inflation are not significant and the variables of energy consumption exchange rate monetary  Overshooting and gross fixed capital formation have a significant effect on the value added of the energy sector.

Traditional herbs are effective in the treatment of many diseases. It is proven that traditional herbs can decrease the risk of cancer and grow the survivals of patients.
Based on the results of our previous research, ethanol Baneh skin extract has cytotoxic effect on pc3 cells; thus, we decide to determine the effect of Baneh extracts on Bcl2 and Bax expression and amount of concentration of caspase3.
The expressions of apoptotic - related genes were determined by real time PCR and the concentration of caspase3 was determined by ELISA method.
Ethanol Baneh skin extract increased the mRNA expression of Bax and decreased the mRNA expression of Bcl2 in pc3 cells and also increased the amount of caspase3.
The result of this study indicates the Ethanol Baneh skin extract including photochemical that might be a candidate for the herbal anti - cancer drugs.