masoud fazilat-pour

Chemotherapy, as one of the common treatments for breast cancer, is associated with many side effects including pain, which negatively affects the physical and psychological health of patients. Some studies have shown that mindfulness-based interventions can lead to a reduction in cancer patient’s pain and life expectancy. However, some studies reported conflicting results.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MiCBT) on the pain and life expectancy of women with breast cancer during chemotherapy.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre and post test with a control group ans a one-month follow-up. For this purpose, 28 breast cancer patients aged 19-70 in 2022 were purposefully selected from medical centers in Shiraz city and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control (14 patients for each group). The intervention group received six-week sessions (90 minutes) of MiCBT group therapy (Cayoun et al., 2018), while the control group used the common chemotherapy method. Both groups were evaluated using a Brief Pain Inventory (Cleeland, 1991) and Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991). In addition, multivariate analysis, variance analysis with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc was used to analyze the data with SPSS26 software.

The intervention group had significantly lower pain scores (F(1,25)= 72312, p< 0.01, η2= 0.73) and higher life expectancy scores (F(1,25)= 9.62, p< 0.01, η2= 0.72) in the post-test. In addition, the differences remained significant in follow-up (p< 0.05).

Based on the findings, MiCBT moderated pain and life expectancy of breast cancer patients. Further studies are required to assess the efficacy of the MiCBT intervention in larger randomized trials.

The present research, which was conducted with the aim of investigating and explaining the efforts made in the field of conceptualization of moral character; It is a systematic review that was done using the library review method. To carry out the research, Farsi and English keywords of moral character, ethics, and character virtues were searched in well-known databases from 1970 to 2023, and 38 articles were extracted. Thirty-two articles were selected based on the criteria of the degree of connection with the research topic, the credibility of the authors, and the publishing journal, and the rest were discarded. The findings showed that moral psychologists had examined personality traits related to moral behavior in recent years to predict moral behavior. Following the recent orientations, various models have emerged under different titles but with the same theme of moral character. Among the models of moral character, the three-component model of Cohen and colleagues (2014) seems to be the one that conceptualizes moral character in the form of a multifaceted structure, including motivational, ability and identity components; it should be more comprehensive in determining and conceptualizing the constituent components and mechanisms of an ethical character. The findings of this study research can be effective both theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the personality antecedents of ethical and unethical behavior have been interpreted. In addition, from the practical point of view, these findings can help psychologists interested in this field to evaluate moral character. In addition, the present research findings can effectively determine the appropriate criteria during the selection and recruitment of organizations.

This study aimed to investigate the structural relationship between academic resilience and academic well-being with the mediating role of emotional competence. This study adopted a descriptive-correlational design, and the statistical population included all high school students in Evaz, a city located in the south of Fars province, of which 292 (118 boys and 174 girls) were selected using a convenience sampling method. The participants were asked to fill in academic resilience scale, emotional competence, and academic well-being questionnaires. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling using SPSS-16 and AMOS-24 statistical software were used. The results showed that academic resilience predicted academic well-being both directly and through intrapersonal emotional competence though the mediating effect of interpersonal emotional competence was not significant. In addition, while intrapersonal emotional competence positively and significantly predicted academic well-being, interpersonal emotional competence did not significantly predict academic well-being. The findings of this study contribute to the literature both theoretically and practically. From a theoretical perspective, the findings highlight the importance of intrapersonal antecedents in enhancing academic well-being. From a practical point of view, the results show that students’ intrapersonal emotional competence and academic resilience can be promoted by providing them with the necessary training, which, in turn, can contribute to students’ academic well-being.

Despite the novelty in methodologies, User behavior study based on brain activity during information-seeking stages has become popular among information science researchers. This paper reviews scientific publications in which information-seeking behavior has been studied along with recorded brain activity to shed light on research status, challenges, and suggestions for future studies. Based on Kitchenham & Charters (2007) framework, a complete web search was performed in English and Persian scientific databases, and 22 publications in English were found as the final result, from 2007 to 2020. Review results demonstrate that exploring the user status (10 papers) and brain wave activity during information-seeking episodes (12 papers) were the most dominant subjective approaches in the field of user behavior studies. Cognitive load was found as an effective cognitive component on user status. With eye movement measurement and brain waves frequency study, 3 factors were found effective on cognitive load level generated during information searching and processing: searching media type, information representation, and text reading style. Brain wave activity and pupil dilation analysis were the most important measures in user status during search stages, and alpha and theta band waves were demonstrated as an index for cognitive load measurement during the information searching process. A correlation among eye data, search behavior, task complexity based on user experience, and cognitive style – as another effective factor on user status- led to results in different information searching behavior demonstrations. Also, 3 main stages were analyzed in the information-seeking process, based on brain wave activity: information exploring and query formulation, query reformulation and selection, relevance judgment, and decision making. Results showed a difference between brain activity areas, and differences in pupil dilation change level and alpha/beta frequency level during different search episodes. For future research, some suggestions were offered based on reviews. Finding relations between correlations among cognitive styles, task features, and domain knowledge during information searching process, personalized information retrieval improvement, more collaboration between information science and neurocognitive specialists, research in more user affective status like aggression and fatigue during the search process, using more economic methods and portable devices aiming to reduce research costs and expenses, facilitating larger sample studies and designing standard tasks were considered as a suggestion. Finally, some challenges were found based on reviewed studies. Some concepts like relevance feedback in information retrieval need more investigation. Also, it is necessary to investigate and explore user affections during the search process with multiple approaches.

Spiritual intelligence is the highest level of intelligence, the emergence and expression of which is related to spirituality. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the anthropological foundations of spiritual intelligence and to deduce the principles and educational methods related to it from the perspective of Rumi. This research is among the qualitative researches in which two methods, descriptive-analytical and inferential (reconstructed Franken method) have been used. The results of the research showed that things like: the originality of intelligence and thought, the possibility of understanding meaning, the acceptance of divine sovereignty, understanding the need of man to return to his origin, and the two-dimensional nature of man can be put forward as the anthropological foundations of spiritual intelligence from Rumi's point of view. Based on these principles, principles such as education of intellect and guidance of thought, possession of research science, acceptance of Sharia and following the path of tariqat, self-knowledge and inner purity have been presented.Based on these principles, it can be stated that using methods such as interviewing people with common sense, guiding and reforming thoughts, abandoning selfishness and selfishness before God, silence, strengthening the spirit of truth-seeking, teaching religious wisdom, treating mental and moral illnesses, reflecting on oneself , meditation and They are effective for cultivating spiritual intelligence.

The study aimed to evaluate and compare working memory and cognitive flexibility of monolingual and bilingual Arabic-Persian students. The method of the present study was descriptive. The study population consisted of 473 female monolingual and bilingual 10- to 12-year-old female students in Kangan city in the 1396-97 academic year, which among them, 100 students, 50 of whom were Persian-speaking and the other 50 bilingual (Arabic-Persian-speaking), were selected by random sampling. A computer version of the Wisconsin test was used to measure cognitive flexibility (Grant and Berg, 1948) and the Wechsler IV Digit Span subscale (Wechsler, 2003) was used to measure working memory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Independent T-Test. The results showed a significant difference between monolingual and bilingual students in working memory and cognitive flexibility. The performance of bilinguals in both variables is better than monolingual children.

Critical thinking has been one of the most important concepts in recent years; But the identification of predictor variables in the form of a structural model and in the educational environment has not been studied.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mindfulness as a mediator in the relationship between autonomy supportive environment and critical thinking.

The research method is correlation and modeling of structural equations. The population of this study included all high school students in Shiraz city in the academic year 2019-2020. 525 students (301 girls and 224 boys) were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Participants answered three questionnaires: autonomy supportive environmental scale (Assor and et al, 2002, Assor, 2012), Freiburg mindfulness questionnair (short form, Walach and et al, 2006), and California critical thinking test (Facione, 2013). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and AMOS software and fitness indicators.

The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit with data. Direct path coefficients indicated that the autonomy supportive environment was a significant predictor of mindfulness (P <0.001, β = 0.18) and critical thinking (P <0.001, β = 0.18). Mindfulness was also a significant predictor of critical thinking (P <0.001, β = 0.28). In addition, the results indicated that mindfulness was able to play a mediating role in the relationship between autonomy supportive environment and critical thinking.

Environmental characteristics such as autonomy supportive environmental along with interpersonal factors such as mindfulness play an important role in students' critical thinking and it is necessary to pay attention to them in educational planning.

Due to the lack of a comparative study on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral approaches on Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of CBT, ACT, MCT, and MICBT on the symptoms of OCD patients.

The research design was experimental, with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and a control group. The research population comprised patients with OCD who are referred to Shiraz (Iran) Counseling centers in the first quarter of 2017 with a definitive diagnosis of OCD. Participants were elected and had been assigned to five groups of twenty individuals by random. The subjects have been evaluated before and after the intervention by the Yale-Brown questionnaire. Data are analyzed using repeated measure analysis of Anova via SPSS 21.

The findings showed that all four types of intervention, i.e., MiCBT, MCT, ACT, and CBT, were effective in improving short-term OCD symptoms. Also, there was no significant difference in the long-term (follow-up/one month) between the MCT and CBT approaches; while ACT and MiCBT have maintained their therapeutic effect in the follow-up.

OCD can be treated with all the mentioned therapies in short term; but, only ACT and MiCBT can be helpful in the long term.

Methamphetamine abuse has been growing during the past decade. Recent studies show that computerized training intervention can be useful. The present study compared a variety of cognitive bias modification methods (i.e., attention bias modification, approach bias modification and their combination) on attention bias, approach bias and relapse among methamphetamine abusers.

A total of 108 patients were recruited as the primary sample and the obtained data from 97 patients were analyzed in the final analysis. After being matched according to demographical characteristics, participants were assessed for cognitive bias and relapse to measure the baseline. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned to three different training conditions receiving eight training sessions and a control condition. Finally, all participants underwent a post-assessment similar to the pre-assessment.

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated significant reduction both in cognitive bias and relapse in the experimental conditions compared to the control condition. Post-hoc tests suggested no significant differences in relapse in the experimental groups. Furthermore, attention bias decreased in groups after Attention Bias Modification (ABM) and approach bias decreased in the groups which received Approach Avoidance Task (AAT-T).

It can be suggested that different treatments of cognitive bias modification, by reducing cognitive bias and relapse, could be beneficial for methamphetamine abusers.

Sleep has been shown to have an impact on the consolidation of motor memory in adults. However, sleep-dependent consolidation is not well-specified among children compared with adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep on childrenchr('39')s motor memory consolidation. The participants were 32 voluntary boys aging from 10 to 12 years old from Kerman, which had the necessary qualifications for entering the study. Serial Reaction Time Task was used to determine the implicit memory in children. The participants were allocated into a sleep group (8±1pm and 8±1am) and a wake group (8±1am and 8±1pm). Each group underwent five training blocks consisiting of 90 trails in each block in the acquisition phase. The retention (consolidation) and transfer tests were administered 12 hours after the acquisition phase in both groups. For analyzing data 2×2 and 4×2 Mixed ANOVA tests were used. The results in the retention and transfer tests showed that the reaction time was significantly different in two blocks (P > 0.05), but the effect of group and block interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.05). The results also indicated that motor memory consolidation occurred in sleep and wake groups, however, it was not sleep-dependent. The findings revealed that children‘s performance was improved and enhanced not only through the training sessions, but after the learning phase in the offline period. In addition, the memory associated with a learned skill enhanced over time. It can be concluded that sleep was not the essential factor in the enhancement of offline learning and the transfer of sequential implicit motor task among children.

The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-integrated cognitive behaviour therapy on emotional states (depression, anxiety, & stress) and quality of life (physical health and mental health) of adults with multiple sclerosis.

The studied population included all patients who referred to Kerman MS society among them 30 patients were selected using purposive sampling method and they were divided by random into the intervention group of MiCBT and a control group. Depression, Anxiety, stress scale (DASS-21) and quality of life of people with MS [MSQOL-54] questionnaire was employed as the measurement tool.

Results showed that physical health, mental health and quality of life, in general, was significantly increased and depression, anxiety, stress were significantly decreased in the MiCBT group when compared with the control group.

As a result, mindfulness-integrated cognitive behaviour therapy is suggested as an effective intervention in decreasing psychological problems of people with MS, including depression, anxiety and stress and in improving their quality of life.

Thinking as one of the cognitive functions has always been of interest to researchers. With a distinction between divergent and convergent cognitive processes, Guilford has made a huge impact on experimental research on creative thinking. Alpha frequency band in the range of 12-8 Hz is associated with cognitive functions such as creativity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the increase and decrease of alpha power changes (event-related synchronization and de-synchronization) in two different types of divergent and convergent thinking.

The sample of this study consists of 38 postgraduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (19 males, 19 females) who were selected by available and voluntary sampling method. The brain waves were recorded using a 19-channel instrument while performing divergent  and convergent thinking tasks, and alpha power changes were analyzed using MATLAB software.

activity of alpha waves is in the position of divergent thinking from the anterior regions to the posterior regions with synchronization, while in the convergent thinking position we have seen the reduction in the power of the alpha band in the posterior regions compared to the anterior regions of the brain.

The activity of alpha waves is significantly associated with divergent thinking tasks, which increased activity in the posterior regions of the brain with increased activity, in contrast to tasks related to convergent thinking, indicated decreased activity from the anterior regions to the posterior regions.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. Attention is one of the most important cognitive functions which is impaired in children with ADHD that can affect the future educational, social and occupational functions of these children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attention training on attentional functions in children with ADHD.

The method of this study was semi- experimental with purposive sampling with pre-test and post-test for control group. For this aim, 40 male students were diagnosed as ADHD who were selected by clinical interview and Conner's questionnaire and randomly 20 participants were assigned in the experimental group and 20 were assigned in the control group. In order to measure the variables of the research, Stroop task, continuous performance test, Wisconsin Card Sorting test, and divided attention test were used. Attention training was presented on the experimental group in 8 sessions, using a set of related cognitive games and attention-based task .For data analysis, covariance analysis was used.

The results indicated that attention training significantly increased the sustained attention performance and response inhibition of children with ADHD, but there was no significant effect on the selective attention function, shifting attention and divided attention.

According to the findings, the present training package can be used to improve sustained attention and response inhibition in children with ADHD.

According to Tulving, semantic memory is one of the sub-types of memory which is the ability to recollect concepts and semantic words. The hierarchy of the generated exemplars of the given concepts is one of the typical measures for this type of memory. Except for the Farsi language, there are mass studies in preparation of the conceptual categories; therefore the present study is aimed to prepare category norms for the Iranian students.
The method of study was descriptive. The target population includes all of the current students at the universities of Iran. The studied sample consisted of 200 students, recruited from the universities from five geographical zones by convenience sampling. For data collection, the original method of Battig and Montague (1969) is employed where the conceptual stimuli are presented in 30-second intervals.
After eliminating the incomplete responses, the valid generated exemplars of 165 participants for 51 concepts as extracted from the original Battig and Montague study, are analyzed. The measures of potency, rank, and the total number of generated exemplars are extracted for each of the exemplars. In addition, the percentages’ measures of the total number for each of the exemplars and the percentage of the generated exemplars as the first response are extracted.
Concussion: The extracted category norms can be used as a valuable tool for the studies of semantic memory in different scientific areas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of MBSR training on the sustained attention and academic boredom of students.
The method was semi-experimental and the employed design was pretest and posttest with intervention and control groups. The research population consisted of undergraduate female undergraduate students studying and residing at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman dormitories in 2005-2006. Among them, 55 individuals were screened by Delavarepour’s Academic Boredom Questionnaire and they are divided into two groups of intervention and control. To reach this sample, about 400 people in the dormitory filled out the questionnaire. Both the groups conducted the Delavapour’s Academic Boredom, and the Freiburg Mindfulness questionnaires, plus the Continuous Performance Test before and after the intervention. The intervention group participated in the 8 weeks MBSR sessions.
Data are analyzed using ANCOVA and the results indicated that MBSR had a significant effect on reducing individuals ‘academic boredom, increasing sustained attention as well as increasing mindfulness.
MBSR treatment interventions can be used as an effective method for the students with academic boredom and sustained attention problems

Suffering from chronic diseases including epilepsy during adolescence is a crisis for the whole family. Among the affected areas in these families is mother-child relationship quality which necessitates special attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of child relationship training based on ACT on the parent-adolescent conflict of mothers with epileptic child. This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population included mothers with epileptic teenagers of Isfahan city. Participants recruited through convenient sampling from Esfahan Epilepsy Center. 24 mothers were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of training and control with the equal sample sizes. They completed the Conflict Tactics Scales as the pretest and posttests. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed a significant decrease in parent-adolescent conflict in the mean posttest in the training group as compared to the control group (p

Respect to women’s autonomy in vaginal child birth is a key factor of maternity care. Engaging women in decision-making in vaginal delivery helps women have a positive experience of delivery.
In this content analysis of qualitative study we explored experiences of mothers and midwives in women’s role in normal vaginal childbirth.
This study was conducted in 2013 - 2014 in Iran. Overall 23 women and midwives were evaluated in this study. Data collected from 12 women and 11 midwives via in-depth semi structured interviews. Participants were selected from governmental and private hospitals in Mashhad and Kerman, Iran. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis with MAXqda software (version, 2007).
Mothers’ and midwives’ experiences about women’s role in vaginal childbirth could be organized and categorized in one theme, referred to “Empowerment of women in vaginal childbirth”. This theme consists of two subthemes: “attempts to exhibit self-assertion” and “quest for information” and four categories of compromise with the labor process, cooperation with midwife, finding delivery sources during pregnancy and seeking delivery information in labor.
Attention to women active role in vaginal child birth could improve women experience of vaginal delivery.

The aim of this study was to compare episodic and semantic memory in adults with different ages from young to beginning of old age. The numbers of participants were 300 that were chosen by convenience sampling method and their ages were ranked: 20-25, 30-35, 40-45, 50-55, 60-65 ages. The participants completed the prospective memory, face and name recognition, free recall of actions and sentences to investigate episodic memory and letter verbal fluency in order to investigate the semantic memory. The results showed significant difference between different age groups 50-55, 60-65 in term of episodic memory when compared to other ages 20-25, 30-35, and 40-45; whereas in 50-55 and 60-65 age groups there was no significant difference. The comparison among ages in terms of semantic memory showed that after controlling their education level there was no significant difference among age groups. Findings revealed that by increasing of age after 45-50 the performance in episodic memory becomes weaker, whereas the increase of age doesnt affect semantic memory performance.

Aim and Understanding in the minds of the couples (mind reading) and mental disorders are among the problematic factors between couples. Since these variables have not been studied beyond simple relationships, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of mind-reading on marital satisfaction with the mediating role of general health.
Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive correlational study. The research population consisted of all couples who referred to counseling centers in Kerman, Iran, in 2016. 82 couples (164 individuals) from three centers with convenience sampling answered to ENRICH couple scale (ECS), reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET) and general health questionnaire (GHQ). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including path analysis were used to analyze the data.
Findings: Direct effect of mind reading on somatic symptoms (P ≤ 0.01, β = -0.37), social dysfunction (P ≤ 0.05,
β = -0.29), depression (P ≤ 0.01, β = -0.34) and conflict resolution (P ≤ 0.05, β = -0.22) was significant, while its effect on idealistic distortion (P ≤ 0.01, β = 0.11) and marital satisfaction (P ≤ 0.05, β = 0.10) was significant indirectly, which was applied by the mediating role of depression. Finally, the variables of this study explained 20% of marital satisfaction total variance.
The relationship between mind reading and marital satisfaction is not simple and linear. Variables such as depression have a partial mediating role in this relationship in a way that the mind reading effect through mental health further increases marital satisfaction.

Attention impairments are the hallmark feature of subclinical depression. The present study used Navon task to compare the allocation of attention to the local and global stimuli in depressed and nondepressed participants.
The primary sample included 186 female high school students from Shiraz city who were selected using cluster sampling. The final sample included 145 participants with a stable mood during two-week mood monitoring (75 nondepressed and 70 depressed). A computerized version of Navon task was used to measure attention to local and global stimuli.
Depressed participants showed relatively faster reaction times to the global stimuli than to the local stimuli when compared with those in the nondepressed group, which implies a more global scope of attention.
Findings are discussed in line with the available conceptualizations of attention changes in depression. In addition, the results are explained in terms of the defocused attention hypothesis and functional perspective of depressed mood.

The present study aimed to compare the severity of ADHD and its subscales together with the mindfulness between addicts to narcotic substances and normal individuals. In addition, this study examined for the mediation role of mindfulness in the causal relation between ADHD and addiction to narcotic substances. The studied sample consisted of 153 NA addicts and 103 matched normal controls. Data are collected using CAARSS:S and Mindfulness scale and are subjected to analysis by correlation coefficients, T-Test and mediation analysis. Significant reverse correlations are found between ADHD and its subscales with mindfulness. In addition, significant differences are observed in the mindfulness, ADHD and its subscales between the addicts and non-addict controls. Mediation analysis gave support to the significant role mediating of mindfulness in the causal relationship of ADHD on the narcotic substances addiction. According to the findings, it seems plausible to firstly; reconsider the role of ADHD in the adult’s narcotics addiction. Secondly, the role of mindfulness as an important factor is included in any therapeutic interventions in addictions to narcotics addictions.

Post-partum depression affects the mother's health, family relationships and child's training, negatively. Therefore, determining the related reasons, in especial in the women who have the first delivery and will experience the physical and mental changes of such event in their life is very important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the role of social support as well as the kind of child delivery in order to predict the post-partum depression in such group of women.
The statistical population of this correlational-descriptive study consists of all women in the nulliparous women who have been referred to the medical centers of Kerman during 2016. Among them, 205 were chosen by a cluster and convenience sampling methods. The measurement tools were including demographic features questionnaire, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), and social support questionnaire (MOS-SSS). Data were analyzed with SPSS software using logistic regression and T-test method.
In total, 102 individuals have degrees of postpartum depression and the rest of the patients were non-depressed.The results showed that the possibility of depression emergence in these women, after child delivery based on the decrease of factors such as emotional - informational support, emotional support and positive social interaction support were about 40.18, 10.1 and 5.55%, respectively. Also, the possibility of depression in this group after delivery regarding the kind of delivery was 27%. As well, the women who had caesarian delivery significantly were more depressed rather than whom had natural delivery (p Based on the results of this study, more attention should be paid to increase social support for women who will go into the first labor; and also the preventive treatments must be considered for women give birth a child by caesarian section.

Vaginal delivery is one of the challenging issues in medical ethics. It is important to use an appropriate instrument to assess medical ethics attitudes in normal delivery, but the lack of tool for this purpose is clear. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire for the assessment of women’s attitude on medical ethics application in normal vaginal delivery.Patients and This methodological study was carried out in Iran in 2013 - 2014. Medical ethics attitude in vaginal delivery questionnaire (MEAVDQ) was developed using the findings of a qualitative data obtained from a grounded theory research conducted on 20 women who had vaginal childbirth, in the first phase. Then, the validation criteria of this tool were tested by content and face validity in the second phase. Exploratory factor analysis was used for construct validity and reliability was also tested by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in the third phase of this study. SPSS version 13 was used in this study. The sample size for construct validity was 250 females who had normal vaginal childbirth. In the first phase of this study (tool development), by the use of four obtained categories and nine subcategories from grounded theory and literature review, three parts (98-items) of this tool were obtained (A, B and J). Part A explained the first principle of medical ethics, part B pointed to the second and third principles of medical ethics, and part J explained the fourth principle of medical ethics. After evaluating and confirming its face and content validity, 75 items remained in the questionnaire. In construct validity, by the employment of exploratory factor analysis, in parts A, B and J, 3, 7 and 3 factors were formed, respectively; and 62.8%, 64% and 51% of the total variances were explained by the obtained factors in parts A, B and J, respectively. The names of these factors in the three parts were achieved by consideration of the loading factor and medical ethics principles. The subscales of MEAVDQ showed significant reliability. In parts A, B and J, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.76, 0.72 and 0.68, respectively and for the total questionnaire, it was 0.72. The results of the test–retest were satisfactory for all the items (ICC = 0.60 - 0.95). The present study showed that the 59-item MEAVDQ was a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of women’s attitudes toward medical ethics application in vaginal childbirth. This tool might assist specialists in making a judgment and plan appropriate for women in vaginal delivery management.

There is a high prevalence of burnout in modern societies and it encompasses all aspects of life. Thus, this study investigated the effects of personality dimensions and attribution styles variables on the dependent variable of job burnout with the mediating role of resiliency in surgeons in Kerman, Iran. The target population consisted of 127 surgeons of whom 90 surgeons were selected through census random technique and were interviewed. Data collection tools included the NEO personality dimensions with 60 items, Seligman Adult Attributional Styles with 48 items, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale with 20 items, and Maslach Burnout Inventory with 26 items. Finding of path modeling showed that the conceptual model of the study had a suitable fit. Thus, optimistic attribution style had a significant direct positive effect on resiliency. In addition, pessimistic attribution style had a significant direct negative effect on resiliency. Resiliency had a significant direct positive effect on the frequency of personal inadequacy. Moreover, optimistic and pessimistic attribution styles had a significant indirect positive effect on the frequency of personal inadequacy through the mediating role of resiliency. Optimistic and pessimistic attribution styles were recognized as the most important variable predicting the frequency of personal inadequacy of surgeons through the variable of resiliency.