mohamad jafari

Considering the importance of Mosir as a medicinal-industrial plant, this research was conducted to investigate the different planting and harvesting methods’ effect on the plant’s quantitative and qualitative characteristics in the Lorestan province.

The experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized block design for three years (2017-2020) in the Aligudarz County. The methods of manual and machine planting, and planting distance of 10 and 15 cm were investigated. Additionlly, the economic performance of the different methods was evaluated.

The resulted demonstrated no significant difference in leaf width among the studied treatments, but displayed a significant difference in plant height at the level of 1%. The mean comparison showed that the wet and dry yield in different treatmenst had significant differences. The highest yield (847g/m2) was obtained in the second year with the machine method and the lowest yield (636g/m2) was obtained in the third year with manual planting. The dry matter yield was achieved at a planting distance of 10cm (185.633 g/m2) and a planting distance of 15cm (178.611g/m2) and the dry matter yield was obatiend in the machine planting method (199.91g/m2) and the manual planting method (164.33g/m2).The economic evaluation of the results indicated that the average costs are 19% lower in the machine cultivation method compared to the manual planting method.    

The overall results highlighted income increase and cost reduction in the planting and harvesting of Mosir with the machine method. Moreover, the mechanized planting and harvesting of Mosir was executed much faster compared to the manual planting and harvesting of this plant.

Leadership plays a vital role in the dynamics of the organization. The degree of success of the organization in reaching the predetermined goals, the amount of effort of the employees for the success of the organization and the effectiveness of the leader on the employees depends on the behaviors and leadership style. The development of organizational innovation and learning in order to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage and improve organizational performance requires the existence of suitable conditions and management styles, which are one of the effective factors in this field.

considering the importance of organizational performance based on leadership styles, this research aims to design a model for predicting organizational performance based on leadership styles and the mediating role of innovative culture and organizational learning.

The research method is inductive and qualitative. The statistical population consisted of experts and academic specialists who were selected as the sample size using the principle of saturation and the snowball sampling method. In order to collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. Data analysis was done using the qualitative data analysis method of Maxqda software.

Based on the findings of the research, the dimensions and components of leadership styles were identified in 8 categories, the dimensions and components of organizational innovative culture in 5 categories, and the dimensions and components of organizational learning in 7 categories. Based on the findings of this research, organizational performance can be developed and improved by using appropriate leadership style and implementing innovative culture and strengthening organizational learning.

According to the results of the research, it is suggested to use projects with high potential and based on meritocracy management and knowledge and expertise in sensitive and highly important categories in line with the development of suspended and forward-looking projects so that the performance of the organization through development Projects and the community's sense of need for these projects should be used to achieve the organization's goals.

The study aimed to investigate the decline of oak in relation to the woody species diversity, soil characteristics and physiographic factors in Bankol region of Ilam province. This study was carried out in two aspects of the northern and eastern slopes and in three altitude classes (1340-1440, 1440-1540 and > 1540 m above sea level) with circular sample plots of 1000 m2. In the sample plots, the diversity of wood species and the dieback percentage of oak were determined. Soil samples were taken from the depth of 0 to 30 cm. The effect of topographic factors on soil properties, species diversity and dieback rate was investigated using two-way analysis of variance and comparing the means of Duncan's multi-range test. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the relationship between diversity indices, soil characteristics and dieback intensity along the elevation classes in each aspect. The results showed that elevation and aspect have a significant effect on soil properties, woody species diversity and dieback intensity. Based on the results, the amount of organic matter was higher on the north aspect than on the east aspect. The highest amount of total nitrogen recorded in 1440-1540 m and > 1540 m on the northern aspect and the lowest amount was in 1340-1440 m in the eastern aspect. The amount of soil phosphorus was highest in the northern aspect and at 1440-1540 m. Shannon-Weiner and Simpson's diversity indices and the richness of woody species were higher in the northern aaspect and middle and high elevation classes than the low elevation class. The highest dieback intensity was observed at altitudes > 1540 m in both the northern (9.88%) and eastern (10.55%) aspects, and the lowest value was in the middle elevation on the northern and eastern aspects, and these situations should be prioritized for protection, restoration and silvicultural merasures related this phenomenon.

The issue of efficiency of religion is one of the most important current theological topics. Since this concept does not require complex philosophical and scientific grounds, it can easily engage the general public, and for this reason, it has been used by atheists like Richard Dawkins. Following the pragmatic approach to religion, Dawkins has discussed the relationship between religion and morality in some chapters of the The God Delusion, but not in the usual way, rather, he tries to deny religion by denying the moral efficacy of religion. It is not that simply Dawkins declares that ethics is separate from religion and that religion can enter other fields such as issues related to belief, rather he attempts to undermine the authenticity of religion through showing its inefficiency. In denying religious ethics, Dawkins presents his argument in two ways. First, he explains human ethics from a scientific and evolutionary point of view, and in the next stage, he criticizes religious ethics, and then, by proving human ethics and negating religious ethics, he concludes the negation of religion and God with a pragmatic approach. This article examines Dawkins' pragmatic approach with descriptive-analytical method, regardless of his scientific-evolutionary arguments which have been criticized in other articles. The following results have been achieved: 1. fallacy in his pragmatic approach, 2. imperfection of the human ethics claimed by him, and 3. criticizing his perspective toward religious ethics and presenting the rational-scriptural model of religious ethics.

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) with a positive oxygen balance (25.8%) is a metal free- energetic compound, which is used in military explosives and smokeless or green solid propellants. Combustion products of solid propellants based on ADN are clean and smokeless and they do not release hydrogen chloride gas, which can be an excellent alternative compound as an oxidizer in the solid propellant formulation. Therefore, it is essential to study the thermal decomposition of ADN in the presence of catalysts. In this study, the catalytic effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) with different morphologies including decorated-nanoparticles, sub-microrods, microrods, and nanorods on ADN, was investigated. Samples were mixed by both physical and solvent methods. Finally, the catalytic effect of ZnO with different morphologies was investigated on the thermal decomposition of ADN by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that adding ZnO reduces the decomposition temperature of ADN. Also, ADN decomposes explosively in one step and in a shorter time in the presence of some morphologies of ZnO. In general, in the mechanical method, Microrods and Sub-Microrods samples have more desirable catalytic effects.

 Toxicity of heavy metals and their accumulation in soil, plant and food chains is one of the main environmental and health problems of today's societies. In this regard, the impact of these metals on valuable medicinal plants and forages that enter into the food chain through human and animal consumption is of particular importance. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is one of the most valuable species which is important in the world due to the presence of important medicinal and nutritional compounds in its roots and rhizomes and has been considered by the pharmaceutical and food industries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of heavy metals of lead and cadmium on the absorption of high consumption nutrients and also the accumulation of these elements in the tissues of the lichen plant.

  This research was carried out in a completely randomized design with two treatments of lead and cadmium in 4 replicates and 6 concentrations in pot culture (a total of 48 pots). The treatments consisted of concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 (ppm) for cadmium and zero, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 (ppm) for lead. After preparing bedding and spraying a heavy metal salts solution of lead and cadmium with the above concentrations, rhizomes were cultivated in pots and placed in the greenhouse for 7 months under irrigation and care. Finally, samples of soil and plant (in two parts of the air and underground organs) were prepared and transferred to the laboratory for acid digestion and extraction of lead and cadmium. To assess the plant's ability, TF, BCF and BAC indices were also used to evaluate the accumulation capacity of these elements.

  The results of the comparison of the mean of lead and cadmium in the studied concentrations showed that increasing the concentration of these two elements in the soil did not have a significant effect on the amount of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and organic matter in the aerial and underground parts of this plant. While the increase in the concentration of cadmium in the soil has a significant reducing effect on the amount of this metal in the air and underground organs and the amount of nitrogen in the air. Also, the increase in lead concentration has a significant effect on the amount of this metal in the air and underground organs and the amount of phosphorus and nitrogen in the air.

 The results of the study on the accumulation and transfer of cadmium and lead in the lichen plant showed that the plant could play the role of stabilizing plant and extractive plant in these two heavy metals, respectively

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways of psychological empowerment, and its relationship with knowledge management of police personnel in Mazandaran province. This research was a descriptive study and the correlation method and the statistical population included all employees of the Disciplinary Command of Mazandaran Province in 1399. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, 373 people were selected by simple random sampling method. Library and field data collection methods and data measurement tools included the standard Spritz (1997) standardized psychological empowerment questionnaire, and Newman and Conrad (2000) knowledge management questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by experts and law enforcement elites of the province and by calculating Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of psychological empowerment questionnaires was equal to 0.95 and knowledge management was equal to 0.92, which showed that the questionnaires have a relatively high reliability. Data analysis method was statistical methods using SPSS software program. Findings showed that the focus of control, self-esteem, access to information and rewards are the factors of cognitive empowerment. The results also showed that there is a relationship between psychological empowerment and knowledge management of Mazandaran police command staff. Also, there was a relationship between the components of psychological empowerment and knowledge management of Mazandaran police command staff.

The economic growth gap between countries is one of the most important economic realities, and it is important to recognize the main causes. In this regard, the present study uses the statistical evidence of 91 countries over 2003-2007 and the analysis of the spatial theil index to estimate the components of the economic growth gap of countries. The results show that the share of neighborhood effects in determining the economic growth gap is more than the share of productivity difference. Also, the share of spatial effects in the growth difference of European countries and the share of productivity difference in the growth difference of Asian countries has been higher than other factors. In addition, the economic growth of European countries is convergent and Asian countries are divergent. According to the estimated model by GMM approach, industrialization is one of the main factors for the difference in economic growth of countries. Therefore, with the development of industry and increasing productivity, Iranian economy can be to converge to the top economies.

This article describes the advanced design of the car engine at IPCO. Product development models including model V, gateway and network are described first. In the following, in order to introducing engine production to readers, some of the literature and subsystems of the engine are briefly presented. There are also different levels of engine development programs, either low, medium, high, or completely new products. Depending on the level of development, the development of the engine takes 4 to 48 months. Members of the development team and components influencing engine development are also introduced. By these premises, a product development model from the beginning, the conceptual development phase, to mass production with its details is described. At the end, by combining V and Gateway models, the details of the IPCO product development model are outlined. In fact, the result of this article is to systematize the engine development process in Iran and the Iran Khodro complex. As such structure has not existed in Iran so far, IPCO, as a domestic innovative engineering company in the design and production of engines, has described the model used by researchers and industry leaders in field.

 Heavy metals are one of the most serious environmental problems that are spreading around the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soils by sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) under two natural remedies including municipal waste compost and biochar (each at three levels of 0, 1% and 2% by weight) done.

Design experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. After planting period, aerial and underground parts of plant have collected and some soil important characteristics and plant morphological properties and metals have measured. ICP-OES is used for heavy metals measurement. Statistical analysis of measured data for the analysis of variance in SPSS software and comparison of data from the test at least significant difference (LSD).

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the application of treatments used in this study in the concentrations of cadmium, lead, zinc, chromium and nickel of shoots and roots of sunflower and the amount of total cadmium and soil exchange. Urban waste and biochar compost treatments increase the uptake of heavy metals cadmium, lead, zinc and chromium into the soil by sunflower.

According to the results of the present study, it can be generally stated that the sunflower species based on the values ​​of TF, BCF and BAC indices can be used as a plant suitable for phytoremediation of contaminated soils in the region through the plant process. Introduce stabilization. According to the results of this study, sunflower can be used as an adsorbent of pollutants and is recommended in soils contaminated with heavy metals.

The need to adapt to the permanent changes that occur in the social, economical, technical and technological environments, has made that the continuous professional training in organizational space to be recognized as an investment in human resources, with multiple benefits for both the overall goals of the organization, and to increase personal satisfaction at work, too. Although the Romanian police system has registered multiple signs of progress in which concerns the process of professional training for its personnel, we believe that the didactic strategy of organization and conveyance for police force-oriented training programs can be improved. For this purpose, we strongly suggest the following: an identification of current conceptions for various hierarchical levels, an analysis of actual training needs of the personnel, setting up continual training programs that observe adult learning principles, setting up targets, contents, methods and means of training based on the specific features of a certain job and an application of specific criteria of assessment of the results.

In today's world, no factor like information technology cannot change organizations; Also, changing is the most important factor that organizations are facing and must prepare themselves to confront its effects. People with high motivation, along with the use of modern information technology tools, improve organizational learning. This study is a step to investigate the impact of information technology on organizational learning in the special unit staff of Mazandaran. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The special unit staff of Sari city are the statistical population. Two questionnaires are used to collect information, its validity is confirmed by experts and reliability of questionnaire is achieved by using Cronbach's alpha for all aspects of the standard questionnaire of more than 0.7, respectively Which indicates the appropriate reliability of the research tool. Structural equations and LISREL software is used for data analysis. Based on the results of the research, the main hypothesis and 5 sub-hypotheses are confirmed, that's mean there is a significant relationship between information technology and organizational learning variables (individual skills, mental models, common vision, team learning, systems thinking). As a result, with trainingthe special unit staff in the field of information technology and modification in the structure of businesses, by installing updated equipment and software can preparefield of improvement, organizational learning, accelerate the implementation of administrative processes and reduce the workload.

The major purpose of this study is studying the effective factors in the job training quality among the northern khorasan Police command staffs in 1394 (based on Iranian calendar). In this research 62 personnel of education deputy of Northern Khorasan Police command including educational personnel, lecturers, and teachers were selected. In this study, the aim of the study was practical and the method was survey. In order to collect the data a scheduled questionnaire form was used which is confirmed by a number of professors and experts for its validity. The questions 'reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (Total Cronbachs Alpha= 0.84). Results demonstrated that, human factor, management factor, and support factor affected the quality of the job training courses. Out of these factors, the human factor has a maximum impact and support factor has a minimum effect.