فهرست مطالب mohammad reza sanjabi

 The food and water contamination with heavy metals is increasing due to the environmental pollutions. Heavy metals are the elements with the density of more than 5 g/cm3 and have become a serious problem as a result of the urbanization and industrialization. These toxic metals pollute water, soil, plants, and eventually foodstuffs and our bodies. Several methods exist to remediate heavy metal pollution in waters such as membrane filtration, ion exchange mechanisms, or by precipitation. Yet, these techniques are not cost effective, in some cases, and do produce wastes that need to be properly disposed of. Microbial bioremediation could be an alternative. The use of microbes for remediation of heavy metals has been well studied. Some microorganisms, especially soil bacteria, have the ability to tolerate these contaminants. In addition, certain bacterial strains are capable of binding to heavy metals or transforming them into less toxic forms. Low operating costs, usable in foodstuffs, selective removal for specific toxic metals, minimal use of chemicals (resulting in low sludge production) and high efficiencies at very low levels of heavy metals are some of the advantages of biosorption methods. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of active and passive absorption of heavy metals by a number of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains in laboratory environment and food. 

 Seven LAB isolates including Lacticaseibacillus casei (RTCC 1296-3), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (RTCC 1293-2), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (RTCC 1290), Limosilactobacillus fermentum (RTCC 1303), Enterococcus faecium (RTCC 2347), Lactobacillus helveticus (RTCC 1304) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (RTCC 1299) were obtained from Razi type culture collection (RTCC), located at Razi vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Iran. All isolates were cultured in MRS (Scharlau, Spain) broth medium, at 37 °C for 24 hours, under anaerobic conditions. Pure cultures were preserved for long term by freezing at -70°C with 20% Glycerol. Heavy metals including Nitrate of Pb (II), Cd (II) and Ni (II) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All standard solutions were prepared from the stock solutions containing 1000 mgl-1 in distilled water. Other chemicals used in study including Nitric acid (65%) and Hydrogen peroxide (37%), were also purchased from Merck, Germany. This study was conducted in two in- vitro and in-vivo phases; in the in- vitro phase, seven strains of bacteria with probiotic properties (L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, Ent. facium, L. helveticus and L. acidofilous) were screened and then their ability to bind to cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in aqueous solution was investigated. Then, in the in-vivo stage, three probiotic strains that had the highest biosorption efficiency in the previously stage were selected and their effect with a ratio of 1:1:1 and contact time of 15 and 30 minutes on the removal of these toxic metals in coriander, leek and parsley fresh vegetables was evaluated. The residual concentrations of heavy metals in solution were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS; ELAN DRC-e, PerkinElmer SCIEX, Canada) and Morphology of bacteria cell surfaces incubated with metals were monitored by scanning electron microscopy (JEOL JSM 5400 LV, Japan). 

The results of the in vitro stage showed that the most ability to heavy metals adsorption was related to the Ent. Facium bacterium which were equal to 79.75±0.11, 75.28±0.05 and 83.99±0.10% for Pb, Cd and Ni, respectively.  In general, the removal efficiency of heavy metals by LAB bacteria in the inactive and killed state was significantly higher than the active removal efficiency of these bacteria, so that the highest percentage of passive absorption of lead, cadmium and nickel metals by inactive strains of L. casei, L. plantarum and Ent. Facium were 90.01, 81.98 and 86.56%, respectively. Electron microscopy observations and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed that the majority of these toxic metals significantly damage the surface of living cells by accumulating and binding on the surface of bacterial cells. A combination of three bacterial strains had a synergistic effect on the binding properties of toxic metals compared to the single state of these bacteria, so that in both active and inactive states, 90-99% of heavy metals from edible leafy vegetables were removed in less than 15 minutes. The results of this research generally showed that the binding capacity of dead biomass is significantly high and it is possible to dispose and reuse biomass in case of biological absorption.

Medical students’ specialty selection influences the composition of the physician workforce and the effectiveness of health systems. Therefore, the identification of factors that influence the choice of specialty is critical for an evidence-based health policy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the determinants of specialty choice among Iranian medical residents. In early 2022, this qualitative study was conducted among Iranian medical residents in seven provinces, including Tehran, Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Kerman, Kermanshah, and Khuzestan. The participants were selected using a purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using 74 semi-structured in-depth face-to-face interviews. Finally, a thematic content analysis (conventional content analysis) method was applied for data synthesis. The participant’s mean age was 28.7±2.5 years, and more than 52% (N=39) were men. Following data synthesis, 10 sub-themes and four main themes were identified, including educational aspects affected by the pandemic, career-related hazards, personal and professional lifestyles affected by the disease, and experiences and beliefs regarding the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on medical students’ educational, professional, and personal aspects of specialty choices. This study demonstrated how the disease affected the choice of specialty. Therefore, the findings could be used for developing national health policy and planning.

When the urban population around the capitals or big cities increases, then need an intensive and modern dairy industrial farms or even mega dairy farm to support milk and dairy products demands. Therefore, many family farms shifted to big dairy farms which expecting more specializing and modern technology to be used towards reduction of the cost of milk production per cow. Management of these farms also completely different from housing, reproduction, nutrition and other technical points-of-view. In order to investigate true productive life and milk production during the last 15 years (2006-2020 years), in 20 industrial Holstein mega dairy farms this study was done. All the farms had a specialist in the fields of hygienic condition, calf rearing, balancing the diet, heat and Pregnancy detection and planed mating program for semen selection and breeding to control the production and type performance and preventing the inbreeding which help to use maximum inbreeding coefficient, if required.

The correlation between the lengths of true productive life (TPL), maximum lifetime milk production (MLMP305), and maximum lifetime peak of milk production (MLPMP) in 20 industrial Holstein mega dairy farms were investigated. The information recorded in the herd management software in the cattle breeding units, which included the information of the culled cows and all the existed cows in the herds from April 1385 to January 1400, were analyzed. The data includes 176,674 cattle records, of which 43,587 are related to existing cattle and 133,087 data are related to culled ones. The information of the existing cows was done in order to control the information of the herds and also monitor them. Finally, 133,087 data related to existing cows were edited and filled in the computerize program. To calculate the standard milk of 305 days, it is necessary to milk the animals three times a day and the animals have at least 4 monthly records of milk and also that the dryness of these animals has been recorded as the end of the milking period. The Data has been analyzed by univariate method of SAS software (Version 9.4). The Holstein-Friesian cow herds, on average, comprised 2069 cows, with a range from a minimum of 400 to a maximum of 5301 cows. These herds were distributed across 14 provinces throughout Iran. The average age at first calving was 750 days, and the standard 305-day milk yield averaged 12,342 kg during the third lactation. TPL records from 113584 cows and MLMP305 records from 78036 and MLPMP records of 111276 cows were used. The data were analyzed for the correlation between the characteristics of the true productive life, milk production of 305 days and the peak of milk production Also, the linear regression between the true productive life and milk production were analyzed.

The average TPL of the animals under investigation is 33.57 months and the standard deviation of the data is 20.77. The average MLMP305 by these animals is 12472 kg and their standard deviation is 2513 kg. The average MLPMP of the animals was 51.83 kg. The highest correlation was between MLMP305 and MLPMP, which is 74.66%. The correlation between TPL and LPMP was 47.88% (P<0.0001) and the correlation between TPL and LMP305 was 33.27 % (P<0.0001). Our results are in accordance with studies such as Van Vleck, 1964, Hudson Van Vleck, 1981, and Ducrocq et al. 1988, but were in contrast with the results of Hare et al. 2006, and Ajili et al. 2007, and Dallago et al. 2022. The highest level of correlation (as expected) is between305-day milk production and the peak of milk production.

The positive correlation between TPL, MLMP305, and MLPMP, shows that the animals with higher peaks also have higher milk production in one lactation period also have a higher true productive life. Considering the high significant positive correlation of this report, by selecting animals with a high production life span, not only can the productive life span be improved in the future generations, but contrary to the existing belief, milk production can also be increased in the future generations. It should be mentioned that the conclusion of this paper is extendable, when we can control all physiological and nutritional factors and have a proper pregnancy detection method which lead to perfect calving management and results that has been done exactly in the farms which we studied.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) transmit genetic information to the next generation. For the successful transplantation of these cells, the culture medium of these cells must be optimized.

This study investigated the natural antioxidant of grape seed extract (GSE) in comparison to vitamin C in the culture medium of SSCs.

A Soxhlet extractor was used to prepare ethanolic and acetonic extracts, and the Clevenger apparatus was used to prepare aqueous extracts of grape seeds. Then, their antioxidant capacities were determined using the DPPH method. The SSCs were extracted from lamb testicular tissue by a two-step digestion method, and different concentrations of GSE and vitamin C were investigated for survival, colony formation, and expression of apoptotic-related genes.

The results showed that the acetonic extract in the concentration of 400 g/mL showed about 90% antioxidant properties based on the DPPH test; nevertheless, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts had only 50% of their antioxidant properties at this concentration. The acetonic extracts significantly decreased the viability of SSCs without any colony formation when used in a culture medium. The highest survival rate was obtained from the ethanolic extracts of grape seeds at the concentration of 50g/mL, and a significant difference was obtained with ethanolic extracts (100 to 1000 g/mL) (P < 0.05). The viability of SSCs treated with vitamin C (50 g/mL) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control and 5 - 25 g/mL of vitamin C groups.

Aqueous, ethanolic, and acetonic extracts of grape seeds should not be used in the culture of SSCs. However, the use of 25 - 50 g/mL of vitamin C is recommended in the culture of SSCs. 

 

Lactic cheese is a highly consumed dairy product that is of great nutritional values. However, great concerns are reported regarding their safety, microbial quality and short shelf life. Addition of antimicrobial compound - producing lactic acid bacteria as protective cultures is known to improve safety and ensure quality of food products. The current study was carried out to assess antibacterial and several technological characteristics of autochthonous Lactic acid bacterial isolates for their use in goat milk lactic cheese to control Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes.

Antibacterial and other technological characteristics, including proteolytic activity, diacetyl production, autolytic activity and survival, in various NaCl concentrations and at suboptimal temperatures of several Lactic acid bacteria solates were assessed. The potent isolates were identified to species level by phenotypic and genotypic methods (16 srRNA gene sequencing) and finally th ey were assessed for their ability to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in prepared goat milk lactic cheese.

Lactic acid bacterial isolates, showing significant antibacterial action, proteolytic activity and diacetyl production, were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RTCC 1290 - 1, Lactobacillus acidophilus RTCC 1299 and Lacticaseibacillus casei RTCC 1296 - 1. These isolates survived at 25 and 45 ºC, tolerated up to 8% NaCl and 55 ºC for 10 min ( p ≤0.01). Lactobacillus acidophilus demonstrated the highest autolytic activity (38.69%) followed by Lacticaseibacillus casei (28.44%) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (18.38%), respectively. Cocultures of the selected lactic acid bacterial isolates in goat milk lactic cheese resulted in a 5 log CFU g - 1 decrease in Listeria monocytogenes , while, Staphylococcus aureus counts decreased by only 3 Log CFU g - 1 ( p ≤ 0.05) during a month of storage at room temperatures. However, lactic acid bacterial counts increased 2 – 4 Log CFU g - 1 from Day 15, which was reported stable up to Day 30. In conclusions, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus bears promising biopreservative effect for the control of foodborne pathogens.

Accurate estimation of genetic variance components is essential for the correct prediction of breeding values. The discovery of SNP markers and advances in molecular genetics and the discovery of new methods for sequencing the entire genome of living organisms and the development of bioinformatics methods and computer science, etc. have provided a great deal of molecular data and created a branch of genetics called genomics. This study aimed to estimate the genomic variance components of Border sheep using SNP data.

For this study, the SNP panel, which was genotyped with a 50k marker chip from Illumina, was used. Data were collected at Falkiner Farm in Australia. The studied traits were birth and weaning weights, diameter, and length of wool yarn. To study the relationship between allelic frequency and the amount of justified genetic variance justified, SNPs were classified into five different groups of rare allelic frequency (MAF), with approximately equal numbers in each group. The analyses were performed with the approach of limited genomic maximum likelihood and the method of analysis of complex genome traits with GCTA software.

Genomic heritability estimated by SNPs with a rare allelic frequency of more than one percent for birth weights, weaning, diameter, and length of wool were 0.58, 0.47, 0.59, and 0.2, respectively. The contribution of different groups of SNPs with rare allelic frequencies in justifying genetic variance for different traits was different and in general a significant part of genetic variance was justified by SNPs with

Although the number of SNPs was different in different groups, the amount of genetic variance justified by different MAF groups was different. According to the results, a very large, ideal sample size and better coverage of low-frequency variants are needed to obtain a stronger and more reliable inference.

The purpose of current study was to investigate the synergistic effects of indigenous probiotic strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract with herbal extracts on gastrointestinal mucosa health (intestinal microflora) and immunity of broiler chicks. In current study, the effect of two types of probiotics (Iranian and foreign products respectively), phytobiotic (thyme extract), profit (a mixture of thyme extract and probiotic) and antibiotics on broiler chicken’s performance were evaluated. Experimental diets provided from day one to end of the period. Statistical analysis results show that adding profits and both probiotics to the diet of chicks leads to a significant decrease in feed intake compared to the control and antibiotic treatment (p≤0.05). All supplements increased the relative weight of lymphatic tissues of the spleen and bursa. Probiotics and prophylaxis treatments had a significant higher weight gain than phytobiotic (Thyme) treatment (p≤0.05). Experimental treatments compared to control treatment significantly improved FCR (p≤ 0.05). Dietary additives can improve the immune system and adding them to broiler chicks diet lead to improving performance and in the future can be introduced as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry feeding.

Due to the importance of conservation and preserving indigenous breeds, Baluchi sheep as the most populous breed of Iranian sheep with reliable pedigree was selected. In this study genetic variations were analyzed with 15 microsatellites markers (BM737, BM1815, BMS332, BMS995, BMS2721, KD101, LSCV36, LSCV38, McM63, McM139, McM214, McMA1, McMA10, OarVH110, TGLA231) in a population of Baluchi sheep. Whole blood samples were randomly collected from 140 sheep at Abbas Abad Breeding Station (Mashhad). After PCR reactions, McM139 locus wasn't amplified and LSCV38 locus was ignored for many null Alleles. Thirteen microsatellites loci were %100 polymorphic. Number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (PIC) and Shannon index were calculated. Highest and lowest allele numbers was observed in OarVH110 locus with 12 alleles and 6 alleles in BM737, BMS332, McMA10, respectively. Effective number of allele was between 3.51 (LSCV36) to 8.66 (OarVH110). The highest and the lowest heterozygosity belonged to 0.89 (OarVH110) and 0.71 (LSCV36), respectively. OarVH110 locus indicated the highest PIC (0.873) and LSCV36 locus indicated the lowest PIC (0.669). The highest and lowest Shannon index were belonged to 2.21 (OarVH110) and 0.66 (LSCV36), respectively. These results verify high efficiency of microsatellites marker for screening of population's structure in Iranian native sheep and in future study for QTL mapping. So, presence of new alleles and allele range indicates difference between Baluchi sheep population structure with foreign Sheep breeds.

One way to increase the protein content of the soldiers' diet is to increase the protein content of red meat. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of vinasse in the feed of Holstein male calf and its effect on carcass meat quality.

Twenty-eight Holstein male calves were divided into four groups and were fed on the one of the experimental diets that were similar in energy and protein content over a period of 110 days. The diets differed in composition (Vinas + molasses) and silage with different ratios of Vinas instead of cottonseed meal, with four diets including no Vinase (control), 5%, 10% and 15% Vinas, respectively. At the end, the amount of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid was measured as well as sampling from the locations of 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs to determine the chemical composition.

Between Vinas15% group and other groups, there was a significant difference in rumen ammonia nitrogen level at the end of the experimental period (p<0.05). Calves fed the control diet and the diet containing 10% of Vienna had the highest and the lowest fat thickness on the 12th rib, respectively. Mean protein to fat ratio increased with increasing Vinase level (p<0.05). Also, the mean moisture content and crude protein content of rib bones increased significantly with increasing Vinase level in the diet.

The results of the study showed that adding the vinase in the Holstein calf feed can increase the protein content to 16%, while reducing the fat content to 5%. Accordingly, it is possible to increase the protein content of the military’s ration by adding Viennas to the rations.

Prolactin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and plays an important role in the mammary gland development, differentiation and lactation. The aim of current study was to evaluate prolactin receptor gene polymorphisms in the Shal breed and Shal×Romanov crossbreeds. For this purpose, after blood sampling of animals and extraction of DNA using phenol chloroform method, two fragments of 176 and 215 base pairs from intron 1 of prolactin receptor gene were amplified using PCR reaction. Then PCR products were analysed by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Results showed that AB and AC genotypes were identified in 176 base pairs fragment of prolactin receptor gene (PRLP1) in Shal breed. The frequencies of these genotypes were 0.92 and 0.08, respectively; and the frequencies of A, B and C alleles were 0.5, 0.46 and 0.04, respectively. Also, in the position of PRLR1 of this gene in Shal×Romanov crossbreeds, the frequencies of AB and AC genotypes were 0.94 and 0.06, respectively; and the frequencies of A, B and C alleles were 0.50, 0.46 and 0.04, respectively. A polymorphism study in the 215 bp fragment of the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR2) in the Shal and Shal×Romanov crossbreeds showed only AA genotype. Results of this study showed that PRLP1 position in Shal breed and Shal×Romanov crossbreeds was polymorphic, however the PRLP2 position in the studied samples was monomorphic.

The goal of this paper was to study the effect of ginger extracts and vitamin E on the performance of ovine Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs). For this purpose, different concentrations of hydro and hydroethanolic extracts of ginger and vitamin E on viability, colony formation and expression of inhibiting (bcl2ll and bcl2)and inducing (bax) apoptosisgenes were studied. Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) were extracted from lamb testes with slaughterhouse origin using two steps enzymatic digestion method and enrichment by differential plating method. The characterization of SSCs was carried by alkaline phosphatase staining and expression of c-kit and oct-4 genes. Results have shown that the viability of SSCs was decreased significantly by using more than 800 µg/mL of hydroethanolic extract of ginger, in comparision with control group (P

Introduction A simple and efficient method for producing multi-transgenic animals is required for medical and veterinary applications. The principal technique for the production of transgenic animals is pronuclear microinjection, which has a low efficiency for the generation of transgenic farm animals expressing a single transgene. Recently, nuclear transfer has been used to clone large animals, and could allow multiple genetic manipulations to be undertaken in vitro, prior to a single nuclear transfer, rather than complex and time consuming breeding programs. However, at present the frequency of success in cloning large animals is very low and is very expensive. The production of transgenic livestock by sperm mediated gene transfer (SMGT) has a number of advantages compared to other transgenic techniques such as nuclear transfer and microinjection. Both nuclear transfer and microinjection techniques are technically demanding and labor intensive. In contrast, SMGT requires no sophisticated equipment or technical expertise. Furthermore, bovine genetics are distributed through sperm in the dairy industry consequently making it easy to distribute genetically modified sperm. SMGT is based on the ability of sperm to bind to exogenous DNA molecules and transfer it to the oocyte during fertilization. The major benefits of the SMGT technique were found to be its high efficiency, low cost and ease of use compared to other methods. SMGT was first described in a small animal model, with high efficiency reported in the mouse. Recently the technique has been successfully adapted and optimized for use in large animals. Studies have shown that spermatozoa from numerous species, including bovine, can bind and take up foreign DNA and transfer it to the embryo. In bovine studies, the efficiency of SMGT can vary widely depending on both the transgene and the gene transfer method. Liposomes have been shown to be particularly effective in transferring DNA into bovine sperm. However, not all embryos derived from transfected sperm contain the transgene, suggesting that mechanisms exist, which impede SMGT. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of gene transfer to bull spermatozoa by using lipofection.
Materials and Methods Ram testes collected from Meysam abattoir slaughterhouse immediately after slaughter and were brought to the laboratory in an ice chest. In the laboratory, the testes were rinsed twice with normal saline and were then trimmed to remove the extra testicular tissue and washed properly with saline containing 0.1% streptomycin sulphate. Connective tissue covering the cauda epididymis was removed by careful dissection, with care to avoid rupturing blood vessels or the epididymal duct. For detection of transfected spermatozoa, they stained with Rodamine. In order to transfection of sperm, 2 μg of Rodamine labeld DNA and 0.5 μl of TurboFect were diluted in 25 μl of transfection medium separately, and incubated for 5 min at room temperature. Then, the diluted DNA was added to diluted TurboFect (total volume=50 μl) and incubated for 20 min at room temperature. 1×106 sperm were added to 50 μl of DNA- TurboFect complexes and mixed gently by rocking the plate back and forth. To evaluation of transfected spermatozoa motility, acridine orange staining was used. Each experiment was replicated at least three times, and for each replicate, at least 50 ES cell colonies were used. Data were analysed with a statistical software program (SPSS 16). Comparisons between two treatments and multiple numeric datasets were performed using t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan multiple-range test, respectively. Results are expressed as mean±SEM and statistical significance was accepted at P0.05). The comparison of transfected and normal spermatozoa reveal that, motility of transfected spermatozoa at 60 minutes after transfection was significantly lower than normal ones (p

Herbal extracts have recently received the greatest attention in the path of finding naturally occurring chemicals with antibacterial and therapeutic value; however, each type of herbal remedy may have its own side effects..
The aim of the current experiment was to study the antibacterial effect of myrtle, parsley, mint, henna and chamomile extracts on Escherichia coli and their effects on colony formation and survival of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs)..
Spermatogonial stem cells were isolated by two-time enzymatic digestion from slaughterhouse origin ovine testis and plant extraction by deionized water. Comparisons between different treatments were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range tests..
The results showed that there was no significant difference between mint, henna and penicillin, on inhibition of Escherichia coli growth, however parsley, myrtle and chamomile were significantly different from penicillin (P The results of these experiments provide evidence that henna by antibacterial activity had no detrimental affect on SSC and Sertoli cells and is a good candidate for substitution of antibiotics..

The objective of this descriptive- survey research was to analysis challenges of commercialization of agricultural research in Iranian agricultural colleges. The statistical population of the study consisted of faculty members of Iranian agricultural colleges (N= 1837) out of which 150 faculty members determined as sample using Cochran Formula and multi steps sampling technique. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and the data were collected by a questionnaire developed for the study and were analyzed by SPSS software. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach Alpha coefficients were calculated (0.83 to 0.92). The result indicated that in relation to prioritizing challenges of commercialization as perceived by faculty members, educational and infrastructural- supportive were in the highest ranks. Also, the result of exploratory factor analysis showed that challenges of commercialization of research in agricultural colleges were to be formed in seven distinctive factors including: infrastructural- supportive, educational, communicational, technical, organizational, financial and policy factors that these factors determined about 57.40 percent of variance.

Insurance is a way of risk management in cattle production units. The purpose of this descriptive-correlation research was to determine the factors influencing the rate of insurance adoption by traditional farmers. The population of this study consisted of traditional farms in Isfahan province. A sample of 130 members was selected by using stratified random sampling method. Based on the findings، disease is the important peril in cattle production. Danger coefficient، the ratio of insurance payment to receiving compensation in Isfahan province was 1. 09 which is the moderate compared with other provinces. In general، cattlemen have positive attitude toward insurance. However، 26% of them had very low adoption rate. Attitude toward insurance، satisfaction with insurance procedures، animal hygiene and nutrition، and herd size were the most important factors influencing the adoption rate of insurance among cattlemen. Hence، in order to increase the rate of insurance adoption، attention to these factors is recommended.