mohammadali zadeh

New technologies in determining the gender of eggs will greatly help to end the extermination of male chickens, which will save a lot in the poultry industry. These technologies are so valuable and important that many companies and research centers are willing to make large investments to progress in this field. Today, two invasive and non-invasive methods are used to determine the gender of the egg. Invasive diagnostic methods often lead to a decrease in the viability of samples, while non-invasive methods with high accuracy and viability of samples have created a great development capability among researchers. In other words, invasive diagnostic methods determine the gender of the embryos inside the egg with a high percentage, but it can endanger the continuation of the hatching process and jeopardize food safety. However, the use of non-invasive methods in line with industrial use has priority due to the fact that there is no danger to the chick embryo in the process of sex determination. In this review study, while examining the importance of gender determination during hatching for the poultry industry, an attempt has been made to examine and compare all the new technologies used to determine gender in the egg-laying and hatching stages and compare its advantages and disadvantages.

Women’s status is one of the key indicators of development in any country. Despite comprising half of the global population, women account for only one-tenth of the world’s income and hold just one-hundredth of its assets. Tourism is a powerful tool for empowering women across economic, educational, and political dimensions. Given its significance, this study aims to explore the role of women’s empowerment in the sustainable development of tourism. The research focuses on female activists in the tourism industry of Ardabil province. Data were analyzed using PLS software. The findings reveal that empowering women in psychological, political, and social dimensions plays a crucial role in enhancing women’s participation in sustainable tourism development. Additionally, the study shows that these empowerment factors influence the dependent variable (sustainable tourism development) through the mediating variable of participation in tourism.

The majority of the body’s organs are impacted by ambient air pollution (AAP), which is currently a serious environmental global health issue. The objective of this work was to assess the impact of ozone (O3 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), and AAP on oxidative stress (OS) and lipid profile indicators in male Wistar rats. To this end, these rats were exposed for three hours each day for five weeks in control, AAP, O3 (0.6 ppm), and SO2 (10 ppm) groups (each containing 8 animals). Several parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured on blood samples. AAP exposure on TAC (P=0.014) and SOD (P=0.05), MDA (P=0.018), and HDL (P=0.003), O3 exposure on TAC (P<0.001), and SO2 exposure on blood serum TAC (P=0.006) all had statistically significant effects. Based on the results, exposure to SO2 and AAP did not significantly alter the lipid profile (P>0.05). According to our research, exposure to O3 , SO2 , and AAP can increase overall antioxidant capacity by stimulating blood serum oxidative defense enzymes. Except for the enhanced effect of O3 exposure on serum HDL, AAP, SO2 , and O3 exposures had no discernible effects on the lipid profile.

Ecotourism is an activity that takes place in natural and pristine destinations and one of its important goals is to gain knowledge about natural life, enjoy local cultures, and of course preserve the quality of natural environments. This area has gained some importance and due to its role in sustainable development, the United Nations named 2002 as the year of ecotourism. One of the ecotourism destinations of Khalkhal county is Andabil resort. This resort is one of the pristine and scenic areas of this city, which is located near Khalkhal. This resort has trees such as oaks and has been attracting the attention of local people and tourists since the early 80s with the road construction done by the relevant bodies. From the point of view of tourists, effective key components play a role in ecotourism destinations, among which we can mention the perceived value, appropriate experience, attachment to the destination and memory of the destination. In consumer behavior, loyalty is considered the concept of commitment to a specific product. Therefore, it can be said that in the field of tourism, tourist loyalty to a destination means the tourist's commitment to a specific destination. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to explain the role of these factors in the loyalty of tourists to this ecotourism destination.

This article is a descriptive-analytical article that is included in applied research. This research, from the point of view of philosophy, is among positivist research. The research strategy is survey research and the research method is quantitative. The statistical population is tourists who have visited Andabil resort. 300 questionnaires were completed electronically. The research questionnaire includes various items, including perceived value (3 questions), experience (4 questions), destination attachment (4 questions), destination loyalty (3 questions) and destination memory (3 questions). The tool used for data analysis is Smart-PLS structural equation software. Andabil resort, which is known as Mir Adel Balaghi among local people, is located in the east of Khalkhal city. Its distance from Khalkhal center is five kilometers. This resort is surrounded by different Talash mountains and therefore has given it a special visual appeal. It has given historical and cultural value due to the existence of some historical monuments such as the foundation of the castle and the fire temple (Jafarnejhad, 2016: 140). This area is popular with many tourists in spring and summer. Local people use it as a natural ski resort in winter and in case of favorable snowfall.

The results show that the questionnaire questions have factor loadings with high scores. Another result presented in this table is reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used to evaluate the reliability, because the values of these two indicators are greater than 0.7, and therefore the reliability of the research tool is confirmed. The average variance extracted was used to check the convergent validity and because the results are greater than 0.5, therefore the convergent validity is confirmed. This study used Forner and Larcker's ratio to check divergent validity. Divergent validity is also used to ensure the absence of collinearity issues. In this method, it is necessary that the values on the main diameter of the matrix are greater than all the values in its corresponding column, and the results of the research show that such an issue has been achieved in the current research. According to the results, the divergent validity has been confirmed and the structures have the feature of non-collinearity. According to the results obtained in the field of research hypotheses, the results have been obtained as follows. The perceived value and its effect on the memory of the destination were confirmed so that its path coefficient is 0.562 and its significance is 6.45. On the other hand, the hypothesis of the effect of perceived value on destination attachment was rejected with a path coefficient of 0.071 and a significance of 0.636. The hypothesis of the effect of experience on attachment to the destination was confirmed because the value of the path coefficient is 0.699 and the significance is 7.10. Two other hypotheses of the research, i.e., the effect of attachment to the destination on loyalty and the hypothesis of memory of the destination on loyalty, respectively, were confirmed with different coefficients. According to the results of the research, the coefficient of determination or (R2) which determines the degree of predicting the changes of the dependent variable by means of the independent variable(s); It can be seen that the coefficient of memory of the destination is 0.315%, attachment to the destination is 0.568 and loyalty is 0.658. Except for the memory of the destination, which has obtained an average coefficient, two other dependent variables have a high predictive power. Finally, the Q2 values, which represent an evaluation criterion for the cross-validity prediction relationship of the PLS path model. In fact, this criterion shows the quality of the prediction of the dependent variables; Based on the results, the value of Q2 for the memory of the destination is 0.230, which is the lowest value among the dependent variables. Also, attachment to the destination with a coefficient of 0.369 and loyalty with a coefficient of 0.405 obtained a higher coefficient than the memory of the destination.

The results of this research show that there is no significant relationship between the perceived value and attachment to the destination, which is inconsistent with the results of some researches such as the research of Ahn and Kwon (2020) and Faridi Foshtomi et al. (2019). In their research, these two researchers concluded that the perceived value of green hotels had a positive effect on repeat visits. In explaining this issue, it should be mentioned that unfortunately, because this area is pristine and natural, not many services are provided by the local people, even the previous investments in this area have damaged the visual quality of this resort. The interesting thing is that there is not even a toilet and basic services in this resort. The results of this research showed that the tourist experience has a positive and significant effect on attachment to the destination, which is in line with Cifci's research (2021). In this regard, it should be said that the tourist experience in this area is the result of the high quality of this resort. So that according to field studies, many tourists who traveled to this region from hot and dry regions have mentioned this region with surprise. The presence of fog has been interesting and surprising for the tourists who traveled to this region from the scorching heat of the southern regions.

Tourism is referred to as an accelerator for national and regional development because the local community benefits from the various benefits of tourism. On the other hand, tourism, along with economic effects and consequences, causes the social, cultural and environmental conditions of local communities to undergo major changes. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the individual and social capabilities of the beneficiaries and use them to influence the process of sustainable development of tourism. The role of women in environmental and economic changes is weak due to reasons such as lack of equal educational opportunities, lack of sufficient self-confidence, and their lack of recognition in economic activities. Therefore, the United Nations has set a series of smaller goals, one of which is the effective participation of women in society and their presence in political, economic and public decision-making, in order to achieve its goals in the field of women's empowerment.Khalkhal city is one of the cities of Ardabil province. The suburban area of this city is attracting the attention of tourists. An important question raised in this research is, what is the state of these two peri-urban areas in different aspects of tourism empowerment?

The research questionnaire includes questions related to the perception of women's work in tourism (6 questions), women's entrepreneurship (3 questions), psychological empowerment (4 questions), social empowerment (3 questions) and the scale used to measure five-point Likert questions. 1 strongly disagree - 5 strongly agree). Smart-PLS software and confirmatory factor analysis method were used to analyze the data collected from the questionnaire and the structural model test.

The results of this research showed that the positive perception of women's work in tourism has the greatest positive effect on psychological empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.968 and significance: 34.701), social empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.889). and significance t: 31.635), economic empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.823 and significance t: 25.701) and finally political empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.768 and significance t: 13.701).In addition, the results showed that women's entrepreneurship has the greatest positive effect on psychological empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.896 and significance t: 36.968), economic empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.789 and significance t: 29.765), social empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.703 and significance t: 18.369) and political empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.646 and significance t: 9.785).Also, psychological empowerment has a strong positive effect on the development of tourism in the Khalkhal destination (path coefficient (β): 0.968 and significance rit: 45.831) (Hypothesis 3.4 is confirmed). Then, in order, social empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.912 and significance t: 39.168), social empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.865 and significance rit: 26.147) and political empowerment (path coefficient (β): 0.809) and significant (it: 19.348) have a positive effect on the development of tourism.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the perception of women's work in tourism and women's entrepreneurship. Specifically, in these two villages of Pirashehri, the perception of women's work in tourism has become very different compared to the past, and one of the reasons for this is that after the intensification of international sanctions and the emergence of some economic problems for households, cultural sensitivities for Women's work has decreased. So that in the field studies, it was found that most tourism and tourism-related businesses in this region rely on women in a special way.Also, the results of this research show that women's activity in tourism leads to the empowerment of women socially, politically, economically, psychologically. For example, tourism by creating jobs and entrepreneurship opportunities for women. In the two studied regions, tourism has created jobs for women. In Khojin region, it is common to rent suiyet and sell dairy products to tourists, but in Andabil village, renting a villa and suiyet is more common, and women have different roles in each of them.Also, economic empowerment gives a sense of pride towards local traditions and culture. For example, the people of Khojin and Andabil villages are proud of their history and many of them wrote various books and articles about their region. For example, we can refer to the books of Andabil: The memory of my land, the book of Andabil Castle, the book of Andabil Khalkhal's traditional short stories and stories, the book of Khojin and the Great Khojin scholars: the historical, geographical, cultural, social and economic situation of Khojin Khalkhal.

Losing a limb can negatively impact balance and gait, leading to reduced quality of life. This study aimed to examine correlations between spatiotemporal gait and balance with scores of the Quality of Life questionnaire. 30 veterans with unilateral below-knee amputations underwent gait analysis to measure step length, stride length, stance time, cadence, velocity, and walking symmetry index by step length. Static balance was assessed via the center of pressure path length by Wii Balance Board during standing. The Timed Up and Go test evaluated dynamic balance. The QoL scores were recorded using the Quality of Life questionnaire for amputees, Trinity Amputation, and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between spatiotemporal of gait, balance scores, and TAPES domain outcomes. Stride length (r=0.660), prosthetic step length (r=0.648) and intact step length (r=0.618) showed significant moderate positive correlations with psychosocial adjustment, while amputation limb stance time (r=-0.409) correlated weakly. Activity limitations negatively correlated with step/stride lengths (r range -0.781 to -0.784) and cadence (r=-0.538). Moreover, prosthesis satisfaction was associated with improved walking symmetry (r=0.445) and prosthetic stance time (r=0.388). Optimizing gait and balance in below-knee amputation can improve quality of life. Biomechanical factors should be targeted in rehab programs to enhance well-being.

The development of electric vehicles in the transportation sector requires the establishment of charging infrastructures such as fast charging stations. Besides, in order to reduce the pollutants caused by fossil fuel power plants, renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems should be integrated with fast charging stations. In this article, a mixed-integer linear programming model is presented to determine the capacity of RESs and battery energy storage system in a charging station, considering two objective functions including the minimization of economic costs and emissions. The proposed model considers the possibility of using wind and solar resources and four types of battery technology including lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion, and sodium-sulfur. Regarding the two contradictory objectives in the proposed model, the epsilon constraint method has been employed to obtain the Pareto front for optimal solutions. Then, the fuzzy satisfying method has been used to determine the final solution. The results of the proposed model have been examined in four different planning horizons. The results show that with the increase in the importance of the objective function of reducing emissions, the installed capacity of renewable resources increases..

With urbanization and industrialization, air pollution is one of the known health hazards and a severe problem in human societies. This study assessed the relationship of SO2, O3, and ambient air pollution on hematologic factors, serum iron, and TIBC in a rat model. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into the four study groups (n = 8 in each) as follows: The control, SO2 group exposed to 10 ppm, ozone group (O3) exposed to 0.6 ± 0.1 ppm, and ambient air pollution (AAP) group for five weeks (3 h/day). One-way analysis of variance was used to With urbanization and industrialization, air pollution is one of the known health hazards and a severe problem in human societies. This study assessed the relationship of SO2, O3, and ambient air pollution on hematologic factors, serum iron, and TIBC in a rat model. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into the four study groups (n = 8 in each) as follows: The control, SO2 group exposed to 10 ppm, ozone group (O3) exposed to 0.6 ± 0.1 ppm, and ambient air pollution (AAP) group for five weeks (3 h day-1). One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to compare parameters. Significant changes in RBC (P=0.026), hemoglobin concentration (P=0.029), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P=0.011), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P<0.001), monocytes (P=0.002), and basophils (P=0.022) were observed between control and AAP groups. The other parameters showed an insignificant difference for these two groups' comparison. In the of leucocytes’ differential counts, only basophils and monocytes were statistically high in the AAP group compared to the control group (P=0.002 and P=0.022, respectively). In terms of serum iron, the differences between the control and SO2 groups (P =0.008), or between the groups of O3 and APP (p=0.028) were statistically significant. The observed hematological and biochemical changes indicated the toxic effects of ambient air particles. Further epidemiological studies are necessary to investigate the impact of other air pollutants like NO2, NO, and CO on hematological and biochemical parameters.

Movies and TV series play an important role in attracting tourists to tourist destinations. Kazaj village in Khalkhal city hosted the filming of a part of a TV series in 2017. People and other stakeholders of tourism have different opinions about the effects of this film on village tourism. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to identify the set of effective factors in the effects of this film on tourism and to present related intellectual and mental models in this field. For this purpose, using library and field methods, the necessary data were collected from 15 experts, including the owners of ecotourism residences in the village, the villager, the owner of the filming location and some rural people familiar with this film, and through the Q analytical model and exploratory factor analysis was analyzed. The final results show that the effects of this film on village tourism, although it has had few effects in the field of promotion and introduction of the village, but the dimensions of the effects are very limited and small, and the level of attractiveness of the film and its location is low. Also, there are different mental models of film tourism in the village, the point of view of the promoters and encouragers to continue making such films, in contrast to the groups that do not consider such films beneficial in the village. It has created two or more different thought patterns related to film tourism.

In recent years, consumers in addition to considering the nutritional characteristics that are normally a desired food, also pay special attention to the health characteristics of the product. In this study, the effect of 5 variables including inulin, storage time, type of fruit (apple, cherry), type of microbe (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei) and type of coating (encapsulated and free) on the quality control of total count were discussed. Analysis of variance of data at 5% level showed that in all graphs, independent variables had significant effects (p) on the dependent variable in this study. The results showed that by considering inulin, the amount of microorganisms increases and in the presence or absence of fruit type, there are no significant changes in the overall count, but fruit type can affect the number of microorganisms. The number of Lactobacillus acidophilus was observed in the environment more than Lactobacillus casei. By considering the type of fruit and increasing the fermentation time, we have a decrease in microorganisms, which is related to the pH of the environment of these fruits. With increasing storage time and considering encapsulation in the early stages, it is less than non-encapsulated microorganisms and the difference between them is significant. Considering the type of fruit, the total count in Lactobacillus casei is more than Lactobacillus acidophilus because in the early stages, the growth of Lactobacillus casei, which has a more balanced pH growth than acidophilus, decreases over time as the pH decreases.

The main purpose of present study is to investigate the relationship between macroeconomic variables and tax evasion using nonlinear approaches. . First of all, it was used Markov Switching Vector Autoregression method, statistics and information from 1969 to 2019 to find Kuznets’s hypothesis and nonlinear relationship between macro-economic variables and tax evasion, annually. Then, after confirming the existence of a nonlinear relationship, the Threshold Vector Autoregression was also used for further investigation. According to the results of the markov-switching, the existence of the Kuznets's law between per capita GDP and tax evasion is confirmed. Therefore, in order to reduce tax evasion, it is necessary to reduce the share of oil in GDP and increase the share of productivity in production. For variables of direct burden tax, public education expenditure, Government expenditure omitting education expenditure, Gini coefficient and currency outside the bank, Kuznets law is rejected. However, the existence of a nonlinear relationship is confirmed. Also, tax evasion, GDP per capita, direct tax burden and currency outside the bank was used for Threshold Vector Autoregression model. Tax evasion was selected as threshold variable and The threshold value of the tax evasion was specified 21906/1 Milliard Rials.The results of the Threshold Vector Autoregression model show that the impulses of per capita GDP and currency outside the bank have the greatest effect on increasing tax evasion. The results of the Threshold Vector Autoregression model show that the impulses of per capita GDP and currency outside the bank have the greatest effect on increasing tax evasion.

Global energy consumption, particularly in the residential areas, has increased rapidly in the past decades. With increasing concerns about the energy crisis and environmental pollution issues, achievements have been made in the field of multi-carrier energy system planning. Therefore, in this article, a mixed integer linear model was proposed for planning the simultaneous development of electrical and gas networks. The goal of the problem was to minimize the set of investment costs, operation and the cost of curtailed electrical and thermal loads in the planning time horizon. Investment options included constructing electric lines, wind turbines, CHP units, P2G units, and gas furnaces. The operating costs consisted of the maintenance costs of electric lines, the maintenance costs of wind turbines, and the costs of purchasing electricity and gas from the upstream network. Network investment and exploitation strategies were determined by considering the system's reliability in the output of CHPs. The proposed model was implemented and analyzed on 33-bus electrical and 20-node gas interconnected networks. The analysis of the results showed that considering the possibility of CHP unit outage will increase the total costs of the network.

 In recent years, the issue of smuggling goods and strategies to combat it has been one of the most important economic challenges in the country's main economic plan and has been on the agenda of governments. Due to the complexity and nature of the crime of smuggling of goods and the existence of some problems in the process of investigation and its discovery, especially in access to documents and documents, the process of detecting the crime of smuggling of goods is very important and prominent.

 The research is descriptive-correlational in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the employees of the Bushehr Provincial Road Police, of which 238 people were selected as the sample based on Cochran's formula. Confirmatory factor analysis was used with the help of AMOS and LISREL software to test the hypotheses.

 The component of increasing supervision in the entrance channels and its dimensions (increasing supervision at the provincial level and geographical information at the provincial level) mean more than 3.000, and the significance level is less than 0.05. The component of preventing the entry of smuggled goods was more than 3.000, and the significance level was less than 0.05.

 The results showed that supervision at the provincial level on the entry of smuggled goods, monitoring of the entry channels of smuggled goods, and geographic information are effective in detecting the detection of smuggling of goods in Bushehr province.

Several observational studies have suggested that maternal exposure during pregnancy to arsenic is associated with the risk of preterm birth (PTB); however, available evidence is inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relation of maternal exposure to arsenic to PTB risk.

A comprehensive systematic search was carried out from inception to April 2023 in PubMed and Scopus to retrieve all relevant studies. A pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed using a random effects model to test the association.

As a result, 14 eligible studies, with 12,619 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled OR of all analyzed studies indicated that higher maternal arsenic exposure is significantly related to the 1.12-fold increased odds of PTB (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04-1.21), with a remarkable heterogeneity across studies (P = <0.001, I2 = 70.9%). This association was found in prospective cohort studies (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.05-1.26), but not in non-cohort studies. In the stratified analysis, the majority of subgroups supported the association of arsenic with PTB.

Maternal exposure to arsenic during pregnancy is directly linked to the odds of PTB. Future studies are suggested to investigate the effectiveness of specific measures to decrease exposure to arsenic in high-risk communities, particularly in pregnant women.

In the present study, the wool porous material is used to cover the steps of a stepped solar still and the effect of wool porous material thickness on the energy and exergy efficiencies, distilled water production rate and the temperatures of internal zone and steps are studied experimentally. Experiments are carried out for porous material thicknesses of 4, 6, 8 and 12 mm and without it. Results indicate that solar irradiation affects the amount of distilled water, and the porous material besides affecting the internal temperature of the solar still, causes to produce higher distilled water and higher efficiency than the solar still without the porous material. For example, the amount of distilled water and energy effeciency of solar still with 12 mm-thick of porous material are 0.35 litre and 7.8% higher than the system without porous material.

The growing demand for higher education since the mid-1990s has led to the expansion and diversification of the higher education system. The market economy requires more attention to the quality of education, which is largely related to the amount of budget for each student. Education not only stimulates total factor productivity and economic growth, but also helps to tackle some of the major social and environmental challenges. Beyond economic growth, education enables the production of more and new goods and services with less consumption of non-renewable resources and reduces the negative externalities associated with production. The uniform and one-sided provision of education under the supervision of the centralized system may cause lack of competition and inefficient use of public resources. In this regard, this research seeks to examine the relationship between financial decentralization and improving the performance of higher education in the provinces of Iran. To obtain the relationship, the panel data estimation method for the period 2006 to 2019 has been used. The results showed that the effect of income decentralization on the number of university graduates is positive and significant. In other words, income decentralization increases the number of graduated students and increases the quality level of universities. Also, the effect of income decentralization on educational per capita is negative and meaningful. This means that increasing income decentralization has reduced the per capita education of students, which in turn reduces the quality of education in universities. Anyway, the cost-decentralization relationship is not meaningful in both estimated models.

passage tourist destinations are considered as one of the types of tourist destinations that are important due to the communication position between the destinations. these destinations have a small share of tourism benefits. One of the strategies to solve this challenge is to change the spatial position of the destination and turn it into a focal destination. Khalkhal city in Ardabil province is one of the passage destinations. One of the major challenges related to the spatial evolution of a destination is the existence of multiple perspectives and thought patterns. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to identify and explain the thought patterns of spatial evolution of the tourism destination and to present an intellectual model of tourism evolution. Data were collected from library and field studies and from 20 experts in Khalkhal tourism, including entrepreneurs, managers and researchers, and some tourists, and then analyzed through the Q analytical model. Based on the results, 9 thought patterns were identified. The distance and importance of thought patterns do not differ much and are close. The final model of the transformation model was presented with emphasis on alternative programs, the main components of which include branding, training of creative forces, focus on the sphere of influence, communication between tourists and marketers, infrastructure development, attention to traditions and changing rules, tourism routes, Ecotourism and urban tourism is a combination of indigenous and non-indigenous forces and attention to the perspective of the current and future situation between the road and the focus

Introductio: 

Active anti-microbial packages, metal nanocomposites are a new generation of packages with nano structure, which are produced by direct combination of metal nanoparticles with base resin. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of whey protein concentrate smart film containing pomegranate and red grape anthocyanins and zinc oxide nanoparticles.

permeability to water vapor, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial properties by disk diffusion method and differential scanning calorimeter test were performed on the prepared films. Agar diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial effects of the film.

By increasing the percentage of zinc oxide nanoparticles and anthocyanin in the film, the percentage of solids in the film increased. The antioxidant activity of active films increased significantly with the increase of anthocyanin content of the films. The highest antioxidant activity with a significant difference (p<0.05) was attributed to the film sample with 2.6 cc extract. According to the data obtained from the DSC test, with the addition of anthocyanins, the temperature of 290 and the glass transition have changed to some extent, and on the other hand, it can be concluded that the addition of nanoparticles to the film can reduce the glass transition temperature.

In general, this study showed that anthocyanins and zinc oxide nanoparticles have the potential to be used to prepare films based on bioactive whey concentrate with improved physicochemical properties and biological properties such as antioxidant properties when used in appropriate concentrations.

In order to reduce the cost of electric power generation and also reduce greenhouse gas emissions in ships with electric propulsion system, renewable energy resources and energy storage systems are used along with thermal units. Therefore, in this paper, a stochastic mixed integer linear model has been suggested for optimal management of electrical energy of a ship with electric propulsion system, energy storage, heat generators and renewable solar resources with the aim of minimizing the cost of electricity production and determining the optimal ship speed. In this paper, the Monte Carlo simulation method is used to model the uncertainty in predicting the solar power and the ship's electric load. The proposed model is implemented and analyzed in GAMS optimization software. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed model and the introduced energy management strategy.

Introduction Many Suppose that is a Banach Space with topological dual space We will denote by  the duality pairing between X and  . For , we denote by the boundary points of Ω and by  the interior of Ω. Also we will denote by  the real nonnegative numbers. Let be a set-valued map from  to . The domain and graph of  are, respectively, defined by We recall that a set valued operator is monotone if   for all  and   For two multivalued operators  and we write  ifis an extension of , i.e., . A monotone operator is called maximal monotone if it has no monotone extension other than itself. In 1988, The Fitzpatrick function of a monotone operator was introduced by Fitzpatrick. The Fitzpatrick function makes a bridge between the results of convex functions and results on maximal monotone operators. For a monotone operator , its Fitzpatrick function is defined byIt is a convex and norm to weak lower semicontinuous and function. Let be an extended real-valued function. Its effective domain is defined by  The function is called proper if . Let  be a proper function. The subdifferential (in the sense of Convex Analysis) of  at  is defined byGiven a proper function  and a map , then  is called -convex ifFor all and for all Given an operator  and a map . Then is called -monotone if for all  and  we have  Also is called maximal -monotone if it has no -monotone extension other than itself. We recall for a proper function  the -subdifferential of  at  is defined by and  if .  Main results   The definition we use for the Fitzpatrick function is the same as for monotone operators. Assume that is a proper -convex function its conjugate is defined by First we have the following refinement of the Fenchel-Moreau inequality: where is the indicator function and . Also we have the following refinement, when is a proper, -convex and lower semicontinuous function and  is a maximal -monotone operator:Moreover, we approach generalized monotonicity from the point of view of the classical concept of polarity. Besides, we introduce and study the notion of generalized monotone polar of a set A. Moreover, we find some equivalent relations between polarity and maximal generalized monotonicity.

In the last two decades, developing countries have moved towards achieving basic education. However, educational opportunities remain unequal in part due to the uneven allocation of educational resources. Furthermore, inefficient use of public budget for education jeopardizes the effectiveness of programs to expand access and improve learning outcomes. Therefore, this article uses the autoregression approach with a distribution interval to investigate the effect of educational expenditures on the performance of primary education in the provinces of Iran. The results of the long-term estimation for the years 2015-2018 show that all variables have a significant effect on the level of primary completion and with the expected signs in the provinces of Iran. The estimated coefficients of the short-term error correction model for all explanatory variables are negative, significant and have an adjustment speed of (-0.23), which indicates the correction speed of any imbalance in the short term. According to the results of the research, the government in Iran should strongly promote the policy of improving the quality of education in primary schools, as well as promoting justice and fairness in distribution of education budget and other educational funds. Improving and increasing the level of government expenditures on education is a key program in increasing the primary completion rate, reducing the dropout rate and increasing the quality of education. Also, government poverty alleviation and income policies can significantly encourage parents to enroll their children in schools.

In recent years, many fluctuations in key macroeconomic variables such as growth and inflation, etc. have been observed in Iran.Since the mentioned economic variables have a significant role in the situation of economic stability, so the study of the economic stability of the country have become one of the challenging issues. However, fiscal decentralization as a policy that may increase the country's economic stability has recently been considered by many countries. Therefore, The present study uses the space panel method to investigate the effects of fiscal decentralization on the economic stability of the country (a combined indicator of economic growth, inflation and budget deficit) during the years 2006-2016. The results of the study show a nonlinear relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic stability, they show that a 1% improvement in fiscal decentralization of income does reduce the Combined index of economic stability by 0.63%, however, with increasing fiscal decentralization of income, economic stability increases. The results also show that a 1% improvement in expenditure decentralization has led to a 1.4% increase in the economic stability index, while at high levels of fiscal decentralization of expenditure, the results indicate a decrease in economic stability.

Higher education is considered as the engine of development and growth because of its benefits for increasing research, knowledge and technological innovation in the country. Also, the cost of education is a representative of human capital and among the determining factors of regional inequalities. Improving the dynamics of growth in future and considering the role of education in this field, the issue of appropriate financing levels is more important than in the past. Convergence analysis is interpreted to mean that there is a tendency to reduce the inequality of spending per student over time across the country. Therefore, using panel data approach, this article examines the trend of expenses of each student in higher education institutions (public and private) in the provinces of Iran during the period of 2006-2018. The results showed that there is absolute beta convergence in the per capita education costs of Iran's provinces. The speed of convergence in public expenditures of higher education is higher than private expenditures, but in both cases the speed of convergence is very low. This means that the state of inconsistency between the provinces of Iran in terms of private and public spending on higher education, in a certain time and period, will decrease over time and all sample provinces will converge to a stable state, but the speed of reaching the poor to wealthy areas, the cost of education is very low. Also, the examination of the per capita educational costs of each province indicates the existence of sigma convergence in the government expenditures of education in the provinces of Iran, and this has been effective in the overall convergence of the per capita educational costs of each province. In the sense that the inequality in the public costs of higher education in the provinces of Iran is decreasing rapidly, but this inequality in the private costs of higher education is decreasing and improving very slowly.

This article examines the concept of divine love in the verses of the Quran and the Hadiths of Imam Sadiq (A) and its relation to the attachment theory in psychology. Divine love, presented as a strong motivating force for righteous deeds and piety in religious texts, is described as a reciprocal and interactive relationship between humans and God. In the Quran and Hadiths of Imam Sadiq (A), divine love is depicted as a fundamental principle in religious and moral education. Attachment theory, which explores the initial relationships between a child and their caregivers, indicates that the quality of these relationships has long-term effects on an individual's psychological and emotional development. This article highlights that the similarities and differences between divine love and attachment are based on the human need for love and security. Additionally, the connection between divine love and attachment theory demonstrates that religious concepts can have positive impacts on an individual's mental and emotional health, serving as a strong source of security and self-confidence. Finally, the article provides suggestions for future research on the effects of divine love on mental and emotional health and the development of educational programs based on divine love.

Due to the growing use of Plug-in Electric vehicles in transportation networks, scheduling the charge/discharge of electric vehicles in parking lots can have great impacts on the distribution network's resiliency. This paper presents a Bi-level optimization model to improve the resiliency of the distribution network that takes into account the interaction between the distribution network islanding problem and the charge/discharge scheduling of electric vehicles in available parking lots. In the upper-level problem, regarding the electrical loads and managing the charge/discharge of electric vehicles in electrified parking lots, the island boundaries are determined with the aim of maximize the load restoration. By knowing the islands' boundaries and restored parking lots from the upper-level problem, the changes in destination parking lots and travels characteristics are determined in lower-level problem to minimize the shortest path between the out-of-service destinations and in-service parking lots. The proposed model has been implemented and validated through applying several concurrent faults to the 118-bus active distribution network in presence of electric vehicles in the 25-node traffic network. A combination of mathematical programming and the evolutionary algorithm is applied to reach the final solution. The case studies' results confirm the efficiency of the proposed model for improving the resiliency of distribution networks with managing the charge/discharge of electric vehicle fleets in restored parking lots.