mohammadsadegh afroozeh

Physical education and school sports is a category that has a special place in any society and its role in the flourishing of different talents of individuals and subsequently strengthening and increasing the physical and mental capacities of individuals is undeniable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the discourse of sports principals in the field of school sports. The research was descriptive in nature and with a qualitative approach and discourse analysis of lectures review and interviews of 30 senior managers in the field of sports and youth and its coding in the last year and a half from March 2020 to September 2021 was examined. The data from the interviews and lectures of the managers were classified into three stages of open, axial, and selective coding and 20 concepts and 7 categories: body and soul health, capacity building, complementary and extracurricular activities, development of sports requirements, government assistance, thematic processing and division of social work. It seems that the common discourse in the field of school sports, especially in all three parts of input, process and output, is focused on improving the physical and mental condition of students. Schools must also strive for social and cultural development in order to better achieve the lofty goals of a healthy student.

Today, the presence of volunteers in sports has brought countless cultural and economic benefits to this sector; therefore, the purpose of this research work was to investigate the relationship between nostalgia and mental well-being with social belonging in the presence of most volunteers in sports events.

This research work was of a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the present study included all volunteers in sports events; 312 people were randomly selected as a sample. Research tools included nostalgia questionnaires, social belonging questionnaires, and mental well-being questionnaires. The face validity of the questionnaires and the convergent and divergent validity of the questionnaires were also checked and confirmed by the professors. Also the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between nostalgia and social belonging, nostalgia, and mental well-being, and social belonging and mental well-being. Also the results showed that social belonging is significant as a mediator in the relationship between nostalgia and mental well-being.

According to the results of the research work that showed a significant relationship between nostalgia and mental well-being, it is suggested that managers of sporting events design the working environment of volunteers optimally, to be able to form a sense of nostalgia in the volunteers and make voluntary management methods fruitful based on their psychological needs.

Color is commonly regarded as the primary symbol that elicits customers' attraction, interest, or aversion. This research examines brand characteristics concerning color: Brand Commitment and Brand Equity.

The statistical population consisted of all customers of sports shopping stores in Jahrom City. Due to the uncertainty of the number of the statistical population, 384 questionnaires were distributed by convenience sampling, 300 of which were analyzable. The Color questionnaires based on Haji Hassani et al. (2018), the Brand Equity questionnaire (Aaker & Keller, 1990), and the Brand Commitment questionnaire (Momen, 2014) were used for data collection. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by sports management professors who were experts in sports marketing, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient confirmed the reliability of the questionnaires. Cronbach's alphas of questionnaires achieved 0.89 for color, 0.92 for brand equity, and 0.87 for brand commitment. PLS software was used for fitting and testing the hypotheses using structural patterns.

The results showed that color directly and significantly affects brand equity and commitment (Path coefficient = 0.50, t-value = 7.96). The mediating role of brand equity value on the role of color in brand commitment in sporting goods buyers is also confirmed (Path coefficient = 0.84, t-value = 6.50). The model fit analysis also showed that the proposed model has a goodness of fit (GOF = 0.57). According to the research findings, manufacturers and sports executives must always consider the importance of color, which is far more than its aesthetic aspect, in choosing a practical and comprehensive brand strategy.

Color in sports is presented as a unique symbol that often affects the biases of sports fans and excites them. According to this issue, the effect of color on the brand of sports goods was investigated in this research, which has been given less attention in the reviewed literature.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the creation of sports talent identification system in Fars province using a hybrid algorithm. This research is based on a descriptive, exploratory study and with a developmental approach, which is used to analyze the data from a qualitative approach based on a combined algorithm of open and methodological systems methodology and in a small part of factor analysis. In this way, by studying the background of the subject and in-depth interviews with experts, the dimensions and components needed to design a talent identification system were determined. The sample of the qualitative part of this research was selected using purposive judgmental sampling method and in order to validate the required data system was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Then the components were confirmed using factor analysis method. Based on the research findings, the dimensions of the talent identification system were developed in three dimensions (structural, content, contextual). In general, it can be said that the establishment of sports talent identification system in Fars province is a complex, time consuming and long matter and due to different factors in it has increased its dynamics and has led to the use of open system methodology approach. The formulations in this field are focused on physical factors and its management has not been considered, which should be at the forefront of other cases in the long-term talent identification process.

Today, against with sports corruption is emphasized in various ways, and one of these ways is whistling. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting whistling in sports.

This research was qualitative research and done Grand Theory method. Participants of this research were 12 experts and tools of this were semi-structured interview that selected theoretical sampling. Also, the findings were analyzed through coding method in three stages: open, axial and selective, and a set of basic themes was collected during the open coding process and categories were extracted from them. Then, in the axial and selective coding stage, the link between these categories was determined under the necessary headings of contexts and strategies.

The results showed that two categories of requirements of whistling were include fairness and organizing. Also results showed that three categories of culture, governance and social from the context of whistling and three categories of transparency, development of education and culture building were identified as whistling strategies.

It seems that according to the requirements and contexts of whistling in sports, two long-term and short-term strategies can be proposed and all strategies with a focus on developing the fight against corruption in all areas parallel to sports can lead to synergy.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mental models and psychological needs with individual and social responsibility in women's futsal.The present study was a field and correlational study. The statistical population of the study includes all female futsal athletes that 333 people were selected by stratified random sampling. The research instruments included three questionnaires: Mental Models (RSMMM), Psychological Needs (UPEQ), Personal and Social Responsibility (PSRQ). The reliability of the questionnaires was also calculated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test and combined reliability. Structural equation modeling in Smart PLS software version 3 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between mental models with Personal responsibility, mental models with social responsibility, psychological needs with Personal responsibility, psychological needs with social responsibility and mental models with psychological needs. The results also showed that psychological needs as a mediator in the relationship between mental models and Personal and social responsibility are significant. Also, the impact model of mental models and Personal and social responsibility mediated by psychological needs had a good fit. Finally, considering the importance of women's sports, especially women futsal players, it is suggested that in addition to the development of players' professions, the promotion of national and Islamic culture should be done by developing Personal and social responsibility through mental models and psychological needs.

Relying on theories of social exchange and social cohesion، the aim of this study was to explain the relationship between "management"، diversity and performance of athletes، with the mediating role of justice in the clubs of the Iranian Football Premier League. This research was applied in terms of purpose، based on data collection، it was descriptive-survey. The statistical population was all the players of the teams present in the Premier Football League (N = 480) which were determined using Cochran's formula 214 people and were selected by available sampling method. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using appropriate indicators. Structural equation modeling in AMOS software was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that diversity management and organizational justice have a positive and significant effect on sports performance and these two variables can predict 41% of its changes. Diversity management also affect the perceived justice. On the other hand، perceived justice can play a mediating role in the relationship between diversity management and sports performance، ie it can transfer some of the impact of diversity management on sports performance.

Olympic Games has been the most important sport event in the world and all of the countries try to get the best results from many years before the Olympic games with the long, medium and short term programs. For this reason, identifying the factors affected the success of athletes is very important. So the study is to investigate and prioritize sports factors affecting the success of athletes of Tehran province for the achievement of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. The statistical population was faculty members of physical education and sport sciences (especially sport management), senior managers of the National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the heads of sport federations and the heads of sports boards in Tehran province. The statistical sample continued to reach the theoretical saturation (n=29) for the interview. In the quantitative section, the final questionnaire was distributed among 25 experts. Weighting and prioritization of each factor were performed using Shannon entropy. The results showed that 98 sports indexes could influence the success of athletes of Tehran Province for the achievement of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. In this analysis, indexes were classified into 3 levels: macro, meso and micro levels. The macro level is related to the peripheral environment (community), the meso level to the sporting organizations (including the Federations and National Olympic Committee, the Directorate General for Sport and Youth, etc.) and the micro level to the athlete. The micro level is directly influenced by the success of athletes, and the middle level and the macro level indirectly. This model is an approach that identifies and determines the path of activity of sports officials in Tehran province for the success of athletes. Therefore, senior officials and sports officials should pay special attention to the indicators identified in this study and their priorities. So that by applying and implementing them, effective steps can be taken to achieve success in various international sports, including the Olympic quota and then in the Olympic Games. Athletes should also pay attention to micro-level indicators and try to use them and empower themselves to succeed in sports fields and ultimately the pride of the country.

 Sport can impact the protection of the environment and energy. Sports activities could gather people in one place, which may negatively affect the environment, such as noise pollution, antisocial behaviors, waste, air pollution, and sharp lighting.

 This paper aims to investigate the role of sport in sustainable environmental development. This applied-developmental study utilized an exploratory qualitative method to collect data.

 The statistical population included all top managers of sports organizations (including the National Olympic Committee, Ministry of Sports, and all sports federations), specialists and experts in sport management in Iran, and some managers of the Iranian Department of Environment. Thirteen experts were selected using the purposive sampling method and snowballing technique. The semi-structured interview was used as a data collection tool. Data analysis was done with grounded theory through open, axial, and selective coding.

 The results indicated that the pattern of sustainable environmental development based on the sport consists of 211 concepts and 26 subcategories. Categories 4, 4, 5, 8, and 4 were related to the causal factors, the fields, and domains, mediating variables, strategies, and consequences, respectively, and one category was also considered an axial phenomenon. Adequacy measure of the research process and quality of data and interpretations was approved based on credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, honesty, and data-derived theory criteria, including conformity, comprehensiveness, generality, and controllability.

 According to the results from the model, the sustainable environmental development based on the sport is affected by foresight, environmental values of sport, environmental requirements of the sport, green sports movement, educational and research factors, communication and promotional elements, economics, structural factors, and organizational factors, which can lead to green productivity in sports and the quality of life and well-being of citizens.

In order to benefit and optimize the performance of players, one of the strategies of managers is to use effective diversity management, so the main purpose of this study was to provide a multi-level model of effective diversity management in Iranian Football Premier League clubs.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it is a sequential mix. The statistical population included researches available in reputable scientific databases in the field of diversity management as well as professors, managers, coaches and players. The sampling method was purposeful and the identification of factors was done by meta-combination method and determining the relationships between them with the help of interpretive structural modeling.

The results showed that effective diversity management is classified into 4 levels: individual, team, club and social. This model includes 8 types of outcomes at the individual level including efficiency and effectiveness, growth and development, welfare and well-being, lack of identity concern, commitment and responsibility, higher self-efficacy, increased motivation, effort, satisfaction and loyalty. At the club level, it also includes four factors: communication and coordination, fair behavior, integration of differences and team cohesion, and participation in tactical decision-making. At the club level, it has referred to the policies and processes of club management, and at the social level, it has identified factors such as legislation, socio-economic status and culture.

Football clubs in Iran should focus more on the principles of diversity management at different individual, team, club and social levels

The coaching styles are a powerful force that can affect the health of athletes and their view of sports.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Coaches' Behavioral Style (CBS) and Exercise Pleasure (EP) and Athletes' Moral Health (AMH).

This research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study included all athletes in Neyriz city. Three questionnaires were used for data collection: CBS questionnaire of Chelladurai and Saleh (1980), EP questionnaire of Scanlan et al. (1993), and AMH questionnaire of Vallerand et al. (1996). Descriptive statistics and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.

The results showed that although some of the components of AMH and CBS, such as negativism, were inverse, overall, there was a positive and significant relationship between CBS and AMH. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between AMH and EP.

According to the results, CBS can affect AMH and EP. Therefore, sports coaches should choose their behavior style according to athletes' needs, however, based on their willingness in supportive and participatory styles

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and entrepreneurship with the mediating role of social capital in managers of private sports clubs in Shiraz.

The statistical population included 400 managers of private clubs in Shiraz. The statistical sample consisted of 196 respondents who were chosen through cluster sampling based on the distribution of clubs in the eleven urban areas of Shiraz. In order to measure knowledge management, Sharon Lawson Questionnaire (2003), Social Capital Assessment, Gaini Questionnaire (2012) and Entrepreneurship Assessment, Chupani Questionnaire (2010) were administered among the respondents. Five qualified managers assessed and confirmed the validity of the questionnaires and the reliability of the questionnaires was assessed and confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the combined reliability. In order to investigate the relationships between the data, the redearchers applied the path analysis method with partial minimum squares using PLS2 software.

The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the components of knowledge management and entrepreneurship in sports clubs. There was also a significant relationship between the components of social capital and entrepreneurship. In addition, the research findings showed that social capital could be a good medium for the development of entrepreneurship through knowledge management in the sports club.

According to the research findings, it is recommended that sport clubs create inter and intra-club networks taking the creativity and efficiency of their social capital for granted to make the path of entrepreneurial development shorter and more effective along with developing infrastructure to create a knowledge-based sports club in order to develop entrepreneurship.

According to the concept of social responsibility, since professional athletes are members of society and, like other members of society, are responsible for their environment, it is necessary for them both to improve their sportive, economic and social performance and to promote the social living standards of the people of the society. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the social responsibility of professional athletes during Coronavirus pandemic. The research design was qualitative and was conducted through Grounded theory Also, the statistical sample of the research consisted of fourteen athletes, experts and faculty members who underwent interview. Also, the findings were analyzed through coding method in three stages open, axial and selective, and a set of basic themes was collected during the open coding process and categories were extracted from them, accordingly. Then, in the axial and selective coding stage, the link between these categories was determined under the headings of contexts, strategies and consequences. Based on the results, nine-three marks were identified in the coding, which were placed in 20 categories. According to the results, it is suggested that top officials and decision makers in sports, with awareness of the high potential of athlete’s social influence, to plan preventive policies in relation to the critical condition of COVID-19 Pandemic and considering the social responsibility of athletes in this context, make their own decisions.

Today, body culture in many societies affects other sectors, including the security of the psychological space of society. In addition, the media as an important factor in the socialization and internalization of advertising cultures is undeniable. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body management and social security among women in Shiraz. The present study was a descriptive survey that was collected in the field. The statistical population included women in Shiraz, 384 people were selected based on Morgan table, of which 340 questionnaires were analyzed. The media consumption questionnaire of Mahmoudian et al. (2015) and the body management questionnaire of Sarmad et al (2013) and the modified social security questionnaire of Sahabi (2010) were used to collect information. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between body management and the type of media consumption and social security. Media consumption is also effective in women's understanding of social security. Finally, it seems that the choice of women's body management style has been effective on its sense of security in society, so it is suggested that body management be considered not in Western beauty but in fitness resulting in health to ensure the security of the individual and society

Nowadays, with a growing number of services and raising the access level to information and distribution channels, customers show more flexibility in decision-making. Due to intense competition in service industries such as Gyms, managers of these centers need to take new approaches to attract and retain customers. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate the impact of experience creation through sensory stimuli in gyms on perceived value, brand strength, and word-of-mouth advertising.This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The sample consisted of 215 customers of luxury gyms in Tehran selected through purposive sampling. The main data collection tool was a questionnaire composed of Semi self-made and pre-existing questions. The questionnaires used include sensory stimuli scale (Hosseini et al., 2017), brand experience scale (Brakus et al., 2009), perceived value scale (Wiedmann et al., 2018), brand strength scale (Wymer., 2013), satisfaction scale (Chung et al., 2005), and word-of-mouth advertising scale (Helgesen & Nesset, 2007). Finally, structural equation modeling was applied using Smart PLS 3 software to identify the interactions between the variables.The results indicated that sensory stimuli lead to brand experience creation, and this path leads to customers’ perceived value. Furthermore, perceived value leads to brand strength and ultimately to positive word-of-mouse advertising.

Nowadays, in different societies, creating suitable fields for women's sports is considered an important and national issue and the presence or absence of women in sports activities is considered as a global indicator of the social status of women in society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of social support on Yasuj women's Sports Participation with the mediating role of feeling safe.

This study used survey & cross sectional method which was conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study consists of all women over 15 years old in Yasuj city. Due to the lack of confidence in number of population, eventully 384 persons were selected as statistical sample based on Cochran's formula. Questionnaires were distributed among women by using the available sampling method, out of them 354 questionnaires were find studyable and analyzable. In order gathering relevance data, three questionnaires: social support (Zimmett et al., 1988), justified Questionnaire of Social Feeling Safe (Sahabi, 2010) and sport participation questionnaires (Sharkley, 1999) were used. Also validity and reliability of the questionnaires were consider and confirmed. Fitting and testing of the hypotheses was performed by using structural models, Partial Least Squares method and PLS3 software.

The results showed that social support and feeling safe had a direct and significant impact on women's sport participation. Analyzing Model fitting also proved that the proposed model has enough and powerful fitting.

The purpose of this study was to present a qualitative model for the development of educational justice in the field of sport science, which was presented in the case of Jahrom University. This study is a qualitative research method that systematic approach of Grounded theory was used to analyze the data. By reviewing the background and theoretical foundations, the introductory list was formulated as interview questions and the primary tool for collecting data and interviewing guide. Then, three sessions with 20 undergraduate and postgraduate students in the field of sport sciences were held as the focal points of the university. We tried to consider good, moderate, and poor students in equal choices (about 7 students). Also, 12 interviews were held with the faculty members and educational justice elite at Jahrom University until the data reached a theoretical saturation, meaning data was the same as previous data. In the analysis of the data, after the open and axial coding process, and based on the analysis of the obtained factors, the coding process was performed. Results in two general dimensions of educational injustice platforms and educational justice strategies formed the final pattern of research. General concepts derived from inequities include facilities, educational resources, academic discrimination, laws, personal characteristics, professors, content and geographic location, and educational justice strategies include transparency, development of evaluations, training, local development and interaction.

Each community, except for the two sexes, includes other segments that have sex disorders that affect their participation in sport, so the purpose of this study was to identify barriers to transgender participation.

This study was conducted by qualitative method and using Glaser method which consisted of two parts. The first part consisted of semi-structured interviews with (n = 13) gender-aware individuals and individuals in the field. Data were analyzed using logical induction method during three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The second part of the study also included the prioritization of results by the SEM method conducted by the elite.

The coding results showed that there were nine components and 19 categories of interviews that included body shame, fear of covering in the form of physical self-concept, categories of social acceptance, hot stigma and social exclusion in the form of social phobia, future concerns and problems Finance in the form of economic security, consulting and infrastructure in the form of technical development, prevalence of violence and discrimination in the form of injustice, delusions, awareness and inexperience in the form of mental defaults, deviation and segregation in the form of behavioral styles. Educators, self-esteem, social escape, and motivation in the context of social and media inferiority and the rules in the form of social media tools. It was fluid. Finally, in the selective coding of four sections including self, sport, economics, and society, barriers to transgender participation were identified.

Considering the identification of diverse components as barriers to participation in its four sectors, sport, structure and society seem to be a priority in behavioral and cultural reform of the social sector, which suggests that community education sectors such as media ، Contribute to this culture and improve participation.

Psychological issues are integral components of all areas of behavior, including sports. The current study attempts to find the relationship of disappointment with self –handicapping and doping tendency in sportsmen in Fars province. This was a field study using a descriptive correlational design. The population of the current study included all sportsmen competing in boxing, weightlifting, and track and field, out of whom 384 sportsmen were selected as the sample of this study. The participants were selected by convenient sampling and data were gathered using three questionnaires. The disappointment questionnaire (Beck, 1979), doping tendency questionnaire (Petróczi, 2007), and self-handicapping questionnaire (Jones & Rhodewalt, 1982) were used as the instruments of the study. The reliability coefficients of the instruments were calculated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test, and combined reliability was measured by PLS software. PLS3 software was also used to analyze structural equation modeling data. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between disappointment and self-handicapping. The results also confirmed the relationship between doping tendency and disappointment on one hand and self-handicapping and the tendency to doping on the other. Moreover, the results confirmed the significant role of self-handicapping as a mediating variable in the relationship between disappointment and doping tendency. Also, the model of the effect of disappointment on the tendency to doping showed an appropriate fitness. Finally, it is suggested that, in addition to an acceptable level of supervision, the psychological issues of the athletes should also be taken into consideration in different levels of competition.

The journey from championship to Sportsmanship status is a very difficult but possible way, so purpose of the research was to design a model for developing sportsmanship champion in the sportchr('39')s Iranian. The present study was Exploratory qualitative research approach of grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin (1998) performed. The statistical population was including experts and elites who were selected by theoretical and non-random, Purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and field notes. The researcher reached theoretical saturation after performing 19 interviews and data from the interviews were analyzed through the coding method in three stages: open, axial, and selective. The findings were based on context include 10 components (corrupt contexts, ethics, economics, forgetfulness, ineptitude, bias, defective structure, official conflict, interaction, and indifference), Intervention-centered coding results consisted of 8 components (communication, aristocracy, religiosity, antiquity, culture, structure, politics, and society), strategy coding results including 8 components (deviation monitoring, culture building, structuring, reverberation, self-education, and training). It seems that three elements of community, sport and individual are effective in the development of athletechr('39')s athletic development and the suggested strategies of this research can help to achieve this.

Today, superstition has been criticized by researchers as one of the social deviations, and sport has not been immune from the propagation of superstition as an important social phenomenon with an unpredictable nature. Since superstition is one of the most common problems in modern sport, the purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions of tendency toward superstitions in Iranian sport. The exploratory approach was conducted qualitatively and grounded theory method was used. Firstly, by identifying the effective factors in the library of the Preliminary List, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 knowledgeable experts. For data analysis, logic inductive method was used during three open, axial and selective coding stages. After interviewing the experts, the results in open coding indicate that 83 codes were identified in superstitions in Iranian sports. Then at the axial coding stage, the tags were categorized in 22 concepts. Finally, 3 identified components derived from selective coding including structural, contextual, and behavioral categories were classified. It seems that there is no definite strategy for communicating with superstitions in sport, and in addition to training at all three levels of macro, middle, and wisdom, there is a need for social mechanisms, the creation of desirability and the use of non-homogeneous symbols and ultimately self-development Athlete's mental and emotional aspects.

The world is currently facing a much more serious crisis than in the past. COVID-19's crisis has seriously damaged many jobs and industries. Sports businesses are also among the most severely affected by the current crisis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the challenges facing sports businesses. Methodologically, this research is qualitative research and its purpose is practical. The research population includes sports business owners. The results of the challenges were classified into two areas: structural and business. The structural level had two sub-branches, macro and micro. In the business challenges section, two sub-branches were infrastructure and human resources. Also, the solutions were presented by the research audience. Strategies for economic recovery in the post-Corona period were also identified, including political, structural, and economic solutions. Finally, sports authorities are encouraged to plan for business owners as soon as possible, taking into account the identified challenges, in order to prevent the closure and bankruptcy of most sports activists. Also, with the support of the government for sports businesses, to guide new investors, allow the growth of the price of sports services and amend the privatization laws in the current special circumstances.

Summary:

 At the beginning of the 21st century one of the new problems reported in the world sports sector was match-fixing. Every year, a large number of collusions are reported in domestic competitions or world competitions under the supervision of the committees or world federations, and this can have many consequences.

Match-fixing is ranked the third in corruption in sports, which can be defined as a deceptive act or action in order to determine the outcome of a match before it is carried out. Collusion can have many consequences for the players, referees, coaches, league managers, fans, and supporters (Peurela, 2013). Match-fixing in sport can also have other definitions if it can affect a course or outcome of a sporting event in order to gain an advantage for one person or for the others (individuals or institutions) and eliminate all or part of the uncertainty in the length of a competition (Moriconi, 2016). Carrying out research works that can lead to the aggregation and analysis of the opinions of different experts will probably lead to a reduction in the decisionmaking time of club managers in order to combat this phenomenon for a fair athlete benefit from sports and maintain the sanctity of clean sports. Therefore, the main question will be answered in the two axes of contexts and strategies so that what components are effective on the formation of collusion in sports. After identifying these components, the main question is the strategies available to combat collusion or reduce the opportunity to create it.

Methodology and Approach: 

This research work was a qualitative one in terms of the strategy type, and the grounded theory was used in terms of the research method. The participants in this work included the knowledgeable people, managers, coaches and athletes, psychologists, sociologists, and sports science professors who were familiar with the issue of corruption, and 18 people were selected non-randomly and by snowballs. The research tool was semi-structured interviews; before the interviews and at the first stage of the work, by studying the research background and collecting the library information, some existing cases were identified. After the interviews, the findings were analyzed using the contextual method. In this way, after conducting and editing the interviews, different views were coded and classified in the same conceptual groups and then analyzed qualitatively.

The results obtained showed that the legal, economic, public pressure, prejudice, athlete morale, control, professionalism, and social and sports nature were among the factors associated with match-fixing. The strategies including the financial management reform, education, transparency, structuring, and social organization were also identified. The strategies could be examined at three levels: individual, organizational, and extra-organizational. At the extraorganizational level, the social organizing strategies were considered; at the organizational level, education, transparency, financial management, and structuring; and finally, at the individual level, retraining could be emphasized. An athlete or professional coach should first help reduce deviant situations in the sport by promoting the ethical professionalism. Also the structure of sports clubs and leagues should limit the possibility and opportunity of collusion by creating the transparent financial structures and emergence of the Islamic and Iranian cultures.

Sport with the ethical approach in society today is a necessity that can guarantee the survival and development of it. The aim of this research was to identify the Iranian wrestler's morality elements, due to the charisma of wrestling in Iran. This research was mixed and its statistical population was in two sections include of expert of this area and then the wrestlers selected, the experts were chosen purposefully and wrestlers were randomly selected. The research instrument was a Delphi-elite questionnaire, which was completed with appropriate reliability and validity by statistical sampling and analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software. The results showed that ethics in an Iranian wrestler could include four components of self-respect, opponent, wrestle and society. Self-respect includes doping, body health, mental health, respect for the opponent, including shuffling, patience and observance, respect for the wrestle, including mastership, philosophy, the rule of law and respect for the community including supporters, media familiarization and help Was local. Therefore, a wide range of ethics over time can be embedded in an athlete, which can be examined by the relative or absolute nature of the ethical and normative indicators of existence or absence of it over time and place. Iranian wrestlers, based on the philosophy of the wrestle in the heart of the history and culture of the country, which is a source of paradise, combines a broader range of morals, which is referred to as a sporting moral model.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the students' desire to play computer games in comparison with exercise and physical activity. The research method was descriptive-survey and of practical type. Study population was consisting all students of universities in Tehran province. Finally, 392 questionnaires with validity and appropriate reliability were completed by the samples available. In this research, data were collected through questionnaire and then analyzed by PLS software. The results of the research showed that the conceptual model of research has a good fit as well as between video games with the variables studied. The results showed that cost, mental stress, opportunity, choice and unpardonable pleasures are factors that students face in choosing to play computer games. Therefore, due to widespread changes in the intellectual environment and a different perception of sport, it is necessary to make appropriate fixes for computer-based games based on physical activity and sports, or the boom of traditional sports in engaging with computer games. It should also be noted that due to the development of student media literacy and, on the other hand, the reduction of physical activity and excessive obesity of balance in the event of frequent use of computer games, attention to the attractive elements of games should be given to each individual's position.