mohsen asghari nekah

Teachers 'job satisfaction is associated with various factors and the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between moral, spiritual, and emotional intelligence with teachers' job satisfaction. The method of the present study is cross-sectional descriptive-analytical and correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all teachers working in education in Kalat city (700 people). Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size and 248 people were selected as the sample who were selected using simple random sampling method. Data were collected based on four ethical intelligence questionnaires by Link and Kiel (2005), King spiritual intelligence (SISRI.2008), Siberian emotional intelligence (2001) and Barati (2006) job satisfaction (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) 0.86, 0.88, 0.85 and 0.82 were obtained and their face and content validity were confirmed by experts. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between spiritual, moral and emotional intelligence with job satisfaction. The results of regression analysis also indicated that moral intelligence can predict job satisfaction.

Social anxiety is one of the most common anxiety disorders. There are various treatments for it. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive group behavioral intervention and psychodrama in reducing the symptoms of this disorder.

The research is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with the control group. 445 students participated in this study. First, Connorchr('39')s social phobia questionnaire and then clinical interviews selected 36 students who had the most social anxiety and then were randomly divided into three groups. For one group, group cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in 12 sessions of 2 hours, and for the other group, were performed too. Finally, social anxiety was assessed in three groups and the results were compared.

Most of them lacked the criteria for social anxiety (370students) and 15 patients (3.4%) showed severe symptoms of the disorder. Analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of intervention and control group(F=37.25 and p<0.001), this difference was also no significant between intervention groups (p >0/05).

Both methods are effective in reducing social anxiety. Also, the results showed that the two therapeutic interventions in reducing social anxiety in students are not superior to each other.

Romances and stories and in particular, children's literary creations have a significant potential to be utilized as a solution for children's behavioral and personality disorders as well as enhancing some of their abilities.

Investigating the effect and impact of these stories requires the use of a branch of literary criticism which is within the scope of psychological criticism. In this matter, the theories of William Glasser, as one of the most positive psychologists in the field provide some useful theories to analyze these texts and concepts. It should be noted that one of the basic needs of human is his/her need for freedom that has been addressed in the Glasser's theory. As such, the current research evaluates 145 children's favorite books translated or written during 1921-2011. Moreover, this research conducts a psychological analysis using a qualitative-deductive content analysis approach for about 30 stories that freedom is an outstanding issue in their characters. The required data was gathered by a documentary method in which the purposeful sampling method was carried out to choose the sample of the study.

In this paper, the freedom is divided into two parts of positive and negative liberties. The positive liberty is related to those characters that often choose the right behavior after satisfying a natural and healthy need. On the other hand, the characters via negative liberty are those characters that violate people's rights to accomplish their goals.

The obtained results of the paper revealed that those characters that are motivated by positive liberty and choose the right behavior to satisfy their needs can achieve good results at the end of the story. Conversely, those characters that are motivated by negative liberty or choose to incorrect behavior to satisfy their needs for freedom may fail at the end of the story. Finally, it is worthwhile to suggest to all writers and critics of child and adolescent books that by studying children's psychology, they can better choose those studies that are appropriate for them. Furthermore, with the help of psychologists, both child and adolescent literature researchers will psychologically review all studies related to these young audiences. For this purpose, they can rely on Glasser's theory and other general theories of counseling and psychotherapy that are appropriate for the subject matter of the stories.

The postpartum period is a time of extreme vulnerability to various psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, which exert profound negative impacts on the health of neonates, mothers, and families. Therefore, it is necessary to perform some interventions to prevent and mitigate postpartum anxiety. The current study investigated the effect of counseling based on Gamble's approach on postpartum anxiety in primiparous women.

This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 60 primiparous women referred to Mashhad health centers in 2018. Participants in the intervention group received midwife-led individual counseling based on Gamble's approach during three prenatal and one postpartum session, apart from routine prenatal care. The control group only received routine prenatal care. A questionnaire to measure demographic and obstetric data as well as Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using Mann-Whitney, chi-square and independent t-test.

There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups before intervention (p <0.05). The mean and standard deviations of women's anxiety in the intervention and control groups were obtained as 7.5±1.1 and 8.6±2.4, respectively. The results of the Mann-Whitney test demonstrated that the level of anxiety in the intervention group was significantly lower, compared to that in the control group (P=0.008).  

Counseling based on Gamble’s approach reduced postpartum anxiety in primiparous women. Therefore, it can be used during pregnancy and postpartum period as an effective, simple, and adverse-effect-free method to reduce anxiety during the postpartum period.

Despite the importance of motivation for having a child in the process of infertility treatment, there are few studies in this field. This study aimed to investigate the childbearingmotivations of infertile women and comparing the results with those of fertile women.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 308 women, including 96 infertile women referring to Milad Infertility Center of Mashhad, Iran, in 2015 selected by convenient sampling technique and 212 fertile women of reproductive ages selected from different healthcare settings. The childbearing motivations of participants was gathered through the Childbearing Motivation Questionnaire in two groups and compared using Mann-Whitney U test, and independent t-test. Data analysis was performed applying SPSS (version 16).

The mean scores of positive childbearingmotivations (PCM) in infertile and fertile women were 99.5±9.7 and 93.61±14.05 out of 112, respectively. The mean of all subscales of PCM, with the exception of “instrumental values of children,” of infertile women were significantly higher than fertile women (p=0.000). Also, The mean scores of negative childbearingmotivations (NCM) in infertile and fertile women were 44.7±10.1 and 52.80±9.26 out of 84, respectively. The mean of all subscales of NCM scores of infertile women were significantly lower than fertile women (p=0.000).

The findings showed that infertile women had high PCM and low NCM and the experience of parenthood was very important for the infertile couples. It is suggested to offer the appropriate duration and type of treatment based on clients’ needs and their childbearing motivation in the counselling and treatment of infertile couples.

Nausea and vomiting is one of the most common problems in pregnancy. Since many researchers have considered the effective role of anxiety or depression in the incidence of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, relaxation probably can decrease nausea and vomiting in pregnant women through increasing the calmness. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the effect of muscle relaxation on nausea and vomiting in pregnant women.
This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 66 pregnant women at gestational age of 6-12 weeks with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy who referred to two selected health centers in Mashhad in 2018. The subjects were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. After holding two sessions of progressive muscle relaxation training within one week for the intervention group, the units performed the exercises for 4 weeks at home. The researcher did not give any training to the control group. The tools used in this study included Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Index, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (Dass-21). Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 25) using Mann-Whitney, independent t-test, repeated measures analysis, and Friedman tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The mean score of nausea, vomiting and gagging and the total score of nausea, vomiting and gagging in the intervention group before the study were 4.6 ± 2.3, 3.2 ± 2.3, 2.7 ± 1.7, and 10.6±5.0, and after the study were 2.8 ± 1.4, 1.8 ± 1.3, 1.6 ± 0.9, and 6 ± 2.8, respectively. In the control group, the mean score of nausea, vomiting and gagging and the total score of nausea, vomiting and gagging before the study were 4.4 ± 2.1, 2.3 ± 2.4, 2.8 ± 1.8, 9.5 ± 1.7, respectively, and after the study were 3.8 ± 1.6, 2.3 ± 1.9, 2.7 ± 2, and 8.8±4.8, respectively. The results of statistical tests showed that the mean score of nausea, vomiting, gagging and total score of nausea, vomiting, and gagging of pregnant women significantly decreased in the intervention group during all stages of measurement (p <0.001); while in the control group, there was no significant decrease in some stages of measurement (p >0.05).
Progressive muscle relaxation can reduce the severity of nausea, vomiting and gagging in pregnant women by reducing anxiety, stress and depression. Therefore, since it has no complications and is convenient to do it, this method is recommended as a way to reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

About 30% of the children are hospitalized at least once during their childhood. Health care providers are among one of the effective factors in alleviating children's stressduring hospitalization. Therefore, nurses have to wear clothes with attracting colors to reduce stress among children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nursing clothing on admission anxiety among children aged 3-6 year old in Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad. This randomized clinical control trial was conducted on 50 children admitted to the paediatric ward at Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad during 1395. The cases were divided into two groups of intervention and control using nonrandom sampling. The data were analyzed through the visual self-report scale for anxiety. The findings revealed that the control group showed higher levels of anxiety, compared to the intervention group. There was a significant difference in terms of anxiety scores between the intervention and the control groups (P<0.001). The study showed that patterned nursing clothes alleviate the anxiety among children. Therefore, it is recommended to use clothes with patterns in contrast to plain uniforms in paediatric ward to reduce children's anxiety.

One of the activities of experts in the field of curriculum design is their endeavours to understand conceptual structures of this realm of human knowledge, and an instance of such efforts is the article titled "Analysis of the Conceptual Model in Curriculum Filed: Critical Review of Researchers Done With Model Design Approach Curriculum" in which the authors have initially categorized the models into “procedural”, “descriptive” and “conceptual” in the field of curriculum design based on the ideas put forth by Posner’. They have then analyzed researches conducted in the field of curriculum with the model design approach in terms of model description, type of model used and its usage. In this study, it has been attempted to decide to what extend the titles and evaluations presented in the article are in line with the nature of matters of curriculum design. In the end, with the help of available resources, we have addressed the possibility of determining criteria for distinguishing models in the field of curriculum design. The study has revealed that the models in the field of curriculum design have different categorizations in terms of structure and subject matter which will be discussed in the present article.

The purpose of this study was to survey the effectiveness of linguistic games on phonological awareness of orphans and vulnerable children. A sample of 24 orphans and vulnerable children age 4-5 in foster care was selected. They were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (N=12) or control group (N=12), then the phonological awareness questionnaire) subtest syllabic, phoneme awareness) was distributed. The experimental group received linguistic games in 10 sessions. The data analyses performed by ANCOVA showed that children who had received linguistic games, in the posttest, indicated significant difference in phonological awareness compared with the control group. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to provide the educational and rehabilitation programs through linguistic game therapy to enhance awareness, phonological, and linguistic capacity of children in care centers, which might be of help in solving reading problems of children in orphanage settings and kindergartens.

the purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of expressive art group therapy on interactional selfefficacy of foster children. The research design was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest control group). The sample consisted of 28 primary school parentless and mal-treated girls living in special centers for these children in the city of Mashhad using convenience sampling. The participants were assigned randomly into either experimental or control group. The participants completed the Children's Self-Efficacy for Peer Interaction Scale (Wheeler & Ladd, 1982) before intervention and one week after. The experimental group received expressive art group therapy for ten sessions (two 90 minutes sessions per week). The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that children of experimental group had better social self-efficacy in conflict situations and non-conflict situations than children of control group. The findings suggest that the expressive art group therapy may be contributed to the increase of self-efficacy in foster children

The present study has been conducted with the purpose of exploring linguistic plays in increasing reading skill among retarded students. The kind of the study is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test، being conducted among all retarded students studying in second grade of elementary schools at Mashhad. The sample included 30 subjects، randomly selected and assigned as experimental and control. Then the experimental group received 20 sessions of linguistic plays. In data collection we used two standard tests، namely Raven children test for homogenous subjects، and phonemic knowledge test، and also two researcher-made tests of reading speed and comprehension with appropriate validity and reliability. In data analysis، in descriptive level، we used indicators of central tendency، dispersion index، frequency distribution table، diagram and etc. and in inferential level، in addition to examining the normality of data and investigating test hypotheses we used covariance analysis and t-test. The findings show that: 1. Phonemic skill score of retarded students receiving intervention (linguistic plays)، has been higher compared to control group (p<0. 001) 2. No difference has been found regarding reading speed score among both groups. (p<0. 102). 3. Reading comprehension score of experimental group has been higher than control group (p<0. 001). Therefore، the results indicate that this educational method has been appropriate and can increase retarded students'' reading skill. Keywords: educable mentally retarded student، linguistic plays، phonological skill، reading skill، reading speed، comprehension