فهرست مطالب mohsen heydari

The objectives of this research were study of genetic diversity in Iranian and foreign pistachio cultivars using CBDP markers and the efficiency of these markers in differentiation and grouping of cultivars.

In this research, genetic diversity of 73 cultivars (63 Iranian and 10 foreign cultivars) was evaluated using 25 CBPD primers.

The results showed that, the bands polymorphism for Iranian and foreign cultivars was 77.56% and 67.80%, respectively. The PIC mean for CBPD markers was 0.76 and all CBDP primers had a high ability to separate pistachio cultivars. The MI mean for CBDP primers was 2.65 and CAAT2 primer showed the highest MI (8.52) value. Analysis of molecular variance determined 4% inter-group diversity and 96% intra-group diversity for studied genotypes. Gst value 0.04 verified low inter-group diversity as well. Nm value 11.03 showed the gene flow between foreign and Iranian pistachio cultivars. Iranian cultivars had higher values than foreign cultivars in terms of both Nei and Shannon gene diversity indices as well. Cluster analysis using Jaccard matrix and UPGMA method was performed and the results showed, the average of similarity coefficient between cultivars was 0.68 and the pistachio cultivars were divided in three main groups, in which the main groups were subdivided into several subgroups. The principal coordinate analysis also confirmed the result of the cluster analysis.

In conclusion, the use of CBDP markers is suitable for studying the genetic diversity of pistachio cultivars. Also, the efficiency and differentiation power of CBDP primers was confirmed due to the high mean of PIC and MI.

Underbalanced drilling has been considered to reduce damage to the formation, decrease costs and increase drilling speed. Although underbalanced drilling has many advantages, it requires accurate modeling and fundamental study before drilling operations due to the risks of lower drilling mud pressure than formation pore pressure. Therefore, in this study, by using numerical analysis and Mohr-Coulomb analytical method, the wellbore stability of the studied well in underbalanced drilling was investigated. Then, the sensitivity of geomechanical parameters, in-situ stresses, and mud pressure on the wellbore radial strain was analyzed in order to present their effect of them on the wellbore stability. According to the results, the range of safe and stable mud weight window for underbalanced drilling of the formation was 21.24 to 34.7 MPa. In underbalanced drilling of the studied well, the sensitivity factor of all geomechanical parameters revealed that mud pressure and maximum horizontal in-situ stress have the greatest effect, while Poisson's ratio and friction angle have the least effect on the wellbore radial strain. Additionally, according to the sensitivity factor among all geomechanical parameters, the well pressure and maximum horizontal stress with the values of 6.43 and 5.33 respectively have the greatest effect on radial strain during underbalanced drilling.

Confidence in the capital market becomes dynamically valuable when interactive strategies with stakeholders are formulated for the long term to reduce the information asymmetry that has become an epidemic among companies. That is, a more responsive response to the level of expectations of this market under the supervision of relevant institutions. By reflecting on timely news content and honestly speaking, one can expect interactive functions and capabilities between companies with stakeholders in the form of theories such as Pygmalion theory that points to the re-formation of expectations in this market. It should be strengthened and the level of satisfaction with investing in this market will increase due to lower risk and higher return. The purpose of this research is Information Content of Financial Reporting and the development of interactive capability with stakeholders by Pygmalion Theory Test. In this study, in order to measure the content of financial reporting information, two criteria of timeliness and Reporting-Lag have been used. To evaluate the development of interactive capability with stakeholders, Delphi's analysis based on Likert-5 formulation has been used. Questionnaire for collecting research data for 142 companies in year 2019 was sent out of which 105 questionnaires were returned with the participation of managers of Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to fit and test the hypothesis, we used the partial least squares analysis. The results showed that Information Content of Financial Reporting had a positive and significant effect on development of interactive capability with stakeholders.

Nowadays, hydraulic fracturing is used in various fields such as stimulation of oil reservoirs, measurement of in-situ stresses, extraction of geothermal energy and extraction of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources.Meanwhile in-situ stresses and porosity are the most important factors that affecting the propagation, opening and extension of the crack. In this research, the above parameters have been investigated using analytical and numerical methods. For numerical modeling in this research, the numerical method of displacement discontinuity, has been used, which is one of the methods with high ability in modeling discontinuity and failure. The program used is a quadratic element based on solid mechanics and fracture mechanics. In this research, by addition of the fluid flow module, the fluid mechanics is included in the analysis. In the fluid mechanics module, the effect of fluid flow on crack opening displacement is investigated. This part of the program is created by finite difference method in mode of forward time central space. Finally, after validation of the program, the effects of in situ stress and porosity on crack propagation were investigated. In order to generalize the results, the studied parameters have been presented in dimensionless forms. It is concluded that the best direction for creating a hydraulic fracture is in the direction of maximum principal stress. As the in-situ stress difference increases, less injection pressure is required to propagate the crack. In the crack with a 45 degrees angle relative to the maximum stress, a lower injection pressure is required to propagate the crack; then this crack after several step of growth deviates to the maximum stress direction. Increasing the porosity of the formation reduces the amount of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, which leads to increases the crack opening at higher porosity values.

Wellbore stability analysis, selecting the optimum drilling direction, and determining the safe and stable mud weight windows are among the major geo-mechanical challenges in the oil and gas industries. In this study, the wellbore stability analysis and the optimal drilling direction have been numerically modelled by finite element method (FEM) considering the importance of wellbore stability and recognizing instabilities using the data of Sivand oil field. The numerical modeling of wells behaviors has been performed in two modes of elastic and elastoplastic deformations using ABAQUS software. The numerical results have been done using the two failure criteria, namely Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker-Prager and compared together, considering the effect of intermediate principal stress, Drucker-Prager failure criterion has been selected as a suitable failure criterion for this study. In addition, the numerical results have shown that the vertical well is the optimal drilling direction. Then, by applying the NYZA method, the safe mud weight window has been determined. The validity of the proposed mud window for a vertical well has been approved by applying the Mohr-Coulomb analytical method. Finally, the safe and stable mud window for the vertical wellbore has been proposed.

One of the important and obvious characteristics of macro algae, which is important for their use in aquatic diet, the richness of bioactive compounds such as vitamins, minerals, pigments and polysaccharides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary macro algae powder (Gracilaria pygmea) on some blood biochemical indices of Lates calcarifer. At the start of the experiment, 240 juvenile fish were randomly divided into 12 fiberglass tanks of 300 liters. The experimental treatments with three replicates were designed including 0%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% macro algae as additive in diet. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected in order to estimate blood biochemical parameters. There was a significant difference between treatment 2% and the other treatments in the value of glucose. However, there was no significant difference between the other treatments and the control group (P>0.05). A significant difference was only observed between treatment 2% and the other treatments in the value of albumin. There was no significant difference in the level of cholesterol between different treatments and control group (P>0.05). Overall, based on the results of blood biochemical parameters in the present study, the best level of Gracilaria macro algae in treatment 2.5% was found in of Asian seabass diet.

The current research sets out to identify and scrutinize the impact of the CEO’s perceptual biases in judgment and economic decision-making on the reporting quality of the firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Adopting a mixed method, the present study first seeks to detect the components and indices of CEO’s perceptual biases via critical appraisal and with the special participation of 10 accounting experts. Afterwards, the rec-ognized indices are set to undergo a Delphi analysis given the mean and the coefficient of agreement. The verified indices are then adapted to the ac-counting models and analyzed in the form of research hypotheses. The re-sults of qualitative analysis using Delphi method verify the reliability of 16 indices out of 22 ones. Regarding the quantitative analysis, the association between the indices of the CEO’s perceptual biases in judgment and econom-ic decision-making, and the primary proxies of financial reporting, namely reliability and competitiveness is tested. The findings reveal that the indices of the CEO’s perceptual biases in judgment and economic decision-making exert a significantly negative effect on financial reporting reliability and competitiveness.

Intermittent drying is an effective strategy for improving the drying kinetics, energy consumption as well as, the quality of the dried products. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the period of intermittent drying on the drying kinetics and the induced stresses. To this end, a clay like material is used and by changing the air relative humidity periodically, the stresses induced were determined. Parameters variation with moisture and temperature are considered in modeling. Good agreement between experimental and simulation variables results reveals that the model developed is valid and accurate. Simulation results suggest that the drying rate should be kept at its minimum at the stage of disruption of hydraulic continuity. Due to the gradual disruption of capillary tubes in transition period, the part is affected gradually, and this necessitates the possible crack deformation points of the part to be sought simultaneously. Also, the current work studied the magnitude of each of stresses induced by non-uniform moisture distribution and stresses induced by non-uniform temperature distribution. It is shown that the thermal stresses are negligible compared to the moisture stresses and can be neglected in drying modeling.

Tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) is a plant with piscicidal and fertilizing properties.

In this study the effect of different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100mg/l) of hydro-alcoholic extracts of tobacco has been examined on different tissues of Rainbow trout.

Samples from liver, kidney and gill of Rainbow trout were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and studied under light microscopy.

Various histopathological lesions were observed in the liver of Rainbow trout exposed to different concentrations of tobacco. The results showed that with increase in concentrations of tobacco up to 10 and 100mg/l, bloodshed increased and hepatocytes lost their continuity and showed discontinuity mood. Lamellar aneurysm, bleeding and leukocytes infiltration, clubbing at the end of the lamellae, hyperplasia of secondary lamellar epithelium, epithelial lifting of secondary lamellae and creating an edematous space, lamellar shortening, vacuolation and lamellar fusion were the more abundant branchial lesions after exposure to tobacco. Separating the epithelium from basement membrane, hypertrophy, glomerular capillary dilation and tubular degeneration were observed in renal tissues in all treatments. At higher concentrations of tobacco (10 and 100mg/l), renal tubular necrosis was also observed. According to the results liver of rainbow trout showed a few histopathological alteration following exposure to tobacco extracts. Unlike the liver, gills of rainbow trout due to direct contact with pollutants showed more lesions.

Tobacco extract has more pathological effects on gills in comparison with liver and kidney of Rainbow trout due to direct contact with the dissolved pollutant.

In this article, the nonlinear controller design of a hypothetical air vehicle using model-free adaptive control method is presented. The progress of industries in the last decade leads devices and processes to be more complicated and larger. For that reason one of the main problems of industries is modeling of these devices and processes that most of the industries are using PID controller because of simplicity, no need to any design and low computation. One of the solutions of problems caused by modeling is using data-driven control methods that control systems only with online data of the system is model-free adaptive control. This method has unique features that make it preferable from other data-driven methods like, no need to system identification, online estimation of parameters and condition of the system, simple and adaptive structure, low computation than other online methods and independency from the structure and dynamics of the system. In this article, simulate three forms of this method applied to pitch channel of a hypothetical air vehicle have implement and compared with PID controller. Comparison of The stability of this controller and PID applied with input noise and uncertainties to the system has done and finally for industrialization , system with first order actuator is considered. The obtained results demonstrate that the full form of model-free adaptive control has so much better response than PID.

Drying represents one of the oldest unit operations employed in industrial processes. Drying is viewed as a process of simultaneous heat and mass transfer. Porous Clay-like material undergoes stresses due to non-uniform distribution of temperature and moisture induced by heat and mass transfer respectively. The aim of this work is to simulate the stresses induced by heat and mass transfer during drying. A mathematical model to simulate the convective drying of a porous material like clay has been developed. The problem investigated involves highly coupled equations considering heat, mass, and mechanical aspects. The particularity of the model is that it takes into account the strong coupling between mass transport, heat transport and mechanical behavior of the material. The variables of coupling are the solid deformation, moisture content and temperature of porous medium. A numerical solution is sought to foresee the variation of moisture content, temperature, shrinkage, heat transfer induced stresses and mass transfer induced stresses during drying. The solution developed as a model is capable of predicting the quality of the product through a failure criterion. The model is validated through the comparison of simulated and experimental data. Simulation results show that the heat transfer induced stresses are significantly less important in compression with the mass transfer induced stresses and can be neglected in modeling of drying process.

Drying process is one of the intensive energy operations in many industries such as tile and clay brick manufacturing industries. Cracking as a result of non-uniform deformation is one of defects that may occur during drying making the dried products useless. Intermittent drying is an effective strategy for improving the drying kinetics and the quality of the dried parts. Proper selection of intermittent drying parameters including the period, amplitude and the start time of variation are the main challenge in the drying. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the period of temperature variation on the drying kinetics and induced stresses in the intermittent drying of clay like material. 3D modeling and simulation of continues and intermittent drying has been done by using finite element method. Moisture and thermal stresses are compared with each other. The good agreement between experiments and the simulation results revealed that the model developed is valid and accurate. Simulation results show that the stresses induced by drying heavily influenced by the frequency of variation. The change of the Frequency variations depending on the material properties and sample dimensions can decrease/increase the drying induced stresses. Intermittent drying has a different effect on the different points of the samples. Hence, the points susceptible to crack formation must be investigated simultaneously. The thermal stresses are negligible compared to the moisture stresses and can be neglected in drying modeling.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of tobacco extract on rainbow trout. According to studies, has been investigated more on harmful effects of tobacco and their compounds on human and less attention has been paid to beneficial use in industries. This study can be considered as a first step in the identification and development of tobacco beneficial use in other industries. Acute toxicity test was carried out in static condition according to the O.E.C.D standard method for 4 days and physicochemical parameters of water were controlled including pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature. Thirty trout with an average weight of 5 ± 0.02 g were stocked in each treatment. After obtaining a lethal concentration range, the final treatments was carried out with five treatments to determine the lethal concentration (LC50 96 h). Quantitative results were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and Probit statistical method with a confidence level of 95%. The lethal concentration of (LC50 96 h) tobacco extract for rainbow trout was 3.55 mg per liter and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) be the equivalent of 0.35 mg per liter. Concentration of 0.01 LC50 96h recommended as safe level for aquaculture. While in the current study, concentration of 0.03 mg per liter is recommended for the rearing of rainbow trout larvae. It is recommended to use an aqueous extract of tobacco in low concentrations in trout farms, and according to the findings, also suggest non-toxic, effective and maximum allowable concentration of 0.03 mg per liter for safe use on farms.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of inner layer of Oak fruit (Jaft) (Q. brantii) extracts to Lactococcus garvieae. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Jaft were obtained by soaking method. Antibacterial studies were performed using disk diffusion and well method. The ethanolic extract had a potent inhibition zone with the diameter of 7.72±0/64 mm in disc diffusion assay. Also, aqueous extract of Jaft showed antibacterial effect against L. garvieae with the inhibition zones of 7.12±0/83 mm in well assay. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts were 0.75 and 1.5 mg.ml−1, respectively. There was a significant difference (P

Drying of porous materials is a critical step in the production of many products such as ceramics, brick and tile. Quality of dried product is severity influenced by drying processes. The aim of the present work is modeling of convection drying of a ceramic by using diffusion model. Material properties changes such as Young's modulus and shrinkage factor to moisture content are considered in simulation. Both two and three dimensional configurations have been investigated. The model is solved numerically by a finite element method. A significant difference was observed between the results obtained for the two different configurations particularly in the intensity of the drying-induced stresses. Validation of results is achieved by comparing the numerical and experimental results. The effect of Young's modulus variation has been investigated. It was observed that drying-induced stresses are highly affected by Young's modulus variations. According to the results, none of the simulation methods, cannot be regarded as a safer method in crack prediction. The changes in Young's modulus, Has no effect on the location of maximum stress However, delays in the timing of it.

The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal concentration (LC50 96h) of copper sulfate in rainbow trout fingerlings (10.0±0.39 g). Acute static toxicity test was performed based on the standard O.E.C.D. using rainbow trout fingerlings in 96 hours. In experiments the toxicity range of copper sulfate on fish, was 1 up to 1000 mg.L-1. Within 24 to 96 hours, mortality was increased with increasing concentrations of copper sulfate. LC50 48h has decreased in compare with LC50 24h. Lethal concentration at 72 hours showed a significant reduction compared to both 24h and 48h. Lethal concentrations of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 10, 8.37, 4.79 and 0.96 mg.mL-1, respectively. Since the toxicity is determined according to the LC50 96h, copper sulfate is very toxic for rainbow trout.

Having a glance at the archaeological data in North West of Iran during prehistoric era, we can see that most studies in the area focused on the edge of Urmia Lake. Unfortunately, most of the studies which have been done in the North West are related to the Bronze Age and later periods, and fewer studies have been done on the Chalcolithic period. Moreover, most of the information published about this area, is related to the same time periods. There is little information about Dalma Period and related publications do not exceed the fingers of one hand. For this reason, most researchers, due to the complexity and lack of knowledge about this period, refer to it as Wonder Period. In particular, Dalma period and the area of its development are surprising and noteworthy for them. One of the shortcomings is Dalma pottery. In this article, we review the Dalma pottery in the regions of East and West Azarbaijan and Kermanshah to provide a rather clear picture of Dalma pottery tradition. Generally, Dalma pottery is classified as four categories which probabely have specific functions depending on their coverage and form.

One of the periods and culture in northwest of Iran which is of little attention is the period of Chalcolithic and Dalma pottery tradition. Unfortunately our information about this period is so slight and it is limited to some brief essays and reports. This pottery tradition have relatively vast extension basin from northwest to central Zagros, and it includes painted, manipulated decoration (Incised, Impressed, Punched and Adjunct), plain pottery with red slip. It seems that painted potteries are the continuation of previous period, Hjifiruz, and potteries with manipulated decoration don’t have any record in the area and probably entered this area from another area. Unluckily, although various models and views about the extension of Dalma tradition has been presented, there is no information about how it has been extended. Has the extension of this pottery been occurred by the migrations or nomad? Has the transmission of Lightness The idea been influential in the meantime or other factors? This obscurity still remains in force because of the lack of accurate territorial and extraterritorial investigations.

Sakiabad is one of the most important sites in the Choqakhor pond’s basin which show remains of nomadic settlement in the Chalcolithic period. Salvage excavation was carried out for two months during autumn and winter of 2011. By digging of five trenches10×10 m، one of the nomadic settlements was exposed with mud and stone architecture made from the local materials in the region. Exposed space architectures in the site are similar to ‘nomad’s Vargah’ (residence of nomads) that an example of it is remained in 400 m south of the sites at the slope of Kelar mountain. The present article describes the excavation processes، findings and relative chronology of Sakiabad site.

Antioxidant and antibacterial potential of hydro-alcoholic extracts of 3 marine green, brown and red algae species were investigated.According to the Trolex antioxidant potential test, Entreromorpha intestinalis (green algae) and Gracilaria corticata (red algae) showed the highest and the lowest amounts of total phenol and the best antioxidant activity, respectively. In this test, the most inhibitory percent were calculated in green algae and the lowest percent were from Cystoseiramyrica (brown algae). According to the Azinobis ethyl thiazolinesolphonic test (ABTS, 50mg/ml), green algae and brown algae showed the highest and the lowest amounts of total phenol and the best antioxidant activity, respectively. Hydro-alcoholic extracts from these different species had no antibacterial effect on two species of bacteria, which were tested in this study.