فهرست مطالب mohsen miri

Today, organizations experience complex and unpredictable changes and crises around them. In this situation, in order to achieve innovation and optimal conditions in complex environments, it seems necessary to go towards flexible and agile solutions. The agility of business processes in complex and dynamic conditions. In this regard, the main goal of this study is the systematic structuring of the problem of agility in business processes, one of the most important requirements of which is the use of research approaches in soft operations in the direction of the systematic structuring of the problem.

In this research, first by using the steps of meta-combination technique and then with the help of semi-structured interview tools, a sample of 18 experts, who are university professors and experts active in the field of process management, as well as people who have experience in the fields of related to the improvement of work systems and processes in different organizations, were selected, which were selected through a targeted non-random method and snowball method. In the next step of the research, the ISM approach was used to explain the communication pattern of managing agile organizational processes, which was collected with the help of a questionnaire. Finally, the data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed using the Interpretive Rating Process

Based on the answers to the questions asked in this research, first after going through the stages of synthesis and completing the required data throaugh interaction with experts, a general framework of 17 main variables was obtained. The components of the proposed main framework include appropriate culture, process leadership, process governance, human resources, technological infrastructure and organization structure as system enablers, The strategize based on improvisation, creative stability, dynamic adaptability, organizational learning and environmental understanding as capabilities of the system, continuous control and monitoring of processes, process quality management, integration of knowledge management with organizational processes and Making the components of the process management life cycle more efficient are the basic actions and measures and finally the improvement of quantitative and qualitative indicators as the result of the system. In the following, according to the conceptual framework of ISM, empowering and empowering indicators were classified into four levels. In the next step, the indicators were prioritized through the interpretive ranking process. According to the findings obtained from the research and based on ISM, the technology infrastructure component was considered as an important enabler at the highest level. According to this analysis, information technology with an influence that affects all variables including process culture, manpower and appropriate structure. organization, it strengthens the spirit of learning and transformation, teamwork and partnership in the organization and provides the basis for continuous growth of employees. Also, according to the findings of the interpretative ranking process, the leadership of the processes was given the first priority.

The results showed that IT infrastructure should be considered as an important variable in the agility system of business processes. On the other hand, according to the external performance variables expected from the implementation of the agile system in the management of processes, the process leadership component dominates the technology infrastructure enabler based on all the expected performance variables (except gaining a competitive advantage). Therefore, the organizations that want to be agile in their process management system should pay attention to the characteristics of leadership in the processes in the first place. After that, the results showed that environmental awareness, knowledgeable and competent human resources, organizational learning dimension, contingent and appropriate structures, governance, improvisation-based strategy-making, technological infrastructure, dynamic adaptation, culture and creative sustainability are prioritized respectively. The following should be considered.

The lack of correct relationship between the university and the external environment (including society, industry, government, etc.) has been and is one of the current social issues of universities. The purpose of this research is to identify and modeling of different dimensions of relationship between the university and the environment, as components of a general ecosystem. We study the relationship of the university with the external environment from an ecosystemic perspective to discover the dimentions of this relationship, means that when the university wants to function as an organ in the knowledge-policy ecosystem of any society and respond to their needs by forming a productive relationship with stakeholders, what dimensions should it pay attention to and what is the relation of these dimensions together. In order to answer this questions and reach a framework of the model, after studying the literature, by the expert interview and using the grounded theory method, the general framework of the ecosystem relationship of a university with the external environment was extracted in the form of a coordinate construction with three axes of causality (why), quality (how) and nature (what). Then, for validity of the findings, once again, using the interpretive structural modeling method and the use of codes extracted from the GT, experts' opinions were taken, and by performing ISM, it was determined that the main nature of the university's communication consists of it. The projection of the university as an internal or external organity of the country has a fundamental effect on the design of the university as a component in the ecosystem.

Technology transfer means connecting the university to organizations, industries, government, society and other external service sectors, in order to present and supply the knowledge and technology produced in the university for use by users and to solve social problems, it is always one of the most discussed and challenging issues of universities and It has been communities. This issue has seen different periods. In this research, in order to facilitate the communication of Comprehensive university of Imam Hosein (as) with external users and specifically, the organization appropriate to this university, by using the action research method in the panel of experts, the general model of the university's communication ecosystem was extracted and the envisaged mechanisms were put to the challenge of experts' experience. As a result, 13 general mechanisms for technology transfer were extracted and a prospective proposal for university technology transfer mechanism based on three layers of human, process and institutional ecosystem was presented. In this proposal, the technology transfer mechanism based on peer-to-peer informal networking was the focus, and the rest of the other mechanisms are proposed as auxiliary mechanisms of this mechanism.

The main goal of this study is to present a novel model for managing organizational processes possessing the necessary agility in complex situations. One of the most critical requirements of such a model is using systems thinking and a soft operations research approach because the methods introduced in the background to achieve the agility of the process management generally include fragmentary optimization because of the one-dimensional view and the lack of a system view to identifying agility variables in process management.

In this study, an attempt was made to provide a comprehensive model using the interpretative paradigm's capabilities. To this end, the main components were identified using the meta-synthesis technique and interviews with eighteen experts. Further, components were prioritized by using the interpretative ranking process.

The findings show that the process leadership component is given first priority based on the interpretive ranking. Therefore, organizations that want to be agile in their process management system should consider leadership characteristics in processes to implement transformational systems. After that, the results showed that environmental awareness, knowledgeable and competent human resources, organizational learning dimension, contingent and appropriate structures, governance, improvisation-based strategy-making, technological infrastructure, dynamic adaptation, culture, and creative sustainability are prioritized, respectively.

Originality/Value:

 Using soft operations research techniques, including the interpretive ranking process, in designing an agile model for managing business processes will significantly help process organizations in complex and dynamic environments to simultaneously exploit the benefits of stability in managing processes and dynamism coming from being agile.

This research seeks to present a religious model for the concept of organizational agility by analyzing and studying the implications of verses and traditions; Therefore, by reviewing religious sources and verses and hadiths whose meaning has indications of agility, data were identified and analyzed using qualitative research methods and theme analysis tools. The results of the theme analysis process led to the identification of 83 basic themes, which are categorized into 14 organizing themes and the organizing themes themselves under 6 overarching themes under the headings of Jihad work, intelligent planning, holisticism, creating a strategic position. and proactive dealing with the environment, organizational dynamics and work conscience are divided in order to provide an appropriate model of organizational agility based on religious teachings while explaining. At the end of the research, organizational agility forming values ​​including three components of mujahidan effort, trust in divine tradition, and stability and perseverance have been identified, which can be considered as the fundamental values ​​of the organization in achieving optimal agility.

A number of liberal Muslim intellectuals and activists founded the Liberal Islam Network (JIL) in Indonesia following the fall of Suharto as a result of the Asian economic crisis of 1997-1998, followed by political openness and ethnoreligious conflict. JIL was both a continuation and a new version of the current of liberal Islam, a facilitator of the government's secularist tendencies, and an opponent of recent Islamic currents and discourses that JIL described as "extreme, fundamentalist, and radical." Based on liberal values JIL provided a modern interpretation of Islam that was consistent with issues such as the separation of religion from politics, religious pluralism, freedom in the interpretation of religion, and gender equality and then promoted it in Indonesia and gradually became one of the influential intellectual and cultural currents in Indonesia. The present study aims to analyze and critique the intellectual and practical experience of JIL using a descriptive-analytical methodology and library research. This study focuses first on the social context of JIL's emergence and its concerns. Then, the Network's views and method of understanding Islam, its activities, and reactions are considered, and it is stated that, firstly, JIL's views cannot be accepted due to theoretical weaknesses in the method and content as well as unfavorable practical consequences, and secondly, although JIL had a significant impact on the intellectual climate of Indonesia at the time of its founding, this growth did not continue as a result of its extreme attitude toward the Indonesian government. Currently, JIL has little influence on Indonesian society.

The present research sought to extract a model from the knowledge dimension of the innovation system by examining the models and scientific literature about the role of knowledge in the innovation system to be presented in a defense organization and to discover the interactions between the components of the model. This research has been formed in the framework of the interpretative paradigm, with an applied and developmental approach, with a deductive-inductive strategy and a mixed method. The research data was collected in library and field and the sampling method was theoretical. The statistical population of this research was the scientific articles available in the research databases and were reviewed in full. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included experts in the field of innovation and university graduates. In this research, data collection tools, including the review of documents and documents, as well as the input matrix of the DEMATEL method were used in the form of a questionnaire. The research community was reviewed in the qualitative section, including specific scientific documents, using the theoretical sampling method. Also, in the quantitative part of the research community, the experts in this field were considered with the purposeful sampling method. In this research, using the meta-composite approach based on Barroso and Sandlovsky's approach, which includes seven basic steps, and the exploration of past researches, which according to the input criteria include scientific articles with a certain grade and after the year 2000, concepts are extracted and finally The components of the knowledge dimension of the innovation system were identified. These components, which were collected from 48 sources after screening the sources, were extracted in the form of 84 codes, which were placed in ten basic themes. These themes formed the knowledge dimension of the innovation system in the form of three categories of research, learning and knowledge management. In the following, by using the Dimetal method, the method of connecting the components and the interaction between them was investigated among the experts of a military organization. The validity of the research was confirmed in the qualitative part with the critical method and Cohen's kappa, and in the quantitative part by referring to experts. The results showed that the two variables "Preliminaries of learning" and "Protection of knowledge" are known as important players in the set of factors as factors that have the highest total effect and effectiveness (with values of 2.0841 and 1.5240, respectively). Also, two variables "Learning Introduction" and "Training" had the highest net impact value (deduction of impact from effectiveness) in the set of these factors, with values of 0.9726 and 0.2763, respectively. Therefore, these two factors are considered as the most stimulating factors and they need to be taken into consideration in the plans.

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, various experiences in establishing and launching local organizations and institutions emerged from the revolution, such as the Armed Forces of the Islamic Revolution, the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, the Foundation for the Underprivileged, Jihad Sazandgi, etc.Formed. With the expansion of revolutionary groups, institutions, organizations and organizations, the question gradually arose, which model of the mechanisms of organized collective movements is needed in Islamic governance and what is this movement like? This research aims to answer this question in a qualitative and developmental way, and thematic analysis method has been used to analyze the statements of the Supreme Leader. In order to achieve the model of organization of revolutionary institutions based on the thoughts of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, the messages, statements and orders of His Holiness were studied and analyzed until December 1400.First, all the rulings on the appointment of officials and also the rulings on the establishment of revolutionary institutions during the leadership of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution were studied, then the search for the keywords "revolutionary institution", "organization", "structure" in the statements of His Highness, through a search in the Office of Preservation and Publication of Works Ayatollah Grand Ayatollah Khamenei was studied and coded. In the last stage, in order to focus on the organizational model of the revolutionary institution of the armed forces of the Islamic Revolution in the thoughts of His Holiness, all the statements and messages of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution in the gathering of the Guards, Basij and the armed forces during his leadership were studied and analyzed.The results of the research showed that the organization of revolutionary institutions in the thought of His Holiness includes five basic dimensions: external shape (transformative dimension of organization), spiritual shape (fixed dimension of organization), revolutionary order (fixed mechanism and transformation), revolutionary spirit (determination of relation to revolution) and The Jihadi manager is the driving force behind the organization of the revolutionary institution.

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting production growth strategies in Iranian industries. Therefore, at first, the literature on the subject and domestic and foreign research were conducted in depth to extract the basic principles and previous studies on the extraction of key factors during library studies. Then, a questionnaire including 18 indicators affecting production growth strategies was provided to the members of the expert group. 10 experts were asked to rate each indicator on a scale of 1 to 5 Likert. Then the average scores of each index were calculated. If the average index score is less than 3, it will be deleted. The results showed the confirmation of 15 indicators. The ISM interaction network was then identified using the ISM technique. The research model consisted of 5 levels, the fifth level in which the strategy of improving the production planning system (C3) is the most effective level and the level 1 in which there are 5 strategies is the most effective level.At the end, some appropriate implications have been presented.

The human resources (elites and specialists) of any country are its most valuable national wealth because the elites achieve development in the shortest possible time. The main purpose of this research is to design a systematic model for attracting and using top talents in a defense organization and for this purpose, a qualitative research method has been used. This research, in terms of the type of applied goal, is of the qualitative method, in terms of the exploratory nature. Necessary information was collected through library studies, document review and in-depth interviews with 11 organizational and academic experts. The statistical population of the study includes academic and organizational experts in the field of human resources and in order to select the sample, the snowball sampling method has been used until the time of theoretical saturation. In order to analyze the data, a systematic approach and content analysis method (content network) have been used. The designed model shows that the inputs of the system of attracting and using top talents include mission, rules, material resources, strategies and policies, analysis and design of appropriate jobs, structure and attitude, and processes include the method of identifying and attracting, Assessment methods, examinations, training methods and how to use; And the output includes individual, organizational and extra-organizational consequences.

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting production growth strategies in Iranian industries. Therefore, at first, the literature on the subject and domestic and foreign research were conducted in depth to extract the basic principles and previous studies on the extraction of key factors during library studies. Then, a questionnaire including 18 indicators affecting production growth strategies was provided to the members of the expert group. 10 experts were asked to rate each indicator on a scale of 1 to 5 Likert. Then the average scores of each index were calculated. If the average index score is less than 3, it will be deleted. The results showed the confirmation of 15 indicators. The ISM interaction network was then identified using the ISM technique. The research model consisted of 5 levels, the fifth level in which the strategy of improving the production planning system (C3) is the most effective level and the level 1 in which there are 5 strategies is the most effective level.At the end, some appropriate implications have been presented.

At some point in history, Indonesia has faced a crisis of violent clashes between followers of different religions and ethnicities, sometimes leading to the death and displacement of significant numbers of citizens. As one of Indonesia's leading cultural elite and thinkers Dr. Nurcholish Madjid has tried to find a way out of this crisis.This article intends to study and analyze his intellectual experience on religious pluralism with a library and descriptive-analytical method to review his plan, which has been formed by using Islamic principles as well as modern values, and its goal is to end the conflict and realization of peaceful coexistence in Indonesia.This research first examines the historical context of the confrontation and challenge between the followers of religions and sects, especially Muslims and Christians, then, while stating the purpose of Nurcholish Madjid from the religious pluralism idea, deals with the main principles and components of this plan and in the end will analyze and critique these views.

Abstract Today, organizations have put agility on their agenda to respond to environmental complexities. Industrial research centers are no exception and their optimal performance requires dynamism and mobility in the face of environmental changes. The present study aims to provide a model for improving agility in industrial research centers in the field of defense. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of the nature of the data. Data were collected through interviews with research experts familiar with the organization under study. Sampling was done by snowball method and to the point of achieving theoretical saturation, which was achieved by interviewing fifteen selected members of the statistical population. The data were analyzed using the emerging approach of data-based theory, in which 796 open codes were extracted in the process of this analysis, and 36 concepts were extracted by applying axial coding, and finally these concepts were classified into 7 categories. Categories include Agility Trustee, Agile Scholars, Agile Manager, Agile Structure, Agile Process, Agile Organizational Culture, and Maturity of Industrial Research Ecosystem. This pattern overlaps in some respects with common theories, but concepts such as agility trustee and ecosystem maturity can be considered as its innovations. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that agility is a consequence of the system at different levels of maturity that is relevant in different areas of the organization and its structural or process cutting is not possible.

The gap between the academic atmosphere of universities and the requirements of the related organizations has always made important challenges for organizational universities. Moreover, faculty members, as the heart of the universities and the main factor of achieving organization goals, have always been considered as the main concentration of higher education administrators. The main problem and challenge of this study is the mismatch between the abilities, activities and outputs of the faculty members with the requirements of the reference organizations. As the evidences confirmed the presence of complicated problems, the researchers decided to select problem-oriented narrative method to understand the status quo of the organization being studied and suggest solutions to improve the situation. Hence, the internal understanding of the main actors is carried out through a phenomenological approach, and the behaviors, structures and ideas of each of them are extracted, and the common world among them is identified. In the next step, the researchers propose the narrative presentation of the problem through a critical perspective by the collected data. In the first phase, three main actors (faculty members, university administrators, and deputies and managers of the reference organization) were identified. In the second step, 25 people who were involved in the problem were identified and in-depth interviews were done with them resulting in the identification of the common world among the main actors being presented in the form of a three-layered model. Having fulfilled the external understanding and having discovered the blind spots, the researchers narrated the problems in the last phase. Finally, suggestions were presented for improving the situation.

One of the most prominent elements in achieving a standard university for Islamic revolution is by means of faculty members and professors by this standard. In this respect, the present article has covered the design of the system for development and excellence of faculty members of a standard university for Islamic revolution in case of the intended university. For this purpose, soft systems methodology approach has been employed. According to this methodology, the status of the problem is revealed in the first step, and in the second step, it is elucidated by the researcher and it also is depicted using causal loops. In “root definition” section (third step), distinct benefactors, audience, and owners are out-looked, conversion process and constraints are determined, and in the fourth step the intervention manner in the status of the problem is presented in form of a three-layered pattern, which consist of series of canonical measures for development and excellence (first layer), changes in leadership structures and style (second layer), and also in the epistemic system, the images and assumptions of the actors (third layer). Finally, a conceptual model has been presented to implement the system of development and excellence of faculty members. The described model leads to empowerment and preparation of the professors and the creation of the transcendental formation (transcendental images and incentives, sense of identity, dignity, etc.) in them so that they can best serve the roles of a faculty member of a standard university for Islamic revolution

Women frequently experience perineal damage after a vaginal delivery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of perineal massage (PM) during labor on the need for episiotomies.

The study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted with 99 patients (n=49 controls; n=50 cases). Participants comprised of nulliparous pregnant women aged from 18 to 35 years in the 37th-42nd week of gestation, who referred to the Um-al-Banin Hospital of Mashhad from July to October 2018, for vaginal delivery and were in the active stage of labor. Allocation to study groups was based on a random allocation list generated by a software application. PM was performed for the cases in the active stage four times, each lasting for two minutes at intervals of half an hour. The massage was continued at the beginning of the second stage of labor for ten minutes. Control women received routine care. The delivery was practiced by a midwife who was blinded to the study groups and the performance or non-performance of massage. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16.

The need for episiotomy was significantly lower in the PM group than in the control group
(p = 0.05). Spontaneous perineal tears were significantly higher in mothers of the PM group (p = 0.05. The spontaneous tear degree in the 20 mothers who did not require episiotomy (p = 0.5) and the degree of perineal tear in mothers who needed an episiotomy (n = 79; p = 0.1) were not significantly different in the two groups. In the PM group members who did not require episiotomy (n = 14) and the mother underwent a spontaneous tear, first-degree tears were more frequent than second-degree ones. The median duration of the active stage of labor until the stage completion was lower in the PM group than in the control group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.3). The median of the second stage duration in the control and intervention groups were 55 and 45 minutes, respectively, where the difference was significant (p = 0.002), and the median time of completion of the active stage until delivery in the PM group had reduced.

PM had a significant impact on the reduction of the need for episiotomies and the duration of the second stage of labor. Thus, it can be suggested as a safe, simple, low-cost, and effective technique to reduce the perineal damage during delivery.

Promoting policy is one of the most important challenges for the country's policy-making system and has imposed huge costs on the authorities. A historical study can conclude that waqf, as one of the traditions endorsed by the Holy Qur'an, has high capacities and capabilities to institutionalize, maintain and expand self-regulation based self-knowledge that can be considered a successful model of the policy cycle. In this research, in addition to the historical-analytical study of waqf and its role in the formation of Islamic civilization, it was recognized based on interviews with experts using the content analysis method of model promotion and policy dissemination in waqf. In the final model, the components of diffusion in endowment formulation (endowment) are introduced based on four components of sustainable public need, individual-transition policy, trust management, network support, and objectivity along with reliability and visibility.

The purpose of this study is to present a model for formulating organizational systems. For this research, a value-based, military organization was selected and studied using qualitative Content Analysis Method. At the first step, the characteristics of desirable systems were determined from the perspective of the senior executives of the organization. Next, 12 professional and academic experts were selected and interviewed using judgmental and snowball sampling. They were asked to describe the basics of system design based on their characteristics. Interviews were analyzed based on qualitative Content Analysis Method. Finally, 173 codes, 12 categories, and 3 themes were extracted which altogether form the ecosystem of systems. Based on the research findings, the interaction and synergy between the three environmental, formalistic, and thematic dimensions of the systems, which extracted as three main themes, improve the systems’ functionality and add value to them.

As a traditional-revealed knowledge, fiqh deals with stipulating the duties of the religiously accountable individuals (Mokallaf) and examines individual and social norms. Of course, in addition to the Quran and Sunnah, intellect and consensus are also used in this knowledge. In addition, Shi'i fiqh is a dynamic fiqh, which is in accordance with social conditions and a function of time and space, and thus has the ability to fulfill the changing needs of individuals and societies. This flexibility does not mean ignoring the constant divine rules or secularization. Rather, since divine rules are subject-oriented, and the transformation or removal of a barrier or the fulfillment of conditions in the course of time either remove phenomena from the status of a jurisprudential ruling, or classify them under a jurisprudential ruling, it becomes harder to understand such changes in social issues, and this can lead to petrification and stagnation. After the Islamic Revolution and the activation of fiqh in social areas, it is necessary to examine the impact of society on fiqh. Imam Khomeini's jurisprudential school is important because by drawing attention to the element of time, place and expediency, that are the cause of change in ijtihad, he highlighted the impact of social conditions on understanding the fiqh rulings and determining their instances.

The contemporary era has been called the information age and information explosion, which is associated with turbulent and complex environments. The complexity of inter-organizational and extra-organizational environments has increased the need for information and consequently, information systems. The purpose of the research is to identify and rank barriers to cultural information management at the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. This is an applied and descriptive research that is used survey method for gathering data. The statistical sample is consisted of 30 experts in the field of cultural management and information management, especially in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance that are chosen by purposive sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by using the content validity method and with the opinion of the supervisors and consultants and several authoritative writers in the field of information management and cultural management after the implementation of limited modifications. To measure the reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire after the distribution of the test was measured through Cronbach's alpha, which was 0.91. In order to analyze inferential, several methods such as single sample T test and Friedman test were used. The results of Friedman test showed that there is a significant difference between the rankings of barriers of cultural information management. On the other hand, "weakness in content management" with an average of 8.46, was the most important obstacle to the management of cultural information in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance from the viewpoint of respondents.

Throughout history, the most fundamental issue that the divine prophets have tried to invite people to is the principle of monotheism and denial of polytheism (Shirk). Among these efforts are the rational approaches of the Prophet Ibrahim (AS) reflected in the Holy Quran. He drew on an argument to disapprove the divinity of the stars, moon, and so on and prove the divine monotheism while facing the polytheists of his time. The argument has received a variety of explanations. One of these explanations finds the reference of the argument in the Argument of Temporal Beginning, (Burhān-e Ḥudūth). However, this explanation has been criticized by some scholars. Using a documentary-analytic-inferential method, this research first explains the above argument and the scholar's criticisms and then reviews the criticisms. Finally, it provides a new explanation for the above argument, referring the concept of "decline" to "the essential need and existential poverty" so as to account for the criticisms

This study was aimed to determine the best conditions for producing the bleachable pulp from Populus deltoids. The wood species from Dr. Behramnia research forest located in Shastkalat region in Goragan were obtained. The wood obtained were turned in wood chips, air dried and their moisture content was determined and finally used for preparation Kraft pulp. The cooking conditions were l/w: 6/1, temperature 170 °C, sulfidity 25%, 18 and 20 % active Alkali (AA) charge and cooking time 60, 90 and 120 minutes for produced bleachable pulp with yield near 50% and kappa number between 15 to 20. The kraft pulp with cooking conditions: AA 20%, time 60 min, sulfidity 25%, L/W: 6/1 and temperature 170°C from between taken various cooking was chosen. The yield 49.66%, Kappa number 15.2, degree of polymerization 1700 and brightness for unbleached pulp was 38.22 % ISO.

Today، reuse recycled paper as one of the ways to supplying cellulosic raw materials for pulp and paper industry has been seriously considered. due to presence of contaminant such as adhesives and printing ink، optical and mechanical properties of recycled paper considerably reduced. However، using the method of deinking the properties of a drop can be prevented. On the other hand، because of the problems in this method، such as darkening of the pulp in an alkaline environment and increased effluent load to Cause limitations in using this method. Now، neutral deinking is as an alternative to alkaline deinking is introduced in the world. This paper will examine the advantages and limitations of this method. Overall، neutral deinking because of the reduced use of chemicals، resulting in significant savings in production costs and and the environment due to the elimination of sodium hydroxide، reduce COD and BOD values effluent mills. In addition، Reducing substances soluble dissolve in the paper in water process، resulting in increased yield and reduced yellowing of mechanical fibers pulp.

As an essential subject in anthropology and thus ontology, fitrah (nature) has been fervently addressed in the Holy Qur’an. Therefore, the study of fitrah and its personal and social aspects and roles from the Qur’an’s viewpoint is essential to the Islamization of knowledge and human life. The present paper analyzes the content and connotations of Āye-e Fitrah (Verse of Nature) in order to find a solution for the crisis, concerns, and problems presently plaguing the international community.