mohsen rafieian

Innovation is very important in strengthening transregional networks. Innovative regional networks can establish strong connections with extra-regional networks by using the approaches of connecting rural areas. The unexpected situation around which this research was formed is that in the area of Semirom city, despite the many possibilities that exist for the formation of a regional innovative network, this region has not been able to form any network around regional innovation, including the network Achieve social innovation. The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges of social innovation networks with the approach of linking rural areas with trans-regional networks, the main question is that the key challenges are the barriers to the creation of innovative social networks as well as companies. What are social? This article intends to investigate the challenges of innovative rural networks by analyzing the qualitative content based on semi-structured interviews with experts in this field. The qualitative research method is exploratory based on semi-structured interviews with local officials and experts of regional planning and rural development. In data analysis, research findings were presented using the qualitative content analysis of the interviews, using the MAXQDA software. The results indicate that the rural areas of Semirom have infrastructural, managerial and economic weaknesses and the lack of participation of the people in the development of the village is also one of the important challenges, which is due to the distrust of the people towards the local officials and also the tribalism in this region. Regions have been created. In the rural areas of Semirom, it is possible to develop and create innovative social networks by using agricultural extension engineering companies that operate under the supervision of Jihad Keshavarzi, because they have a mechanism close to the social companies examined in theoretical foundations.

The dynamic and rapid growth of urbanization and, as a result, the physical changes in cities have led to many challenges and problems. Physical development is manifested in varied forms, ranging from scattered to dense and intelligent. Each form of development has its advantages and disadvantages. Accordingly, without proper planning and consideration of the existing context, unmanaged city growth can cause direct and indirect harm to the urban environment, with citizens and resources being the primary victims and potential future heritage. Iranian cities have also contributed to this global experience based on many variables, such as demographic, social, and economic movements. In the meantime, the historical city of Yazd, as a precious legacy of its predecessors, has experienced a coherent and sustainable form of development by relying on creativity and initiative. The physical structure has been transformed into different types in the last few decades. Continuing this situation not only disrupts the city’s physical cohesion but also exacerbates the economic, social, and legal issues. Therefore, the present research seeks to answer whether the findings of different models in the analysis of the physical development pattern in Yazd City yield a unified result or deviate from one another.

The current research is an applied research in terms of purpose and adopts a descriptive-analytical approach. The data and information required for analysis in the research have been collected through bibliographic and field studies. Aligned with the research objectives, the study employs quantitative analytical models, namely Shannon entropy, Heldren, Moran’s coefficient, and a comparison of filled and empty urban land. Additionally, multi-time satellite images have been incorporated to analyze the data and investigate the physical development pattern of the city.

In this research, various quantitative analytical models such as Shannon’s entropy (2006-2021), Heldren’s (1996-2016), Moran’s coefficient (2006-2016), comparison of full and empty urban land (1398) and multi-temporal satellite images in the period 1990-2000-2013 and 2021 have been used to study the physical development pattern of the city. The results of the study of the city’s physical development using multi-temporal satellite images in 1990-2000-2013-2021 indicate a 71.46% growth of the city during these 31 years. Contrasting Shannon’s entropy model between 1385 and 1400 reveals the city’s dispersed growth over the 15-year period. In accordance with Heldron’s model, using 1345 as the starting point and 2016 as the endpoint, it is observed that 59% of the overall physical development or city size increase is attributed to population growth, while the remaining 41% is linked to the scattered development of the city. The findings from the comparison of Moran’s coefficient in 2006 and 2016 indicate a shift in the spatial distribution pattern of Yazd city’s population density, transitioning from a random pattern to a scattered one. Additionally, when evaluating the ratio of dense tissue area to the total city size in Yazd (coefficient 0.015), the comparison reveals that the growth rate of the city area corresponds proportionally to the growth rate of the population during the specified period.

The results of all these methods indicate that the city of Yazd experiences scattered and unbalanced physical development. According to the results of the study, Yazd City is located in an area where the town’s per capita services and facilities are high, with a large volume of services that can serve twice its population. Examining the results, it becomes evident that in Yazd City, the speed of inactive urban levels increases in favor of the active groups as one moves from the central area to the surrounding regions. These functional levels not only exhibit significant potential for internal development but also present a viable option to prevent the sprawling expansion of the city.

Metropolises are evaluated with different indicators, but the indicators used in the rating systems are not indigenous and have never been looked from Islamic point of view. It seems that the Islamic approach can be a suitable basis for ranking cities. This research was developed with the aim of searching for a theoretical model explaining the ranking of cities from the perspective of Iranian-Islamic thought and seeking answers to questions such as what is the conceptual model explaining city ranking from the perspective of the Iranian-Islamic city.For this purpose, researchers have used various quantitative and qualitative methods such as interviews, questionnaires, qualitative analysis and secondary data analysis. In order to verify the model, structured and semi-structured interviews and Max Kyuda software were used. The community of experts and professionals includes 25 philosophers and specialists in the field of Islamic urban planning.Two categories of factors can be identified in the conceptual model of urban ranking, horizontal and vertical factors.The first category are the factors that create the biological and spatial quality of people in every context and are used in conventional ranking indices.Meanwhile, the second part, i.e. the vertical factors, have secondary, valuable and implicit content and include rating indicators corresponding to the Iranian-Islamic thought. These factors are like warp and weft that can turn the city rating indexing device into a tent. It seems that the horizontal factors determine the explicit and universal content, and the vertical factors based on the framework of thought have a greater contribution to the implicit and value judgments of the ranking indicators. It provides an inference model of horizontal and vertical factors shaping the conceptual model of urban ranking. According to this model, the components of faith, perfection and happiness and the journey to God along with remembrance, attention and worship are among the vertical factors of the superiority of one city or biological complex over another.Originating from vertical factors, five pillars of Iranian Muslim citizen (intellectual-ideological aspect and subsistence aspect), citizen interactions, city interactions and city context can be identified.The results indicate the effectiveness of the tent model on the pillars and components and indicators of urban ranking. The first pillar; the intellectual-ideological aspect of the Iranian Muslim citizen includes 2 categories (reminding and awareness, explanation jihad, spirituality and ethics, and scientific jihad), the second pillar; the livelihood of Iranian Muslim citizens includes 3 categories (salary, productivity and economic prosperity, health and lifestyle), the third pillar; citizen interactions with each other include 4 categories (nation solidarity and socio-political interactions, Islamic justice and governance, identity and dignity, family dignity and privacy, and the general level of satisfaction of citizens with the city), the fourth pillar; city interactions (interaction with others, Iranian Muslims in the national and international arena) including 2 categories (national and international relations and tourism and independence and synergy with other metropolises) and the fifth pillar; the bed of the city (the city, the arena of excellence of citizens) includes 5 categories (accessibility, naturalism, habitation, public spaces and resilience)

Gardens and agricultural lands play a significant role in the life of cities; So that urban planners adopt different methods to preserve these lands. One of the efficient methods is the "transfer of development rights" method. The problem of the research is the unexpected conditions that indicate the lack of use, feasibility and application of new ideas such as the transfer of development rights despite their availability and why this method has not found a suitable place in the literature of urban management in Iran. Therefore, the aim is to provide an answer for how to use the approach of transferring the development rights of gardens and agricultural lands in Torgahbeh city, as well as to identify areas prone to receive development rights based on effective parameters. In terms of the method, the purpose of the research is descriptive and its results are applied in the study sample. The method used in this research was in the section of gathering information and compiling the theoretical bases of documents, and then using the AHP method and obtaining the opinions of experts, the weights of the indicators were calculated and the desired findings were obtained; Then the results have been analyzed using ARC GIS software and its analytical plugins. The results indicate that in the sending areas of the indicators of the annual harvest of all types of basic products in the city, the percentage of residents' participation and the price of agricultural land have the highest value compared to other indicators for selecting areas. Also, among the indicators of receiving regions, infrastructure indicators such as water, electricity and gas are the most important, and besides them, the profit-to-cost ratio and land price are also important, and they should be taken into account when choosing and carrying out the development right transfer program.

Globalization process and rapid urban expansion have affected the historical fabrics causing forgetfulness and physical-functional worn-out fabrics. Therefore, the present study aims to identify drivers affecting the sustainable development of the world heritage area of Yazd City and investigate how these factors affect each other. Hence, this is applied research in terms of objective and an analytical-exploratory study in terms of method. Data were collected through the documentary-survey method. Moreover, the variables identified through brainstorming, literature review, studied upstream documents, field reviews, and interviews with experts were integrated, scrutinized, and then vague options were removed. Finally, 23 factors were introduced as the sustainable development drivers of the world heritage of Yazd in sociocultural, economic, physical-functional, and managerial-organizational scopes. Ultimately, the identified 23 factors were evaluated using the Delphi technique based on the opinions of 15 experts and elites through the MICMAC Software. The results of variables’ dispersion in influence and dependence diagrams through MICMAC Software indicated system stability. In the end, 10 key factors were identified with the strongest influence scores and 10 key factors with the strongest dependence. In terms of direct and indirect influence and dependence, seven key factors were identified as future development drivers for the historical fabric of Yazd. Managerial policies, social security, and well-being, rules, and regulations, incentive policies, tourism services' status, investment rate, public and private sector, diverse job opportunities, coordination between organizations, awareness level, urban management specialty, and upstream plans were respectively the most strategic factors for sustainable development of the historical fabric of Yazd.

Tourism activity greatly affects the economies of different countries and in this regard, it is important to identify the factors affecting tourism development. In the present study, due to the potential that the golden triangle of tourism in Isfahan, Fars and Yazd has for tourism development, it has been selected as a case study to identify the key indicators affecting its tourism development with a future research approach.

Methodology/approach: 

The present study is an applied research that has been done by using library studies, interviews and questionnaires with experts and professionals familiar with the topics of tourism and futures research and with the help of Micmac software. For this purpose, first 33 primary factors affecting tourism development were identified using library studies and interviews with experts, and then by forming a matrix of cross-effects and using the opinions of respondents and using Micmac software, the key drivers affecting tourism development were identified. Respondents were purposefully selected and theoretical saturation was formed in sample "14".

The research findings indicate that 11 factors are "macro government policies", "interaction of institutions", "provincial management style", "specialized management", "branding and motivation of travel", "natural attractions", "historical monuments and cultural heritage" "Handicrafts and Indigenous", "Tourism Culture", "Transportation Infrastructure" and "Tourism Infrastructure and Services" are the key drivers of tourism development in the three golden triangle of tourism.

The result of the research indicates that the mentioned drivers can be divided into two categories: "organizational and managerial" and "branding" and planning to develop and improve their performance can make a significant contribution to the development of tourism in these three provinces.

Originality/value:

 Considering the memorandum of understanding of the tourism golden triangle project between the provinces of Isfahan, Fars and Yazd and the lack of investigation of the drivers effective on the tourism development of these three provinces in the previous researches, in this respect, the current research is innovative which has been authenticated by interviewing experts related to the subject.

It has been years since innovation was first introduced as a driver of economic development. In addition, after a decade of attention to the regional innovation system policies in the Yazd province, this approach has not shown any positive effect on the development of the province. Thus, this study set out to provide a suitable model for the regional innovation system development in Iran following the investigation of the Yazd province as a case study. To this end, this study used the exploratory factor analysis and relative importance index to identify and analyze the key factors effective on the development of regional innovation system. The findings obtained from the opinions of experts and actors of this field showed that the three factors of human resources; the Science and Technology Park; and growth, innovation, and creativity centers in Yazd Province have the highest importance among all studied factors. This reveals the concentration of finances, policies, and projects on these factors and ignorance of other factors. In the light of the importance and the designated priorities, the factors of innovation system in Yazd province were classified into five groups. These included human and social resources, innovation infrastructure, innovation processes, business dynamics, and endogenous development. It can be concluded that so far, the concentration has been on the elementary stage of regional innovation system model – which essentially functions as the input for the system – and the innovation system in Yazd province is in its early stages. Accordingly to the obtained model of the study, the regional innovation system development in Yazd province needs concentration on the three groups of factors, i.e., innovation processes, business dynamism, and endogenous development.

This article is written because of the lack of a model for understanding the relationship of the meaning of public space in the perceivers's minds. The results of the study showed that there are two types of levels in any observer's mind that the first are straight, immediate and referential, and the second are implicit, secondary and normative. In fact the secondary thought are a basis for knowing a place as high quality or not. For example everyone considers a clean public place or a place with law as a desirable place. However these places could have not been known as a quality places, if they are impure (according to Islamic rules) or there is a sin in it. With this example, it is cleared out that the secondary meaning plays an important role in the qualitative judgment of public places. Therefore in suggested model, a first levels are around the circle and the secondary are in a center of that and also this model is arranged by some components that has some properties such as a) Transcendental and uplifting, b) Being complementary and c) Hierarchy.in an example meaning relationship could be like atent with a main coulmn and some strings, implicit, secondary and normative meanings are like a main coulmn and straight, immediate and referential meanings are like strings. Finally,quality of holdfast arrange around it.

In tourism planning, it is important to consider how the tourist is traveling to or back from the target location. What is important in making and completing tourism routes, is the orders or arrangements made for tourist arrivals, that here is called ‘arrival hierarchy’. These routes are considered at various levels: (a) Entering the city/sites through the urban entrance routes such as the passenger terminals, airports and stations; (b) Passing through the urban routes and reaching at the accommodation/resorts; and finally (c) Visiting the tourist attractions of target destinations. The tourism studies have mostly focused on the third aspect of this travel arrangement, and less attention has paid to the first two items. Considering the historical context of Yazd city on the World Heritage List and having quite a lot of tourist attractions, many plans and programs have been proposed for tourism prosperity, while less attention has been paid to plans that focusing on the necessity of tourist arrivals, and the following evaluation of existing traveling routs and their key factors.Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the possible arrangements/hierarchy make for tourist arrival in historical city of Yazd. The main research question arises here is that, what arrangements have been made for tourist arrival in city of Yazd? And what key factors do effect on this? To answer these questions this study used a qualitative and descriptive, applied research method. First of all, the results show that the entry of tourists using road transport’ is not appropriate compared to the rail and air transport, that is all because of lacking clear and defined urban boundaries. On the other hand, on road transport, the entry of ‘mental and intuitive’ receptions are stronger than rail and air transport, while, the ‘physical entry’ is the same in all three categories. The tourist routes are not only confined to the network of attractions, and two other important components related to it are, ‘The [urban] entrance points and the connecting routs of these entrances to the tourist resorts. In other words, in a city like Yazd, which has drawn the attraction of many tourists by registering its own ‘historical texture’ on the UNESCO World Heritage List, the mere presence of significant attractions, historical context and appropriate tourism facilities are not enough, but rather, a network of arranged-based tourism routes or briefly ‘Arrival Hierarchy’ plays an important role in tourism industry.

During the last 3 decades, there were increasing tendency towards angioplasty because of its benefits. But, this procedure has its acute problems like bleeding and formation of hematoma in the removal place of the sheet. Based on researcher''s clinical experiences, patients need a time of 8-12 hours for bed rest after coronary angioplasty. Recognizing desirable time for bed rest after angioplasty and remove the arterial sheet forms the foundation of related researches in the world. Getting out of bed soon after angioplasty, causes more comfortable feelings, less hospitalization period, fewer side effects of prolonged bed rest and less hospitalization expenses. Regarding less time for bed rest after angioplasty, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of the time of getting out of bed after angioplasty on the complications after removing the sheet in coronary angioplasty patients in the CCU of Shahid Chamran hospital of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2007.

Background and Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is the most frequent complicationin patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) that poses most problems for patient and treatment team. The use of sodiumprofile and ultra filtration (UF) profile is one of the preventive methods that have been recently introduced. However, increased intradialytic weight gain (IDWG) has been described as the side effect of this method. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the effects of linear and stepwise sodium and UF profile on Intradialytic hypotension and IDWG. This was a clinical trial study and crossover design. Twenty- six stable HD patients from two dialysis centers (Ali Asghar and Alzahra Hospitals) of Esfahan Universityunderwent three treatments: (1) control, constant dialysate sodiumconcentration of 138 mmol/l with constant UF; (2) linearsodium profile + UF profile (type1), a linearly decrease dialysate sodium concentration (146–138mmol/l) combination with a linearly decreaseUF rate. (3) Stepwise sodium profile + UF profile (type2), a stepwise decrease dialysate sodium concentration (146-138mmol/l) combination with a stepwise decreaseUF rate. Data were analyzed using χ2 and independent t-test in SPSS software.In this study, a total of 26 patients (14 men, and 12 females) participated. The mean age was 46/8±19 years. In each group, 78 dialysis sessions and a total of 234 dialysis sessions were analyzed. The incidence of intradialytic hypotension, while receiving an intervention, wassignificantly reduced during linear and stepwise profiles, as compared with control (P<0.05, respectively). However, there was no significant differences between profiles. IDWG did not show any changes during three group. Sodium profile and UF profile modulates the dialysate sodium concentration and ultra filtration rate and also, prevents the incidence of IDH while reducing nursing intervention, without increasing IDWG. Thus, using sodium profile and UF profile groups (linear and stepwise) is recommended for the prevention of hypotension, as compared to routine method.

The objectives of an educational system in a society are based on society''s requirements. Since personnel knowledge and skill are not qualified with the advantages of science and invention of new tools, new needs are arisen. Comparing the curriculum of undergraduate course of operating room of our country with international societies, it seems that this curriculum is not a good one to educate experts for taking care of the patients before, while and after operation. This research is done in an international level to determine a curriculum for operating room course and suggest a suitable educational program. Executive method contained 3 stages. In first stage after searching the web and finding the curriculum of operating room course in the world, the current curriculum was compared to the findings in second stage and in third stage a questionnaire has sent to 17 experienced members of faculty scientific board and after performing their opinions and modifications, the curriculum for undergraduate course of operating room was suggested. This research''s findings contain two sets of data obtained from searching the internet and polling research samples which result to the suggestion of curriculum for undergraduate course of operating room. Surveying the suggestion of research units showed that more than 50 percent of courses have utility more than 90 percent and the minimum utility is belonged to hygiene and internal medicine and digestion and tumors operation courses (about 76%). By modifying these courses ambiguities are cleared and finally the suitable curriculum suggested.

Implantable defibrillator is one of the methods used in curing arrhythmias and preventing sudden cardiac death. Despite rescuing patients, applying this device can cause mentionable effects including increase the patient''s anxiety and fear to do normal physical activities again. In spite of these problems, there isn''t enough intervention in accommodating the patient with the device. This study focuses on determining effects of training program on quality of physical life in patients with ICD. This study is a semi- experimental study (before and after). About 45 patients with ICD were examined. The collecting data tools were Fran''s and Power''s quality of life questionnaire and interviewing method. For analyzing data the SPSS software, independent t and t- test were used. Assessing the data gave us an average score for life''s quality in two importance and satisfaction dimensions before and after training programs. Even t-test (p < 0.001) shows meaningful differences between the average score of quality of life before and after training courses. Considering the efficiency of these programs on patient''s quality of life, it is recommended that these programs become a part of nursing process and be continued.

Intradialytic hypotension is the most common complication of haemodialysis (HD) and the main cause for patient''s dissatisfaction. One of the new preventive methods for it is the use of sodium profile and ultrafiltration (UF) profile. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of two types of sodium and UF profile on intradialytic hypotension. In this cross-sectional study, 26 stable HD patients from two dialysis center in Isfahan city, underwent three treatments in 3 dialysis sessions: 1. control, constant dialysate sodium concentration of 138 mmol/l with constant UF; 2. linear sodium profile + UF profile (type 1), a linearly decreasing dialysate sodium concentration (138-146 mmol/l) combination with a linearly decreasing UF rate; and 3. stepwise sodium profile + UF profile (type 2), a stepwise decreasing dialysate sodium concentration (138-146 mmol/l) combination with a stepwise decreasing UF rate. Data were analyzed via SPSS-14 by using χ2 test. In this study a total of 26 patients were participated with the mean age of 46.8 ± 19 years. In each group, 78 dialysis sessions and a total of 234 dialysis sessions were analyzed. The incidence of intradialytic hypotension was significantly reduced during two type of profiles compared with control (p < 0.05). But there was no significant difference between profiles (p > 0.05). Sodium and UF profile is simple and cost effective methods that modulates the dialysate sodium and ultrafiltration rate, and preserve the homodynamic status of patients during dialysis. This method can reduce the incidence of intradialytic hypotension.

Cardiac rehabilitation is used for preventing disease progression, improving quality of life, reducing disabilityand mortality in cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies mentioned cardiac rehabilitation effects on patients, butthe structure of its effects is not absolutely defined. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the patient’s experiencesof cardiac rehabilitation effects. It was a descriptive phenomenological study. Its participants were patients with cardiovascular accidents, participatingin cardiac rehabilitation programs in Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center in 2006 selected by purposedsampling. Deep semi structured interview with 8 participants was done and data were analyzed by Collaizi method. Four obtained themes were "now I know", "to be able", "well being" and "healthy family". the structure of rehabilitation effects reflected in knowledge, physical and psychosocial aspects that improveparticipants and their family''s quality of life.

Each member of society needs suitable services in recovery wards including patient safety in the ward,improvement and taking care of patients after surgery and anesthesia in order to decrease undesirable evidences, mortalityand morbidity. The special characteristic of recovery cares is nursing cares. The nurse is one of the effective membersof a health group and her/his effective role in admitting, preparing, caring, and physical, moral and social supportsof patient is accepted by all experts of medical sciences. The aim of the present study was to determine standards observancein the recovery wards of the treatment centers of Isfahan University of Medical sciences (IUMS) in 2003. This was a descriptive study with easy sampling. The quality of cares given by personnel of recovery wardsafter anesthesia was determined by using questionnaire and checklist. Obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software. This study showed that in the recovery ward, most of the cases were managed near the standard status. Basedon the criteria of patient discharge from recovery wards, the results demonstrated that nurses observed the criteria inmost of the cases; only in reporting description of events during and after operation, 68.8% were substandard. Since the side effects of anesthesia may appear during the transfer of patient to the recovery room, in recoveryroom or even after transferring to the ward, so a codified recovery room care plan and professional and skilledpersonnel who have the ability to observe standards in recovery room can be effective in prevention and treatment ofthese side effects.