فهرست مطالب mohsen zolfaghari

 Haji Mohammad Gilani is one of the 10th century poets of Indian style. He learned mysticism from Allameh Maulana Mohammad Baqer Khorasani and Mullah Hasan Gilani, and his lyrical poems are full of mystic-romantic themes. The purpose of this article is to examine the style. The study of Haji Mohammad Gilani"s Diwan and the introduction of its unique manuscript.

 This research is descriptive-analytical.

 During the analysis of the style of Divan, it was found that the poet used different weights to convey mystical-romantic concepts. The use of current lines is noticeably repeated in his poems. At the lexical level, the use of slang words and terms has a high frequency. Also, his poems show a relatively high deviation in new compositions. At the intellectual level, mystic-romantic poems have the highest frequency.

 Haji Mohammad Gilani is one of the poets of Indian style and his poems are simple and free of difficulties. He has paid more attention to mystical and romantic topics and his poems have relatively little coherence in the vertical axis. Almost 90% of his poems are mirdf.

Phenomenology is one of the most important methods of contemporary philosophical thinking, which was founded by Edmund Husserl and quickly became a method for research in various fields of human sciences, including literary criticism. By suspending the natural approach to the world and focusing on the interpretation of phenomena as they appear on the subject, the phenomenologist learns and explains the objects.Since artists, especially poets, actually describe their lived world as it has appeared to them, the components of the phenomenological method such as "Intentionality", "Epoche", the Tim consciousness, "Ego" and its lived world and " He traced "time consciousness" in their works. Qaisar Aminpour is one of the poets with a contemporary style. In this research, we have analyzed and analyzed selected poems of his, and extracted the phenomenological components that he used to describe the world he lived in.The results of the research show that Aminpour mentioned "Epoche", "Intentionality" and "Ego" in his poems. In some cases, Kaiser discussed the "categorial intentionality" of phenomena, and as we have presented in an example, Husserl's "Time consciousness" can be a guide in the analysis of some of his poems.

Many characters who are known as worlds’ myth, are extraordinary and incredible creatures, that make connection with people by these abnormal and super national power. Basically, their existence is considered as one of the main attribute of myths, caused to being attractive for audience. These type of extraordinary creatures in myths and legend of Iran can be seen too. Dualism worldview is not only belief of Mesopotamia’s Religions but also belief of religions in India and Iran nations where extraordinary creatures in Iran’s myths are categorized in two groups as the devil and ahura. Each one plays a special role in connection with human and due to turning from myths into epic could entry the Shahnameh. This is really significant and essential to study the role and self-doing of these creatures in connection with human in Shanameh in order to clarify all angles of beliefs and costumes of Iranian before Islam. Here in this essay, the relation between human and extraordinary creature is formulated and studied via analytic and descriptive method. Based on that, in Shahnameh most gods were downgraded to kings or bad and good heroes.  Ormazd (wise lord) is the only God and creator of bad and good in Shahnameh. Soroush, Simorgh) a mythological bird) an Esrafeel (or seraph( are the other creatures who help the human on the other hand, the Devil , demon, dragon and Gog and Magog are the creatures who did continually enmity against human.

Verbal discourse of the modern prose is formed by interconnected structure from a conscious mind in a way that the play of the signs in the text along with the personal mentality and memory of the character can become so fluid and elusive that ambiguity becomes a particular component of modern narrative. But semiotic layers with a detailed and systematic reading deal with the interaction of the text layers in the story to investigate implicit and explicit implications of signs in a semantic process through multiple codes and according to the context of the texture. "Abolhol" is a short story by Fereshte Sari written in the eighties. Narrator's diegesis that as if it is the symbolic narrative of the visualization of his subconscious mind and body about the fate of women, shows such semantic capacity of the places such as caravanserai and darkroom so fertile with human and inhuman activists that the phenomenology of reading with a layered semiotic approach, in addition to the interference of the paratext elements in the implications, the layers of time, space, aesthetics, and actors in codes are considered to show their semantic capacity in the semantic process of the story. But in the "sequence" the semantic process of the modern subject is on the path of "becoming" which led to the narrator's transcendental "Stative subject "in addition to the obvious role of "effective verbs" the narrator's "disjunction" was also considered in "meaning manqué" to show the difference between the character of traditional and modern stories in search of objects.

Marriage and its narrated forms in Shahnameh, like many social phenomena, have mythological and social bases that determine their intellectual infrastructure and theoretical basis and explain whether they are norm or anomalies. Marriages narrated in Shahnameh can be classified into two general groups: endogamy and exogamy. In this article, while studying the important types of exogamy in Shahnameh, by searching for their mythological and social foundations, the normality or abnormality of each according to Ferdowsi and some of the characters is examined.  For Iranians, exogamy has mythological and social foundations; Its mythological basis is derived from the mixing of divine forces with demons in the myth of creation and its social basis is rooted in the social customs of the matriarchal era, in which men sought to acquire the originality and rule by bonding with women of other countries. The most important types of exogamy in Shahnameh can be seen in two forms of temporary marriage and polygamy. The former is based on the myth of the union of man with fairies and from a social point of view represents the efforts of other tribes to obtain the lineage and race of the enemy hero to overcome him and his country. In this research, it was found that polygamy in Shahnameh has no mythical basis and its social basis is rooted in the traditions and customs of the patriarchal period that According to it, men have turned to polygamy in order to have more children and more labor. Ferdowsi and several other figures in the Shahnameh have considered the excessive polygamy of kings to be abnormal due to the oppression and harm it inflicts on women.

Following a logical course in form and meaning causes harmony and connection between different components of poetry, which can be extracted by identifying and analyzing the factors used in the text. This study, while raising the issue of the issue of semantic coherence in Persian poetry from what period and for what reason, seeks to answer these questions: What factors owe the semantic coherence of Monzavi" lyric poems? How did these factors form the semantic structure of the Monzavi" sonnet?

The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, examined the factors that create semantic coherence in seven sets of Monzavi" poems, which include four hundred and sixty sonnets, which and enumerated some approaches.

A careful and meticulous study of the component of semantic coherence in Monzavi" poems revealed that 55% of Monzavi" sonnets have a coherent semantic structure.

The principles governing the relationships between images or illustrative elements of Monzavi poems are examined and classified into five axes: word fit, pattern repetition, meaning association in terms of similarity, narrative element, and extension of a theme or image.

The application of linguistic topics in the study of religious texts including the Holy Qur’an contribute to a systematic reading of them. The pragmatics of language is one of the subfields of linguistics, which is reflected in approaches such as speech act theory. Considering the centrality of purgation in Surah Ash-Shams that depicts the desired value system, the present descriptive-analytical study seeks to identify the different types of speech acts in Surah Ash-Shams and what the results of analyzing these actions and the relationships between them are. The retrieval of speech acts in some of the existing utterances indicates the three-part structure of Surah Ash-Shams. The main message of the surah defines a new value system in the form of declarative act. The commitment act in the form of oaths, which go from the obvious and the tangible to the unseen and the intangible, provides reassurance and an expression of the importance of the subject to speech-seekers. In fact, the speaker of the discourse intends to lead the audience to the action he wants and to adopt a favorable position that is depicted in the face of an unfavorable one through the oaths he mentions. The commitment made in these utterances means that if speech-seekers choose one of the two paths announced in the ninth and tenth ayahs (as the answer to the oath), surely they will be lead to that fate and destiny. In the final ayah, و لا یخاف عقباها"" the realization of the punishment in the form of the declarative act is emphasized.

 The conformity of the educational elements of the Islamic society is necessary for the realization of the educational goals of Islam. The interaction of the school (as the main institution of formal education in the country), the family (as the most natural and stable institution) and the mosque (as the most original educational institution in the Islamic society) cause synergy and facilitate the realization of Islamic educational goals. On the other hand, these three pillars of education (family school mosque) are the basic components of traditional communication and the realization of cooperation between these elements will have a significant impact on strengthening the social communication network and deepening national and religious beliefs.

The present study is of qualitative type and it uses the data theorizing strategy of the foundation. Research data have been extracted from the results of a survey of the top 14 mosques in the country in the field of interaction with family and school.

Cooperation between the mosque and the school and the family is a central phenomenon that is conditioned by the capacities and weaknesses of educational institutions. This phenomenon has four stages: "1- Construction, 2 building trust, 2- Attracting from school to mosque, 3- Continuing communication and training in the mosque, 4- Creating students' role in the mosque and school." It is the components that affect it in the form of intervening factors and will lead to results. The pattern of the relationships of the research categories is shown in a paradigm model.

Formalist critique of the image in the sacred defense ghazal Structural and formalist approaches to critique, based on the authenticity of literary criticism, are a novel and popular critique. Which have been influenced by linguistic theories of the twentieth century, especially Saussure's theories in the field of linguistics. These approaches have a special emphasis on "the totality of literary work" and they embody authenticity for it. In literature, the most important feature that values the text is the image that is important in the eyes of the new and traditional theorists. Various definitions have been made around it, and researchers have long been interested in exploring different styles in their literary studies. Ghazal is also a good platform for the images of the minds of poets in different times and in recent years has also been a good opportunity for poetry dedicated to revolution and sacred defense. This poetic template is based on new and emerging content, creating new images in this area. In this study, drawing on the language and the image, we rely on the sonnets of the sacred defense, in a structured way, and re-examine the literary beauty For this purpose, a number of sonnets of prominent poets such as Hamid Sabzevari, Parvaneh Nejati, Seyyed Hassan Hosseini, Saeed Biabanakki and Mousavi Garmaroudi on the subject of sacred defense are studying the beauty of the result of accuracy in the form and effect of the work. , We found.

One of the features of modern art, especially poetry, is the focus on semantic meanings and ambiguity, and one of the most important ambiguity tools is using the words’ polysemy capacity. In art, polysemy consists of some rhetorical and literary techniques of classic and modern literature such as metaphor, trope, irony, symbol and amphibology. The quantitative and also qualitative study of how to apply these elements have a major role in determining the poet's authentic style to create ambiguity. Thus, the researchers of this article – acknowledging that Forugh Farokhzad is one of the distinguished apprentices of Nima Youshij's doctrine in the modernization area in whose poetry many modern art features can be found – have tried to explain her poetry style with a stylistic approach, based on two of her poetry collections, namely Another Birth and Let’s Believe in the Cold Season. This study focuses on her use of polysemy elements, explaining the level of application of these elements to create ambiguity in her poetry.

Abstract      In recent years, many research articles have been studied the electromagnetic fields (EMFs) effects on the human body, due to the increment of electromagnetic-based devices. In most studies, there is not an accurate analytical method for solving Maxwell’s equations and then various numerical techniques have been utilized to solve Maxwell’s equations. In this review, we first introduce Maxwell’s equations briefly and then various numerical and analytical methods used in the literature and commercial softwares have been considered in detail. Then, EMFs effects on the human body in terms of tissue distance from electromagnetic (EM) source will be investigated. Finally, we conclude the article.     Methods and Materials: In this article, various numerical and analytical methods for studying EMFs effects on the human body have been studied and investigated based on the credible scientific references.     The EMFs effects on the human body is classified in terms of tissue distance from EM source into two main categories: Far field and near field. In near field region, four categories are studied in this paper.     Discussion and In this review, Maxwell’s equations are introduced briefly and various numerical and analytical methods for solving these equations have been investigated. Then, human body models used in EMF numerical simulations have been considered, which Debye and Cole-Cole formulations are the most popular models in the literature. In these models, the electric properties of the tissue are expressed in terms of tissue conductivity and permittivity. In the following, the EMFs effects on the human body will be studied based on the tissue distance from EM source.     Keywords: Electromagnetic fields, Human body, Numerical technique, Analytical method, Specific absorption rate

Parvaneh Nejati, a contemporary poet, is devoted to holy defense by using simple, emotional and feminine language in his poetry. By analyzing this section of his poems, one can see the main features of this poem, In this regard, he examined his poetry, especially the poems of his holy defense, in a new and structural way and the three components of cohesion, familiarity and structure of the image, which is one of the important discussions of structuralism, has been the focus of the research. What is the result of this research is the understanding of the characteristics of language simplicity and language structures, the use of the element of emotion and the representation of facts in a way of describing and familiarizing the past literary standards that highlighted the poet's poetry. In fact, the sincerity and simplicity of the language of his poetry is a familiarization of literary principles and traditions, which makes sense of comprehension as tangible and emotional. In addition, there are questions about the main ways of familiarization, the structure of images, and the existence of a large image in his poems.

The current study focuses on aesthetics in the verses of the Holy Quran in light of Structuralism and Poststructuralism. The analysis is based on new literary theories, applied to the Quranic educational verses. Due to the broad scope of the study, among the aesthetic elements, the oppositional aesthetics is selected and examined through Nikolai Trubetzkoy's binary opposition theory. This article attempts to answer the following questions: What is the status of educational approaches in the Holy Quran? What is the status of binary oppositions in the verses in question? What are the methods of opposition in the surface and deep structures of the verses? What is the mechanism of the reversal of binary and deconstruction elements in the educational verses?
The present article is written in line with localizing literary theories and the critique of Western literary theories, specifically the binary opposition theory. Due to the importance of the interdisciplinary research, the educational verses of the Quran are described and explained with regard to the binary opposition theory at the level of surface and deep structures as well as the deconstruction of their elements.
Overall, in the present article, the principle of reversing binary oppositions is absolutely rejected, and the preference of negative element in the oppositions, particularly the view of deconstructivists, have been seriously criticized and rejected. The reliance on divine thoughts and the value of the committed oppositions in the Islamic education of the Holy Quran is one of the reasons for rejecting this theory in absolute terms.

The analysis of power relations, which is mostly influenced by the opin-ions and ideas of Michel Foucault on power, considers a given literary text as a social interaction, which in general manifests a form of power relation within a discourse.
In this paper, relying on Foucault's ideas about power as well as Critical Discourse Analysis has shown that Khaghani In Qasida of Tarsaie (Ode of Christianity), has used his extensive knowledge of both Christianity and the various power relations in the social institutions of his time in order to produce a discourse which deliberately challenges the dominant discourse of his time, though not necessarily contradicting it in all its religious aspects or violating all conventions of court poetry.
The discourse is used by the poet as an instrument and strategy to fight against the dominant forms of subjection (assujettissement in Foucault terminology) so as to demonstrate his scientific and literary superiority over rivals on one hand and on the other, to challenge the ruling politi-cal system on his will to freedom.

Suspension is a concept whose boundaries go beyond the mere concepts of being and cognition and inclines towards practical (rather than theoretical) areas with effective mechanisms. Limiting suspension to pure theoretical issues make it a passive topic, like thousands of other topics which are at passive positions of recognition or reconstruction. It goes without saying that such functional and practical features cannot make us ignore the conceptual features of suspension because each action, however its cognitive aspects be natural and invisible, inevitably, is based on theoretical considerations. Accordingly, in this article, first, we succinctly analyzed the theoretical aspects and fields of this concept and then analyzed Surah Al-Naba, as a practical sample.
The authors of this article believe that the Quran is one of the best texts for this research purpose, and the strongest and yet the most succinct expressions of suspense are found in Quranic text. Suspension in Surah Al-Naba in a multi-layered and dense condition separates the text from typical linear narratives and through creating a sense of surprise, ambiguity, wandering and waiting and by raising successive implicit questions provide in a coherent, yet complex and unpredictable, structure everything a great literary work requires.

The exploration of the form of the literary texts and the form-based analysis of the term 'yusof' in Hafiz poetry from a Quranic perspective is the major focus of this study. As no form-based investigation is carried out in this area, doing such a practical and native study seems to be necessary. To meet this objective, form-based entities in Hafiz poetry and the holy Quran are examined. Therefore, Hafiz terminology bases, explanation of Hafiz poetry elements, the Quranic terminology, degree and system of unity between these elements are taken into consideration. Moreover, different types of linguistic, esthetic, musical, grammatical interactions and explanation of the Quranic illusions in Hafiz poetry as the foundations of his poems, etc are investigated and approved.

Poets and authors have used the Qur’anic verses and Hadiths in their works in different ways from long ago. Howevere, there are similarities and differences in their methods of using these resources in their collections of the poems. The purpose of the present paper is to specify methods by which Khaghani's poetry has been influenced by the Qur’anic verses and Hadiths, and to find out Khaghani’s style of being influenced. The outcomes demonstrate that Khaghani uses a combination of inspirational- fundamental, explanatory, and translation-type methods; however, the first one along with allusive and terse approaches have more influenced on Khaghani's poetry.

One of the best features of constitutional literature is making a number of modifications in the interlocutor’s domain. The present inquiry is to prove that any changes in this domain are not simply restrained to the addressees of extra-textual type but also including the intra-textual ones in the constitutional literature. The question is what was the role of the innovative political and social attitudes in the choosing one of the intra- or extra- types as well as the preference of any types of addressing style? To achieve to the suitable answer, the new attitudes of political - social constitutional era have been studied and divided in seven themes. Then, the effects of the mentioned subjects have investigated in the types of addressees (intra-textural) taken in the poetry works of some famous poets in the Constitutional period. As a result, in the constitutional revolution, a number of social-political changes leaded to the emergence of a new range of poetry addressees, so the style of addressing was modified at that time. However, the failure of the revolution caused the poets to turn back to their previous and accustomed style of addressing.

The two great epics of the world namely Iliad and Odyssey by Homer and Shahnameh by Ferdowsi have much similarities and differences. The present article studies the characters and character developments on these works of art. The first section reviews the social behaviors of the heroes. The second part reviews the impact of God from Greek Myths on Iliad and Odyssey and the God in Shahname. The third part reviews the important and key role of women in the Greek epic and on the other side their passive role in Shahnameh. The fourth part of the article reviews thechildren’s characters and finally the last part studies the roles minsters play in the sequence of events.

This article deals with two hypotheses concerning Nezami Ganjavi's (1140?-1217? A.D.) verse. Since Nezami drew extensively on the Quran and the Hadiths, the writer identifies two distinct structures in the poet's exploitation of these two sources and, thus, concludes that they must have generally invaded and informed Nezami's whole notion of stylistics. The article also traces the strange and novel juxtapositions of words usedin the Quran and the Hadiths in Nezami's verse to illustrate the origins of the poet's contribution to making novel compound Persian expressions. It further argues that the compounds, including modifiers and the modified, which statistically abound in Nezami's verse, are his borrowings from the Quran and the Hadiths.