mojtaba rezaei rad

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the quality of electronic learning and learning styles of secondary school students of public and private schools. This research is practical in terms of purpose; In terms of its nature, it was descriptive and in terms of its method, it was causal-comparative. The statistical population of all secondary school students of non-profit schools and public education schools in Qaim Shahr city and in the academic year 2021-2022, which is 400 people (200 people from non-profit schools and 200 people from public schools) in a sample way Available samples were selected as samples. The tools of data collection were Hakimzadeh & Afandedeh electronic learning quality questionnaires (2013) and Towler and Deepboy's (2003) learning styles. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and t tests for independent groups at a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the variables of electronic learning quality and learning styles in non-government and government school students. So, the students of non-government schools were higher than the students of public schools in terms of individual learning opportunities, content, experiential learning style and structured learning style

The current research was conducted with the aim of educational design based on gamification for emotional scaffolding and determining its effect on the academic performance of fifth grade students in social studies.

To achieve the goal of the research, the study was conducted using a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. First, by searching reliable databases and screening the results according to keywords until 2024, appropriate strategies of emotional scaffolding based on gamification to improve academic performance according to the academic motivation component following the selected model for gamification  were obtained using qualitative method and appropriate activities was designed accordingly. The statistical community in this research was fifth-grade female students from Tehran in 2023-2024, based on the available sampling,  from which 70 were  selected. They were  randlomly divided into two experimental and control groups (36-34 people). The new method was conducted for the experimental group during 9 sessions while the comparison group was  taught with  the same goals using common teaching method. The research tool was the performance test of the lesson of  social studies.

Data analysis using the inferential statistics method  by covariance analysis tests.

. The findings of the research showed that the difference between the post-test scores in the experimental and comparison groups is significant and the educational design based on gamification in order to build emotional scaffolding has a positive effect (41%) on the academic performance  of the students.

Creative education methods strengthens students' deeper understanding of concepts, critical thinking and motivation to learn. Based on this, the current research aimed to design and implement dramatic theater techniques and evaluate their effect on self-control and academic adaptation.

This research was conducted using a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design and involving experimental and control groups, on 40 male students of the second grade of elementary school in Juibar city in 2023-2024, who were randomly selected and placed in two groups of 20. using Tanji  Self-Control Scale and Baker and Seriak's academic adjustment as measurement tools, mean and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used, and covariance analysis was performed to generalize the results.

that the use of dramatic theater technique in primary education has a positive effect on students' self-control and academic adjustment. This effect was more evident in the case of academic adjustment (90%) and in the case of self-control (31%)..

Dramatic theater is an effective way to improve self-control skills and academic adaptation of second grade students in science. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers use the dramatic theater technique in science classrooms if possible to make students' learning more sustainable, and more enjoyable.

English has been known as an international language for decades and its use as a means of communication is increasing rapidly. However, teaching and learning language and communication skills is not very satisfactory. The reasons for students' failure can be different. Currently, the study of foreign languages has become so important that how to use the appropriate methods of teaching foreign languages for students has become a serious problem in the theoretical discussions of language education. has been In recent years, the approach to learning foreign languages has changed from teacher-centered to learner-centered, and many teaching and learning strategies have been created to meet the different needs of language learners. The method of teaching English is not the same in all classes, and depending on the educational environment and the conditions of students or language learners, different methods of teaching language skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) are used. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, and if chosen according to the student's needs, they will be more effective. It is considered important that the students' information is the basis of it, and the one who remembers most of the material and is considered a successful learner who has received a higher grade, as a result, the student's academic motivation and initiative are ignored and not taken into account. Paying attention to the importance of the teaching method, the current problem is how to use which group of teaching methods and patterns to provide conditions so that learners can study with interest, be active in the learning process, and acquire basic social skills. do so that the desired cultural characteristics are institutionalized in them. One of these methods is the teaching method based on the collaborative approach the method of community language learning. In this method, the teacher is mainly present in the class as a leader, and after reading the material, people are divided into different groups and do the material together in different ways. The most essential part of the teacher's role in this method is the role of a consultant. Therefore, the teacher moves between the groups and observes their activities and is also present wherever necessary to guide and solve problems. Another aspect of the teacher's presence is the reward factor. Because in this method, it is very important to build self-confidence in students so that they can work in groups. Based on this, as a result of its use, it strengthens self-efficacy, self-directed learning in people. Mental and practical skills are developed. An atmosphere of self-discipline prevails in the class, attention is paid to individual differences, and the ground for cultivating imagination, innovation and academic motivation is provided. The meaning of academic self-efficacy is students' understanding of their abilities. In this regard, research shows the importance of the role of appropriate teaching method in improving learning. In the method resulting from the language learning community, students are actively involved in the learning process. Based on this, a significant improvement was made in the speaking skills of the students, according to the background of internal research and numerous searches in internal databases, it seems that this method has been given less attention in the teaching process of the Iranian educational system for teaching English. Is. Based on this,The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the inclusion of Community Language Learning-based instructional design can increase students' self-directed learning abilities, strengthen their academic motivation, and improve their academic self-efficacy, especially in the context of English language learning.MethodThe current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research method, it is semi-experimental in which students are placed in experimental and control groups. So, the members of the experimental group were trained based on the teaching method based on the learning community model. However, the members of the control group were trained in the usual way. The statistical population consists of all students of Islamic Azad University, Sari branch, who are studying English in the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023 and their number According to the statistics obtained, there were more than 250 people. In order to select the sample size based on GPower sample size calculation software, 50 people were selected by simple random sampling method. In this way, by random assignment, sample members were selected in the form of a group to measure the effect of the mentioned teaching method under the title of experimental group and another group as a control or control group. In fact, completely randomly (based on lottery), one class was selected as the experimental group (25 people) and another class as the control group (25 people). After the introduction and identification of the sample members and their random assignment in each of the experimental and control groups, in the first stage, all the subjects were asked to answer the questions of the standard (pre-made) questionnaires of their learning. Fisher's guide (2001) with 40 questions, Harter's academic motivation (1981) with 33 questions and Scherer and Maddox's academic self-efficacy (1982) with 17 questions, as a pre-test.In the explanation of the findings, it can be said that in the CLL teaching method, at the beginning, language is an auxiliary means to introduce and express personal opinions, and the language learner expresses his feelings with the word "I", but in the steps Next, language enters the stage of its expressive, communicative and symbolic function, which is the social function of language. At this stage, learning is gradually brought to the group and by observing these two basic functions of language, awareness and knowledge are formed in the individual, and the more he progresses in his education, the more his learning abilities increase. become On the other hand, effective learning methods help improve comprehension skills. These methods help to strengthen memory, speak better and faster, read, increase concentration and gain more ability and lead to comprehensive lifelong language learning and as a result, as the results showed, using the method CLL teaching has an effect on self-directed learning, academic motivation and academic self-efficacy of students in English language course.Based on this, it is suggested that since the teaching method of CLL has not been widely and comprehensively taken into consideration by schools, universities and language schools all over the country, lecturers, teachers and language professors, in order to To improve academic self-efficacy, academic motivation and self-directed learning in language learners and progress in their learning process, they should use this method more than before and be diligent in expanding and promoting it.

Academic decline has always been a primary concern for researchers in the field of education. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has shed new light on this phenomenon. This study aims to identify factors affecting academic decline during the COVID-19 pandemic and develop a model to predict academic decline during virtual education. The present research employed a mixed qualitative-quantitative methodology. The study population included all mothers, students, and teachers of middle and high school levels in the city of Sabzevar in 2021. A sample of 30 individuals was selected through purposive sampling due to data saturation, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, and interviewed. Following the identification and validation of qualitative categories and factors, a questionnaire was designed and administered to 384 participants (mothers, students, and teachers of middle and high school levels). The unlimited population responded to the researcher-made 49-item questionnaire on the challenges of virtual education impacting academic decline during the COVID-19 pandemic. To test the research hypotheses, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS 20 and PLS Smart software were utilized. The findings indicated that, following qualitative interviews, six main grounded theory categories emerged, encompassing 12 fundamental factors. These included two causal factors (lack of motivation and academic isolation), one central factor (academic decline), three contextual factors (quantity and quality of electronic devices, internet quality, and software and hardware deficiencies), three intervening factors (role pressure on parents, web usage culture, and learning environment), and two strategies (ineffective teaching and inappropriate assessment) and one outcome (reduced learning). Ultimately, the structural equation modeling validated the conceptual model designed based on grounded theory. The results indicated that 12 fundamental factors influenced academic decline during virtual education amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to the development of a significant predictive model for academic decline in virtual education.

The educational landscape has undergone a significantly transformed with the widespread adoption of online learning platforms. This presents both opportunities and challenges for students in various fields. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and information technology skills on the readiness for online learning among nursing and midwifery students.

This study was conducted with a descriptive method of correlation type. The statistical population was all the students of nursing and midwifery faculties of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province in the number of 1248 people, with stratified random sampling method according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 297 people (midwifery = 125 and nursing = 172). Were selected as samples. Bandura's self-efficacy questionnaires, Irwin and McLean's information technology skills, and Watkins et al.'s readiness for online learning were used to measure the study variables. To analyze the data, descriptive tests, mean, standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics, univariate and multivariate regression tests were used. All statistical topics were analyzed using SPSS version 26 statistical software and significance level (p<0.05).

The results showed that there is a relationship between self-efficacy (p = 0.001, β = 0.45) and information technology skills (p = 0.001, β = 0.36) with online learning readiness of nursing and midwifery students of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province. There are positive and meaningful.

In general, it can be concluded that students' self-efficacy and IT skills can help improve their readiness for online learning. These results can be used to plan and implement online training in nursing and midwifery.

In today's world, filled with technology and e-learning, readiness to participate in online educational environments is of great importance. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between self-directed learning and information technology skills on the online learning readiness of nursing and midwifery students.

This is an analytical cross-sectional study with a correlation design. The statistical population consisted of all nursing and midwifery students of the nursing and midwifery faculties of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province, totaling 1,248 individuals in the academic year 2022-2023. A stratified random sampling method was employed, selecting 297 individuals (125 midwifery students and 172 nursing students) based on the Krejcie and Morgan table. Self-directed learning, information technology skills, and online learning were evaluated using questionnaires. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the collected data. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16) using descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation by Pearson correlation coefficient statistics, and multiple linear regression at a significance level of 0.05.

According to multiple linear regression, the scores for online learning readiness were related to self-directed learning and information technology skills in nursing and midwifery students. The multiple correlation coefficient (R) was equal to 0.550. The coefficient of determination (R2) was equal to 0.492, which indicates that 49.2% of the changes in students' online learning readiness scores are explained by self-directed learning variables and their information technology skills.

By recognizing and utilizing the distinct roles of self-directed learning and information technology skills, educators and policymakers can design support mechanisms based on the diverse needs of students. As a result, the online learning environment at Mazandaran Azad University can provide a more favorable and successful environment for students.

The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effect of cultural values on critical thinking tendencies among students of Azad University using the correlation method. The statistical population included all the students of medical, humanities, technical and engineering faculties of Islamic Azad University, Sari branch in the academic year of 1401-1402 in the number of 8933 people, according to the table of Karjesi and Morgan, the number of 368 people was selected by stratified random sampling method. (according to the school) were selected as a sample. The tools of data collection were cultural values questionnaires by Mansouri Sepehr et al. (reliability: 0.88) and critical thinking by Pak Mehr et al. (reliability: 0.89). At the 95% confidence level (α = 0.05), the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant positive relationship between cultural values and critical thinking tendencies in the students of each of the faculties of medicine, humanities, and technical and engineering. has it. One-way analysis of variance showed that cultural values and critical thinking tendencies among students of medical, humanities and technical and engineering faculties do not have statistically significant differences. Also, regression analysis showed that cultural values have an effect on students' critical thinking tendencies. So that cultural values explain (predict) 55.4% of critical thinking tendencies.
 

Mindfulness training is useful for strengthening and improving learning prerequisites. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of web-based mindfulness training on academic self-regulation, self-confidence and self-efficacy of nursing students.

This study was conducted with a semi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test stages and experimental and control groups. The statistical population of all nursing students of Mazandaran Islamic Azad University in the academic year 2021-2022, which was assigned in a targeted way, 40 people in two experimental groups (20 people) and control group (20 people). The measurement tools were the self-regulation questionnaires of Bouffard et al., the self-confidence of Mehri et al., and the self-efficacy of Sherer and Maddox. In order to analyze the data, descriptive tests such as mean, standard deviation, and one- and two-variable covariance analysis tests were used.

The findings showed that at the confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05), mindfulness training was effective on each of the variables of academic self-regulation, self-confidence and self-efficacy of nursing students, and the first effect on self-efficacy (size effect: 0.91), then on academic self-regulation (effect size: 0.71) and finally on self-confidence (effect size: 0.39).

Mindfulness training is one of the effective ways to increase the level of academic self-regulation, self-confidence and self-efficacy of nursing students.

The current research was conducted with the aim of the effect of dramatic theater technique on the academic vitality, vitality and social development of primary school students, with a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design and experimental and control groups. The statistical population of all second grade students of Sari city in the academic year of 2022-2023 was 5382 people, 40 of them with the same characteristics were selected as a sample. In the first stage, multi-stage cluster random sampling was done from all the elementary schools, the second grade of Sari city, and in the second stage, in a simple random way and based on lottery, the students were divided into two experimental groups (20 people). and control (20 people) were assigned. The measuring instruments, Martin and Marsh (2006), Tamizhifar and Azizi Mehr social vitality (2016) and Weiland social growth questionnaires were distributed and implemented in both groups. After scoring, while the control group was trained in the usual way, the students of the experimental group were trained according to the dramatic theater technique in the science lesson in 10 sessions of 45 minutes. The reliability of the measurement tool was obtained using Cronbach's alpha as 0.84, 0.78 and 0.92 respectively. The collected data were used using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlated t-test and covariance analysis). The results showed that dramatic theater technique has influenced and increased the academic vitality, vitality and social growth of second grade elementary students in Sari city.

The global epidemic of the disease caused by the coronavirus (Covid-19), as a severe acute respiratory syndrome that appeared in December 2019, not only as a threat to the health and lives of millions of people around the world has been considered and the world's health and treatment systems have faced many challenges, it has also affected other fields, including the field of education so that with the beginning of the Covid epidemic 19, health protocols emphasized social distancing. In this regard, in many countries, including our country, face-to-face training in schools and universities was closed to reduce the spread of the coronavirus. This unpleasant event could have negative effects on educational activities, but social distancing has stimulated the growth of online educational activities so that there is no disruption in education. Many schools and colleges have participated by providing the best materials and contents needed for online training courses, with the cooperation and accompaniment of students and conducting evaluations. Undoubtedly, in the application of electronic content in online education, the efforts of students depend to a great extent on internal motivations, therefore, students who have more intrinsic motivations and the necessary abilities in They deal with the usual academic challenges, can work more self-regulated and self-efficiently than other students, and as a result, they are more successful. They achieve more success in subjects in which they are more interested and motivated, and more success provides more motivation for learning, academic progress, academic performance, and continuing education. Although in the last few years, educational centers, especially education, constantly emphasize providing education in the context of virtual space, in practice, there has not been a large movement in this area at the country level, and despite the emphasis on making schools smarter, significant progress has been made in Platformization and provision of virtual training had not been achieved. The sudden outbreak of covid-19 faced many challenges in the educational systems of the world and affected the field of education as well. As the Covid-19 epidemic began around the world, health protocols emphasized social distancing. In this regard, in many countries, including our country, face-to-face training in schools and universities was closed to reduce the spread of the Coronavirus. For the education of students to not be interrupted during the period of social distancing and for the curriculum to continue according to the pre-determined schedule, various solutions were presented. Although this network also had limitations and problems, problems such as slow internet speed, limited space for loading, and less interaction between teacher and student. With this description, although the Corona pandemic imposed many problems on all indicators of the society, including the health of the people, it led to the flourishing of some capabilities in the country, including the spread and prosperity of virtual education (online education) throughout the country. Cited. The lack of evidence regarding the support capacities provided in some psychological characteristics of people has caused the proper use of education in the virtual space to be observed nowadays, and due to the importance of psychological issues such as mental health and psychological well-being. It is important to find out the relationship between the supportive dimensions of education in virtual space on mental health and psychological well-being, so in this study, we seek to answer the question of whether there is a significant relationship between the supportive dimensions of education in virtual space on mental health and psychological well-being.

The current research was descriptive in terms of the data collection method, which was carried out in the field. The statistical population of the current research included all female students in the second year of high school (experimental third grade) of Behshahr city, who were studying in 2018-2019. The number of the statistical population according to the inquiry from the statistics unit of Behshahr Education Department was equal to 210 people. The sample size of 136 people was selected by simple random sampling through Morgan's Kargesi table. The instrument of this research was a questionnaire. The entire process of research analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and PLS version 3 software.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of education in the virtual space on mental health and psychological well-being so virtual education has an effect of 0.805 on mental health and an effect of 0.745 on psychological well-being.

The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the supportive aspects of online education on mental health and psychological well-being. These issues show that education in virtual space can always be emphasized as a key issue in the sensitive conditions of society. Educational policies have an important and decisive role in education. The government's support for education in virtual space in the path of education, as well as the government's support for the development and dissemination of education in virtual space, show the importance of this issue. Today, human power is considered the most valuable capital of any country, and the progress, cultural, economic, and social growth of countries depends on increasing the level of awareness of the people of that society. Therefore, the main mission of educational systems is the training of human resources necessary for this growth and progress, and education plays a very important role in this. Appropriate educational facilities, experienced teachers, and a rich environment only along with the dynamic, active, and enthusiastic minds of the youth will lead to the progress and development of the country. Although not much time has passed since the emergence of information and communication technology, it has brought many changes in the way of human life, including education systems and learning centers. In this way, the form of learning and education has gone out of the physical state that is dependent on time and place and has become a virtual form that cannot be defined. On the other hand, in many countries, the use of information and communication technology in the educational system in order to improve the quality of teaching-learning methods has been considered, and the use of this technology in schools is a basic necessity for proven educational, social, and economic reasons. In the way of conducting the present research, there were limitations, including the non-cooperation of some research samples, as well as difficult and difficult access to the research samples.

From the beginning of the closure of schools and universities to help eliminate this disease, the concern of developing and implementing educational programs to continue education at home and in-home quarantine conditions, to the biggest challenge of educational systems, that is, both education and Cultivation and higher education have become. This challenge and concern has been raised not only in our country but also for all the countries of the world, in such a way that international institutions and organizations such as the World Health Organization and UNICEF are working hard to develop curricula and guidelines and Educational and training guides have been forced for these conditions. One of the very important and serious programs that was proposed and carried out from the side of education and higher education is the discussion of electronic education or education through virtual space. Considering the importance of academic failure in the educational system for students, parents, and educational policymakers, especially during the coronavirus epidemic, the present research seeks to qualitatively investigate the factors involved in virtual education during the Corona epidemic and provide a model for predictions. It is a drop in education.

The current research method was a qualitative type of grounded theory. The research community included all students, teachers, and parents of secondary schools in Sabzevar city. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis in this section was done in two stages. In the first stage, it was done using thematic analysis. One of the simple and efficient methods of qualitative analysis is thematic analysis. This method was based on the assumption that by analyzing linguistic messages, it is possible to discover meanings, attitudinal priorities, and ways of understanding and organizing the world. To perform thematic analysis, the interview text with the participants is recorded and implemented. The text of the interviews will be reviewed several times and meaning units will be extracted from them. After identifying the primary semantic units from the text interviews, condensed semantic units were formed and codes were extracted. In this part, summarizing means reducing the size of semantic units and does not change the quality of the data, but creates compressed semantic units. After that, the units of analysis were reviewed several times and coded and categorized based on conceptual and semantic similarities. Also, experts and additional comments from colleagues were used to analyze and change information and review coding. Allocating enough time to this stage and having good communication with the interviewees were other factors that increased the credibility of the data. The obtained codes were classified based on their similarities and differences. The obtained categories were used to develop a model for predicting academic failure.

The results showed that by examining and categorizing the descriptive codes obtained from the interview texts, 52 subcategories were identified and according to their similarity and semantic affinity, they were divided into 12 main categories in the form of 6 phenomena including causal conditions, central factor, intervening factors, background of the phenomenon, strategies and consequences were categorized. In the second stage, that is, axial coding, the main axes were formulated, and the meaning of important phrases was explained. The themes and concepts related to it are mentioned in the table below. At this stage, to comprehensively categorize the phenomena in the dominant of different influences on the phenomenon and in the framework of the underlying theoretical factors, to measure the model of relationships between factors in the form of 6 phenomena including causal conditions, central factor, intervening factors, substrate the phenomenon, strategies and consequences are categorized. In the selective coding stage, as the last stage of coding, categories, and general themes were replaced in the central codes proposed. The following is the final selection coding table.

Based on the findings, it can be stated that during the occurrence of health-related crises such as the coronavirus, considering a preventive solution such as increasing the Internet platform, improving hardware and software, and creating a culture of using virtual space. He managed the consequences of the drop in education caused by the crisis, and it is necessary to pay attention to these matters. The results indicate that containment measures have had a very large impact on educational activities on average, and using new data on measures such as school holidays and staying at home and fiscal and monetary policies that have been implemented in response to the crisis. It is found that these measures brought the highest economic costs and the stagnation of some activities. In the wake of the epidemic of corona disease and with the virtualization of classes and training and the lack of attention of students to the lessons, as well as other factors such as being far from the space and environment of education, or perhaps the lack of work of students and sometimes teachers, has caused During this period, students will face a drop in academic performance and pay less attention to the lesson. Even at the beginning, some of the teachers and students were not familiar with these environments, and it took some time for them to settle in and receive proper training. Also, other problems such as disconnection and connection of virtual classes and slow internet have doubled the problems. In addition to the problems of the Shad network, teachers also face difficulties in transferring educational content. On the other hand, putting children on the computer or mobile phone system and doing homework has become one of the concerns of the family. Now, what should be done so that both the students understand the lesson well and follow it, and the families do not have to worry about their children's academic failure? Some students think that not going to school and staying at home means that school and lessons are closed.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of interaction between teacher and student in the virtual social network on achievement motivation, academic vitality and sense of belonging at school. This research was practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of research method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes all the male students of the second secondary level of Sari city in the academic year of 2021-2022, and based on the GPower sample size calculation software, 72 people were selected as a statistical sample by purposive sampling method. Random assignment 36 people in the control group and another 36 people in the experimental group have been replaced. The measurement tools in the pre-test and post-test were Hermens' achievement motivation, Martin and Marsh's academic vitality, and the sense of belonging at school by Barry et al, the findings showed that teacher-student interaction in the virtual social network had a positive effect on the achievement motivation, academic vitality and sense of belonging at school, so that First, it has had an impact on the academic vitality, and then on the achievement motivation and the sense of belonging at school.

Background and

The critical position of spirituality and spiritual wellbeing has drastically been recognized in recent decades, and cognitive flexibility and metacognitive beliefs play an essential role in health-related behaviors. The present study investigated the mediating role of spiritual wellbeing between cognitive flexibility and the students’ metacognitive beliefs. 

The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all students of Islamic Azad University, Sari branch, Sari City, Iran, in the 2022-2023 academic year. A total of 364 students were selected by stratified random sampling based on their education level and were asked to answer the questionnaires about spiritual wellbeing (Palotzian and Ellison, 1982), cognitive flexibility (Dennis and Vanderwaal, 2010), and metacognitive beliefs (Wells and Cartwright-Houghton, 2004). Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling using SPSS software, version 24 and AMOS software, version 23.

In this study, 69% of the participants were women and 31% were men. About 57% were 25 years or younger, 63% were undergraduate students, 30% were postgraduate (Master’s degree), and 7% were PhD students. The results indicated that all direct paths between study variables were significant (P<0.01). The relationships of the indirect paths were significant through the mediating role of spiritual wellbeing (P<0.01).

According to the research results, spiritual wellbeing mediates cognitive flexibility and metacognitive beliefs in university students. Thus, it is possible to design special programs in order to improve metacognitive beliefs and strengthen cognitive flexibility through spiritual health.

The present study was conducted with the general aim of investigating the role of skill training in the development of multiple intelligences of preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of all preschool students (5-6 years old) in MahmoudAbad city in the academic year 2023-2022, who were selected by simple random sampling method, 64 people and randomly assigned to experimental groups (32 people) and control (32 people). The instrument for measuring the variables was Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Questionnaire, whose face and content validity was confirmed by experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.79. At the confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05), one-variable covariance analysis (ANCOA) showed that skill training has a significant positive effect on the development of multiple intelligences of preschool children in Mahmoud Abad city. Also, skill training has a significant positive effect on the development of verbal-linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, visual-spatial intelligence, motor-physical intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence and naturalistic intelligence.

Background &

Today's cities, especially metropolises, are very complex entities that, along with their historical transition to this complexity, different and increasingly complex perceptions and cognitions have emerged from them. Nearly five decades ago, cities were considered physical identities with the dominance of urban service infrastructure and manipulative entities in which changes were made to maximize functional benefit. Urban planning in the sense of spatial planning, location and location for land use, and economic analysis was the dominant approach to cities. With such an approach, managing the city based on infrastructure management and spatial-economic variables was a priority. But over the years, urban environments have faced a host of problems, spatial planning has failed to achieve its goals, and environmental problems have invaded urban structures. Studies have shown that improving technological infrastructure and urban services is not possible without the people, nor should these measures serve anything but the people. At the same time, the Mediatization and mass production of cultural products, the emergence of new social movements, the emergence of new demands on people of the modern age, and the dissatisfaction that arose for people in urban settings, needs, and wants. Created other environments for urban environments and human beings present in them. In the development literature, the position of human development, social development, culture and development, social capital, and in short, human orientation, social relations, and quality of life gradually emerged as a combination of economic, political, social, and environmental factors. It was natural for new approaches to urban management to emerge to provide a new formulation of urban management issues, priorities, and goals and to plan for urban management based on them. These developments do not mean that the position of technology, economy and spatial planning in cities has diminished. Urban management, urban specialists, and technologists are constantly coming up with new tools to improve transportation systems, reduce environmental pollution, improve communications, make municipal services cheaper, and other requirements, but that's the problem. All these achievements should be seen in addition to paying attention to human beings, targeting the quality of human life, public participation in the management and promotion of urban affairs, and strengthening the civic environment. On the other hand, the behavior of citizens is a set of voluntary behaviors that are not part of the official duties of the individual, but by doing so, the individual effectively improves his duties and plans in society. The most authoritative classification of the components of citizenship behavior has been provided by Oregon, which has been used in various studies, including social etiquette, altruism, work conscience, chivalry, and decency. Citizenship behavior improves organizational performance by influencing factors within the organization such as organizational climate, retaining qualified employees, improving morale, increasing organizational commitment, and job satisfaction, reducing the intention to leave the job, and reducing absenteeism and destructive job behaviors. Citizens' citizenship behavior also improves the quality of employee performance by improving external factors such as customer satisfaction, service quality, and customer loyalty. What affects the type of citizenship behavior of citizens is their physical and mental health, which is very important. One of the factors affecting organizational citizenship behavior and organizational performance is mental health. Increasing physical and mental health in society; means reducing social harms, reducing the cost of exchanges and interactions in the social, economic, cultural, and political spheres, expanding the participation and social interactions of citizens and civic institutions, and finally, facilitating and organizing urban services. Thus, policy-making to improve urban development and management requires mapping the space and the desired state of mental health. Therefore, physical and mental health, like other forms, should be considered by managers and the field of its maintenance and development should be provided in the organization. Managers and those who can create physical and mental health in citizens in the municipal organization according to their management style, pave the way for their professional and organizational success. According to this concept, social capital includes concepts such as unity, cooperation, and cooperation between members of a group or community that forms a purposeful system and leads them to achieve a valuable goal. This research seeks the effect of urban management style on the physical and mental health of citizens. The physical and mental health of citizens in each drawer is one of the main goals of management, so the main purpose of this study was the effect of urban management style on the physical and mental health of citizens.

Due to the nature of the research, which seeks to investigate the relationship between research variables, the present study is a survey. The statistical population of this study, including all citizens of Tehran, was estimated to be more than 8 million people. The sample size was 384 people through the Krejcie Morgan table by random sampling method. The collection tool in this study is a researcher-made questionnaire made by Urban Management and Mental Health David Goldberg (1972). In this study, PLS2 and SPSS tests were used to analyze the data

The results showed that the urban management style affects the physical and mental health of citizens. It was observed that the significance value of t for the hypothesis was greater than 1.96. Because the standard path coefficient between these two variables is positive and equal to 0.610, so it can be said that by increasing the standard deviation in urban management style, we will see an increase in the physical and mental health of citizens by 0.610 standard deviations. Was. Therefore, with a 95% probability, urban management style has a significant effect on the physical and mental health of citizens.

The results showed that the physical and mental health of citizens is one of the important goals in any society that urban management style can be considered as an important financial and effective on these components. Social behaviors are very similar to citizenship behaviors in organizations, which is the behavior of employees. Behaviors that go beyond the requirements of their role and facilitate the functioning of the organization. Mental health encompasses organizational citizenship behaviors by improving close interpersonal relationships. With the advent of the information and knowledge age, new concepts have emerged in the management and business environment so that the future competitive advantage of organizations depends on the effective and appropriate use of these new variables. Citizenship behavior is one of those concepts that has been the subject of serious research for the last decade. On the other hand, an organization with more mentally healthy employees will benefit from a competitive advantage that can help them outperform their competitors. In the field of modern urban management, the discussion of management model and style is one of the key issues related to how cities are governed. According to the research results, it can be suggested that principals increase organizational culture among teachers by creating an environment with interaction, altruism, work ethic, responsibility, and applying the dimensions of influence.

During the covid-19 epidemic, the use of online electronic education in Islamic Azad University centers grew especially. The use of this educational system among the students of these centers was considered new and associated with educational consequences. Therefore, on this basis, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between self-efficacy with self-regulated learning in virtual education of students during the epidemic of Covid-19.

This study was conducted with a descriptive correlational method. The statistical population was all the nursing and midwifery students of the nursing and midwifery faculties of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province, in the number of 1248 people, of which 297 people were selected by stratified random sampling according to the Karajesi and Morgan table (midwifery = 125 people and nursing = 172 people). The research tools are Pinterich and Diegrot's (1990) self-regulation learning strategies questionnaires with 47 items and Scherer's (1982) general self-efficacy questionnaires with 17 items. In order to analyze the data, descriptive tests such as mean, standard deviation and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. All statistical topics were analyzed using SPSS version 23 statistical software and significance level (p<0.05).

Resuls: 

The results showed that between self-efficacy and its dimensions (effort, perseverance, and initiative) with self-regulation learning (p<0.001) and its dimensions (internal goal orientation (p<0.001), task value (There is a significant positive (direct) relationship between critical thinking (p<0.001) and critical thinking (p<0.001) in online courses.

In general, it can be concluded that with the increase in self-efficacy, the level of self-regulated learning in nursing and midwifery students increases. Therefore, one effective way to increase students' self-regulated learning in online courses is to pay attention and focus on their self-efficacy.

The current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the current and future attitudes of students and professors of the medical department of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran in order to use mobile learning in the teaching and learning process using a survey method.The statistical population was, first, all the professors, including faculty members and teaching staff in the medical department, and the second statistical population was all the students of the medical department in the academic year 1400-01, which was 175 people by stratified random sampling method. 310 professors and students were selected as a statistical sample. The measuring instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was calculated to be 0.89 using the internal consistency method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. At the confidence level of 95% (α=0.05), the one-group t-test showed that the present and future attitudes of students in using mobile learning are more than average and positive. Also, the present and future attitude of professors in using mobile learning is more than average and positive. The t-test for independent groups showed that the current attitude of students and professors in using mobile learning is not different, and currently students and professors of the medical department have the same attitude towards using mobile learning in the teaching and learning process. However, the future attitude of students and professors in the use of mobile learning is different and the future attitude of the professors of the medical department in order to use mobile learning in the teaching and learning process is more positive than the students' attitude.

The purpose of this research was to predict mental well-being based on action control and psychological hardiness in teenagers. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study included all teenagers aged 12 to 18 in 2023 who had visited all private counseling and psychotherapy centers in district 9 of Tehran. Hence, the sample size of the study was determined to be 300 people based on Kline (2016). For the purpose of sampling, the statistical sample of the research was selected using the targeted and available sampling method by referring or sending the questionnaire form to the relevant centers. The tools used to collect information included Lang et al.'s Psychological Hardiness Scale (2004), Diefendorf's Action Control Scale (2000), and Ryff's Mental Well-Being Scale (2002). The results of regression analysis showed that psychological hardiness with a beta coefficient of 0.15 and action control with a beta coefficient of 0.16 can positively predict the subjects' mental well-being (p>0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that the mental well-being of adolescents can be predicted through action control variables and psychological hardiness.

the most valuable capital of an organization is its human power, and since the current crisis epidemic caused by the coronavirus (Covid-19), educational systems around the world have been forced to provide education to students, all training should be done in cyberspace, which can affect the job satisfaction of employees. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the overall aim of comparing the job satisfaction of young teachers familiar and unfamiliar with the principles of electronic content production in education during the Covid-19 disease. 

The research method was applied, descriptive, post-event, or causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of all young teachers familiar and unfamiliar with the principles of electronic content production in education in Sari city in the academic year 2019-2020, which was 100 people (familiar: 50 people and unfamiliar: 50 people) by sampling method. The instrument for measuring the variables was Grixon's standard job satisfaction questionnaire (1987), whose content validity was confirmed by experts. To confirm the reliability, the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the job satisfaction questionnaire was 0.81. This research used a t-test for independent groups toanalyze the data.

The results showed that the average job satisfaction scores in the group of familiar teachers (3.99) were higher than the group of unfamiliar teachers (3.35) and the results of the independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups familiar and unfamiliar with the principles of electronic content production. In other words, the level of job satisfaction of teachers familiar with the principles of electronic content production in education in the Corona era is higher than that of teachers unfamiliar with the principles of electronic content production in education in the Corona era. 

In general, the results of the study show that using the professional standards of teachers and applying the experiences of developed countries, and encouraging employees to update their specialized knowledge and professional skills can affect their job satisfaction.

during the Covid 19 epidemic, the level of job motivation and mental health was negatively affected, on the other hand, e-learning was developed during this period, so the purpose of this study is to present a relationship model between e-learning, mental health, and job motivation during the Covid 19 epidemic. It was done by Don's staff. The current research is a descriptive, applied, and survey research that was conducted in the field. To conduct this research, 2016 people were randomly selected from among the staff of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services and its affiliated faculties, and 322 people were selected as a sample based on Morgan's table. After obtaining the necessary permits, researcher-made questionnaires on career motivation and electronic education and Goldberg's mental health questionnaire (1972) were distributed among the sample and collected. Finally, the structural equation method using SPSS and PLs software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that e-learning has a significant effect on mental health and job motivation. The results confirm the effect of e-learning on the mental health and job motivation of employees, so it is suggested that managers pay attention to e-learning to improve the performance and vitality of employees and find ways to increase the level of mental health and job motivation among employees.

 The global epidemic of the disease caused by the coronavirus (Covid-19), as a severe acute respiratory syndrome that appeared in December 2019, not only as a threat to the health and lives of millions of people around the world was considered The sudden outbreak of covid-19 faced many challenges in the education systems of the world and affected the field of education. In 120 countries, face-to-face learning stopped and the education of one billion students was ordered to close schools and higher education as an emergency measure to prevent the spread of infection. In the face of the Covid-19 epidemic, health protocols emphasized social distancing, and in many countries, including our country, the education of students is not interrupted during the period of social distancing and the curriculum continues according to the predetermined schedule. Different solutions were presented. In fact, with the beginning of the closure of schools to help eliminate this virus, the concern of developing and implementing educational programs to continue education at home and in the conditions of home quarantine is one of the biggest challenges of educational systems, including education. And breeding became. In such a way that international institutions and organizations, such as the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization, were forced to work hard to develop curricula, guidelines, and educational guides for these conditions. Although Covid-19 could have negative effects on educational activities, social distancing has stimulated the growth of online educational activities so that there is no disruption in education. The electronic learning system has created educational environments that are not dependent on any specific location or time and allows teachers to teach a course simultaneously or asynchronously or use a combination of these two modes. In this way, electronic education or education through virtual space was chosen as one of the important and serious programs in education. Electronic education and learning are one of the achievements that have transformed our world. So, in the field of health, virtual education can be used to increase the level of awareness and perform physical activity. Paying attention to motor and cognitive function during life and investigating effective factors for preventing the decline of body functions have always been of interest to researchers, therefore, the purpose of this research is the effect of a course of physical activity through virtual training on indicators of aggression and self-control in women in The critical situation of Corona was in 2019.

The statistical population studied in this research included all the women in the sports hall of one district of Tehran in 2019. In this survey, an available sampling method was used, in the first stage, 3 districts were randomly selected from the ten districts of one district of Tehran city, which included districts 5, 6, and 9, each district had two clubs. One from each area was randomly selected. Then, after each morning and evening shift of classes held in the hall, one group from the morning shift and one group from the evening shift were randomly selected. In the next step, research questionnaires were administered to all women as a group. Then 30 women who had a significantly low score in the self-control questionnaire and a significantly high score in the aggression questionnaire were identified. Then these 30 people were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The aerobic exercise program was performed for 24 sessions and three sessions of 60 minutes each week with an intensity equal to 65-80 maximum heart rate. Before the beginning of the sessions and at the end of the last session, the aggression and self-control questionnaire was completed. To analyze the research data, descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, mean and standard deviation, as well as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic to check the normality of the data and at the level of inferential statistics while respecting the assumptions, at the level of the total score of the questionnaires, from the t analysis correlated to The statistical software SPSS version 22 was used at a significance level of P≤0.05.

The results of the correlation t analysis show that in the physical activity group, aggression improved with a significant level of 0.011, and self-control improved with a significant level of 0.042.

The results showed that aggression and self-control improved in the physical activity group. The results of the present study are a confirmation of previous studies regarding the role of physical activity in improving psychological, cognitive, and mood states. It is suggested that in line with the tendency of citizens to exercise more and more and increase their physical activity, on the one hand, to improve the changeable conditions of people's living environment, such as making it easier to access recreational-sports spaces, including the development of walking paths leading to these places, providing more services public transportation from different parts of the city and increasing the personal security of people on the street, and on the other hand, to strengthen the psychological-social factors through holding sports competitions in different age groups at the level of each neighborhood, equipping and attracting sports facilities in accordance with the interests of use - Participants in the direction of establishing and increasing the level of self-control and reducing aggression of people, providing sports fields for family use such as walking festivals with the aim of increasing role modeling, social support of the family and informing about the benefits of physical activity through social media and city advertisements to increase The level of awareness and social norms of different people, their family and relatives, should be given more attention. It should be kept in mind that this research was on women referring to clubs in one area of ​​Tehran, so one should be careful in generalizing the results to other people, which was one of the limitations of the present research. The researcher couldn't control all the influencing variables (such as the motivation to participate in training sessions) on the subjects, which was one of the limitations of this research.

One of the most important resources of any organization is the human force of that organization. Organizational health is one of the most telling and obvious indicators of organizational effectiveness. In a healthy organization, the manager has a very friendly and supportive behavior with his employees and has unity in his plans. Employees also have a greater desire to work in the organization and do things more effectively. Organizational health is more about the durability and survival of the organization in its environment and adaptability to it and the promotion and expansion of its ability to compromise. Factors such as the perception and perception of employees, the way of managing affairs, the policies of the organization, the nature and extent of supervision, job security, working conditions, status and dignity, the level of salaries and wages, the establishment of mutual relations, supervisors, peers, and supervisors, and the personal life of employees. The general public thinks of optimism as seeing the glass as half full seeing a shiny layer in every phenomenon, or the habit of expecting a happy ending for every real problem. The angle of positive thinking from positive thinking and optimism indicates that optimism requires repeating self-reinforcing phrases such as "I am improving in different ways every day" or visualization. That all work is done successfully. In all these cases, there are manifestations of optimism and positive thinking, but optimism is deeper than these. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of organizational health on the academic optimism of the professors of Islamic Azad University Sari branch.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of method, which was carried out in the field. The statistical population of this research includes all the professors of Islamic Azad University, Sari branch, who were working in 1401. The number of the statistical population was 360 people according to the inquiry from the recruitment unit of Azad University of Sari. According to the table of Karjesi and Morgan, 186 people were selected through a simple random sampling method. The research tools included two organizational health questionnaires by Hoy and Feldman (1996) and an academic optimism questionnaire by Baird et al. (2010), both of which were standard questionnaires. Their reliability coefficient was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient for organizational health (0.92) and academic optimism (0.79), which indicates the appropriate reliability of this questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic variables and SPSS software was used to check the research hypotheses. One of the most important prerequisites for performing parametric tests is checking the normality of data distribution in the dependent variable. For this purpose, for each of the studied variables, the test of normality of data distribution has been done.

The findings of the research show that the significance level of the variables of organizational health and academic optimism (Sig=0.000) is smaller than the predicted error (α=0.05), so the relationship between the variables is statistically significant. It is significant and since the calculated correlation coefficient is equal to 0.585, it can be concluded that there is a direct and significant relationship between organizational health and academic optimism of professors. In a more detailed explanation, it can be said that so far, different conceptualizations of optimism have been implemented, an example of which is nature optimism and explanatory optimism. Optimism of nature or tendency is a general expectation based on the fact that in the future, more good events will happen than bad events. Shier et al. argue that optimistic people, in the face of difficulties, continue to pursue their valued goals and by using effective coping strategies, they and their states adjust their personalities so that they can reach their goals. One of the fundamental changes that happened in recent decades in the field of psychology is that unlike the previous psychologists who focused their research and scientific works on the disturbing aspects of thoughts and pathological aspects of the psyche. were focused on human beings, today many psychologists, in addition to dealing with the morbid and pathological aspects of the human psyche, also pay attention to the positive aspects of human thoughts, beliefs, feelings and behaviors. The concept of optimism is one of the central and important topics of positive psychology, which emerged in the field of psychology as a result of the value change in beliefs, in recent decades, by people such as Allport, Erikson, Fromm, Maslow, Rogers, and Peterson. and tries to make the presence of positive components in various aspects of human life more vivid and impressive with scientific methods and perspective. Higher education is one of the most basic and important organizations in the world today, and most people have direct and indirect relations with this organization, and this shows the key and vital role of this institution in the complex life of humans. Knowledge of organizational health can be a facilitator and predictor of the quality and continuity of the health system, and it can lead to the implementation of programs in a scientific and expert manner, avoiding imprudent actions. Organizational health refers to an environment that facilitates the growth and development of an organization and enables the achievement of goals. Organizations, while thinking about their preservation and survival, should take a step beyond this view and pay attention to their consequences and effects on the society. Social responsibility is considered as an important issue for any organization, the factor of its survival or decline.

The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational health and the academic optimism of teachers, and according to the results of this research, it was determined that the contribution of each component of organizational health in predicting the academic optimism of teachers is different.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the use of electronic content in online education on academic performance, academic motivation and academic vitality of elementary school students during the outbreak and corona epidemic, using a quasi-experimental method with a control group. The statistical population of all sixth grade elementary school students in Miandrood City in the academic year 2020-2021 was 20 people selected by simple random sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (10 people) and control (10 people) Were selected as. The instruments for measuring variables were standard questionnaires of academic performance by (pham, taylor 1999), academic motivation (Harter, 1980) and academic vitality (Martin, Marsh 2006). One-variable analysis of covariance (ANCO) showed that the use of electronic content in online education has an effect on students' academic performance, academic motivation and academic vitality. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that the effect of using electronic content in online education on academic vitality (Effect size: 0.76) was greater. In the next ranks are academic motivation (Effect size: 0.74) and academic performance (Effect size: 0.73), respectively. The results show that in order to improve and improve each of the variables of academic performance, academic motivation and academic vitality in elementary school students, electronic content can be used in online education.

During the Covid-19 epidemic, the use of online e-learning in higher education has grown significantly. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the application of e-learning in nursing students of nursing schools of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran in 2020.

This study was a descriptive survey method. The statistical population was all 650 nursing students in the nursing schools, which by stratified random sampling method according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 242 people (female = 184 and male = 58) as Samples were selected. The research instrument was a researcher-made 20-item questionnaire based on Farajollahi (2012) questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by experts and by internal consistency method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the total reliability was calculated to be 0.89. Data analysis was performed by one-group t-test and t-test for independent groups at a significant level (α= 0.05).

The application rate of e-learning in nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran Province (3.60 ± 1.06) is higher than average (cut-off point: 3) (P<0.05). Application rate of e-learning (3.60 ± 1.06) and its dimensions Information quality (3.74 ±0.98), system quality (3.45 ± 1.25), service quality (3.53 ± 1.14) And electronic satisfaction (3.33 39 1.39) are not different between male and female students during corona epidemic (α > 0.05).

The application of e-learning in nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran Province is more than average, desirable and satisfactory and to increase its level can be compared with other higher education centers in developed countries to determine and eliminate the gap in the centers. Achieved domestic education.