فهرست مطالب morteza nasiri

Three amine-functionalized resins were prepared by suspension polymerization of vinyl-benzyl chloride, divinylbenzene, and subsequent amination process. The effect of chain length and cyclic amine on the performance of resins was investigated in a multicomponent system (Re & Mo). Different amines were used in the investigation. Different analyses such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Kiejdahl’s and Volhard’s methods were used to characterize the synthesized resins. The synthesized resins then were assayed in a batch mode using binary solutions of Re(VII) and Mo to evaluate their efficiency in the selective sorption of rhenium ions. Among all investigated resins, resin C revealed better separation properties in acidic solution (pH=1) with the highest sorption capacity up to 46.4 mg Re/g and a distribution coefficient of 870 that is more attributed to a steric barrier created against the polymeric molybdenum ions that are larger than objective ions in the studied system.

Providing palliative care to the elderly and dying patients is a now and the future challenge. Nurses are the first group that provided palliative care and access and identifying the pain and suffering of patients is their first professional care. Therefore, palliative care education to nursing students can help to better care of these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the elements of palliative care curriculum for nursing students.

In this narrative review study, database of Magiran, SID, PubMed, Science Direct and Springer were searched. Articles were searched from 2000 to 2017 using keywords such as education, curriculum, palliative care and nursing.

A total of 1024 articles were found. 9 papers were selected for analysis. Four elements of curriculum including goal, content, teaching methods and evaluation of palliative care curriculum were accessed. The goal of this curriculum is to educate nursing students about end of life care and palliative care. Educational content emphasizes five categories including; the principles of palliative care, physical care, communication, ethics and psychosociocultural care. This curriculum used different methods for teaching and evaluating of students.

This curriculum emphasized the various aspect of the nursing palliative care with a review of the literature. Due to the need of nurses to palliative care such educational programs is necessary.

Assessment of circulating and scrub skills is an important issue in operating room (OR) programs. However, there is a lack of well‑designed tools that are specifically developed for this purpose. Hence, this study aimed to develop and determine the validity and reliability of a checklist to measure the circulating and scrub skills of OR novices.

This cross‑sectional methodological study was conducted among 124 OR technology students who were selected during three consecutive academic years (2019–2020 to 2021–2022). The developed checklist was evaluated with face validity, content validity (quantitative and qualitative), construct validity (known‑groups validity), criterion‑related validity (concurrent and predictive validities), internal consistency (Kuder–Richardson 20, KR‑20), and inter‑rater reliability (intra‑class correlation coefficient, ICC). Known‑groups validity was evaluated by comparing the difference between the checklist scores of first‑semester and third‑semester students using independent samples t‑test. Additionally, concurrent and predictive validities were evaluated by ICC through measuring the correlation between the total score of checklist and grades of a multiple‑choice test and two clinical apprenticeship courses, respectively. Data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.

After reconciling the preliminary checklist in terms of face and content validities, a checklist with 17 sub‑scales and 340 items called “Circulating and Scrub Skills of Operating Room Novices (CSSORN)” was developed. Regarding the known‑groups validity, the third‑semester students had higher scores compared to the first‑semester students (p < 0.001 in most sub‑scales). Besides, the total score of checklist showed a significant correlation with the criteria of concurrent and predictive validities (ICC = 0.64, ICC = 0.72; P < 0.001). The KR‑20 for the entire checklist was 0.90 (range: 0.60–0.93). The ICC for inter‑rater reliability was also 0.96 for the entire checklist (range: 0.76–0.99, P < 0.001 in all sub‑scales).

The CSSORN had appropriate validity and reliability to be used for measuring the circulating and scrub skills of OR novices. To shed light on the findings, further testing of this checklist on larger populations and in different contexts is suggested.

The occurrence of water shortage and drought stress during plant growth, is caused yield loss as well as the grain quality of rice genotypes. Hence, this experiment was conducted to determine eefects of different irrigation methods on rice grain yield and several important grain quality traits such as amylose percentage, degree of milling and gelatinization temperature in Rice Research Institute of Iran (Mazandaran Branch, Amol) in 2017. Experiment carried out as split plots using randomized complete blocks design with main factor of irrigation methods in three levels of flooding irrigation, alternate wetting and drying method up to 10 (AWD10) and 20 (AWD20) cm below the soil surface and sub-factor with ten rice genotypes. The results showed that different irrigation treatments were statistically significant on garin lenghg before cooking, crash grain, amylose content and gelatinization temperature. Among the genotypes, Neda with average of 6901.7 kg.ha-1 had the highest grain yield, harvest index 44.2%, milling efficiency, degree of milling 72.3% and healthy garin 65.3%. The highest degree of milling (90%), grain length after cooking (13.2 mm), elongation ratio (2 mm) and Gelatinization temperature (5.6) belong to Vandana, IR74428-153-2-3, Firozan and IR70416-53-2-2 genotypes, respectively. In general, considering to the important quantities and qualities traits of genotypes in irrigation regime treatments were not different from flooding method, therefore, the studied genotypes are recommended for planting in areas with lack of irrigation water. It should be noted that Neda genotype is introduced as a superior genotype due to increase of sevral important quantities and qualities traits compared to other genotypes.

Due to Iran's location in the arid and semi-arid region of the world, the possibility of drought is high. Therefore, implementing low irrigation technologies to increase the efficiency of limited water resources is a scientific solution to reduce water consumption. On the other hand, rice receives two to three times more water than other crops and drought in rice is the most important factor limiting production worldwide, which indicates the need for optimal use of water resources to determine the real water needs of rice plants. Therefore, development and introduction of drought tolerant genotypes, using new irrigation methods, is a useful method to improve water productivity and efficiency in the face of drought and water scarcity. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate rice genotypes by measuring traits related to photosynthetic pigments and yield in order to select drought tolerant genotypes.

The present study, evaluated physiological and qualitative traits of grain with 10 rice genotypes that were known as tolerant genotypes in seedling stage based on the measurement of traits and mechanisms of drought tolerance split-plot arrangement using randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2016, in Research Institute Rice (Mazandaran), Iran. Experimental research include three different irrigation regime (submerged surface (A0), alternate wetting and drying method up to 10 (A1) and 20 (A2) cm below the soil surface) and 10 genotypes rice that respectively are located in the main plots and sub-plots. The studied traits include physiological characteristics such as chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, harvest index, biological yield and grain yield. Photosynthetic pigments were measured by spectrophotometer and its concentration was performed by Welburn and Lichtenthaler (1994) method.

The results showed that the amounts of photosynthetic pigments in low irrigation treatments increased compared to flood irrigation. So that the ratio of chlorophyll a to b and carotenoid content in in AWD20 increased by 5 and 20% compared to flood irrigation treatment, respectively. Genotypes also showed a very significant effect on traits related to photosynthetic pigments and quantitative and qualitative grain yield. The AR8 genotype had the highest chlorophyll a and a / b (average of eight and two µgr.ml, respectively). The highest chlorophyll b and a+b were also observed in Vandana genotype with an average of 5.2 and 13 μg.ml. The highest grain and biological yields were related to Shiroodi and IR74428-153-2-3, respectively. The interaction of the treatments showed that Neda genotype among other genotypes during AWD20 water stress has a greater advantage over the studied traits.

The results of this study indicated the preservation of quantitative and qualitative traits of genotypes under drought stress. Also, genotypes showed different reactions to the studied traits. Neda, Vandana, AR8 and IR74428-153-2-3 genotypes were able to increase photosynthetic capacity and quantitative and qualitative grain yield by applying low irrigation treatments.

Water plays a very important role in the rice plant. In order to investigate the effects of irrigation methods and foliar application of nutrients on growth, yield, yield components, and quality of rice, an experiment has been conducted as split plots layouts based on a randomized complete block design with three replications and two factors including three irrigation methods (flooding, alternate wetting, drying, and Saturating) in the main plots as well as foliar spray in six levels (normal water, nitrogen, nitrogen+ potassium, nitrogen+ potassium+ zinc, nitrogen+ potassium+ zinc+ boron and nitrogen+ potassium+ zinc+ boron+ molybdenum) in the sub plots during 2018, in rice research institute, the deputy of Mazandaran (Amol), executed on a national cultivar. Results show that among irrigation method, fertilizer, and their interaction, paddy yield and percentage of amylose have been significantly at (p<0.01) percent with other qualitative traits being significant at (p<0.01) percent. The highest number of floret per panicle (198.73) and full grain (167.15), and percentage of amylose (21.67%) are obtained in saturated irrigation. The highest yield of paddy with an average of 6643.07 kg.ha-1 occurs in saturated irrigation under normal water foliar application and drought and moisture. Irrigation under nitrogen + potassium + zinc foliar irrigation with an average of 6163.13 kg.ha-1 compared to the control is obtained as the superior treatment in similar conditions were selected for this study.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar and nitrogen sources on agronomic traits and soil and plant nitrogen in rice Tisa in Tonekabon rice research station. The statistical design used was factorial in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications. The treated treatments included biochar at three levels (control, 20 and 40 t ha−1) and nitrogen sources at three levels (control, nitrogen fertilizer at 200 kg ha-1 and inoculation of seeds with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillum, Aztobacter and Pseudomonas). The results showed that among different nitrogen sources, the application of nitrogen chemical fertilizer led to a significant increase in some yield components, grain yield and nitrogen concentration in the plant, so that the number of fertile tillers per hill, grain yield, and nitrogen concentration in the grain and straw were increased by about 20.4%, 33.6%, 17.8% and 24.7%, respectively, compared to the control or without use of nitrogen.The results showed that in field conditions the interaction of treatments (Nitrogen chemical fertilizer × 20 tha−1 biochar, nitrogen chemical fertilizer × t ha−1 biochar, bacterial application × 20 t ha−1 biochar, bacterial application × 40 t ha−1 biochar) on straw nitrogen was significant. Nitrogen application in field conditions led to a significant increase in plant height, number of fertile tillers per mound, grain yield, biological yield and nitrogen concentration in grain. In greenhouse conditions the highest grain yield (90.71 g) in the interaction application of nitrogen fertilizer With 40 t ha−1 biochar of and the highest concentration of grain nitrogen (0.64 mg kg-1) were observed in bacterial inoculation treatment with 40 t ha−1. According to the results of this study, the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the amount of 200 kg ha-1 to achieve maximum rice grain yield and also the use of biochar in the amount of 20 and 40 t ha−1 to improve soil fertility is recommended.

Recent studies have reported inconclusive results regarding the therapeutic effects of Rosa damascena on the outcomes of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Hence, this study is aimed to summarize the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effects of this treatment on menstruation‑related pain as the primary outcome and menstruation‑related headache, fatigue, anxiety, and bloating as the secondary outcomes. This study evaluated parallel‑group and cross‑over RCTs on aromatherapy, topical treatment, or oral intake of R. damascena products for the treatment groups versus placebo, nontreated, or conventional treatment groups. Seven electronic databases (Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, SID, and MagIran) and one search engine (PubMed) were searched from inception to January 15, 2021. Of 1468 trials found in the initial search, 983 potentially relevant articles were screened by title and abstract. After examining the full‑text of 13 studies for compliance with the inclusion criteria, seven studies were considered eligible for this review. A random‑effects model was used to pool the data; otherwise, a narrative summary was presented. The retrieved studies were conducted on females with PD or PMS, aged 18–35 years. The total sample size of the intervention and comparator arms was 276 and 272. The results showed that R. damascena had a nonsignificant alleviating effect on the menstruation‑related pain (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.25, 0.31; P = 0.234). Such findings were also found for menstruation‑related anxiety (WMD: −0.40; 95% CI: −0.91, 0.11; P = 0.125). However, the treatment significantly reduced the menstruation‑related headache (WMD: −0.42; 95% CI: −0.74, −0.11; P = 0.008), fatigue (WMD: −0.48; 95% CI: −0.87, −0.09; P = 0.015), and bloating (WMD: −0.72; 95% CI: −1.21, −0.22; P = 0.005). Since R. damascena had no significant effects on menstruation‑related pain and anxiety, further studies with improved methodological quality are suggested to evaluate the effects of the treatment on these symptoms, using different dosages and durations.

In order to investigate the effect of different sulfur levels application with planting densityon yield and yield components of rice of Tarom mahali cultivar, a split plot experimentwas conducted in a completely randomized format with 12 treatments and 4 replications in2011 in Babol. Experimental factors included sulfur at 4 levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 g perseedling box) as the main factor and 3 planting density (30 × 13, 30 × 15 and 30 × 17 cm2)as a secondary factor. Measured traits included plant height, 1000-seed weight, number ofleaves, number of tillers, cluster length, number of pro-empty seeds, Leaf Area Index andseed yield. The results showed that the application of sulfur increased the number of fullgrains in the cluster and also the interaction effects of sulfur application and plantingdensity increased the weight of 1000 grains compared to the control. The results of meancomparison showed that planting density treatment 17× 30 cm2, 100 g of sulfur caused96.65% increase in 1000-seed weight compared to planting density treatment 17× 30 cm2and 50 g of sulfur. Also, the maximum and minimum number of tillers in the mound wereobtained from the combined treatment of planting density 17× 30 cm2 and 150 g of sulfurand planting density 15× 30 cm2 and 150 g of sulfur respectively.

In order to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation and certain types of potassium fertilizers on some physiological characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activity in rice (cv. Tarom Hashemi), two field experiments were conducted in the Amol and Savadkouh stations. Treatments were different irrigation methods at two levels (flooding, flooding after falling water depth under 10 cm of soil surface) and the application of different potassium fertilizers including potassium sulphate, potassium chloride and potassium biofertilizer at nine levels. Based on the results, relative water content (RWC) and soluble leaf proteins significantly decreased under deficit irrigation in both two stations as compared to flooding irrigation treatment. Also, the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase in both two stations, and the amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in the Amol station increased under deficit irrigation. Results demonstrated a positive effect of potassium fertilizer application through significant increment in soluble leaf proteins in both two stations.  Also, RWC and APX activity were increased in Amol station under limited irrigation condition. The highest amounts of grain yield was obtained from the50% of potassium sulfate (as basal) and 50% of potassium chloride (as top dressing) treatment under deficit irrigation that was around 22.8 and 21.5% higher than the control treatment in both Amol and Savadkouh stations, respectively. Generally, results showed an optimal effectiveness of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride application reducing undesirable effects of water deficit stress on rice grain yield.

Rice milling parameters consist of milling recovery, broken grain percent, chalkiness and whiteness due to the effect on waste, price, marketing and final income of production. Reducing in rice grain milling parameters due to climate change and global temperature increase is one of the most important challenges in many of the world's rice planting regions, including our country, and the changes in milling recovery, regardless of agronomic management, depend on the environmental conditions of each region, especially the air temperature on grain filling stage. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different local climates on milling parameters (MP) of two rice cultivars (cvs. ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’) and also to estimate the relationships between MP and average air temperatures (AAT) during the grain filling stage of rice (from anthesis stage (50% of flowers opened) to harvesting time) in Babolsar, Amol and Polesefid regions in Mazandaran province.

Three field experiments were conducted separately based on the randomized complete blocks design with four replications in Babolsar (-21 m sea level, asl), Amol (+24 m asl) and Polesefid (+625 m asl) in the north of Iran on two rice cultivars ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’ in 2014. All agronomic managements were done based on local recommendations in each region. Moreover, all studied traits were measured in the grain quality laboratory of Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran (Amol) in three months after harvesting.

The results indicated that the effects of different local climates were statistically significant on percentage of milling recovery, head and broken grain and chalkiness (P < 0.01). All studied traits in Polesefid were better than them in both Amol and Babolsar which can be due to lower temperature during the grain filling stage of rice. In general, milling recovery (1.46 and 1.03 %, respectively), amount of head grain (3.58 and 3.11 mm, respectively) and whiteness (1.25 and 1.42, respectively) increased linearly per unit increase in AAT in both ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’, respectively. Inversely, broken grain of rice (2.63 and 2.51%) and chalkiness content (1.65 and 4.24%) increased linearly per unit increase in temperature for ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’, respectively. Milling economic benefit also decreased 8000,000 and 12,000,000 Rial ha-1 per unit increase in temperature for ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’, respectively.

These results can be used for predicting the amount of rice milling wastage and estimating the effect of temperature on economic benefit under climate conditions of Mazandaran province. Based on our findings in this study, milling parameters variation were related to temperature which can be estimated in both cultivars (‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’) under different local climates of Mazandaran.

The remobilization of carbohydrates in shoots is one of the effective factors to grain filling in rice. To determine the contribution of dry matter remobilization of shoots in different rice genotypes, a research has been carried out with seven rice genotypes and two controls in RCBD design with three replications during 2017-2018 at rice research station of Shahid Shiroodi in Tonekabon county. Results show that among all genotypes, rate of dry matter remobilization via the flag leaf, stem, and total shoot has differed significantly at (p<0.01) percent and from other leaves at (p<0.05) percent level. Mean comparison among the genotypes indicates that the highest dry matter remobilization from flag leaf belongs to Genotype 952 with 56 g.m-2. The maximum carbohydrates remobilization in other leaves, stem and total shoots are assigned to Genotype 953 at 123, 230, and 398 g.m-2, respectively. Highest grain yield belongs to Genotype 952 with 7206 kg.ha-1. Correlation analysis results show that grain yield is positively and significantly correlated with dry matter remobilization from flag leaf, stem, and total shoots, as well as 1000-grain weight, having coefficients of 0.37, 0.55, 0.51, and 0.44, respectively. As a result of yield and dry matter remobilization rate, and the positive and significant correlation between them, both Genotypes 952 and 953 are suitable for continuing research activity and introduce a new rice cultivar especially in drought and hot stress conditions at the grain filling stage.

Buildings façade is one of the most significant factors to make the city concinnity; for this reason, special attention should be paid to aesthetics and cleaning them from pollution. The uncontrolled expansion of urban population growth in the world is the main cause of serious environmental problems and pollution in cities. In the construction industry, chemical, fungal and bacterial contaminants and also airborne particles are major environmental pollutants that directly affect on the building façade. This article review the various coatings used on the building facade, such as antibacterial and antifungal coatings, self-cleaning coatings and hydrophobic coatings, for increasing the age of color appearance and dirt resistance of the façade. Furthermore, various methods of measuring dirt-pickup of coatings have been investigated. Colorimetric methods are used to evaluate and measure dirt-pickup of the samples. The purpose of measurement is to select a suitable coating with ideal dirt resistance, to be used in various applications to maintain cleanliness and prevent discoloration of coatings over time.

Water deficit in soil and atmosphere are the most important limiting factor for photosynthesis and plants growth especially rice and negative effect are created on photosynthesis through absorption carbon decrees that is caused stomatal and metabolic constraints. Since the capacity for photo protection is limited, drought can lead to damaged and loss of active PSII reaction centers. Therefore, non-destructive measurements of photosynthesis by chlorophyll a fluorometry may potentially provide to plant viability and performance in response to drought. Rice sensitive to drought increase when drought happen during the vegetative and flowering period. plants response to drought stress by identification of character that an important role in drought tolerance can be assessment in levels of morphological, cellular, biochemical and molecular. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the rice genotypes by measuring the traits associated with photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence components in order to select appropriate criteria for screening and drought stress tolerant genotypes

This experiment was conducted completely randomized design in two condition of well watered and drought stress during seedling stage in rice genotypes with 56 different provinces of Iran and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in Iran Rice Research Institute (Amol) in 2014. After seeding, irrigation was carried out on a daily basis up to two to three leaf seedling stage. After 15 days, in Customary irrigated conditions, irrigation continued to end of the growth period and was completely cut off under irrigation stress. After soil moisture reached 20% (about 10 days after irrigation stop), the traits of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids and chlorophyll fluorescence components such as Fv / Fm, ΦPSII, q N, ETR and PAR was measured on the basis of scientific methods

The results showed that the amount of chlorophyll a and b, respectively, 2.3 and 21.4 percent increase and carotenoids content, 3.8 percent decline in drought stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters except Fv: Fm showed significant differences in the two environments. ΦPSII, qN, ETR and PAR parameters, respectively, the value of 7.3, 13, 35.5 and 28.8 percent were reduced in stress to normal condition. Correlation results showed that chlorophyll a with b and carotenoids with chlorophyll a and b had significant positive correlation. Correlation between ΦPSII with Fv:Fm and qN to correlation coefficient 0.29 and - 0.91 was significant, respectively, .

The results showed that under drought stress can be using chlorophyll pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, especially ΦPSII and ETR as evaluation criteria for the selection and screening of tolerant rice genotypes utilized

The pain and anxiety experienced by burn patients during dressing change cannot be thoroughly controlled by painkillers and anxiolytics. Evidence has documented that reciting the name of God can positively impact the reduction of pain and anxiety caused by aggressive procedures. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of reciting the name of God on the pain and anxiety caused by dressing change in patients with burn injuries.

The present clinical trial study was performed on 71 patients admitted to the burn ward of Nekouei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Patients were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups using the stratified randomization method. Thereafter, 10 min before dressing change, the patients in the experimental group were asked to recite the name of God, while the cases in the control group received the routine care. Patients' pain intensity was measured before mentioning the name of God and immediately after dressing change. Anxiety caused by burn pain was measured before mentioning the name of God, before dressing change, immediately after dressing change, and 15 min later. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test).

The mean age of participants was reported as 44.59±9.13. The result of the independent t-test showed that the mean score of pain immediately after dressing change was found to be lower in the intervention group, compared to the control group (P=0.04). Moreover, the result of pair t-test in the intervention group demonstrated that the mean score of pain-induced anxiety was lower immediately after dressing change, in comparison with the time before reciting the name Of God (P<0.001).

As evidenced by the obtained results, reciting the name of God can reduce the anxiety and pain associated with wound dressing changes in burn patients. Therefore, it is suggested that the name of God be used along with pharmaceutical interventions to control pain and anxiety experienced at dressing change.

Many of disabilities of handicaps is related to Inappropriate physical environment that by removing them can create an environment to response their needs. The universal design implies designing the environments in a manner that it is usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for further adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate Universal design of Veteran Hospices of Tehran.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in 2016. Samples were selected through census sampling. All of the Veteran Hospices in Tehran (overall 4 Hospices) evaluated by using the Nursing Home Physical Fitness Checklist, which consisted of 12 subscales and 70 items also Content validity index was equal to 0.927. that have been used to calculate the content validity index (CVI) . 

The findings of this study showed that Majority of Veteran Hospices in terms of available Prayer room, kitchen,  heating and cooling conditions, management section and were in conformance with the Universal design criteria and in half of the Veteran Hospices, library, staff restroom and suitable laundry room available were in conformance, while only quarter of the Hospices had extinguishers. Also The criteria in the majority of Hospices (75٪) was adequately met in terms of the items of, treatment and rehabilitation room, main entrance and courtyard, while only 25٪ Hospices, living room, bathroom and stairs and ramp were in conformance.

The majority Veteran Hospices evaluated did not follow the Universal design criteria. Therefore, providing the Compatible situation and Living environment through policy and more accurate planning to create a suitable Environment is necessity.

In this research, poly(styrene-spiropyran) photo-responsive polymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization. For this purpose, an acrylate group was substituted on the spiropyran to allow the polymerization by the vinyl group. Different analyses such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis spectroscopy, and water contact angle analysis were used to characterize and evaluate the properties of the synthesized polymers. The results of NMR and FTIR analyses indicated the successful copolymerization of styrene and spiropyran. The optical properties of the polymers were evaluated in a chloroform solvent. The color of all solutions was changed to purple by UVA irradiation, which subsequently was eliminated by visible light with a wavelength of 590 nm. Contact angle analysis showed that with increasing spiropyran content, the contact angle of coatings increased and the surfaces were more hydrophobic. UV irradiation made the surface hydrophilic. The water contact angle changes during UV irradiation increased with increasing the spiropyran content of the coatings. As a result, the hydrophobic surface became a hydrophilic one. Therefore, photo-responsive coatings were developed using poly(styrene-spiropyran) polymers.

suspension polymerization of styrene in the presence of graphite was carried out. The polymerization reaction kinetics was investigated to gain better insight into manipulating process parameters. The particle size distribution and thermal conductivity of the foams were studied by considering different parameters.

Product characterization and the reaction thermal kinetics were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), particle size distribution and thermal conductivity measurements. The effect of graphite and initiator concentration on the reaction kinetics was investigated.

The results showed that the graphite profoundly reduced the rate of reaction and consequently caused instability in the suspension. By manipulating the process variables such as increasing the amount of stabilizers (1 to 2%) and initiator (up to 0.6% by wt), their frequency and injection time, the polymerization of styrene in the presence of graphite was done. The beads were spherical and the superfine (less than 420 μm) proportion of the product was less than 5%. Through the pre-expansion process, the beads were expanded and the cell structure was uniform. The pentane content of the beads was sufficient (~7% by wt) to successfully sinter the pre-expanded beads in the final molding process. Final foams had 0, 1 and 1.5% graphite. By increasing the graphite content, the thermal conductivity of the foams was decreased. Graphite-containing foams were better thermal insulators than conventional expandable polystyrene. Therefore, for a specific thermal duty, a smaller amount of graphite-containing expandable polystyrene rather than conventional polystyrene is required and consequently, the total cost of the insulation is reduced.

In order to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation and different types of potassium fertilizers on improving the photosynthetic pigments content and chlorophyll florescence parameters in rice (cv. Tarom Hashemi), two field experiments were conducted in the Rice Research Institute (Amol) and model farm located in Savadkouh in a split plot based randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments were different irrigation methods at two levels (flooding, flooding after falling water depth under 10 cm of soil surface) and nine levels of potassium fertilizers application (including potassium sulphate, potassium chloride and biofertilizer). Chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents, maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence, electron transport rate of photosystem II (ETR) and grain yield significantly decreased under deficit irrigation in both two stations as compared to flooding irrigation treatment. Current research demonstrated a positive effect of potassium fertilizer application through significant increment in chlorophyll content and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) index in limited irrigation condition. The highest amounts of grain yield (4945 and 4770 kg ha-1 in the Amol and Savadkouh stations, respectively) were recorded when 50% of potassium sulfate and 50% of potassium chloride were applied as a basal and top dressing, respectively. According to the significant and positive correlation between grain yield and chlorophyll a and a+b content, maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and ETR, it can be conclude that the application of 50% of potassium sulfate as a basal and 50% of potassium chloride as a top dressing was the most effective treatment in term of the studied traits, especially in the limited irrigation condition.

The recognition and enforcement of intellectual property foreign judgments as the result of other substantive issues of conflict of laws (jurisdiction and governing law) are in these cases. Due to the increasing international trade relations, especially with respect to intellectual property rights, the number of such claims has increased, and the need to internationally recognition and enforcement of the judgments issued in this area is felt in different ways. Given the background of the issue in international documents, this issue is not long ago, and recently some non-binding legal principles have been adopted by some foreign law institutes. Iranian law is silent in this regard and only the general provisions of Iran’s civil law and the law on the enforcement of civil judjments can be invoked. The main issue of this paper is that given the specific nature of intellectual property rights, is the existing system sufficient to recognise and enforce foreign intellectual property judjments, or does it require the formulation of specific rules in this regard?

Contrast has many applications in different medias; i.e., printing the texts and images (posters, billboards, business cards), screen displays (TVs, mobiles, laptops) and designing of software’s and websites. In this article, the color contrast feature is studied to investigate the manner of selection of colors for text and background in different displaying medias. In this regard, the features of color contrast, effective color parameters and effects of color contrast to distinguish the text from the background are studied and results of these effects in different medias are discussed. Based on studies have been down on color contrast features, it was found that readability, resolution, and using of various color combination for charming effect of the text should be considered. The results show that using different textures and backgrounds with different colors or contexts, can affect the readability, attractiveness and resolution of the texts. Besides, different factors related to the text arrengment, i.e., font type, size and space between words and lines may affect the readability. Finally, parameters such as changing the type of light source and the time factor can increase or decrease the color contrast property.

  Water management in agriculture and rice cultivation can greatly reduce the constraints and problems caused by water scarcity. Irrigation has a significant role in rice yield and rice yield components, and any water stress reduces filling percentages Grain and eventually reduce grain yield. Regarding recent droughts, lack of water resources at the country level, inadequate water in different stages of rice growth and, finally, reduction of rice yield, it is necessary So with proper planning, apply proper irrigation management from existing sources and soluble elements Food, maximize use to maintain optimal performance. This experiment In order to evaluate the effect of different irrigation methods on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) an experiment was conducted at Rice Research Institute of Iran (Mazandaran - Amol) in 2017. This study was conducted as split plot In the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications on the Keshvari rice cultivar. Treatments included different methods of irrigation At three levels (flushing, wet and drying and saturation) As the main factor and spraying with food elements Each in a ratio of five in a thousand In six levels (ordinary water, nitrogen, nitrogen + potassium, nitrogen + potassium + zinc, nitrogen + potassium + zinc + boron and nitrogen + potassium + zinc + boron + molybdenum) As a sub-agent. The results of ANOVA indicated that the irrigation factor in terms on grain yield and biological yield was significant at 1% level and was not significant in other traits. Spraying factor on any of the traits was not meaningful. The interaction of irrigation and fertilizer in terms on paddy yield in 5% and in terms on biological yield was significant at 1% level and was not significant in other traits. The interactions of two irrigation and fertilizer treatments showed that the highest yield of rice with an average of 7284 kg ha-1 and the lowest with average 4690 kg ha-1, respectively, was related to watering irrigation under nitrogen + potassium spraying and irrigation drying under water spraying conditions. In general, the results of this experiment showed that the yield of sprat in saturated irrigation increased by 1.15% and in AWD irrigation, 11.85% decrease compared to traditional flooding irrigation. Water consumption in AWD irrigation and saturation were 26.4% and 9.9%, respectively, compared to waterlogging irrigation. The highest grain yield was obtained in N + K combination fertilizer application in saturated irrigation. Considering the results of this research, one of the irrigation wet and drying and saturation methods were prioritized in rice irrigation, respectively, in this study and benefit from it.

The religious needs of hospitalized patients are reportedly not appropriately met. The purpose of this study was to explain the experiences of nurses about the barriers to providing religious care for hospitalized patients. This qualitative study was conducted on 21 nurses working in a hospital affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, in 2017, using the conventional content analysis. Data collection was performed using semi-structured interviews lasting about 60-95 min. The barriers related to the nursing staff included efforts to meet the patient’s physical needs, not giving priority to religious care, lack of knowledge and skills, ambiguity in religious care, poor motivation for nursing, routine work, belief that religious care provision is apart from nursing duty, inability in communicating with the patient, lack of holistic care, and belief that religion is personal. In addition, the barriers related to the patient entailed the lack of patient's request for religious care, lack of knowledge about religious care as a part of nursing care, and physical condition. Finally, the management-related barriers pertained to the lack of facilities, including insufficient space, lack of religious books in the departments, lack of sand for Tayammum, lack of a prayer room, not facing the patients toward Qiblah, high workload, crowded wards, and nursing staff shortage. Nurses should consider religious care in hospitals as an important aspect of nursing care and receive necessary instruction on holistic care. Furthermore, nurses interested in this domain should receive support for the delivery of religious care.

The current study aimed to examine the effects of strategic planning, online planning, strategic planning and online planning combined (joint planning), and no planning on the complexity, accuracy, and fluency of oral productions in two simple and complex narrative tasks. Eighty advanced EFL learners performed one simple narrative task and a complex narrative task with 20 minutes in between. The order of the two stories was counterbalanced to control for any possible practice effect. The results suggest that no planning in both tasks was the least effective. Strategic planning led the learners to elevate both their complexity and fluency significantly in the narrative simple task and only their fluency in the complex task. Online planning helped the participants improve their accuracy significantly both in the simple and complex tasks. Finally, joint planning resulted in the significant elevation of accuracy and fluency in the simple task on the one hand, and complexity and accuracy in the complex task on the other. With respect to the effect of task complexity, the interaction between task complexity and CAF was significant. The results and comparisons between groups are discussed in the light of Levelt’s model of speaking, Skehan’s Trade-off Hypothesis, and earlier studies.

BACKGROUNDRecent trials have shown controversial results on which enteral feeding methods has a lower risk of enteral feeding intolerance. Therefore, we aimed to compare two methods of bolus and intermittent feeding on enteral feeding intolerance of patients with sepsis.
METHODSThis triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 patients with sepsis, who were fed through tubes for at least 3 days. The patients were randomly assigned into bolus feeding, intermittent feeding, and control groups. Enteral feeding intolerance of all patients was recorded in 3 consecutive days by a researcher-made checklist including the data on gastric residual volume, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal distension.
RESULTSThere were no significant differences between the three studied groups in none of the intervention days pertaining to constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal distention, and gastric residual volume (p >0.05). Also, no statistically significant difference was found between all variables in the three studied groups during the 3 days (p >0.05).
CONCLUSIONAs enteral feeding intolerance of patients with sepsis was similar in both bolus and intermittent feeding methods, it can be concluded that bolus method can still be used as a standard method to decrease the risk of enteral feeding intolerance if it is used properly.