mostafa nasirzadeh

 One of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide is colorectal cancer. Considering its impact on people’s lives, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention (EI) based on the health belief model (HBM) on encouraging men aged 50-70 years in Sangan to undergo colorectal cancer screening (CRCS).

 In this randomized educational trial, two health centers of Sangan were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. Then, 53 people from each health center were selected using simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. Therefore, the intervention group received EI based on HBM in four 60-minute training sessions (TSs) in 3 groups of 15-20 people by different teaching methods. Additionally, the practical steps of doing the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) were taught in these sessions. One month after the EI, data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0.

 Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the constructs of the HBM between the groups (P>0.05), except for the perceived barriers (P=0.009). However, one month after the EI, there were significant differences in the constructs between the groups (P<0.05).

 It seems that the EI based on HBM has positive impacts on encouraging people to do FIT for CRC prevention.

Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure a child’s health. This study investigated the effect of an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF).

In this randomized educational trial, 132 pregnant women were divided into two intervention groups and one control group using a multi-stage random clustering method. The first intervention group received interventions based on the TPB. In the extended theory group, interventions to promote breastfeeding self-efficacy and social support for breastfeeding were also provided. In order to collect information, the constructs of the planned behavior questionnaire, Dennis’s breastfeeding self-efficacy questionnaire and boateng’s breastfeeding social support questionnaire were used, all of which have confirmed validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test, analysis of covariance, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square and Bonferroni tests. 

All the constructs of the TPB in both groups improved after the intervention (P<0.05). The results also showed that although the breastfeeding self-efficacy score was improved in the extended group (0.009), the three groups did not show significant differences in this regard (P=0.241). Although the social support score improved in the extended group, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.145). The analysis of variance revealed that the scores for intention and behavior had significant differences among the three groups (P=0.0001). However, the post hoc Bonferroni test showed no significant difference between the two intervention groups (P>0.05). 

This study showed that the constructs of both the TPB and the extended TPB could effectively promote EBF behavior. It appears that combining the use of planned behavior theory constructs with social support structures and breastfeeding self-efficacy can be effective in promoting breastfeeding behavior.

Indiscriminate consumption of energy, environmental pollution, and destruction of natural resources are among the most important issues related to pro-environmental behavior of people in society, and environmental values play an important role in shaping internal motivations of people about environmental issues. This study was conducted to determine the effects of environmental values on pro-environmental behavior and attitude of housewives in Rafsanjan, southeast area of Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 housewives who were selected as random in health-care centers in Rafsanjan city. The data collection was done by a validated questionnaire regarding environmental values, attitude, and behavior. Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and ANOVA statistical tests were used to analyze data in SPSS.V22 software.

The mean score of environmental values was 3.37 ± 26.76 (89.2%), which was significant according to the level of education (p = 0.016). The mean score of attitude and environmental values was 6.88 ± 40.65 (81.3%) and 40.22 ± 5.66 (80.44%), respectively. Also, there was a significant relationship between the score of pro-environmental behaviors and the level of education (p = 0.012). Pearson's correlation showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between environmental values and attitudes (r = 0.239, p = 0.01) and pro-environmental behaviors (r = 0.146, p = 0.01).

Based on the results, educated housewives believe more value for the environment, and have more appropriate pro-environmental behavior; thus, planning to sensitize society members, especially housewives, regarding the values of environmental protection through religious and cultural-based environmental education programs and increasing the level of education are recommended.

Physical activity during retirement is one of the health promotion determinants in this group. This study was conducted to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on the health action process approach (HAPA) on the levels of physical activity among retired female employees.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 97 retired women, selected through a simple random sampling technique, and divided into two groups. The primary instruments employed for data collection included the International Standard Physical Activity Behavior Questionnaire (IPAQ) and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the HAPA. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, incorporating a range of statistical tests, namely Spearman's correlation, independent and paired t-tests, the Willcoxon signed-rank test, and the Mann-Whitney U test.

After the educational intervention, the average score of different levels of physical activity has increased significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, three months after the intervention, the score of all the constructs of the HAPA model except for the structure of action planning and coping planning, was significantly increased (p < 0.05).

The implementation of an intervention based on the HAPA can improve the level of physical activity in middle-aged women. Therefore, it is suggested that future studies based on this approach be conducted in other target groups to promote physical activity.

Maintaining workers’ safety in the workplace can be achieved by promoting protective behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of protective behaviors in relation to the theoretical structures of the protection motivation theory.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 paint workers in Rafsanjan city. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude, protective behaviors, and theoretical structures. A structural equation model was employed to investigate the impact of motivational theory structures on protective intentions and behaviors.

The present study showed that, despite a relatively acceptable level of knowledge, the status of protective behavior in painting workers was not favorable. Correlation tests indicated that protective behaviors had a positive relationship with knowledge, self-efficacy, and response efficacy structures, while negatively and significantly related to the perceived cost structure. (p <0.05). Overall, the protection motivation theory structures had acceptable goodness of fit.

It is recommended that the structures of the protection motivation theory be utilized to persuade painting workers to comply with protective behaviors. Greater emphasis should be placed on creating a sense of threat caused by the lack of protective behavior in this group.

Considering the importance and role of education in the diseases prevention, especially infections, this study was designed and implemented with the aim of determining the effect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on the incidence of urinary tract infections and its preventive behaviors in pregnant women in Rafsanjan.

The quasi -experimental study was conducted among 95 pregnant women in the first trimester in two groups (intervention 48 and control 47) by random cluster sampling method in 2021-22. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior and urine culture test in two stages. The training program was conducted virtually through the WhatsApp social channel for one month, twice a week. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20 software and independent t, paired t, chi-square and covariance analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

Covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the mean score of knowledge, attitude and behavior of the two groups three months after the intervention (p<0.05). Three months after the implementation of the educational program, the result of the urine culture test of three pregnant women in the control group was positive, while in the intervention group, no positive cases were observed (p=0.038).

The educational program had a significant effect on the incidence of urinary tract infections in pregnant women. However, due to the lack of impact on the constructs of subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, it is suggested that one of the most important members of the family be involved in intervention programs in future interventions.

Evaluating knowledge and attitude towards healthy behaviors can help develop educational programs and identify the weakness of people in the field of health information in emergency situations. This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitude of students in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) regarding health measures in emergency situations.

This descriptive study was conducted on 425 students of RUMS who were selected using stratified quota sampling method in 2021. The data collection tool was a questionnaire adapted from the study by Vosoughi Nayyeri et al. (2013). After collecting the data, they were analyzed in SPSS software , vertion 18 using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation test. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The mean scores of knowledge and attitude was 5.2±1.6 (out of 10) and 34.9±2.9 (out of 50), respectively. There was a significant correlation between students’ knowledge and age (r=0.114, P<0.01) and between their attitude and age (r=0.146, P<0.01) such that, with the increase of age, their knowledge and attitude increased.

The RUMS students’ knowledge and attitude about health measures in emergency situations are at a moderate level. To improve their knowledge and attitude, educational courses can be held in this regard.

Hypertension significantly increases the risk of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. This study aims to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the salt intake of people at risk of hypertension in Anar city, Rafsanjan.

The present semi-experimental study was conducted among 141 participants (intervention group=70, control group=71) with a random sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire based on TPB before and two months after the intervention, and the amount of daily salt intake was evaluated through a 24-hour urine test. The intervention program was held virtually in six training sessions. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 software using Chi-square, Independent t-test, and Paired t-test at significant level of 0.05.

After the implementation of the educational program, the independent t-test showed a significant difference between the mean score of the theory constructs of the two groups and the amount of salt intake (7.63 grams per day in the intervention group vs. 12.01 in the control group) (P<0.05). The highest change was in behavioral beliefs (+21.42) and the lowest change in perceived power structure (+1.87).

According to the results, the current educational program was effective in reducing the amount of salt intake. Therefore, it is suggested to provide educational programs in person with the active participation of other family members (significant others) with the aim of empowering the family to control and monitor the salt intake.

Teachers have a key role in reducing the complications of emergency events. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of primary school teachers in Rafsanjan regarding emergency events of diabetes and accidents in schools.

This descriptive research was conducted on 100 primary school teachers in Rafsanjan City by census method. Data were collected in three sections of demographic information, knowledge, and attitude and behavior assessment. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test, independent two-sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA.

There was a significant relationship and a direct correlation between the score of attitude towards diabetes and age (r=0.240, p=0.016) and the level of education (p=0.013), and between the score of teachers’ attitude towards accidents and age (r=0.217, p=0.030) and their behavior and age (r=0.242, p=0.015).

Despite the desirability of teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior score, it is recommended that the retraining program be implemented with the aim of improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice of younger teachers.

The three main elements of the home, study environment, and mass media have a fundamental role in the tendency and attitude of adolescents and young people to pray. This study was conducted to determine students’ attitudes toward prayer, the causes of their tendency toward it, and its impact on various aspects of their lives.

This descriptive study was performed among 192 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan City, Iran. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire through the press line system. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 18 using an independent t-test and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of less than 0.05.

A total of 60.9% of students reported that they perform daily prayers. The Mean±SD score of students’ attitude about praying is 121.99±199.97 out of 165. A significant correlation was observed between the mean score of attitude and behavior. A significant relationship was also found between the mean score of students’ attitudes and the variables of father’s education, father’s and mother’s occupation (P<0.05). The students believed that prayer brings peace and vitality to the soul, order and discipline in life, good mood, family unity, and reduced anxiety and stress.

Considering the role and impact of family and university environment on students’ prayer and students’ beliefs on the impact of prayer on various life issues, paying attention to the results of this type of research to institutionalize prayer among students can be useful.

Implementation of health education programs is one of the necessary ways to prevent diabetes in teenagers. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of educational intervention on preventive behaviors of type 2 diabetes based on the health belief model.

This Quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019 on 143 at-risk high school boys in Khash city (in the southwest of Iran) who were selected by cluster random sampling and were randomly assigned into two groups (70 students in the intervention group, 73 students in the control group). The data collection tool was a questionnaire of demographic characteristics, knowledge, model constructs, and disease prevention behaviors. The educational program was held in 7 one-hour sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected before the intervention, immediately, and three months after the intervention and were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t- test, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA.

The changes in the mean score of knowledge, model constructs, and behavior in the intervention group during three times (before training, immediately, and three months after training) were significant (p<0.001). The average behavior score of the intervention group in the pre-test stage was 17.36 out of 35, which increased to 22.96 immediately after the intervention and declined to 18.57 three months later, but this trend in the control group was decreasing over time.

Considering the effect of the program based on the health belief model in promoting diabetes prevention behaviors in students, it is recommended to design, implement, and evaluate a theory-based program with the aim of controlling and preventing diabetes in adolescents.

Mothers play an important role in oral health of children. The present study was planned, implemented, and evaluated to determine the impact of mothers’ educational program based on PRECEDE–PROCEED model on oral health promotion of Rafsanjan 3–6‑year‑old children, in 2020.

This quasi‑experimental study was conducted on 100 mothers with children aged 3–6 years divided into two groups. The research tool was developed and approved based on the model phases in the form of demographic information, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. At phase five, intervention planning was conducted and the program was implemented in four sessions (45 min each) in 30 days. Follow‑up was done 2 months after the last training session. The data were analyzed by SPSS18, using Chi‑square, paired t‑test, and independent t‑test at the significance level of 0.05.

After implementing the program, a significant difference was observed between predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors, as well as oral health‑related behaviors of the two groups (P < 0.05). Finally, 30.4% of the changes in oral health‑related behavior resulted from the implementation of the designed educational program.

Considering the importance of planning to promote children’s oral health and hygiene, it is recommended that the PRECEDE–PROCEED model be used to design, implement, and evaluate health evidence‑based interventions.

In terms of public health, vaccination is considered as the most effective approach against the infectious diseases. Accepting and receiving the first vaccine produced as an innovation may not be easy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the predictors of intention to receive COVID‑19 vaccine by Iranians aged 18–70 years based on the health belief model in 2021.

This descriptive study was performed on 2365 people aged 18–70‑year old in Iran by random cluster sampling. Receipt of data was done electronically questionnaire through the Porcelain system. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 using Chi‑square, one‑way analysis of variance, independent t‑test, and multiple regression analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean score of receiving the Iranian corona vaccine was 3.06 ± 1.30 out of 5 points. About 16.7% reported that they will definitely choose the Iranian vaccine. The highest correlation was between the intention to receive the vaccine with self‑efficacy (r = 0.239, P < 0.001) and barriers to receiving the vaccine (r = −0.237, P < 0.001). Self‑efficacy (β = 0.114, P < 0.001), perceived barriers (β = −0.126, P < 0.001), and benefits of vaccine (β = 0.061, P = 0.022) were most important predictors the intention to receive the vaccine.

Approximately 38% reported that they would definitely and probably not choose the Iranian corona vaccine. Therefore, it is suggested that more information should be provided about the features and benefits of domestically produced vaccines compared to foreign products.

Fruits and vegetable (F.V) consumption is the most pivotal strategy of preventing cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancers. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on consumption of F.Vs among female high schools’ students in Rafsanjan (South of Iran).

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

This quasi‑experimental study was carried out among 272 students (intervention = 134 and control group = 138) using a multistage sampling method. The instrument used in this study included demographic characteristics, the students’ F.V consumption during the past 7 days and its determinants based on the theory. Educational interventions were made in three sessions for students and two sessions for parents, teachers, and school officials. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 using the statistical tests of Chi‑square, independent samples t‑test, paired‑samples t‑test, and univariate model at a significant level of 0.05.

Three months after the educational program, mean scores and standard deviation of F.V consumption and constructs in the intervention group increased significantly (P < 0.001). Respectively, 22.2% and 36.1% of the changes in the average unit of F.V consumption were the result of the present educational intervention.

The intervention based on SCT with an emphasis on the interaction between student, family, and school has had an effect on F.V consumption behavior. Therefore, in forming behavior, attention is paid to the interaction of individual and interpersonal factors.

One of the most important ways to improve neonatal health is Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF). 

 In this study, the determinants of EBF intention were investigated through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in nulliparous pregnant women. 

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 pregnant women in Kerman in 2020. Data was collected using a questionnaire, including, questions related to knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and the intention of EBF. SEM in Amos statistical software version 20 was used to examine the relationships between the studied variables.

The mean age of participants was 26.98±6.16 years and the majority of them were housewife. There was significant correlation between the intention of EBF and self-efficacy (r=0.597, P<0.001) knowledge (r=0.337, P<0.001) and attitude (r=0.344, P<0.001). Breastfeeding self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of intention to EBF (β=0.352, P<0.001).

This study revealed that mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy was the most important predictor of the EBF intention.

This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and attitude towards food safety and hygiene among the health-care staff in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

This survey-descriptive was conducted on 101 staff working in primary health-care centers of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences who were selected taking a census. Data collection was also performed by a researcher-made questionnaire.

The results showed that the mean score of knowledge and attitude of the staff was 13.36 ± 2.44 and 37.19 ± 3.74, which obtained 70.31% and 74.38% of the total score, respectively. The lowest level of knowledge towards food safety and hygiene among the staff was about the reuse of foods, such as cheese (solid), jam, yogurt, tomato paste (liquid), as well as the need to store some foods refrigerated. The mean score of knowledge in the subjects with a history of food poisoning was also lower, which was statistically significant (P = 0.03). The most common wrong attitudes among the staff included rinsing vegetables in sufficient water (85.1%), putting raw and cooked foods together (82.2%), and using foods in bulging cans (75.2%). However, the staff’s attitudes regarding personal hygiene were appropriate.

Finally, education about correct food storing and reusing, correct washing and consuming of raw foods and vegetables is recommended.

Considering the prevalence of emergency events in schools and the key role of teachers in preventing and controlling these events, the present study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of primary school teachers regarding emergency events related to epilepsy and asthma in Rafsanjan, Iran.

This descriptive study was conducted on 101 primary school teachers in 2019-2020 who were selected by census sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of knowledge, attitude and practice towards asthma and epilepsy and their subsequent emergencies. Data were analyzed in SPSS v.18 using Pearson correlation test, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, considering the significance level at P<0.05.

Mean score of teachers’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards epilepsy were 77.9, 68.3, and 72.7 (out of 100), respectively; these scores towards asthma were 73.6, 81.5, and 71.6, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between the mean practice score of teachers in epilepsy with age (r= 0.221, P= 0.027) and level of education (F= 3.13, P= 0.029). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between the mean knowledge score about asthma and educational level (F=2.85, P= 0.041), and between teachers’ practice in asthma and work experience (r = 0.303, P= 0.002).

The design and implementation of educational and retraining interventions regarding epilepsy and asthma for younger teachers with lower work experience is suggested.

Brucellosis or Malta fever is a common disease between humans and animals mostly affecting livestock farmers, butchers, and veterinarians. The present study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude, and perceived threat of butchers in Rafsanjan city regarding Brucellosis in 2020-2021.

A descriptive correlational study was carried out on all butchers in Rafsanjan in 2020-2021using the census method. The data were collected through a questionnaire (demographic, knowledge, attitude, and perceived threat). SPSS (version 20) was used to analyze the data using one-way ANOVA, Independent t-test, and Pearson Correlation at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The mean age of 130 participants in the present study was 39.68 ± 11.23 years. The mean score of butchers' knowledge, attitude, and perceived threat were 70.07, 78, and 78.33 out of 100, respectively. A positive and significant correlation of butchers' knowledge was observed with their attitude (p <0.001( and perceived threat (p <0.001 (. Further, there was a significant correlation between perceived threat and work experience (p = 0.007(.

Although the knowledge, attitude, and perceived threat of the butchers about Brucellosis was at a favorable level, it is better to design, implement, and evaluate training and retraining programs to teach more about the disease and prevent Brucellosis among at-risk individuals, especially butchers.

Human brucellosis can be a source of problems that affect public health, social, and economic well‑being of the world’s population. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of Educational Intervention (EI) based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on preventive behaviors against brucellosis in Health Volunteers (HVs) in Rafsanjan.

Randomly, 104 HVs, in the intervention and control group, participated in a quasi‑randomized, controlled experimental study. Variables were evaluated before and 1 month after intervention. In the intervention group, the educational program was conducted with lecture, group discussion, showing movies and related photos, booklets, and pamphlets. The program included five 45‑min sessions that developed regarding the beliefs and constructs of HBM about brucellosis and its prevention methods. Data regarding HBM constructs and preventive behavior were collected using the questionnaire with 100 items by the self‑report method. Finally, the data were entered into the SPSS software version 16.0, and statistical tests such as Chi‑square, independent and paired t‑test, Mann–Whitney, and Wilcoxon test were used for the data analysis at the significant level of 0.05.

Prior to the intervention, the mean score of the HBM constructs and preventive behaviors between the two groups did not differ significantly, but 1 month later, in the intervention group increased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

We recommend to health authorities and health‑care providers to use HBM in EIs to create susceptibility, increase perceived severity and benefits, promote self‑efficacy, uses cue to action, as well as reduce behavioral barriers, and ultimately adopt health‑promoting behaviors.

COVID-19 is rapidly expanding around the world and is one of the most important health problems. The purpose of the study was to determine preventive behaviors from COVID-19 and its determinants based on some constructs of the Health Belief Model.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2504 citizens of Rafsanjan in 2020 that were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a behavior and Health Belief Model constructs (HBMs) researcher-made questionnaire based on the Internet. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by ten specialists, and its reliability was assessed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS 18 by applying statistical tests such as Pearsonchr('39')s correlation coefficient, independent t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and linear regression.

The means score of knowledge, attitude, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and preventive behavior were 83.13±10.72, 81.17±8.55, 79.28±17.19, 74.47±14.65, 84.32±16.11, 69.27±14.31, and 87.35±11.16, respectively. There was a significant correlation between preventive behaviors with knowledge, attitude, and HBMs (p<0.001). The attitude was the strongest predictor for adopting preventive behaviors (B=0.446, p<0.001). In total, knowledge, attitude, and HBM constructs predicted 36.8% of the preventive behaviors for COVID-19.

There is a significant correlation between adopting preventive behaviors for COVID-19 with knowledge, attitude, and HBM constructs.

Social responsibility is critical to the success of organizations and is a key factor in any organizationchr('39')s survival. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the impact of the relationship between organizational health and social responsibility in administrative staff of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 

This research is a descriptive correlation study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the administrative staff of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in the year 2018 that 139 persons were selected by censusmethod. Data collection tools included standard questionnaires of organizational health and social responsibility. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software using Pearson correlation, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA.

The findings show that in this organization social responsibility with average of 127/89 ±17/91 and organizational health with mean of 149/15 ± 23/36 are both at relatively high level and organizational health has a direct and significant correlation with social responsibility of employees (P= 0/01, r= 0/21).

The healthy atmosphere of an organization affects the attitude, performance and belief level of employees, which makes them more committed and responsible and ultimately leads to the growth and development of the organization. In the present study, organizational health has been one of the main determinants of the level of social responsibility of employees that changes in its level affect social responsibility. Therefore, the managers of the organization concerned with proper planning can promote the social responsibility of the employees and finally provide the performance of organizations.

One of the effective factors in causing chronic diseases is inactivity. Therefore, considering the importance of modifying adolescent girlschr('39') physical activity behavior and developing appropriate educational strategies and interventions in this field, this study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on adolescent girlschr('39') physical activity.

A Quasi-experimental study was conducted among 246 female high schoolschr('39') Students (124=intervention group and 122=control group) in Rafsanjan (Southern Iran) by random cluster sampling in 2018-19. Demographics variables and valid and reliable questionnaire included the physical activity assessment of the last week and its effective factors based on SCT constructs collected in two stages. Educational interventions were applied in four sessions to students and two sessions to parents, teachers, and school officials. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Wilcoxon test, and the T-test.

After executing the educational program, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in environmental factors (p=0.027), knowledge (p<0.001), family support (p=0.001), self-efficacy (p=0.001), and self-regulation (p=0.008), comparative between two groups the rates of daily and weekly physical activity increased (p=0.001).

The implementation of educational programs based on the SCT positively affects promoting physical activity in adolescents.

The World Health Organization (WHO) introduces appropriate physical inactivity among the 5 main causes of obesity and overweight. This study aimed to identify the determinants of physical activity among female students based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT).

 A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 640 female junior high school students in Rafsanjan City, Iran. The study sample was selected by cluster random sampling approach. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire for demographic information, physical activity behavior assessment, and its determinants based on SCT. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation, and multivariate regression analysis at a significant level of 0.05.

The mean score of physical activity time was 79.28 (min/week) in the study participants. Except for environmental factors, the explore studentschr('39') level of physical activity presented a statistically significant relationship with other constructs of SCT, higher level of parental education, lower body mass index, and membership in sports teams. The multivariate regression analysis data suggested social reinforcement as the strongest predictor of physical activity (P=0.004, β=0.129).

The rate of physical activity of 95.8 female students was less than the WHO’s recommendation (60 minutes per day). Therefore, it is recommended to design, implement, and evaluate interventional programs at the social level.

Adopting preventive behaviors of premenstrual syndrome as the key measure to prevent and control, i.e., affected by multiple characteristics. The current study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of female students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences about preventive behaviors of premenstrual syndrome using a health belief model, in 2021.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 female students who were selected by a stratified sampling approach. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of demographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of students based on the health belief model and preventive behaviors. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Pearson correlation, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Independent Samples t-test, and multiple regression analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

There was a significant correlation between the mean score of behavior with attitude, benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, and barriers (P=0.0001). Based on multiple regression analysis findings, performing physical activity per week and self-efficacy were the main predictors of preventive behaviors, respectively. Behavior-Correlated variables predicted the behavior adoption of 0.369.

Considering the correlation of variables with behavior, design, implementation, and evaluation of health education and promotion interventions using theories and models of behavior change are suggested.
 
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Health Belief Model, Students, Premenstrual Syndrome

Healthy eating habits in childhood and adolescence prevent many chronic diseases and some types of cancer in adulthood. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate factors affecting fruit and vegetable consumption among female students in Rafsanjan (Southern Iran), based on the social cognitive theory (SCT). This study was performed on 516 female students (7th-9th grade) in 2018. The data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and fruits and vegetable consumption behavior assessment and its determinants based on SCT. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software and independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation test, and multivariate regression analysis at a significant level of 0.05. The average fruit intake was 3.55±1.88, and vegetable consumption was 3.99±2.60 units per day. The results show a significant positive correlation between SCT and fruit and vegetable consumption (p <0.01). Based on the multivariate regression analysis, Behavioral skills (B=0.163, p <0.001) and understanding of the environment (B=0.201, p <0.001), were the most important predictor of consumption of vegetables and fruit, respectively. More than half of the students consumed less than 4 units of fruit and vegetable per day. Therefore, designing, implementing, and evaluating evidence-based interventions with a focus on social determinants is recommended.