n. akbari

Modernism can be considered one of the most important schools of contemporary fiction literature. The main difference between modernism and the schools before it, including realism, is the refuge of the characters in the story to the inner world, to the extent that it can be said that instead of narrating the external world and surrounding events, the modern writer focuses on the spiritual and mental changes and conflicts of the characters in the story. It gives and shows, and by breaking the narrative and linear structure and with the help of the fluid flow of the narrative, the plurality of narrators, etc., the story in the line of the past novels, the components of dissociation, wandering, death thoughts, originality of the individual, change in moral principles and so on. The main purpose of this essay is to examine the components of modernism in the intertextual approach Two fiction works are Buf-e-koor by Sadegh Hedayat and The nocturnal harmony of the wood orchestra by Reza Ghasemi.

The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical based on finding the modernist components of the intertextual approach in the comparative study of the two novels The nocturnal harmony of the wood orchestra and Buf-e- koor in a library format and using the content analysis technique.

Two modern stories of the Buf-e-koor and the nocturnal harmony of the wood orchestra have used propositions such as the originality of the individual, absurdity, loss of identity, the separation of the narrative system, the fluid flow of the mind.

In the story of Buf-e-koor, Hedayat is interested in breaking the linguistic and spatial system of events, using techniques such as the fluid flow of the mind, nesting and vicious circle, mental associations and the integration of memories and time of the past, present and future in a delirious way, among his story tricks in Buf-e-koor. In a textual analysis, this narrative design can also be seen in the story of The nocturnal harmony of the wood orchestra.

Newcastle disease (ND) is an economically significant and extremely spreadable viral illness affecting a wide variety of avian species. ND can rapidly spread within poultry farms and result in considerable economic losses for the global poultry industry. This disease is endemic in Iran, and despite intensive vaccination efforts in the poultry industry, outbreaks of ND occur unexpectedly. This study aimed to isolate the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from poultry farms with breathing problems in Markazi province, Iran, and investigate the evolutionary relationship and molecular characteristics of the isolates during 2017-2019. To this end, tissue samples (lung, brain, and trachea) were taken from 42 broiler farms exhibiting respiratory symptoms. The samples were inoculated into 9-11-day-old embryonated eggs, and the virus was isolated from 20 (47.6%) of the 42 farms. Subsequently, RT-PCR was used to amplify partial fusion gene sequences from the new isolates. The amplified products were sequenced and compared phylogenetically to the standard pilot dataset (125 selected sequences) generated by the NDV consortium. As determined by phylogenetic analysis, all nine isolates belonged to subgenotype VII.1.1 of genotype VII and were highly similar to isolates from other parts of Iran and China. Moreover, all isolates possessed a polybasic cleavage site motif (112RRQKRF117), characteristic of virulent strains. Furthermore, the present isolates shared a high nucleotide identity (96%) with viruses previously isolated from other provinces of Iran, as determined by BLAST searches and multiple alignments. In addition, they shared a high degree of sequence similarity but were distinct from the existing NDV vaccines. Therefore, the genetic dissimilarity between current vaccine strains and circulating NDVs must be considered in vaccination programs.

In this research, TDNN model and x-vector are presented in order to robust noise and frequency filtering caused by telephone communication. MFCC is used as the speaker-related audio feature as input to this model. The output of neural network of this model is considered as an x-vector so that it can be used in the decision stage. In the decision stage, PLDA was used for scoring and comparison. In order to increase accuracy and reduce EER, the training dataset is a combination of relatively clean VoxCeleb 1,2 dataset and Callhome telephone dataset, as well as noise and telephone dataset obtained from the data augmentation method. The results of using this method for EER in the clean state are 3.09%, which has improved about 0.15% (3.24% has been obtained in previous works) in the worst case and 6.93% (10.2% has been obtained in previous works) in the best case compared to the base models. When training with Voxceleb1,2 and Callhome datasets was used as an adaptation, the EER was 4.95%. In the worst case, when only the Voxceleb1 data is converted to a telephone, the EER is 14.34%.

Due to the limited uranium reserves, the abundance of thorium compared to it, not being used in nuclear proliferation, and other advantages of thorium fuels over uranium fuels, the development of the thorium fuel cycle in various countries, including Iran, is considered. In this research, the separation and recovery processes of thorium from a real acidic leach liquor solution with a concentration of 500 mg/L thorium on a laboratory scale to produce thorium oxide precipitate were evaluated. The operating parameters affecting the extraction, stripping, and chemical precipitation processes of thorium include the type of extractant (acidic, basic, and neutral), the concentration of the extractant (0.05-1 M), aqueous phase acidity (0.032-6.92), equilibrium time (5-60 min), type and concentration of stripper (1-7 M) and precipitating agent were studied by the univariate method in each section. According to the experimental results, Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid with a concentration of 1 M as extractant, aqueous phase acidity equal to 0.1, equilibrium time 60 min, sulfuric acid with a concentration of 5 M as a stripper, and ammonia as a precipitating agent were selected. Recovery of thorium from a real acidic leach liquor solution under obtained conditions resulted in the production of thorium oxide precipitate with a purity of 66%.

Kefir is one of the most widely consumed fermented milk products, which has a positive effect on health due to its high nutritional value. Consumption of diet kefir lowers blood cholesterol, but with the reduction of fat, the strength of kefir texture also decreases. In this study, dill and aloe vera powders were used at three levels of 0.5, 0.75 and 1% each and the physicochemical and sensory properties of kefir were investigated. All samples were produced under the same conditions and stored at 4 ° C. Acidity, pH, syneresis, viscosity, dry matter, texture, color, and sensory tests were performed on the samples. The results showed that the pH of all samples showed a decreasing trend with increasing fiber content (p <0.01). Also, by increasing the amount of fiber, the acidity of the samples increased significantly (p <0.01). The results of dry matter content showed that with increasing fiber content, kefir dry matter increased. During increasing the concentration of dill and aloe vera powders, the syneresis decreased (p <0.01). The results obtained from the evaluation of viscosity and texture showed that by increasing dill and aloe vera powders, the amount of these two parameters increased. The results obtained from the color analysis of the samples showed that by increasing the amount of dill and aloe vera powders, the b * index increased and the L * and a * index decreased. The results of statistical analysis showed that the increase in fiber content significantly affected odor, taste, color, texture, and overall acceptance of kefir samples (p <0.01). In general, the results showed that the addition of dill and aloe vera powders to kefir improved the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of kefir. The most desirable treatment introduced by the panelist was the treatment containing 1% dill powder + 0.5% aloe vera powder. Therefor the use of dill and aloe vera powders to improve the properties of kefir is recommended.

The creation and continuation of a wound resulting from surgery can cause various complications, including pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, dysfunction, delay in the treatment process, and lack of beauty. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of low-power laser treatment on complications after crown lengthening surgery.

The present double-blind clinical trial study was conducted in 2020-2021 on 12 patients who needed crown lengthening surgery on two premolar teeth on both sides of the jaw. Immediately after the surgery, and on the first and third day after the surgery, each volunteer randomly received laser radiation on one side of the jaw. On the other hand, radiation was not performed despite the placement of the device in the mouth. Tissue edema and tissue color were evaluated on the first, third, and seventh days after surgery. Pain intensity assessment was also done 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. Data were analyzed using Kendall, Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests.

The improvement of tissue edema in the irradiated group was significant compared to the non-irradiated group during the first week (P=0.00), but the improvement in tissue color did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.057). The difference in pain intensity 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery was not significant among the groups (P=0.707, 0.812 and 0.974) and the improvement of pain intensity during consecutive days was not significant in the irradiated group (P=0.164).

In the present study, low-power laser did not have a significant effect on improving tissue color and reducing pain after crown lengthening surgery in the case group compared with the control group, but it was effective in improving tissue edema after surgery.

In order to reduce the effects of salinity on germination and growth of Khuzestani savory by humic acid, two experiments were performed. The first experiment was done by priming the seeds with zero concentrations, 20, 40 and 60 mg / l of humic acid (H1, H2, H3 and H4, respectively) and germinating them in zero salinity (distilled water), 50, 25, 75 and 100 mM اNaCl (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5, respectively) in petri dishes. In the second experiment in the greenhouse, humic acid at zero, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg / kg soil (H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5, respectively) and salinity stress including zero, 50, 25, 75 and 100 mM sodium chloride (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5, respectively). The results of the first experiment showed that germination percentage and rate were decreased by increasing in salinity, While, germination rate and percentage were improved by humic acid priming. Salinity also decreased the growth characteristics in pot experiment. While humic acid led to the improvement of these growth traits. With increasing salinity, electrolyte leakage increased, but it was reduced by humic acid. The positive results of using humic acid in reducing the harmful effects of salinity, in addition to laboratory (seed priming) were also proven in pots (soil application). Therefore, in general, according to the positive results of this study on improving the germination and growth indices of Khuzestani savory plant, the use of humic acid can be recommended to reduce the adverse effects of salinity.

Narrative studies from the perspective of structuralisms studies the nature, form and role of narrative and tries to show the ability and understanding of the narrative text. In all heavenly religions, according to human perception of religion, there are ways to reconcile with the deity. Poets, as possessors of gentle and sensitive souls, have included in their poems sweet and pleasant prayers, which is one of the most delicate phrases of their works. The narrative-cognitive perspective of prayer acquaints itself with the artistic manifestations of this type of literature, and deals with possible connections between prayers and the narrative text, especially "order, continuity and frequency, aspect and sound". The present article examines the place of the narratology of prayer in the poems of poets (Sanai, Nezami and Attar).

This research is a descriptive-analytical method and examines a number of narrations of the prayers of these poets based on the topics of "order, continuity, frequency, aspect and sound" in the framework of narratological theory. At the beginning of these discussions, the theoretical foundations of the research are explained, then many examples of prayer poems are reviewed and evaluated.

The poets of the sixth century, or the Iraqi style, have the delicate and sensitive spirit and emotions of Persian poetry. What shines in the poems of these poets is the use of prayer and supplication as an emotional escape Prayers and supplications, apart from expressing emotions, can be a means of escaping emotions, expressing suspension, order, continuity, frequency, aspect or sound.

The use of prayers and supplications in the poems of these poets is sometimes used in a concept other than its original meaning; The prayer poems of these poets, by traveling to the past and bringing it to the present, in addition to being beautiful and influential, give people hope for immortality and mastery of time, and by adapting the time of prayer and the volume of prayer, with relatively high rhythm and acceleration. Cause the reach and effect of prayer in the minds of their narrators. Also, the relationship between the number of repetitions of an incident in the story and the number of times narrated in the poems of these three poets is mostly expressed as a single frequency. The distancing of the levels of the story, the report and the small presence of the narrator in the prayer poems of these poets, have sometimes caused relatively more details and information to be provided.

Annually, large quantities of agricultural products are wasted and a lot of damage is done to the country's financial and food resources. The most important causes of this waste are related to the various sectors of transportation, packaging, storage, processing and distribution of agricultural products. One significant tool to increase in supply chain productivity and reduce logistics costs of the agricultural sector is to establish agricultural logistics centers. The current study seeks to identify a suitable area for the construction of an agricultural logistics center in Isfahan province. In this regard, criteria affecting the selection of locations for logistics centers (compensatory and non-compensatory) were first identified and then the process of locating was implemented in two separate phases. In the first phase, in order to identify potential site options for a logistics center within the province, geographical boundaries associated with non-compensatory criteria were excluded from the study. In the second phase, according to the mathematical model presented, the cost of establishing a logistics center was calculated in possible sites in terms of compensatory criteria and then relevant geographic data layers were developed and, at the end, all data layers were integrated.

This paper, first, studies the experimental literature in the field of successful logistics centers across the world as to identify criteria affecting the location of agricultural logistics centers in terms of non-compensatory grammatical (geological and environmental factors) and compensatory (measurable factors with quantitative values) criteria. Next, the process of locating is implemented during two stage. In the first stage, in order to identify possible sites for Logistics Park within the province, geographic data layers associated with non-compensatory criteria are gathered and the respective boundaries are excluded from the study. Note that in order to unify mapping units being studied with respect to 1: 2500000 scale map of analytical maps used, the province is divided into 4510 separate blocks of 25 Km2. For the second stage, based on the general framework of logistics activities, the spatial analysis is carried out for load flows (the production and consumption profiles) of agronomic, horticultural and livestock. According to the location theories in minimizing costs, a mathematical model is developed to compute costs of agricultural logistics center establishment per each 1440 blocks located in potential sites in terms of compensatory criteria and then under the Arc GIS software environment, all data layers related to these criteria are developed and integrated. The best option is to install a block logistics center having the minimum cost. Due to the large volume of data gathered as well as the variety of analysis and calculation units (blocks of 25 Km2), the C++ programmer is used to perform algebraic and matrix calculations. (Road and rail) distances applied in the model for different origins and destinations are calculated and extracted as the distance of the network through the Arc GIS software. Raw data of road bill of lading blocks have been obtained from the Road Maintenance and Transportation Organization of Isfahan for the period between 2013 and 2018 for the commodity groups including agronomic, horticultural and livestock

The most optimal (least expensive) area for the establishments of an agricultural logistics center is located in the west of the urban complex of Isfahan and between the counties of Tiran and Karvan, Najafabad and Lenjan. The proposed area acts as an intermediary between the production centers of agronomic, horticultural and livestock products in the west of the province and the urban complex of Isfahan as a major consumer of agronomic, horticultural and livestock products. Proximity to the west-north freeway makes it possible to send the province's surplus products to the northern and eastern provinces of the country.

The stability and Hopf bifurcation of a nonlinear mathematical model are described by the delay differential equation proposed by Wodarz for interaction between uninfected tumor cells and infected tumor cells with the virus. By choosing τ as a bifurcation parameter, we show that the Hopf bifurcation can occur for a critical value τ. Using the normal form theory and the center manifold theory, formulas are given to determine the stability and the direction of bifurcation and other properties of bifurcating periodic solutions. Then, by changing the infection rate to two nonlinear infection rates, we investigate the stability and existence of a limit cycle for the appropriate value of τ, numerically. Lastly, we present some numerical simulations to justify our theoretical results.

One approach to speech recognition is to model speech based on a number of phonetic units. Because the frequency and temporal characteristics of vowels are more stable than other phonems, it is important to recognize vowels to distinguish speech. In this research, the aim is to present a model using modern methods, such as deep neural network to improve the accuracy of vowel recognition and increase its applications. 30 speakers (15 females and 15 males) read all the combinations of consonants with 6 Persian vowels. After preprocessing, the speech data is segmented into frames containing only the vowels and its spectrogram is extracted. These spectrogram are given as input to the neural network with two hidden layers. Speech of 25 speakers were used for training and speech of 5 speakers were used for testing. The average of accuracy of 6 Persian vowels for the proposed model was 93.17% (total average of vowel detection error is 6.83%). In previous works the average of vowel detection error was 9.7% to 19.6% that in proposed model improved from 2.87% to 12.77%.

To study the effect of biochar and superabsorbent on the chemical composition of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad essential oil, under drought stress conditions, a factorial split-plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 at the Medicinal Plant Research Farm of Lorestan University. Treatments included drought stress as the main plot at three levels (100, 80, and 60% of water requirement) and cow manure biochar at two levels (0 and 10 ton ha-1), and stockosorb hydrogel at three levels (0, 60, and 120 mg plant-1) as subplots. Twenty-four compounds were identified in aerial parts essential oil of the plant using GC-MS. The main constituents included carvacrol (76.6%), γ-terpinene (5.8%), p < /em>-cymene (3%), terpinen-4-ol (2.5%), 1,8-cineole (2%), and linalool (0.9%). The results showed that the highest amount of carvacrol (90.8%) was observed in severe moisture stress+biochar+60 mg stockosorb and the lowest (73.8%) was observed in stress-free control treatment with biochar+120 mg stockosorb. The results showed that interactions between drought stress and biochar had a significant effect on essential oil yield. Also, no correlation was observed between the presence and absence of stockosorb superabsorbent with different compounds of Satureja rechingeri essential oil.

To investigate the effect of smoking on corneal parameters, including Endothelial Cell Density, Central Corneal Thickness, Percent of Hexogonality, and Coefficient of Variation.

This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of published articles until the end of February 2019. To do this, the first search was done for creditable medical databases such as PubMed, and ISI (Web of Science), using an article search strategy and keywords derived from MeSH, including cigarette, smoking, tobacco, and their derivatives and relevance. They were conducted with the keywords pachymetry and corneal thickness. All English and Persian related articles were extracted by two independent researchers and by a thorough review of the articles; the articles that met the inclusion criteria for the present meta-analysis were selected for analysis.

Initial search of 351 articles found that information of 8 studies was selected and entered into the present meta-analysis. The total number of participants was 588 in the cigarette smoking group and 602in the non-cigarette smoking group. The mean age of the two groups was 38.9 and 40.4 years, respectively, and 21% of the participants were female. Of the studies included in the present meta-analysis, all studies reported the information needed to analyze the CCT index. For CV, ECD, HEX, and AXIAL LENGTH indices 4, 4, 4, and 5 studies reported the information required for performing the meta-analysis, respectively. The results of the meta-analysis showed that smoking had no significant effect on any of the corneal parameters, including CCT, ECD, CV, AXIAL LENGTH, HEX (P=0.543, P=0.591, P=542, P= 0.231, P=0.584, respectively).

Smoking does not affect different parameters of the cornea. Due to the limited number of articles in this field, it is recommended to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking in more samples to compare the effect of cigarette smoking on high daily volume of corn.

High salt accumulation has severe adverse effects on soil characteristics. Humic acid can improve the soil structure, soil microbial communities, and absorption and maintenance of mineral nutrients. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of humic acid on some physicochemical and biological soil properties in soils under salt stress.

The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on RCBD design with four replications. The first factor included humic acid in five levels (zero, 10, 20, 30, and 40mg kg-1 soil). The second factor was salinity stress in five levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100mM NaCl). The sampling was carried out in two stages, before and after harvest.

The results showed that S1H5 treatment had the lowest soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil reaction (pH), bulk density, and population of actinomycetes with average values of 0.26dS m-1, 6.21, 1.12g cm-3, and 516cell g-1 of soil and had the highest fungal and bacterial population with an average of 1525000 and 137500000cell g-1 of soil, respectively.

Salt stress has a significant effect on physicochemical and biological soil properties except for the population of actinomyces that their activity was better, at a high level of salinity stress, it had adverse effects on other properties. Although using humic acid improved soil properties. According to the results, using humic acid can be a good solution to reduce the adverse effects of salt stress.

In order to study effects of seed priming with Gibberellin (GA), Ascorbic acid (AsA) and Salicylic acid (SA) on mitigation of seed deterioration damage and improvement of seed and seedling qualities of three sunflower cultivars (Farrokh, Barzegar and Shamshiri), a pot experiment was done in 2016. This research was carried out as a factorial experiment based on RCBD with three replications. Seeds were exposed to accelerated aging then primed. Priming treatments were included: control, hydropriming, GA (50 and 75 ppm), AsA (100 and 150 ppm), SA (138 and 207 ppm), GA 50 ppm + AsA 100ppm, GA50 ppm + SA 138 ppm, AsA 100ppm + SA 138ppm, and GA 50ppm + AsA 100ppm + SA 138 ppm. Barzegar cultivar had better seedling emergence percentage and rate than the Shamshiri and Farrokh. Seedling emergence was improved by priming treatments; however, suitable treatments were different for the cultivars. Maximum seedling emergence percentage was obtained in Barzegar by GA 50ppm + SA 138ppm; however in Shamshiri and Farrokh by hydropriming. Priming improved seedling emergence rate of the three cultivars, but the response to priming was cultivar specific. Priming decreased seedling malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly in three cultivars. The lowest MDA content was obtained in Barzegar cultivar primed by AsA + SA.

Analysis of a laminated composite beam under impact by a rigid particle is investigated. The importance of this project is to simulate the impact of objects on small scale aerial structures. The stresses are considered uni- axial bending with no torsion loading. The first order shear deformation theory is used to simulate the beam. After obtaining kinematic and potential energy for a laminated composite beam, the motion equations, boundary conditions and initial conditions are obtained by using Hamilton’s principle. The deformation of beam is considered large so these equations are nonlinear. Then by using the numerical methods such as generalize differential quadrature (GDQ) and Newmark methods, the equations will be converted in to a set of nonlinear algebraic equations. These nonlinear equations are solved by numerical methods such as Newton- Raphson. By solving the equations, the displacement of beam and rotation of cross section in terms of time for different number of points of beam for variety of orientation angle of layers are obtained. Then the displacements of impacted point of beam, stresses and contact forces in different times for variety of orientation of layers for different situations of impact are compared.

This study was conducted to predict marital satisfaction, on the basis of sexual dysfunction of married women of Shiraz. In order to reach the objective of married women in Shiraz, 300 Person were selected using accessible sampling method. The evidences related to the validity and reliability of research tools include: Pines marital boredom questionnaire, bad sexual function questionnaire of Nobreh and Pinto - Guya shows that the validity and reliability of research tools were acceptable. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression). Results showed that the dimensions of pleasure and sexuality as a sin, age-related beliefs and the primacy of affection over sexual pleasure can predict physical fatigue. The conservative aspects of sex, pleasure and sexuality, as sinful, age-related beliefs, beliefs about physical self-concept and the primacy of affection over sexual pleasure are able to predict the emotional exhaustion. In addition, the dimensions of pleasure and sexual desire as sin, age-related beliefs, beliefs about physical self-concept and the primacy of affection over sexual pleasure are able to anticipate mental and psychological fatigue

In this century, learning and literacy are very important. Literacy is recognized as a lifelong learning process and throughout life as part of the lifelong learning system. The concept of literacy as a basis for lifelong learning is increasingly becoming a fundamental principle of organization for all education as well as a necessity for all and in the context of a fast and unstable world, especially for the deprived people who do not acquire basic skills through formal education are essential. Lifelong learning has a generality that encompasses all levels and stages of age and seeks to connect learning environments outside the school with the learning environment inside the school and remove the artificial boundaries of learning. Lifelong learning means that every environment is potentially a learning environment, and as a result, school and college are no longer the exclusive place of education. As a learning goal in education, society and government are targeted; and in many environments such as home, school, workplace and community, need exists to create effective educational opportunities. Undoubtedly, today's society needs people who can improve their knowledge and have lifelong learning skills in life. Acquiring new and specialized knowledge is a necessity because of rapid changes, therefore lifelong learning literacy and its promotion are considered as an essential capability for employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of knowledge management process on lifelong learning literacy of secondary school teachers in Birjand city.

The sample group included 40 English teachers of secondary school in Birjand City, were selected by convenience sampling method. Experimental group receiving needed instruction, applied knowledge management according Jashpara (2004) model and the control group have not the activity. Lee and Tasay's Lifelong Learning Literacy Questionnaire, (2007) was used as a tool and the data was analyzed using covariance analysis method.

According to the results, knowledge management process had a significant effect on lifelong learning literacy among teachers. Also, knowledge management process had a significant impact on the components of lifelong learning literacy (input, process and output).

The results showed that the knowledge management process has a significant effect on teachers' lifelong learning literacy. Knowledge management is more than learning, in other words, knowledge management is lifelong learning. Thus it can be explained that the ability to become a lifelong and independent learner. Also, knowledge management helps people to absorb the necessary knowledge, develop the way and practice and awareness of lifelong learning, provides a basis for the study of individual knowledge and the development of ability, and thus, specialized skills and competitive strength. Increases people. Through knowledge management, teachers are introduced to a variety of electronic content in various courses and new teaching materials and the creation of constructive ideas and opinions of teachers in the successful teaching of the classroom. Meeting the needs of teachers in the field of teaching and sharing resources and teaching manuals and is used by colleagues and administrators in the knowledge management system. Teachers should learn how to enter the information and knowledge created in knowledge management and learn the course materials to create electronic content and work with computers and the Internet so that they can work as capable people in the knowledge management process and teach more efficiently. Accordingly, it is recommended to use knowledge management process in order to develop teachers’ lifelong learning literacy.

In order to study the effects of Di-ammonium phosphate fertilizer on different growth stages of sunflower (var. Alstar)، an experiment was carried out by 16 treatments in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at faculty of Agriculture، University of Lorestan in cropping season 2006-2007. In this study the fertilizer was supplied in four rates (180، 90، 60 and 45 kg/ha) and was supplied in different growth stages of plant (Sowing time، 15 cm height seedling، Heading and anthesis). The results showed that the different levels of Di-ammoniom phosphate fertilizer had significant effect on seed yield، 1000-seed weight، oil yield، oil percentage and protein percentage. The mean comparisons revealed that the treatment 90 kg/ha di-ammonium phosphate fertilization at sowing time and 90 kg/ha di-ammonium phosphate fertilization at 15 cm height plant were found the most suitable treatment for seed yield، 1000-seed weight، oil yield، oil percentage and protein percentage.

Lean premixed combustion is widely used in recent years as a method to achieve the environmental standards with regard to NOx emission. In spite of the advantages, premixed combustion systems with equivalence ratios less than one are susceptible to combustion instability. To study the lean combustion instability experimentally, one premixed combustion setup, equipped with reactant supplying system, is designed and manufactured. In this research, gaseous propane is introduced as fuel and experiments are performed at nearly atmospheric pressure with equivalence ratios within the range of 0.7 to 1.5 and fuel mass flow rates of 2 to 4 gr/s. It has been observed that the combustion chamber of the gas turbine becomes unstable when equivalence ratio is less than one. To distinguish the combustion instability, through various operating conditions, probability density functions, spectral diagrams, space distribution of pressure oscillations, along with Rayleigh criteria are employed. Accordingly, equivalence ratio effects in stabilizing the unstable combustion system is investigated experimentally. Moreover, convective delay time is calculated for all experiments and the results are compared with Rayleigh Criteria, showing relatively good agreements. Finally, stability limits are identified, based on inlet mass flow rate and equivalence ratio.