namamali azadi

Emotions have important role in academic activities and motivation to deal with challenges. This study aims to assess the relationship between academic emotions, academic motivation, and academic performance among undergraduate students in operating room technology during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 93 undergraduate students in operating room technology from Iran University of Medical Sciences during 2021-2022. Data were collected using Pekrun’s Academic Emotions Questionnaire, Vallerand’s Academic Motivation Scale, and students’ grade point averages. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests, including Spearman correlation test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test, were used to examine the relationships between variables. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The positive emotions (class-related enjoyment, hope, pride) and negative emotions (anger, anxiety, hopelessness, shame, boredom) had a significant relationship with students’ academic motivation (R=0.096, P<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between these emotions and students’ academic performance (R=-0.174, P>0.05).

Due to the change in the educational system during the pandemic, students' academic emotions, motivation and academic performance were affected and it is suggested that educational programs to increase motivation and positive academic emotions be included in their academic curriculum, which will greatly increase their academic performance.

Spinal muscular atrophy is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that typically leads to severe physical disability. The present study aimed to determine the subjective evaluation of this disorder screening and analyze its influencing factors in Iran.‎    

A cross-sectional study was performed using data from the second survey of women either pregnant or planning to become pregnant in Tehran, the capital of Iran, in 2022. The dependent variable was the willingness to pay for this disease screening test. The independent variables included sociodemographic, economic, and health characteristics, the history of this disease or other diseases of the person and family, and knowledge about this disease in the included population. Logistic regression was utilized to identify independent variables associated with the dependent variable, and the results were reported as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and P values with 95% CIs. A questionnaire was used as a research tool, and STATA 17 software was used for data analysis. The monetary value of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) screening was calculated by estimating willingness to pay using the congenital valuation method.   

In total, 578 women were included. About 64.85% of respondents had a willingness to pay for SMA screening as the dependent variable, with a mean of $526. University education (P = 0.009) and pregnancy experience (P = 0.021) were associated with the dependent variable.  

Iranian women expressed their willingness to undergo screening tests, but due to financial constraints, they expected the government and nongovernmental organizations to bear most of the cost.

The goal of medical science, which is progressing on a daily basis, is not only to avoid diseases but also to increase the quality of life of people (1). Quality of life is an important indicator of health beyond physical health and includes the feeling of healthiness, some degree of satisfaction and the general sense of self-worth (2), namely a mental state of well-being that can be influenced by culture, value system and the stressful environment (3). According to WHO definition, the quality of life is people's understanding of their position in life in terms of culture, value system in which they live, their goals, expectations, standards and priorities (4), which is affected in different ways by social, economic, environmental and individual factors (5). In fact, economic, psychological, social and environmental factors (6), as well as age, health status, occupation (7), gender, culture, education along with general behavioral, job and adaptation elements can influence the quality of life (8). Failure to pay attention to quality of life can lead to disappointment, reduction in social, cultural, economic, and health activities, loss of work motivation, decreased job performance, occupational burnout and early retirement (8, 9). On the other hand, paying attention to quality of life increases efficiency and reduces psychological pressures (10). Quality of life is one of the most important aspects of human health, and improving the health of employees may reduce medical costs, disability and absenteeism, improve job satisfaction and increase productivity (9, 11(.The operating room is a closed environment associated with risks and anomalies, which can be considered a unit with environmental factors of stress causing dissatisfaction with personal responsibilities and professional work of surgical technologists, which may lead to physical and mental disorders adversely affecting a person's health and quality of life (13). Because we need employees who enjoy their high quality of life in order to provide satisfactory health care (14), the physical, mental health and emotional management of staff should not be neglected (15). In the operating room, the common goal of the surgical team is to provide effective, systematic and safe care, and failure of each member to perform their role can have a serious impact on the success of the entire team, and on the other hand, the success of an individual as a member of the team creates personal satisfaction in him/her (16) because surgical technologists are responsible for maintaining safety and comfort for patients in the operating room (17). Any negligence on the part of technologists may endanger the life of patients. According to the search for sources on this issue in Iran and abroad, it was observed that there were limited studies on quality of life of surgical technologists. Therefore, the researcher decided to conduct the present study with the aim of determining the quality of life and its related factors among surgical technologists of the medical training hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences.                                                                                        

In this cross-sectional study that was conducted in hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences hospitals, 125 surgical technologists were recruited. Inclusion criterion was holding an associate or bachelor degree in surgical technology. The cluster sampling method was used, in which each of the centers was considered a separate cluster. According to the number of staff in the center, the personnel IDs of individuals were written on small sheets of paper. Then, the IDs were randomly selected by a person outside the study, the number was matched with that in the staff list, the desired person was chosen and sampling completed. A total of 150 questionnaires was distributed among surgical technologists in hospitals. The data were collected using demographic information questionnaire (age, gender, marital status, work experience, type of shift work, level of education, income, night shift hours per month and employment status) as well as 26-item WHOQOL-BREF. After obtaining permission from Research Vice-Chancellor (ethics code IR.IUMS.REC 1395.9411101009), OR was visited to collect data. The research goal was explained to all the research units, and there was no compulsion to participate in the study. In all stages of the research, the utmost confidentiality was observed for personal information, and anonymous questionnaires were completed as self-reports by the research units themselves in presence of the researcher. The normal distribution of data was confirmed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in SPSS-22. The results of descriptive analysis for qualitative variables were reported using frequency (percentage). The values of variables related to different dimensions of quality of life in each level of the studied variables were reported using mean±SD. To examine the relationship between different dimensions of quality of life with the studied variables, independent t-test was used for two-level qualitative variables, and one-way ANOVA was employed for qualitative variables with more than two levels. Bonferroni's post hoc test was used for pairwise comparisons. To investigate the effect of each variable on different dimensions of quality of life by controlling the effect of other variables, we used linear regression analysis, so that the significant variables entered at 0.2 level in univariate analysis. P<0.05 was considered the significance level in the rest of tests.

The participants of this research were 125 surgical technologists. More than half of the research units (52%) were <30 years, 40.8% were 30-40 years and the rest >49 years. The majority of research units (79.2%) were women and the rest were men. The mean and standard deviation of the quality of life was 63.10 ± 18.57; quality-of-life score in dimension of physical health was 54.77 ± 18.87, social health 54.60 ± 18.07, mental health 54.40±14.19, and environmental health 48.27±12.25, which shows that the lowest quality of life score of research units was related to the environmental dimension. By controlling the effect of each of the dependent variables, the variables of marital status and time of night shift had a significant effect on the level of physical health, so that after controlling the effect of night shift variable, the physical health score of married people was on average 13.23 units higher than single people [B=13.23, SE=2.96, P=<0.001, 95%CI= (7.36, 19.09)]. Also, after controlling the effect of the variable of marital status, physical health score of people who had >36 hours of night shift per month was on average 8.73 points lower than those who had <12 hours of night shift per month [B=- 8.73, SE=4.01, P=0.031, 95% CI= (-16.66, -0.790)].

The quality of life of surgical technologists was at an average level, and it was lower than other dimensions in the environmental dimension. Married people had a higher quality of physical health than unmarried people, and physical health was lower in those who had >36 hours of night shift per month relative to people with <12 hours of night shift per month.

The organizational-citizenship behavior and organizational trust change the behaviors and attitudes and can also improve performance and efficiency among nurses as the team working incentives. Numerous environmental and occupational factors can affect the mentioned variables in employees but organizational justice, among other factors, exert a significant impact in this regard.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational justice with organizational-citizenship behavior and organizational trust among Iranian surgical technologists at Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) in 2021.

In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, 183 surgical technologists of IUMS were investigated, and, therefore, the sampling method was census. Data collection tools were as follows: (1) Demographic characteristics questionnaire; (2) Niehoff and Moorman organizational justice questionnaire; (3) researcher-developed organizational-citizenship behavior scale; and (4) Gary A. Roeder Organizational Trust Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation; frequency and percentage), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were performed to analyze the data by using SPSS software version 22.

Overall, the perceived organizational justice was poor, whereas the organizational-citizenship behavior and organizational trust were moderate. There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between organizational justice and citizenship-organizational behavior (r = 0.79), (P < 0.001). The same association was also observed between perceived organizational justice and organizational trust (r = 0.87), (P < 0.001). Moreover, 50% of the changes in perceived organizational justice, 67% in organizational trust, and 75% in organizational-citizenship behavior may have been explained and justified by demographic variables.

It was concluded that citizenship-organizational behavior and organizational trust in surgical technologists may have been increased by taking appropriate interventions such as increasing the perception of organizational justice as well as improving the performance and quality of services in hospitals.

Quality of life is affected by Job burnout, which can be caused by long-term exposure to occupational stress. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between job burnout and quality of life of operation room technologists.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 125 operation room technologists were randomly selected. The data were collected using three questionnaires: Demographic, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and WHO Quality of Life-BREF with 26 items, and analyzed using Spearman correlation test in SPSS software, and the significance level was considered as P≤0.05.

The mean of Job burnout score in terms of intensity, frequency, and quality of life was 47.88±17.50, 47.95±17.42, and 63.1±18.57, respectively. There was an inverse correlation between quality of life and job burnout in terms of Intensity (P<0.01) and frequency (P<0.05).

Considering the significant inverse correlation between job burnout and quality of life, reducing the job burnout of employees can increase their quality of life and consequently prevent from the reduction of their productivity.

 In a laparoscopic surgery team, a surgical technologist as a skillful assistant surgeon is responsible for camera navigation and peg transfer.

 We assessed the effect of the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery curriculum on improving the skills of surgical technology students in camera navigation, pattern cutting, and peg transfer.

 A study was conducted on 30 surgical technology students at the Iran University of Medical Sciences based on Kern's six-step model. After assessing the needs and defining the educational goals, the course content was determined. Afterward, students were trained in a simulation-based learning environment. Then, in the evaluation stage, using the standard task completion time (TCT) tool, their competence in performing the three skills was evaluated. The results of the first comprehensive attempt to perform each skill were recorded as the pretest, and the results of the sixth and 10th repetitions were recorded as the posttest. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with duplicate data.

 The TCT score improved in this study. The time of camera navigation decreased from 92.14 to 56.42 s, pattern cutting from 186.07 to 118.21 s, and peg transfer from 93.03 to 54.10 s.

 This study showed that the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery curriculum improved the surgical technologists’ competence in performing triple skills essential for performing laparoscopic surgeries. Thus, this learning method could play an essential role in laparoscopic surgery.

Adopting a healthy life style in children may protect them against osteoporosis in later life. This study was done to determine the effectiveness of gain-framed versus loss-framed using mobile phones short-messages service (SMS) intervention in promoting knowledge, attitude and preventive nutrition behaviors of osteoporosis among a sample of Iranian female students. Adopting a healthy life style in children may protect them against osteoporosis in later life. This study was done to determine the effectiveness of gain-framed versus loss-framed using mobile phones short-messages service (SMS) intervention in promoting knowledge, attitude and preventive nutrition behaviors of osteoporosis among a sample of Iranian female students. Adopting a healthy life style in children may protect them against osteoporosis in later life. This study was done to determine the effectiveness of gain-framed versus loss-framed using mobile phones short-messages service (SMS) intervention in promoting knowledge, attitude and preventive nutrition behaviors of osteoporosis among a sample of Iranian female students. The results of the study showed that gain-framed text messages significantly improved adopting osteoporosis preventive nutrition behaviors than loss framed text messages.

Implementation of task-based learning approach is very important and effective in surgical technologists. Because of the lack of enough hospital operating rooms, they cannot be experienced at the same time as passing the surgical technology courses.

This study was a quasi-experimental study which samples were 57 surgical technology students of the 6th semester who selected based on include criteria of the study and divided into two intervention and control groups. Then they trained by two methods of teaching (routine method versus task-based learning method). Before and after training, their basic knowledge and practical skills were evaluated and compared using multi choice question and observational checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. The

This study showed that after teaching by task-based learning method, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the knowledge and the practical skills in the intervention group students in comparison to the control group. The results also indicated that the intervention group in practice test were significantly faster than that of the control group. This issue is very valuable in the field of surgery, and the consequence is notable.

Based on the results of this study, task-based learning (TBL) is an effective method for surgical technologists in the clinical education. Therefore, the use of this method is recommended for all instructional directors in surgical technology course.

Aims and background

PACU, which locates next to surgery room is designed to take care of patients recovering from anesthesia and surgery. Patients which are transferred to this room are exposed to risks and irreparable complications. Therefore, standardization of this unit has a great importance for proper evaluation of patients. Therefore researchers aimed to assess the condition of PACU in Iran medical university in order to improve this unit based on new worldwide standard.

The present research is a cross-sectional descriptive study which is performed using a census report of PACU in medical university of Iran. A check-list was used as a data collection tool which surveys 3 main standards of PACU concerning the structure, equipment and functionality of these units. Data was analyzed using SPSS25.

Results showed that 7 of 11 surveyed hospitals reached the standard concerning equipments, 3 of them were near the standard index and one was below the standard index. Investigations concerning the Structure Standard showed only that 2 of 11 hospitals reached the standard, 5 were near the standard and 4 was below the standard index. Besides, no significant relation was observed between the demographic features and functional aspect in our study.

the structure of PACU in the surveyed hospitals need to be modified and reformed based on the new standards indices. Additionally, it is necessary to provide new modern equipment to these units to improve the care services for the patients.

Considering the importance of standards in improving the quality of health care centers and the role of sterilization units in controlling hospital infections, especially surgical site infections, a study is done with the goal of investigating compliance of structural and functional standards in sterilization units in educational hospitals in Guilan province.

This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the educational hospital of Guilan in 2019-2018 with a sterilization unit using a structured checklist in two dimensions of physical space and equipment. 30 personnel working in units using 360-degree and census method were selected using a functional checklist in 5 dimensions of health, cleaning, packing, cycle control, maintenance and storage. The data were analyzed after collection using SPSS software version22.

Physical dimension had 61/1% and equipment dimension had 71/92% of the standards. There was significant difference between different units in terms of structural dimensions (P<0.001). Also, the average performance of the employed personnel was 84/4%, which followed the principles of hygiene the weakest observation rate. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between age and performance and there was a significant positive correlation between performance, and their training course.

The need to review spaces and eliminate defects in control equipment to ensure the functioning of the devices, as well as the use of interested and young forces and the organization of regular training courses are recommended using a continuous monitoring system to promote the highest standards.

 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the chronic inflammatory diseases of the nervous system. The cause of the disease has not yet been clearly identified. Environmental factors and infections, including the toxoplasma, are hypothesized to be the cause of the disease. Toxoplasma has important effects in diseases related to the nervous system. Our goal was to compare the serum antibody level against toxoplasma in patients with MS and healthy people in Sanandaj, Iran.     In this case-control study, 100 patients with MS who were registered in the MS Society of Sanandaj and 200 matched healthy blood donors from the Sanandaj Blood Transfusion Organization (control group) were studied from 2015 to 2016. 5 ml blood sample was obtained from all subjects and then after isolation of patients' sera, IgG antibodies against toxoplasma -antigens were measured by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square test.     Toxoplasma antigen was found in 13% of patient group (p=0.204) and 14.5% of control group, there is no significant difference between the levels of anti-toxoplasma antibody in the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The age of patients was between 20-40 years and the control group was also matched accordingly. The place of residence of all patients and all the control group was urban.     It seems that toxoplasma gondii has not relation with MS.

The prevalence of obesity is an increasing public health problem.

The present study aimed at estimating the prevalence of unhealthy diet among children aged 10 - 12 years in Kurdistan, west of Iran and assessing the association of unhealthy diet with socioeconomic inequality.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 2506 children living in Sanandaj city, west of Iran in 2015. The subjects were selected from the schools by multistage sampling method. The required data were collected using the food frequency questionnaire. The socioeconomic status (SES) was calculated by measuring household asset by using principal component analysis technique. The inequality was measured using concentration index, and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method was utilized to determine the proportion of different determinants causing inequality.

The prevalence of unhealthy diet was 50.75% (95% confidence interval (CI): 48.79 - 52.71). The concentration index for unhealthy diet was -0.14 (95% CI: -0.18, -0.09), indicative of concentration of unhealthy diet in the group with low SES (P < 0.001). The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis showed that the poor-rich gap in the prevalence of unhealthy diet was 27.77%, while 59.41% of the observed gap attributed to the explained component. The major causes of inequality were mother’s level of education and place of residence, respectively.

The obtained results showed that the prevalence of unhealthy diet was higher in children with low SES. Increasing mothers’ awareness of health literacy and performing place-based interventions can be effective in decreasing socioeconomic inequalities in unhealthy diet and prevention of chronic diseases in children.

Low physical activity (PA) is increasing public health problem. The present study aimed to determine socioeconomic inequality in PA among children aged 10–12 years old in Kurdistan, west of Iran in 2015. The present cross‑sectional study was conducted on 2506 children aged 10–12 in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2015. Data on the children’s level of PA were collected using the Modifable Activity Questionnaire. The concentration index was used to measure inequality and the Oaxaca decomposition to examine the different determinants of the inequality. The data were analyzed in Stata 13 and SPSS 20. Of the 2506 participants, 40.90% (38.97–42.82) had insuffcient PA. Girls had a lower level of PA than boys (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34; 95% confdence intervals [CI]: 0.28–0.41) and it is directly related to maternal education (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.18–2.47), the family’s Socioeconomic status (SES) (OR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.56–3.05), and the place of residence (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.16–2.44). The concentration index for insuffcient PA was -0.25 (95 CI: -0.30 to -0.21), revealing an insuffcient PA in the group with a low SES. The prevalence of insuffcient PA is 51.38% (95% CI: 48.45–54.31) in poor group and 28.40% (95% CI: 22.80–33.99) in the wealthier group. The Oaxaca decomposition showed maternal education and the place of residence was the most important determinants of inequality. According to the fndings, most of the children especially in the poor groups didn’t have suffcient PA and socioeconomic factors could have the important role

Operating room technologists are constantly exposed to sleep disturbances due to their occupationally sensitive nature and these disorders lead to physical and psychological complications. Job stress is one of the important factors of physical and mental complications, as well as reduction of efficiency in operating room technologists. In this descriptive-analytical study, the sample size was 134, which was calculated using the sample size formula and included the operating room technologists working in educational hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences who were available and the questionnaires were given to them. The questionnaires included the following items: 1) Demographic information such as age, sex, work record, marital status and educational level, 2) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 3) Kahen et al. job stress questionnaire. The quality of sleep and job stress did not have a significant relationship with any of the demographic variables. there is no significant difference in mean of sleep quality and occupational stress among single and married people. Nursing managers are aware of the results of this study by properly communicating with the operating room technologists and supporting them and creating the right environment for the continuing professional activity of technologists to reduce occupational stress, as well as for operating room technology technologists, classes and workshops to increase Sleep patterns and stress management are organized periodically.

The present study aimed to assess the factors associated with the mortality of patints with brain tumor surgery at Be’sat Hospital in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. In this prospectively cross-sectional study, 108 patients diagnosed with brain tumor and followed by a surgery during April to December of 2014 were recruited. Eighteen cases were excluded from the study due to lack of information about their treatment outcomes. Patients’ information including age, gender, tumor type, tumor location, type of treatment, and extent of resection was collected by a checklist. Clinical outcome of the patients in six months after surgery was determined through phone calling to patients. All analyses conducted in SPSS software using logistic regression. Forty-seven (52.2%) of the studied subjects were women. The age of cases ranged from 3 to 83 years with total mean of 43.4 ± 21.9 years. In six months after treatment, 41 (45.6%) of the treated patients died. After excluding 9 children from final analysis and modeling the data by logistic regression, statistically significant associations were observed between death from central nervous system (CNS) tumor and male gender [odds ratio (OR): 5.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38–21.99], higher age (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13), partial vs. total resection (OR: 20.24, 95% CI: 1.21–337.51), and high malignant potential tumors (OR: 14.77, 95% CI: 4.85–45.02). The results showed that both demographic (advanced age and male gender) and clinical factors (high malignant potential tumors and partial removal of tumor) related to the worse outcome in patients with primary CNS tumors during six months after surgery.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the chronic inflammatory diseases of the Nervous system. The cause of the disease has not yet been clearly identified. Environmental factors and infections, including the Epstein - Barr virus (EBV), are hypothesized to be the cause of the disease. Our goal was to compare the serum antibody level against EBV in patients with MS and healthy people in Sanandaj, Iran. In this case-control study, 100 patients with MS who were registered in the MS Society of Sanandaj and 204 gender matched healthy blood donors from the Sanandaj Blood Transfusion Organization (control group) who signed an inform consent were studied from 2015 to 2016. A 5 ml blood sample was obtained from all subjects and then after isolation of patients' sera, IgG antibodies against EBV-CA and EBNA-1 antigens were measured by ELISA method. Demographic data and the results of the tests were analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square test. EBNA-1 antigen was found in 92% of patient group and 91% of control group (P= 0.959). Serum anti EBV positivity was significantly higher among women (p=0.012). The EBV-CA antigen was  positive in 95% ofthe patient group and 90% of controls (p= 0.229). There was no significant gender difference for this test (p=0.115). There was no significant difference in the results of IgG antibodies against EBV in patients with MS and healthy controls in Sanandaj.

: Anger is one of the country's problems and in many cases leads to behavior that imposes enormous damage to the economy. The aim current study is to measure the state anger of the primary school teachers in Kermanshah.
The study was descriptive. The population of the study teachers that teaching at a different base and sample size of 285 people.The data Using the state- trait anger2 questionnaires and by random sampling were collected and Using the software SPSS-18 were analyzed.
The results showed that male school teachers rage with an average of 6.35±1.64 are higher girl school teachers rage. The highest state of anger subscale is boys school teachers with an average of 8.59 ± 3.22. Also highest state anger in schools for boys and girls belong to in the sixth and two grade, respectively.
Due to the high state of anger and its close relationship with anger, require that education with planning and training of his staff in the field of anger management, take a step towards mental health of teachers.

The lung cancer is the third cause of death and also one of the five common cancers in Iran. In this study, the efficiency of semi-parametric Cox models and Weibull parametric models in order to evaluate the effective factors of survival time of patients with lung cancer were investigated.
This study was a prospective-cohort study in which the total number of 228 patients with lung cancer followed up from 1991-2007 and necessary information such as age at the time of diagnosis, gender, place of residence, education, residence status smoking, family history of cancer, province were collected from Babol cancer registry center. Then, these added to Cox and Weibull models as demographic factors. Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to compare the efficiency of competing models.
In this study, 75% of cases were men and only 8% of patients survived until the end of the study. The 1, 3, and 5- year survival rates were 13, 8 and 8% respectively. Among the factors studied in the Weibull model, the effect of smoking on survival time was significant (p0.05). However, AIC suggested higher efficiency for parametric Weibull model.
In spite of the importance of the Cox model is as a more common method by researchers, this study showed that the Weibull model is more efficient in survival data analysis. According to the results of this study smoking prevention is necessary to increase the longevity of patients with lung cancer.

This research aims to monitor the trace elements content (Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ag, Al, Mn, Mg, Zn and Fe) in the tissues of the muscle and liver of silver carp (H. molitrix ) and stone moroko (P. parva) from Zarivar Wetland in western Iran. This research was cross-sectional. The research specimen was fish caught from Zarivar Wetland. Metal concentration analysis was carried out utilizing an ICP. Findings indicate presence of Fe and Pb in the liver, Zn and Cd in the muscle hadthe highest and lowest metal concentration accumulated, respectively. The trace elements content in the liver tissue was higher than those in the muscle tissue of H. molitrix and P. parva. Moreover, the Hazard Quotients for an adult with mean of 71.5 kg was below 1 based on trace elements levels. Though, the mean concentrations of trace elements in the muscle of H. molitrix and P. parva was lower than international standards. according to the uptake and distribution, these elements require periodic monitoring in the human body.

Anger is one of the most important excitement in human life and theorists have mentioned it in the list of basic human emotions. Excessive anger in schools with Many problems associated. Given that anger as an emotional factor can be controlled through education and this at school is the teachers. The aim of this study was to determine trait anger in teachers of primary schools.
This study is descriptiv. The population of primary school teachers in Kermanshah city that randomly selected. The sample size is 285 teachers in Kermanshah city. The data collecting instruments were standard questionnaire, State-Trait Anger Expression(staxi2) Inventory. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and R software.
The highest averages in measures of mood and angry reaction, respectively 7.24±2.70, 11.76±3.58, it is in the sixth grade teachers. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between type of school and teachers anger(P The results showed the trait anger is high that is anger subscale and a high impact on it. Control and anger management is very important as the teachers in Kermanshah city and has to be considered.

Background and Southern area of the Caspian Sea is an important resource of seafood products in Iran. One of the major factors affecting the health of seafood consumers is lead (Pb), due to its wide distribution and bio-accumulative property. In this study, all the studies, conducted during 2003-2016 on the amount of lead in white, mullet, and carp fish at the southeastern coast of the Caspian Sea were assessed.
This meta-analysis used the data on 1242 muscle tissues of Rutilus frisii kutum, Liza auratus, Liza saliens, and Cyprinus carpio collected from the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. The level of lead concentration in samples was obtained from recently published articles in valid scientific journals. Then, dietary consumption risk and consumption limit of these fishes were assessed.
In this study, mean concentrations of lead in fish muscle tissues were higher compared to levels accepted by various various national. However, daily and weekly absorption of this element through fish consumption was lower than the dose permitted by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. It was found that 0.23, 0.43, and 0.28 kg/day of Caspian white fish, mullet, and carp for adults, and 0.048, 0.09, and 0.58 kg/day of the these fishes can be consumed by children, respectively, without any non-carcinogenic effects.
According to the results of this study, a great difference was observed between various studies in terms of the reported effect factor. While publication bias was notable, it seems that the current amount of consumption of the evaluated fish has led to no serious health risks in consumers.

Background and Fish is consumed by humans for its nutritional properties, but accumulation of heavy metals in fish can pose serious health hazards. The aim of this research was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in the muscle and liver of common carp in Zarivar wetland, Iran.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which carps were caught from Zarivar Wetland in 2015. The levels of heavy metals in liver and muscle were measured using ICP.
The findings indicated that Fe and Pb in liver, and Zn and Cd in muscle had the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively. The levels of heavy metals in liver were higher than those in the muscles of carp. Moreover, the Target Hazard Quotients for an adult person with mean weight of 71.5 kg was lower than 1 for the levels of heavy metals studied (expect for Cr).
This research showed that the levels of heavy metals in edible muscle of carp was lower than international standards, but according to the bioaccumulation and toxicity of these metals in humans periodic monitoring is required.

Screen time (ST), including watching television and playing electronic games are the leading cause of a growing obesity epidemic. This study aimed to evaluate ST and its association with physical activity, overweight and socioeconomic status (SES) in children 10 to 12 years of age in Sanandaj.
This study was designed as a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in Sanandaj in 2015. ST and physical activity data were collected using the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ). Overweight indices are defined based on BMI age- and gender-specific percentiles, as proposed by WHO criteria. Considering household assets data, SES was calculated using principal component analysis (PCA). The relationship between ST and different determinants was assessed using logistic regression analysis.
Based on the results obtained in our study, 47.28% (95% CI: 45.33-49.24) of the participants spent more than two hours a day on television and video watching and electronic games playing. People who spend greater time on ST activities, independent of their physical activities, are more susceptible to overweight and obesity (p=0.002). People in higher socioeconomic groups spent more time on watching TV and video and playing electronic games (p=0.001). There was a direct relationship between the residential area and ST (P=0.052). ST in male was found to be greater (p=0.033). In addition, ST was also lower in school-aged children whose mothers had a greater education (p=0.56).
Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to increase the education level and knowledge of mothers and design interventions consistent with children gender and residential location so that to reduce ST and its associated outcomes in children.

One of the most influential natural emotions of anger that affects a person's physical and mental health. Studies have shown that chronic anger and continuous modes of expression and its control over the course of mood and anxiety disorders , as well as the negative impact of leaving. The aims of this study was determine levelincidence and control anger courses at Kurdistan University of Sciences.
This study is descriptive. The study population included 410 students ( 207 males and 203 females) who were selected by multistage random sampling. Spielberger state-trait anger questionnaire 2. Software and test data Spss18, Mann-whitney U,correlation, descriptive statistics , were analyzed.
anger and anger control , respectively, with an average of 17/43±3/29and22/01±4/62 highest averages were assigned to.
There was no significant relationship between gender and anger , but anger control internal and external gender relations are significant.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic disease involving joints. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) as a specific antibody is a reliable index to early diagnosis of RA. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can reduce progression of RA joint destruction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of DMARDs in reducing serum anti-CCP. A cross-sectional study was performed on 30 patients including 22 females and 8 males RA patients according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria, who referred to the Rheumatology Clinic. Treatment with DMARD group started at the beginning of the study (May 2009). At 1st and 6th month of the study, clinical findings and disease activities were recorded and anti-CCP was measured. At the beginning and the end of the study, morning stiffness for more than 1 h and involvement of three areas were, 28 (93%) and 12 (40%), respectively. Indicators of disease severity in patients, the mean ± SD serum levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate at the beginning and end, were 40.7 (30-59) mm/1 h and 13.4 (9-86) respectively. Anti-CCP at the beginning and end of the study was 141.83 (65.8-101.09) U/ml and 65.8 (62-92) U/ml respectively (P < 0.05). Disease Activity Score in 28 joints and rheumatoid factor positive and C-reactive protein positive were significantly different at the onset and at the end of the study (P < 0.05). Measurement of serum anti-CCP is a helpful index of treatment response and monitoring of treatment efficacy in patients with RA.