فهرست مطالب s. zarei

Infertility is a major negative life event that leads to mental problems and emotional stressful experiences. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of Adlerian group counseling on the existential anxiety and self-compassion in infertile women.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The study population included all infertile women referred to Kangavar City Infertility Clinic in 2020. The sample size included 34 of them selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned in two experimental (17 women) and control (17 women) groups. For the experimental group, the Adlerian group counseling therapy was delivered in 11 sessions of 90 minutes each over four weeks, while the control group received no training. Data collection tools included the Good's (1974) existential anxiety and Neff's (2003) self-compassion questionnaires. Both groups completed the mentioned questionnaires, once before the intervention (one day before the training start) and once after the intervention (one day after the training sessions completion). For the statistical analysis of the obtained data, the multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-24 was used.

The results showed that the Adlerian group counseling therapy had a significant impact on aimlessness of works (F = 39.76 and p<0.001), lack of value for meaning in life (F = 31.22 and p<0.001), lack of interest in performing tasks (F=29.05 and p<0.001), inability to convince others (F=35.43 and p<0.001) and lack of feeling responsible towards others (F=42.56 and p<0.001) and self-compassion (F=45.33 and p<0.001).

The results showed that the Adlerian group counseling therapy has significantly improved self-compassion and reduced existential anxiety in infertile women. Therefore, the use of this intervention is recommended for infertile women.

The development of electron beam applications motivates electron gun research. In addition to the beam energy and current, its quality also plays a significant role in the spread of electron guns. Herein, we present the design of an electron gun for use as an electron source in a linear accelerator with high beam current and quality. In this design, starting with the Pierce geometry, a stay-by-stay optimization based on the physics governed by the beam behavior has been carried out to control the emittance growth and get a beam of outstanding quality. In particular, non-linear transverse force, space charge effect, and spherical aberration are considered. This resulted in a threefold improvement in the beam quality as measured by the beam emittance.

Hajj is one of the main pillars of Islam, and it is obligatory for all adult Muslims who can afford to travel and are in acceptable health. In this religious event, every year, about 2 to 3 million Muslim pilgrims of different nationalities gather in the city of Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and a large part of this population consists of older adults (25% over 65 years old) who are exposed to various chronic diseases such as diabetes. At least 5% of pilgrims have diabetes, and 13.8% have underlying diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic foot ulcer, a preventable complication of diabetes, is one of the most common reasons for visiting a doctor during Hajj, and if not treated, it leads to amputation and disability. It has profound consequences on the health system and society.On the other hand, many conditions affect pilgrims. Crowding, hot desert weather, physical activity in the open environment, neglecting self-management, changes in diet, and the existence of restrictions such as the prohibition of placing oneself in the shade can be examples of new conditions that increase the risk of diabetic foot ulcers. This article provides recommendations for preventing diabetic foot ulcers for patients with diabetes and their medical teams before and during this valuable spiritual pilgrimage.

This study was carried out to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy and hopelessness in the relationship between family emotional climate and adolescents’ boredom. This research had a descriptive, correlational design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all female junior high school students in Tehran (District 11) in 2019-2020 school year from among whom 280 students were selected using random multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research instruments included General Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer et al., 1982), Hopelessness Scale for Children (Kazdin et al., 1986), Family Emotional Climate Questionnaire (Nodargah Fard, 1994), and Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (Fahlman et al., 2013). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and path analysis. The results indicated that family emotional climate had a significant, positive effect on self-efficacy, whereas it exerted a significant, negative effect on hopelessness and boredom. Also, self-efficacy had a significant, negative effect on boredom, whereas hopelessness exerted a non-significant effect on boredom. Furthermore, the results showed that self-efficacy played a mediating role in the link between family emotional climate and boredom, while hopelessness did not mediate the association between family emotional climate and boredom. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that self-efficacy is an important factor affecting adolescents’ boredom. Hence, enhancing self-efficacy is a proper way to help adolescents deal with everyday life problems and combat boredom.

The frequency of cavities in electron linear accelerators changes because of volume variation and manufacturing error. Adjusting the frequency of cavities is one of the most important steps in a cold test, which must be considered in the design. In constructing a standing-wave tube for dual-energy linac, an aluminum tube (including two half-acceleration cavities and one coupling cavity) was constructed. In this project, to modify the changes caused by a manufacturing error, adjustment screws were used. These screws change the frequency by somewhat changing the volume of the cavities. In this paper, the calculation and simulation of frequency changes due to dimensional variation were carried out. Based on the calculation and simulation, the design of screws for a frequency adjustment in experimental conditions is done. According to the results of this paper, using the screws on the cavities wall, the resonant frequency can be changed up to 10 MHz. Therefore, using the selected method, the frequency changes caused by the manufacturing error can be compensated to the extent mentioned. In this study, the tube's resonant frequency for the π/2 mode was set equal to 2998.5 MHz, and the mechanical accuracy of the construction was obtained at 200 μm.

The main objective of this study was to develop and characterize NRG-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (NRG-SLNs) on the breast cancer cell line (4T1).

NRG-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by hot-melt emulsification and high-speed homogenization method. The cytotoxicity of NRG-SLNs was evaluated by measuring the viability of 4T1 cells using the MTT assay. Additionally, the induction of pro- apoptotic proteins and suppression of anti-apoptotic ones by NRG-SLNs were analyzed through using Western-blotting method.

The prepared NRG-SLNs had mean size of 84 nm, zeta potential of −21 mV and the entrapment efficiency of 73.17%. IC50 values of 4T1 cells treated with NRG-SLNs were 20 μM at 24 h and 2 μM at 48 h of incubation. The western blot analysis showed that NRG-SLNs could increase Bax / BCL2 ratio compared to the control group. Based on the results, level of Bax, p-ASK1 and cytochrome c enhanced in the treatment group.

In conclusion, NRG-SLNs may have the potential to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in the breast cancer cells of 4T1.

Studies have verified that family functioning has a negative relationship with smartphone addiction in adolescents. However, not much is known about the mediating mechanism underlying this relationship during the Coronaviruses Outbreak. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem and loneliness in the relationship between family functioning and smartphone addiction.

The research design was descriptive. From the statistical population of male high school students at district 14 of Tehran in academic year of 2019-2020, a total of 281 students were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Family Assessment Device, UCLA Loneliness Scale- Version 3, Cell-phone Over-use Scale, and Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale. To analyze the data Pearson’s correlation test and structural equation modeling were conducted.

The results showed that direct effect of family functioning (β=0.11, p<0.001), self-esteem (β=0.27, p<0.001), and loneliness (β=0.23, p<0.001) on the smartphone addiction were significant. Also, the results showed that the mediating role of self-esteem (β=-0.11, p<0.01) and loneliness (β= 0.04, p<0.05) in the relationship between family functioning and smartphone addiction was significant.

This study revealed that the adolescents who live in better family atmosphere have higher self-esteem and experience less loneliness, and are less likely to develop smartphone addiction. Overall, these findings have some important implications for the prevention and intervention of the adolescent Internet addiction.

By formation of the resistant front in Iraq, Syria and Yemen, and by developing strategic depth of Islamic Revolution, reciprocal actions of enemies have engulfed mentioned countries as well. One of those actions is enjoying the Sunni Muslim’s potentials with Salafi and Vahhabi approach. The topic states that I.R of Iran must take care until not being faced with surprised failure not only in its territory but also in the resistant country. In this article the researchers are following to answer the main question as: Has I.R of Iran been faced with surprised failure in Iraq and collapse of Mosul? If yes, the following subordinate questions are being answered: 1- What where the reasons of Iran’s surprised failure in collapse of Mosul? 2- What are the preventive ways of military-security surprised failure by approach, structural and methodical in the future? The following research has been raised as developing and practical and by merging qualitative and quantitative inputs, as well as 3 open-ended questionnaires and mixed method has been used. The time territory is from resuming Islamic Revolution. To answer the questions, by studying upstream/high level documents, expert interviews and comparison studies 9 components and 60 attributes from surprised failure field have been discovered. By arranging expert meeting and 3 questionnaires all the ideas have received, so that we found the essence of the failure in Mosul was ignorance and treason. Reasons and factors of surprised failure have been studied and analyzed by AHP method. Finally, weaknesses and reasons of surprised failure have structural, methodical and logical approach as course of actions.

Inroduction & Objective:

One of the biggest threats facing the aquaculture industry is bacterial infectious diseases and the use of antibiotics. Phage therapy is a reliable alternative to antibiotics to inactivate bacteria as major pathogens in the aquaculture industry. The aim of this study was to screen Vibrio species off the coast of Bushehr province and control this shrimp pathogen using phage.
 

For this study, water was sampled in 1398 from areas close to the coast of Bushehr province. Bacteria that cause Vibriosis were determined using biochemical tests and molecular sequencing. Bacterial selection was performed according to the results of antibiogram profiles of dominant bacteria and pathogens. TCBS was used to determine the phage titer of the culture medium and the plugs were counted 24 hours after incubation at 30 ° C.

5 bacteria (Vibrio alginolyticus strain SeqID, Vibrio xuii strain Z-03Phage, Vibrio alginolyticus SZ / 10 gene, Vibrio rotiferianus strain SRPR-Phage, Vibrio harveyi strain Z05 were isolated from Bushehr wastewater contaminated waters). Vibrio alginolyticus strain SeqID was selected as the dominant bacterial species according to the results of antibiogram profile determination, growth halo diameter and bacterial biochemical test of the studied species. Based on the results of 16srDNA molecular analysis, the isolated strain of the bacterium was 100% similar to Vibrio alginolyticus. Based on the results of the host domain, Vibrio alginolyticus strain Samira Phage was able to form plugs.

The isolated bacteriophage Vibrio alginolyticus strain Samira Phage had a bactericidal effect with a wide range against Vibrio bacteria identified from the shores of Bushehr, which indicates that this bacteriophage can be a good candidate for use in phage therapy Be against viberosis.

Vibriosis is one of the major diseases which cause problems in the aquaculture industry. The disease is a bacterial infection responsible for the mortality of breeding shrimp around the world. This study aimed to isolate and identify V. alginolyticus contaminated shrimp samples in Bushehr city, Southwest Iran. Shrimp samples were collected from Persian Gulf waste water. Identification of bacterial isolates was performed by phenotypic and biochemical and molecular tests (PCR and sequencing) by using forward primer (5-GAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3) and reverese primer (5-ACGGGCGGTG+GTRC-3). Antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates was detected. isolate of V. alginolyticus was detected with resistance to ampicillin, but susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and imipenem and tetracycline disks.  V. alginolyticus is participated in shrimp contamination which lead to food destroy and also human impairments. Key words: Vibrio alginolyticus, primer, Vibriosis, 16srRNA sequencing

Damage to the endotracheal tube cuff during general anesthesia can cause ventilatory failure for the patient. The aim of this study is to report structural defect and herniation of the endotracheal tube cuff in a patient undergoing lumbar discectomy in the prone position.

CASE REPORT: 

The patient was a 77-year-old woman who was a candidate for Lumbar discectomy who referred to Kowsar Hospital in Sanandaj for surgery. The patient underwent general anesthesia with a spiral endotracheal tube in the prone position. After 30 minutes of surgery, there were symptoms of increased airway pressure, decreased saturation, and increased carbon dioxide. Postoperative examinations revealed that the patientchr('39')s endotracheal tube cuff had a hernia which blocked the airway; the problem was resolved and surgery continued. Diagnosis and treatment of this case have important and significant points that are mentioned below.

Structural defects in the endotracheal tube and its cuff may cause insufficient ventilation of the patient and reduce the delivery of anesthetic gases to the patient. The definitive solution to endotracheal tube cuff defect is replacement, but conservative measures may be used as a temporary solution in some clinical situations. The anesthesia team should be prepared with adequate equipment, programs, and personnel to follow “​Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway” developed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) in the case of loss of air exchange in the patient.

Camelina is an annual oilseed plant of the Brassicaceae. Resistance to some diseases and pests of other members of Brassicaceae plants is one of the important features of Camelina. In the experimental sowing of this plant in Ahvaz in the cropping year 2018-2019, while the seeds were still immature, silicles shattering was observed in some camelina plants in experimental plots. After careful observation, it was discovered that some ants were cutting off the plant silicles and transferring them to their nests. Damages by these ants to Camelina plants were not limited to availibility of plants on the farm. These damages were also observed at the time of harvesting and counting of yield components. The ant was identified as Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927 (Myrmicinae: Formicidae). This species has previously been reported from northern and southwestern of Iran. Collected specimens are preserved in the insects and mites collection, at the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. This is the first report of insects damage to Camelina in Iran.

To date, only labour force and physical capital have been considered as factors of production in neoclassical growth patterns. But recently, the creation of differences in the level of production and income among countries, beyond the difference in physical capital, has led to more dimensions of the variable of capital being investigated. These explorations led to the arrival of variables of human and social capitals into a growth model. This study aimed to analyse the role of various types of capital in the Iranian economy. Hence, the neoclassical growth model and the data of period between 1974 and 2012 were used. Types of capital were added to physical capital, including human, social, and environmental capitals. The environmental capital was considered as carbon dioxide emission costs. The variables representing social capital included access to the internet as well as access to the telephone. In the case of human capital, three variables were used including literacy rate, enrolment rate in elementary school, as well as the students number. It was also assumed that technology, in addition to the workforce, would appear in the form of physical capital. The findings exhibited that physical capital was the most important factor in the growth of Iranian economy. However, a very small role was played by the variables of human and environmental capitals. The role of social capital has been estimated to be relatively acceptable and positive, which is about one- third to one-quarter of physical one.

Cereals as one of the most important sources of food plants could provide more than 70% of the food for the human population. Passing of water from the magnetic field is among approachable methods in order to reduce the total amount of water used for irrigation. Moreover, magnetized water is a new concept for increasing the water efficiency. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of the magnetized water on some of features containing dry weight, germination velocity and percentage, length and weight vigor indices of five common wheat cultivars including Roshan, Sardari, Shiraz, Falat and Yavarus, to introduce the best cultivar considering the growth and germination indices as well as water and energy efficiency.

To perform this experiment, a device with a magnetic field of 500 millitesla was constructed to accommodate both the water path and the placement of seeds in the magnetic field. To perform the experiments, 10 seeds in 4-kg vases and 25 seeds in each Petri dish were cultivated in the greenhouse and laboratory, respectively. The experiments were carried out in the form of completely randomized factorial design. The factors are considered as the duration time of keeping the water in the magnetic field (three levels of 30, 60 and 120 minutes), the intensity of the magnetic field (three levels of 100, 150, and 200 millitesla), and five wheat cultivars (Roshan, Sardari, Shiraz, Falat and Yavarus) in three replications.
Experiments related to the both of rate and percent of germination and for dry weight were performed at room temperature in the laboratory and greenhouse under controlled conditions, respectively. The measured data were analyzed using SAS software. The F test was used to determine the significant level of treatments. The comparison of the means was evaluated using LSD test.

The obtained results, showed that the effect of magnetic water on all growth and germination indices compared to control samples was significant. Under the 150 millitesla and 120 minutes treatment, the Yavarus, Roshan and Sardari cultivar had maximum dry weight, respectively. The Roshan cultivar had the maximum germination velocity at 100 and 150 millitesla and duration time of 30 minutes. Moreover, the maximum germination percentage was found in the Roshan cultivar, which did not have a significant difference with Yavarus cultivar. The Roshan cultivar in 200 millitesla field and duration time of 60 minutes, had the maximum percentage of length vigor index, which showed a significant difference with other averages.In general, Roshan and Sardari cultivars had more length vigor index than other cultivars. Sardari cultivar had maximum percentage of weight vigor index under 200 millitesla and 120 minutes duration time, which had no significant difference with the percentage of weight vigor index at the same field level and with duration time of 60 minutes.

According to the obtained results to achieve the maximum value of dry weight, it is better to use the Yavarus cultivar. It is recommended to use the Roshan cultivar with the lower level of magnetic field and duration time to attain the maximum value of the germination velocity and percentage. To get the maximum value of the length vigor index and the weight vigor index the Roshan and Sardari cultivars, and the Sardari cultivar with field of 200 milli Tesla and lower duration time are preferred.

The question of whether low levels of non-ionizing radiations such as the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce the same positive immune responses remains unanswered. This study aimed to investigate the effects of non-ionizing RF-EMF on some parameters of the immune system in an animal model following infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

 Male BALB/c mice were exposed to RF-EMFs generated by a common GSM mobile phone for 3 days. Animals were infected with K. pneumonia or S. Typhimurium on the 4th day. On the7th day after injection, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. The specific antibodies against bacteria were determined by agglutination method and serum levels of the cytokines were measured using the ELISA method. Moreover, the leukocytes count was measured using a cell counter.

 The levels of specific antibodies against bacteria were higher in non-irradiated mice compared to irradiated mice. There were no significant differences between the irradiated and non-irradiated mice regarding the total blood leukocyte count. The mean serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 after infection with K. pneumoniae were significantly higher in the irradiated mice (p<0.001).

Low levels of RF-EMF can stimulate the immune responses in the mice pre-exposed to RF-EMF. This study provides further evidence supporting that exposure to certain levels of RF-EMF can stimulate the immune system. These adaptive responses may be applied to cope with the increased susceptibility of the astronauts to infections during a deep space mission.

Rapid advances in technology, especially in the field of telecommunication, have led to extraordinary levels of mothers’ exposures to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) prior to or during pregnancy. The main goal of this study was to answer this question whether exposure of women to common sources of RF-EMFs either prior to or during pregnancy is related to speech problems in the offspring. In this study, mothers of 110 three-to-seven-year-old children with speech problems and 75 healthy children (control group) were interviewed. These mothers were asked whether they had exposure to different sources of EMFs such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, Wi-Fi, cordless phones, laptops and power lines. Chi square test was used to analyze the differences observed between the control and exposed groups. Statistically significant associations were found between the use of cordless phone and offspring speech problems for both before pregnancy and during pregnancy maternal exposures (P=0.005 and P=0.014, respectively). However, due to high rate of mobile phone use in both groups, this study failed to show any link between mobile phone use and speech problems in offspring. Furthermore, significant associations were observed between living in the vicinity of power lines and speech problems again for both before pregnancy and during pregnancy maternal exposures (P=0.003 and P=0.002, respectively). However, exposure to other sources of non-ionizing radiation was not linked to speech problems. Moreover, exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g. radiography before and during pregnancy) was not associated with the occurrence of speech problems. Although this study has some limitations, it leads us to this conclusion that higher-than-ever levels of maternal exposure to electromagnetic fields could be linked to offspring speech problems.

Estimating accurate bathymetry has many applications in science and engineering. although ship borne sounding are precise method to create bathymetry chart but this method is time confusing and extensive، hence in many oceans region especially in the deeper region don’t exist sufficient data. For this reasons the use of methods that are cost-effective in terms of time and cost are taken into consideration. Satellite altimetry، for over three decades، measures sea level anomaly. For some time، scientists have used these data to measure the gravity field parameters such as gravity، geoid undulations and component of deflection of vertical. Subsurface structures in a region affect in the gravity anomaly. One of the main sources of gravity on sea is seafloor topography. Smith and Sandwell proved that in the wave domain gravity anomaly are most correlated with the seafloor topography in the wavelength range from 15 to 160 km. in this paper we will try to estimate seafloor topography in Oman sea first we filter gravity anomaly and then downward continue them to the mean depth and finally by using Weiner optimization method and ship track line gravity data estimate seafloor topography. It is shown that when we combine gravity data and ship borne track our result improve 7 m with comparisons to shipborne track only.

Practical Applications of bathymetry from ancient times until now، has attracted the attention of scientists to methods that compute it. Bathymetry with ship، despite high accuracy is very costly and time confusing and in the deep regions is impractical even. Hence، the use of indirect methods to predict bathymetry is taken into consideration. Satellite altimetry measure sea level anomaly over 30 years. With retracking methods and new satellite missions such as Cryo_sat، density and accuracy of satellite altimetry data has increased. In geodesy can convert this data to gravity field components such as geoid undulations، free air gravity anomaly، deflection of vertical and etc. on the other hand the internal sources of earth has an important effect on the gravity field components. One of the main this sources in sea is seafloor topography. An inverse can be made by parker relationship between seafloor topography and gravity anomaly data in the frequency domain. On the other hand، iterative least square collocation can be used as an effectively mathematical model to solve inverse problem. In this paper we use the gravity data derived from satellite altimetry and estimate bathymetry in Oman sea area using iterative least square collocation. And compare our result with ETOPO1 bathymetry model and some ship borne depth data in the area of study. Standard deviation between difference of ETOPO1 and ship borne depth data is 121. 4m while this for our computed model is 117. 87m. this is show that our model has better precision in this area compared with ETOPO1.

Modeling of gravity field has many application in geosciences such as geodesy، geophysics، and oceanography and tectonic. Marine Gravity observations due to factor such as oscillation and accelerations of ship، also mechanical errors that are greater in water have low precision. Satellite altimetry provide detailed information about geoid changes and its slope changes over the oceans. in geodesy we can convert geoid and its slope (deflection of vertical component)، to gravity anomaly using spectral analysis methods. There are two integral equation to estimate gravity anomaly from geoid and deflection of vertical، stokes integral and vening meinesz integral. In this paper method of marine gravity anomaly deriving from satellite altimetry are introduced and then using satellite altimetry data estimate marine gravity anomaly over Oman Sea that is a Deep region. Then for control precision of methods، use marine gravity anomaly points that have corrected and collected by national geophysical data center (NGDC). our result show that in gravity anomaly estimation from satellite altimetry using Deflections of vertical as observation and spectral kind of vening meinesz integral as method have a RMS of 4. 2 mgal in comparison with shipborne data، while the using geoid as observation and spectral kind of stokes integral as method، have 4. 38 mgal in comparison with shipborne data. This indicate spectral kind of vening meinesz integral have advantage in comparison with spectral kind of stokes integral.

To detcnninc the short-term reacrogenicity of diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccine administered to preschool children in a number of health centers of Tehran in 2006.

In this prospective cohort study, 337 children aged 4-6 years were injected with DTwP vaccine manufactured by Razi Institute of Iran. Reactogenicity was assessed by the parents for 7 days post vaccination using diary cards. Local (pain, redness and swelling) and systemic (fever, loss of appetite, gasterointestinal symptoms, vomiting and eczema) side effects were recorded daily.

Out of 337 children, 312 (92.6%) reported local reactions and 220 (65.3%) reported systemic reactions. No serious adverse events related to vaccination were reported. Among local reacuons, pain was the most frequent (86.9%), but 11 was mostly mild or moderate. Redness (52.8%) and swelling (41.2%) were the most frequently observed signs in the second day. The systemic reactions observed in children included fever (48.4%), loss of appetite (24%), gastrointestinal symptoms (5 6%), vomiting (8%) and eczema (2.7%). Only 3.6% of children had auxiliary fever above 39 'c. All signs were observed to have reduced or completely disappeared during a week.

Compared with previous reports in Iran, reactogenicity of DTwP of Razi Institute seems to be reduced, but it was still more frequent than the internationally approved cellular vaccine counterparts. Reactogcnicity of the cellular triple vaccine may be related to the vaccine formulation or the bacterial cell fragments used in vaccine production.