saeed akbari

The present research investigates the productivity of compound noun maker patterns in Persian language based on the theoretical framework of Plag (2003). For this purpose, the authors have extracted 1300 compound nouns from a corpus taken from Persian language database (PLDB). The method of the present research is descriptive-analytic and data collecting is corpus based. After the study of collected data of research, the authors have concluded that the only quantitative method for measuring the productivity of word formation processes introduced by Plag (2003) is to count the outputs of a word formation process. Also, the most productive compound noun maker pattern among compound noun maker patterns is (noun+noun). Moreover, different methods of measuring the productivity rate of compound noun maker patterns offer different results. Analysis of the extracted data from the research corpus shows that among the compound noun maker patterns in Persian, (noun + noun) pattern has the highest productivity and these patterns ( pronoun + noun / pronoun + stem of present verb / noun + imperative verb / number + number) have the lowest productivity.

This research examines how effective water resources management impacts sustainable rural livelihoods in Poldakhtar city. It addresses the key issue of rural migration driven by decreased water resources and inadequate management, particularly affecting agriculture. The study, applied and descriptive-analytical in nature, focused on 7358 households in Poldakhtar's villages, selecting 365 households as samples using Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed using sample t-tests and multivariate regression analysis. Results from the sample t-test revealed that the most favorable aspect of water resources management was the use of suitable cultivation patterns, which had the highest average score of 3.376. Conversely, the lowest score of 2.706 was for the Agricultural Bank’s role in providing loans for water needs. Overall, water resources management in Poldakhtar was rated positively, with an average score of 3.118. Multivariate regression analysis assessed the effects of water resources management on various dimensions of sustainable rural livelihoods. The analysis showed that water management significantly influenced social livelihood (beta coefficient of 0.325), economic livelihood (0.276), human livelihood (0.213), and physical livelihood (0.178). These findings underscore the importance of effective water management in enhancing various aspects of rural life and its potential to mitigate migration challenges by improving living conditions.

Due to the occurrence of respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19, the need to use mechanical ventilation to save the lives of patients and improve the clinical conditions of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit has also become common. In this study, SIMV and PRVC modes of mechanical ventilation have been compared and analyzed on hemodynamics parameters and oxygenation of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit.

In this study, which was conducted using the time series method, there were patients with COVID-19, who were admitted and treated for respiratory failure in the special care department of Al-Zahra Educational-Treatment Centers from January 1, 2019, to the end of June 1400 AH. They were under mechanical ventilation in one of the two groups with one of the modalities of PRVC, SIMV. Patients underwent periodic visits and were followed up for 48 hours after intubation.

The obtained results show that the hemodynamic stability and oxygenation parameters in PRVC mode are higher than in SIMV mode, while the complications of SIMV mechanical breathing mode show higher values compared to PRVC mode.

Hemodynamic parameters in patients with severe respiratory symptoms with COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit and were under mechanical ventilation with PRVC mode were more stable compared to the SIMV group. The frequency distribution of complications of mechanical ventilation in the SIMV group was significantly higher than in the PRVC group.

The statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution is one of the most important policies and measures of Ayatollah Khamenei in moving forward with the Islamic Revolution, and the education system plays an important and essential role in realizing its horizon. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to identify the desirable indicators of the educational guidance and counseling system in the civilizational horizon of the declaration of the second step of the Islamic Revolution. The current research is a qualitative and descriptive research of an analytical and inferential type with the purpose of development. The method of data collection was documentary studies and the research tool was surveying. The studied example for calculating the indicators was reading the entire text of the second step statement document of the Islamic Revolution. For the calculation of descriptive-interpretive indicators, the point of view of 4 educational guidance and counseling specialists who had a history of working in education was used, and in the field of directional policies, Ayatollah Khamenei's statements were exemplified. The researchers used the content analysis method to analyze the data. In this research, based on the accurate and complete reading of the text of the statement of the second step, the data were counted and coded. In the first stage, the components were counted and in the second stage, the components were classified and the main categories were obtained. In the first stage, 33 components were identified, which were placed in two categories of indicators related to the guidance and counseling system and the requirements and guiding policies of the guidance and counseling system. In the second stage, the guidance and counseling system has six main categories of nurturer, helper, identifier (future-making), spirituality-oriented, preparer and provider of specialized services, and the requirements and policies of the guidance and counseling system in the form of five main categories of provider and They were classified as guaranteeing, deepening and institutionalizing, socializing, promoting and transforming discourse. The results of the present research in the field of developing the required models of education in order to respond to the needs of the country and the civilizational movement of the Islamic Revolution in the field of guidance and counseling, can be used by specialists and trustees of this sector of services.

The current study, carrying a comparative perspective, is an attempt to present the commonalities in Masnavi and Quran with respect to the notion of fiction making. As the analyses provided by this study claim, Quran and Masnavi, despite applying fiction-making strategies, avoid this strategy and, on the basis of this feature, shape the fiction narration and lead the audience to the main point of the narration. Respecting the question that “how is this possible that fiction-making happens while standing off the fiction”, the impact of multiple factors such as the revelation structure, moral idealism, different usage of imagination in storytelling, reality and virtuality of language, and purpose of the story in those pre-mentioned texts can be addressed. Via using descriptive-analytical method and library and attribution studies, it can be concluded that by going beyond the common ways of imaginary contexts (i.e., metaphorical), virtual attribution will lead to reinforcement of fiction narration destruction, which, finally, assists these two texts to stand off the fiction. Furthermore, the difference in Quran and Masnavi`s aim for storytelling leads to creating fiction without telling exact details and without making contexts that are fit with the nature of narration and actions/reactions of fiction characters. So, these features enable these texts to deeply stand off the fiction and be different from readers` normal exceptions in fiction reading.

The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of black pepper (Piper nigrum) aqueous-alcoholic extract and focus on its possible anti-biofilm activity against the two bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in simulated conditions of the food model. Chemical analysis was used to identify the chemical composition of black pepper extract by mass spectrometry gas chromatography (GC - MS). The anti-biofilm activity of black pepper was measured using an automatic ELISA reader at 570 nm wavelength. The GC - MS analysis results indicated that the major compounds in black pepper extract include -3-Carene (20.69%), Limonene (18%), Caryophyllene (17.90%) and -Pinene (10.52%). According to the results in this study, black pepper aqueous- alcoholic extract with a 50% concentration had the highest effect in preventing the biofilm formation of both bacteria In addition, there was no significant difference between black pepper extract (50%) and peracetic acid 0/5% in the antibiofilm activity. There was also no significant difference in the type of bacterial growth media (TSB culture and fish extract) on bacterial biofilm formation in the presence of black pepper extract.

The present research aims to investigate the place of noun in Persian language based on cognitive approach under framework of Lanckager’s cognitive grammar (2008). To achieve this goal, authors have selected 150 Persian simple nouns from Sokhan Dictionary (1382) accidentally. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytic and data collecting is based on library studies.  After the study of collected data of research, authors concluded that in Persian language, the discussion on being countable or non-countable of noun doesn’t make much sense and unlike cognitive approach mass nouns are the same as countable nouns, which receive plural –s morpheme and together with proper nouns, they constitute a different class of nouns. Also in Persian language as well as cognitive approach, pronouns can replace nouns.

Natural plant products are the best candidate for antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and are the suitable alternative for chemical drugs. This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract of S. officinalis on S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa and its comparison with antibiotic discs of ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and gentamicin. In this experimental study the ethanolic extract of S. officinalis was extracted by maceration method and the concentrations of 1.9, 3.9, 7.8, 15.6, 31.2, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml were obtained. Standard microbial strains of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were purchased from pasture Institute and the amount of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts was determined using micro dilution method. Antioxidant and cytotoxicity were evaluated using Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging Capacity and MTT assays. The ethanol extract of S. officinalis had different effects on S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains and inhibition zone diameter of 32.66, 10.83 & 10.6 mm were observed respectively. S. officinalis had an inhibitory effect on all of the studied bacteria except K. pneumoniae and this effect was higher in S. aureus bacteria. Also, the inhibition zone diameter of S. officinalis extracts was exceptionally higher in S. aureus compared to ceftriaxone and gentamicin. Moreover the ethanol extract of S. officinalis showed acceptable antioxidant and no cytotoxicity effects. Our results indicated that S. officinalis extracts had the greatest antibacterial effect on the gram-positive bacteria. Although the inhibition zone diameter of S. officinalis extracts was exceptionally higher in S. aureus compared to ceftriaxone and gentamicin

The confluence of the deep artistic language of the Holy Quran, mind creativity, and the Sufism language in the 172nd verse of A’araf lead to the Alast era. Also, interpretive and verbal challenges of interpreters need an analytical viewpoint to enlighten the role of Sufism mind and language in relation with the aforementioned verse, the factors caused such an interpretation, and investigating  whether the interpretation in the Sufism language is in line with the truth or is just related to mind/language creativity and activity in reading the Holy Quran. In this regard, the purpose of the present study was to investigate how the Sufism language, with its poetic capability and hermeneutic ability, can turn Quranic facts into metonymies, how it can be active in encountering such a source, and why the opposite is true in the interpretive domain. The study was conducted using the descriptive-analytical method based on library/document studies. The findings showed that the interpretation of the Alast verse in the Sufism language is the result of the Sufi’s active mind and resourceful language and has nothing to do with the real meaning of that verse. Indeed, it is even in contrast with the real meaning in which the active mind of the Sufi has resulted in its own desirable meanings from the words ‘Zorrayatahom’ and ‘Alast’, and made the ‘Zor world’ and ‘Alast era’ metaphorically. Therefore, these metaphoric expressions prepared the ground for interpretations and led this verse beyond the symbolic allegory level. In the interpretation domain, interpreters were forced to confirm a stream named ‘Zor world’ and ‘Alast era’ or at least accepted it as a kind of allegory, without considering the conceptual relations in the verse 172 with its previous and next verses and neglecting the precedence of narrativity to the Holy Quran referral and their internal relations.

The spread of modernity has led to the widespread use of cars around the world. So that in urban environments that were human-dominated before the Industrial Revolution, spaces became a priority for car traffic, but planning scholars began to pay attention to the priority of human traffic over cars in urban spaces  As a solution to reduce air pollution and create lively human environments. The present study, with this approach, has evaluated the quality of urban spaces (with emphasis on urban landscape) in Ramian city, Golestan province. In this regard, descriptive-analytic method and factor analysis model have been used. Citizenship questionnaire and statistical sample number of 380 cases were identified. The validity of the tool was confirmed by the teachers of urban planning and design and the reliability of the research was confirmed by the KMO test. Finally, eight factors related to the quality of public spaces and urban landscape have been identified using factor analysis. The results indicate that visual qualities play an undeniable role in promoting pedestrian orientation in public spaces (given that the first factor identified is physical-visual, social, and environmental factors, including aesthetic dimensions). And functionality is: the status of urban furniture, green space and park, the status of specific cultural monuments such as exhibitions, the status of tourism spaces. Using these factors can be considered as a major strategy for creating pedestrian urban spaces.
Extended Abstract:

         Urban public areas (street, sidewalk, square, park, etc.) are the most important part of cities and urban environments. In such areas, most contact, communication and interaction occur between humans. These spaces encompass all parts of the urban context that people have physical and visual access to. The literature on urban development has focused on the relationship between human-built environments and citizens' traffic behavior, But considering the dimensions of the urban landscape and answering the question of whether the urban landscape (and its elements and factors can influence the quantity and quality of the urban landscape) has not received much attention; Therefore, the answer to this question has been the focus of this study. Ramian city with a population of 86210 is located in the south of Golestan province. The city has two subdivisions (Central and Fndarsk), four cities (Ramyan - Deland - Khan Bain and Upper Tatars) and four districts (Miran Castle, Deland, North Fndersk and South Fndersk).The area of the city consists primarily of agricultural lands, then grassland and finally forest. The average city height is 291 meters and the average rainfall is about 700 mm per year. The city of Ramian (case study) The center of the city of Ramian has a population of 13,000 and an area of 5 square kilometers.The city's natural welfare and natural-climate capabilities have led to a population growth rate of 1.6 percent over the last two censuses (Iran Statistics Center Web site, 2016).A survey of demographic trends for small towns (including the city of Ramian) shows that although such cities comprise the majority of the country's cities, they do not account for a significant proportion of the urban population. The situation can be explained by the phenomenon of migration (village-town and small town-metropolis).The root cause of the migration of environmental hazards (drought, floods, earthquakes), the elimination of biological-biological needs, access to livelihoods and facilities, along with the acquisition of new jobs and higher incomes, the elimination of poverty and unemployment economically and economically Socio-cultural needs such as education, raising the level of culture, and a desire to live in specific areas are the most important motivations for migration; So part of the needs that lead to migration to metropolises (congestion, pollution and social problems, etc.),It comes from cultural-social needs. Research suggests that promoting physical and urban qualities (as part of socio-cultural needs) can be a factor in promoting urban quality, Increasing physical and visual attractiveness and its direct and indirect effects are of great importance in terms of population sustainability in small towns in the country and can increase population survival and attract rural immigrants to these cities, ultimately The preservation of the productive foundations of the country has resulted in the prosperity of the regional economy.
 

      The descriptive-analytical method and the factor analysis model are used. Citizenship questionnaire was used to collect data and 380 statistical samples were identified. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by the teachers of urban planning and design and the reliability of the research was confirmed by the KMO test. Finally, eight factors related to the quality of public spaces and urban landscape have been identified using factor analysis.
 

      After performing various stages of the factor analysis process, eight factors should be identified in terms of grooves. In fact, the more components that are present in the primitive factors, the more important and influential the end result is.
In order to name the extracted factors, the extracted components and characteristics must be specified. Earlier factors are more important in this process. The eight extracted factors are presented and presented in the following table and are proportional to the number of duplicate indices named for the selected factors. In the following, in order to identify the dimensions related to the dimensions and factors related to pedestrian (also related to landscape and street qualities) using the results of factor analysis test is presented and presented. In fact, identified factors can lead to improved overall street quality.
 

      The evaluation showed that 8 key factors play a key role in the creation of public spaces (in Ramyan Street Imam Street). The most important identified factor is named as physical, social and environmental factor. The interpretation of this factor indicates that the improvement and improvement of the quality and quantity of pedestrian traffic depends on the improvement of visual-physical quality (aesthetic and functional status such as urban furniture, status of specific cultural monuments such as exhibitions, status of tourism spaces) and socio-biological Is the environment (park and green space suitable for all age groups and ... and spaces and furniture at certain intervals for people to rest), so the research hypothesis is based on the relationship between urban landscape quality and pedestrian quality. Confirmed. Other identified factors that are significant but less important than the primary factor are identified and ranked as follows: Factor 2: Security, Traffic and Environment, Factor 3: Environmental, Factor 4: Socio-cultural and Security, Fifth Factor: Visual-Physical, Fifth Factor: Public Safety and Traffic Safety, Fifth Factor: Traffic and Access, and finally Factor eight: Socio-Cultural and Leisure.

prevention of having disorders, the aim of present study was to develope an electronic device for screening mental health in high school students. The sample included 1346 high school teachers and students in Alborz, Kermanshah, Eastern Azerbaijan, Sistan & Baluchestan, Fars, and KhorasanRazavi Provinces. The teacher form consisted of 103 items. Items analysis based on 8 criteria showed that all the items except two of them were qualified. Principal component analysis using Varimax rotation showed that the most proper structure is 4-factor structure. But, according to confirmatory factor analysis, 8- Factor model was considered as the final model. Internal consistency of the device was sufficiently good, with coefficients ranging between 0.83 and 0.95. Correlation coefficients between items and subscales varied between 0.49 and 0.87 and correlation coefficients among factors ranged between 0.41 and 0.89. In general, psychometric properties of the Electronic Students Psychological Health Problem Scale (Teacher Form) indicated that it was suitable for screening and research.

 One of the hallmarks of a desirable higher education system is to meet students' needs and expectations. Studying as the most important part of the educational system provides valuable information for planners to improve the quality of educational services in higher education. The aim of this study was to determine the gap between the reality and expectations of educational and research services of educational students of public universities in Tehran. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is a descriptive-survey.

 The statistical population of all Masters and Ph.D. students of public universities in Tehran was Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran University, Tarbiat Modares University, Allameh Tabatabaie University, Alzahra University, Shahid Rajaee University and Kharazmi University in academic year 96-97. According to the latest statistics from the country's survey organization, 597 people were identified. The sample size of 204 people was determined based on the Cochran formula, which was selected based on the relative stratified sampling method from each university. The data were collected using a questionnaire based on the SERVQUAL model of education and research services, which measured five physical dimensions, reliability, accountability, assurance and empathy, and then the gap between the existing and the desired status was studied. The validity of the Educational Services Quality Questionnaire (reality and expectations) and Research Service Quality Questionnaire (reality and expectations) were confirmed by experts and informants of the field. The Cronbach's alphas of the questionnaires are 0.96, 0.95, 0.96 and 0.96, respectively. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS (21).

  The results of the research showed that there is a significant gap in all five dimensions of educational and research services quality. Empathy dimension (1.28) showed the highest mean of gaps in the quality of educational services and the physical dimension (-0.61). The highest mean gap was in the dimensions of the quality of research services related to the physical dimension (372.1) 1) and the lowest average reliability gap (1.206). Results showed significant differences between the realities and expectations in all aspects of the quality of educational and research services. Therefore, considering the importance of students as the main focus of universities, as well as the impact of the quality of educational and research services on them, the need to improve the quality of educational and research services of state universities in Tehran is significantly felt. Therefore, considering the importance of students as the main focus of universities and the impact of the quality of educational and research services on them, there is a great need to improve the quality of educational and research services of public universities in Tehran. According to the research findings, it is suggested that the empathy dimension of educational service quality and physical dimension of research service quality should be prioritized by university managers for planning and targeting. Managers should look at indices and sub-components of these two dimensions; moreover, develop and meet the needs of students. University administrators are encouraged to consider the results of the quality assessment of educational and research services as one of their annual planning documents and indices; Moreover, to improve the quality of the annual services, the survey should be carried out constantly.

Adolescents are at risk for behavioral and emotional problems. Most of the disorders that firstly are diagnosed in adulthood have roots in late adolescence. The aim of the current study was to develop a preliminary version of Mental Health Problems Scale- Teacher Report for Iranian in late adolescent age (15-18 years). For this purpose, 207 teachers from Fars, Sistan and Baloghestan, Kermanshah, Khorasan razavi, East Azarbaijan, and Alborz Provinces were selected by convenience sampling method and asked him to complete the Mental Health Problem Scale and Achenbach’s Behavior Problems Scale- Teacher Report Form. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed that the 7-component model has the best fit with the theoretical framework of the study. Also, correlation coefficients of the subscales of mental health problem scale and the subscales of the Achenbach Scale indicated the appropriate criterion validity of this instrument. Generally, the findings indicate that the Adolescents Mental Health Problem Scale- Teacher Report has the psychometric adequacy to screen the behavioral problems of students in late adolescent age (second high school)

This study aimed to design an anger management package for high school students and to assess its effectiveness on their depression, anxiety, and stress.

The study was a single group quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design. A total of 39 students aged between 14 and 15 (M = 14.33 and SD = 0.48) were chosen using convenient sampling from Tehran City’s private schools and took part in 5 sessions based on cognitive-behavioral therapy. Multidimensional School Anger Inventory (MSAI, Smith, Furlong, Bates, and Laughlin, 1998) and Depression, Anxiety & Stress Scale (DASS, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) were answered by the participants before and after the intervention.

The results of repeated measures illustrated that anger management training improved destructive expressions and anger experience; however, positive coping did not change significantly. In addition, depression, anxiety and stress were also significantly diminished.

 In sum, it can be concluded that the designed anger management package for high school students has positive effects on students’ mental health. Therefore, anger management training for families is recommended.

Due to the great importance of mental health students screening and lack of an appropriate native tool that was prepared based on prevalent psychopathological problems in students, making appropriate tool seems necessary. the aim of the present paper was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of electronic mental health assessment device for high school students-first high school students form and second high school students form. On the other hand, due to the advantages of self-report form in adolescence, such as that adolescents emphasize on self-knowledge, the acceleration in reports and the lack of observation of certain symptoms by teachers and parents, the self-report version was used in this study. The sample includes 1592first high school students and 919 second high school students of high school students of Alborz, Kermanshah, Eastern Azerbaijan, Sistan & Baluchistan, Fars, and Khorasan- Razavi that were selected by random sampling. First high school self-report form and second high school self-report form consists of 144 and 122 items respectively. Exploratory factor analysis for both versions of the scale showed a 6-component structure as the best model fitting to the theoretical basis of the research. Also the internal consistency coefficients of the subscales showed the reliability of the scale. In general, psychometric properties of both two scales indicated that they are suitable for screening and research.

What distinguishes laws based on religion from other laws is their adaptation to the comprehensive program that religion has provided for human well-being. In other words, the laws issued by the wise lawgiver are only for paving the way for human perfection. The Islamic Penal Code while focusing on deterrence and applying punishment is not excluded from this rule. Hence, if the Islamic penal code go beyond the principles, goals, and conditions considered by the lawgiver for those purposes, then this aim not only will not be realized but even the possibility of the opposite result will not be ruled out. In the present study, the factors to be considered when issuing a sentence are examined and analyzed. Obviously applying these factors can make the sentence mitigated or aggravated. Factors that mitigate punishment can be divided into two types: personal and typical. Personal factors include repentance, confession, and even physical conditions. Bad economic conditions and constraint are among the most important typical factors. The above mentioned division can also be applied to aggravation of punishment. Disbelief and the state of being married are considered as personal factors, and commission of the crime at certain times and places, as well as in war situations, are considered as instances of typical aggravating factors. Applying these factors will enable the legislator to achieve goals such as deterrence, refinement, and discipline for offenders, and provide ideal conditions for persons and society to achieve beatitude. For this reason, the present study in order to recognize these elements based on valid jurisprudential sources and using a descriptive-analytical method  attempts to count the above mentioned elements and introduce and describe them after separation.

In this paper, Dervin’s sense-making methodology as one of the well-known theories in communication science is introduced and its implications for humanities research process is discussed. Sensemaking is the process of constructing mental framework out of encountered situations in such a way that guides behaviors and makes them meaningful. Despite the diversity of theoretical domains, existing sensemaking models consider sensemaking an essential component of human actions, especially in expertise-oriented fields. Dervin’s sense-making methodology is one of the two frontiers in this area. This metatheory includes a set of philosophical assumptions about human nature and the essence of human communication, and it presents a methodology based on those assumptions. Sense-making methodology has a critical approach to conventional research methods in human sciences and strives for maintaining advantages of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies by focusing on the complexity of human communication; nevertheless, it takes steps toward establishing communication axioms, which result in a very flexible methodology that could be utilized in a variety of human sciences. In the current paper, Dervin’s sense-making methodology is elaborated both in metatheoretical and methodological levels; then, some of the studies employing this methodology are mentioned. Finally, its epistemological approach to humanities studies is discussed.

To the importance of screening students’ mental health and lack of a customized tool based on prevalent psychopathological problems in students, the present study aims to develop and examine the psychometric properties of electronic mental health assessment device for high school students-parent form and teacher form. The study sample included 1697 teachers and 1186 parents of high school students of Alborz, Kermanshah, Eastern Azerbaijan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Fars, and Khorasan Razavi. Parent form and teacher form consisted of 118 and 133 items, respectively. Items analysis based on 8 criteria showed that all items of teacher form and parent form had proper qualification. Explanatory factor analysis showed that the most proper structure for teacher form and parent form are 6-factor structure and 5-factor structure, respectively. Internal consistency was sufficiently good and alpha coefficients were ranged between 0.77 and 0.97 for teacher form and between 0.85 and 0.92 for parent form. In general, psychometric properties of both scales indicate their suitability for screening and research.

working memory is the comprehensive cognitive system that embedded attentional and memorical mechanisms and therefore can be used in systematic research of cognitive problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of working memory capacity and executive functions (shifting, inhibition and updating) for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. We selected 164 student (90 male and 74 female) from university of Tehran with random sampling method and they completed Maudsley Obsessional – Compulsive Inventory (Hodgson & Rachman, 1977), the Digit Backward Span Task (workingmemory capacity), Forward Span task (Short Term Memory), Stroop (inhibition, Spreen & Strauss, 1998), Set- Switching Task (shifting, Rogers & Monsell, 1995) and Keep Track Task (updating, Martinez, et al., 2011). Data analyzing used regression showed working memory and executive function totally predict considerable amount (67 percent) of obsessive compulsive predisposition. Therefore it can be concluding, obsessive people have crucial weakness in storage, monitoring and executive cognitive function (in general attention control) and we can use training in these functions as treatment strategies.

In the present study, the possibility of probiotic yoghurt production using Artemisia sieberi hydro- alcoholic extract and also the effects of different concentrations of this medicinal herb on the survival of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis, in probiotic yoghurt were investigated.
In different treatments, the amounts of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 gr/lit of Artemisia sieberi extract together with conventional yoghurt starter, Bif. lactis and lact. acidophilus were added to 1 liter of boiled milk. The samples were incubated at 37˚centigrade, and then, the acidity and pH changes every two hours during the incubation period were examined up to approximately 80˚ of the survival of probiotic bacteria was tested during the storage of the samples in the refrigerator. On the tenth day, after yoghurt production, all the samples were examined for sensory evaluation using a panel test and the obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (V:19).
There was no significant difference in the acidity and pH changes during the production process of probiotic yoghurt in different treatments. The probiotic yoghurt containing 0.4 gr/lit of Artemisia hydro-alcoholic extract had the best quality in terms of organoleptic properties and shelf life of the product. During 21 days storage in the refrigerator none of the treatments showed the number of probiotic bacteria less than 106 bacteria in gram.
It was found that appropriate concentrations of Artemisia sieberi extract can be used for the production of probiotic yoghurt, as a new functional food containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifodobacterium lactis.

This study compared emotion regulation in children with learning disorders and normal in ages 9 to 11. The design of this study was descriptive-post facto one. The sample consists of 30 children with learning disorders and 30 normal children which were selected in available from Tehran city. The two instruments, Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were performed. ERQ was filled out by children. ERC was filled out by their parents. Data analysis showed that comparing normal children and LD children showed higher liability/negativity and lower score in using of emotion regulation of reappraisal. The findings of main and interaction effects of demographics were also examined in detail at the following article. Accordingly, we suggest that emotional problems in this group should be more considered by professionals and teachers, and related programs should be designed in order to improvement of the problems of these children.

The objective of this study was to prepare religiosity scale based on commonalities of Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) in order to provide a instrument for intercultural studies. Six studies were conducted: 1) extraction of 47 commonalities of the religions; 2) prepration of an item pool with 225 items according to Khodayari et al.'s (2009) three-dimensional conceptual modeling; 3) preliminary empirical study among Muslim students in university of Tehran and developing a 60 item scale; 4) Frist empirical study among Jewish, Christian, and Muslim students, conducting item analysis and formulation of the second preliminary version of the religiosity scale with 88 items; 5) Second preliminary empirical study and extraction of exploratory factor analysis with 57 items, in a population consisted of Muslims, Jews, and Christians students in Iran; 6) Final study in Iran and 11 other countries from Asia, European, African and American continents and extracting exploratory and confirmatory factors with 30 items. Studying reliability indexes of items, subscales, and the overall three-dimensional scale showed that all subscales had acceptable alpha coef 1395 ficients ranging from 0.81 (religious emotions), 0.82 (religious behaviors) to (religious belief) 0.77. Investigation of correlation coefficients of the item scores with total score of the related subscales showed that these indexes varied between 0.29 and 0.70. Therefore, it could be concluded that the final 30-item scale had a similar factor structure and psychometric properties in both the Iranian and international samples. In order to create the final version, we added 5 items designed to tap socially-desirable responding. The aim of adding these items is for identifying social desirability biase. In this subscale the total number greater than 13 shows the responses are unreliable. Thus, it can be used as a measure in studies on crosscultural differences in religiosity and additional validation can be verified.

Due to its high concentration on the surface and its pathogenic function, fluoride is noticeable. Fluoride at high concentrations can be dangerous. The World Health Organization's allowable concentration is 1.5milligrams per liter. The aim of this study was to take chitosan from shrimp shells and evaluate its performance in the removal of fluoride in aqueous solutions. The purpose of this study was to isolate chitosan from shrimp shells native Persian Gulf and evaluate its performance in the removal of fluoride in aqueous solutions.
Chitosan from shells native Persian Gulf shrimps in three stages, protein , minerals and de-acetylation separation. The isotherms and adsorption kinetics were evaluated in optimal conditions.
The results showed with 100 ml of 4 milligrams per liter of fluoride, the fluoride removal at pH = 7, 60 minutes contact time and adsorbent concentration of 2 grams per liter respectively. The result of the absorption curve obeys a second-order. Freundlich adsorption isotherm data were more consistent. Maximum capacities of 0.157 milligrams per gram was with the removal of fluoride with chitosan.
The extracted chitosan can be an effective adsorbent for the removal of fluoride from contaminated water so that the amount of fluoride in drinking water is reduced to below the allowable level of fluoride.

2¡4 dichlorophenol (DCP), one of the most chlorophenol compounds family with highly toxic effect, exists in agricultural areas, chlorinated waters, discharging wastewater of pulp industries and paper factories. Chlorophenols can cause damages to the kidneys, liver, pancreas and weaken the central nervous system (CNS). In the current study we would evaluate the adsorption of DCP by chitosan in aqueous environments.
In this study we evaluated the effect of operational parameters such as time (15-90min), pH values (3-9), initial concentration of DCP(15-100mg/l)and the dose of chitosan (0.1-0.9g) in a batch reactor. A spectrophotometer at wavelength of 280nm was used to measure the concentration of DCP. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models and Pseudo-first order kinetic models and Pseudo-second-order kinetic was drawn by using of the results obtained in the absorption process.
Equilibrium time in the adsorbtion process was estimated to be 75 minutes (DCP Concentration- 15mg/l, Chitosan Concentration – 0.5g and pH- 6.5) with 76% removal efficiency. PH=3 was calculated as the optimal PH in absorption process (DCP Concentration- 15mg/l, Chitosan Concentration- 0.5g and Time Equilibrium-75 min) with efficiency 79% and the value of efficiency decreased by increasing PH. In 15 mg/l concentration of DCP maximum adsorption with an efficiency of 79% was observed. (Chitosan Concentration – 0.5g, Time Equilibrium -75 min and pH-3) and the maximum 87% adsorption efficiency of DCP was observed at the 0.08mg/l absorbent dose of chitosan. (DCP Concentration - 15mg/l, time equilibrium-75 min and pH=3). Adsorption process follows of Freundlich isotherm with correlation coefficient of 0.9599 and the pseudo second order kinetic model with correlation coefficient of 0.9649.
According to results of the study, chitosan can be used to remove of DCP from industrial wastewater due to of its perfect characteristics such as biodegradability, resurgent ability, low cost and adsorption acceptable efficiency.

This double‑blinded, randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) change in cataract surgery using the combination of propofol and remifentanil or the combination of isoflurane and remifentanil.

One hundred sixty patients were randomly allocated to a maintenance anesthetic consisting of remifentanil + isoflurane (group I), normal saline + isoflurane (group II), propofol + remifentanil (group III) or normal saline + propofol (group IV). IOP was measured at seven predefined time points, baseline (T0), 3 min after the start of continuous remifentanil infusion (T2), after induction of anesthesia (T3), immediately after laryngoscopy and intubation (T4), 5 min after laryngoscopy (T5), immediately after the block of continuous remifentanil infusion (T6) and 3 min after T6 (T7). Outcomes included IOP, systole blood pressure (SBP) and diastole blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR).

The mean of IOP in Group III was lower than other groups and in group IV was higher than other groups. At time point T4 and T5 differences in the mean of IOP between groups III and IV was significantly different (P > 0.05). The trend in changes in the mean of IOP was statistically significant among groups (P value = 0.01). The trends in changes in the mean of SBP, DBP and MAP were not significantly different among groups (P value = 0.41). HR in group III was significantly lower than other groups. The trend in changes in the mean of HR was significantly different among groups (P value = 0.002).

Propofol with remifentanil was more effective than placebo or adding remifentanil to isoflurane in management of IOP in cataract surgery