saeed sadeghian
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Introduction
Statins are one of the approved drugs used in the clinic, which are prescribed to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood of patients. However, the effects of the drug in reducing the amount of fat and the occurrence of side effects are not the same in the patients. Considering the role of LncRNAs in regulating gene expression, the possible role of HOTAIR LncRNA and atorvastatin treatment in regulating HMGCR gene expression as the main regulating gene in cholesterol synthesis has been investigated.
MethodsBioinformatics analyses were used to find common regulatory factors between the HMGCR gene and candidate LncRNAs. MTT assay was used to determine the optimal dose of atorvastatin treatment on the HepG2 cell line. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative analysis of gene expression were performed by qPCR. Finally, HMGCR protein expression was evaluated via the Western blot technique.
ResultsBioinformatic analyses showed that there is a relationship between HMGCR expression and some LncRNAs (HOTAIR, TUG1, MALAT1, GAS5, JPX, DLX6AS). In the cell culture, atorvastatin treatment increased the expression of HMGCR at mRNA and protein levels in the HepG2 cell line. Among the candidate lncRNAs, HOTAIR LncRNA expression decreased by 80% under atorvastatin treatment. Downregulating of the HOTAIR gene led to increased HMGCR gene expression at the RNA and protein levels.
ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that, aside from blocking the HMGCR enzyme binding site, atorvastatin can regulate the expression of HMGCR mRNA and protein by changing the HOTAIR expression.
Keywords: Cholesterol, Atorvastatin, HMGCR, Lncrna HOTAIR, Gene Expression -
Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health concern, the leading cause of death and disability. Thus, preventive interventions targeting modifiable risk factors are essential. Mobile-health technologies have emerged as promising tools for improving prevention by modifying risk factors. We created the “Green Heart” mobile app to help coronary artery disease (CAD) patients control their risk factors. The app has three modules: smoking cessation, dyslipidemia (DLP) control, and blood pressure (BP) management. This study evaluated the app’s performance in monitoring hypertension (HTN) and DLP among known CAD cases.
MethodsA randomized controlled trial enrolled 1590 CAD subjects, including 1114 hypertensive patients and 1488 subjects with DLP, and assigned them randomly to paper-based education or application-based groups.
ResultsRegarding HTN, after 6 months, we finally analyzed 545 and 546 hypertensive patients, assigned to the conventional and app groups, respectively. Patients in the app group were more likely to have their BP managed successfully (88.6% vs. 78.5%; P<0.001). The app group showed higher odds of successful BP management (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.51 - 3.03). Regarding DLP, we analyzed 728 patients in the conventional and 714 patients in the app group. A higher percentage of patients in the app group (24.8%) had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels less than 70 mg/dL (16.1%; P<0.001). The app group showed higher odds of reducing LDL-C (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.32–2.26).
ConclusionWe found that using the Green Heart app in the self-monitoring setting significantly improved BP and DLP management across the study population.
Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Mobile-Health, Secondary Prevention, Smartphone, Technological Interventions -
Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health concern and are the most common cause of death and disability, necessitating preventive interventions targeting modifiable risk factors. Recently, mobile-health technology has been developed to improve the delivery of cardiovascular prevention by risk factor modification. The “Green Heart” mobile application (app) was designed to aid in risk factor control among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.
MethodsThis parallel-group, single-blinded randomized controlled trial enrolled 1590 CAD patients, including 668 current smokers, randomly assigned to control (paper-based education) and intervention (application-based) groups. The app encompassed three modules targeting smoking cessation, dyslipidemia control, and blood pressure management. This study evaluated the impact of the smoking cessation module on behavioral change among current smokers. Green Heart assesses nicotine dependence, offering personalized quit plans, educational content, motivational messages, and automated progress tracking. The odds of smoking behavior changes during the 24-week follow-up underwent assessment.
ResultsThe intention-to-treat analysis highlighted significantly elevated rates of smoking cessation and reductions in the intervention group versus the control group. Adherence to the app (per-treatment analysis) also demonstrated significantly more favorable smoking behavior changes among the application users. Logistic regression emphasized higher odds of quitting and reduction in smoking in the application group, showing an odds ratio of 2.14 (95% CI: 1.16–3.97) compared to those not using the app (P=0.015).
ConclusionOur results confirmed that complete adherence to the app for at least 24 weeks was linked to alterations in cigarette smoking behavior among CAD patients.
Trial Registration Number: IRCT20221016056204N1Keywords: Mobile-Health, Prevention, Smartphone, Smoking Cessation, Technological Interventions -
Background
Dyslipidemia is among the leading risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with an increasing global burden, especially in developing countries. We investigated the prevalence of dyslipidemia and abnormal lipid profiles in Tehran.
MethodsWe used data from 8072 individuals aged≥35 from the Tehran Cohort Study (TeCS) recruitment phase. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride were measured. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and high LDL/HDL was defined as a ratio>2.5. The age-sex standardized prevalence rates were calculated based on the 2016 national census. Furthermore, the geographical distribution of dyslipidemia and lipid abnormalities was investigated across Tehran’s zip code districts.
ResultsThe age-sex standardized prevalence was 82.7% (95% CI: 80.1%, 85.0%) for dyslipidemia, 36.9% (95% CI: 33.8%, 40.1%) for hypertriglyceridemia, 22.5% (95% CI: 19.9%, 25.4%) for hypercholesterolemia, 29.0% (95% CI: 26.1%, 32.1%) for high LDL-C, 55.9% (95% CI: 52.6%, 59.2%) for low HDL-C, and 54.1% (95% CI: 50.9%, 57.3%) for high LDL/HDL ratio in the Tehran adult population. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, low HDL-C, and high LDL/HDL ratio was higher in the northern regions, hypercholesterolemia was higher in the southern half, and high LDL-C was more prevalent in the middle-northern and southern areas of Tehran.
ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, mainly high LDL/HDL in the Tehran adult population. This dyslipidemia profiling provides important information for public health policy to improve preventive interventions and reduce dyslipidemiarelated morbidity and mortality in the future.
Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Epidemiology, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Prevalence -
زمینه و هدف
استفاده از اینترنت علی رغم کاهش هزینه ها و ارتقای کیفیت محصولات و خدمات سازمان ها، موجب بروز دغدغه ای به نام استفاده نابجای کارکنان از اینترنت در جهت اهداف شخصی (سایبرلوفینگ) گردیده است؛ بنابراین تحقیق حاضر باهدف بررسی تاثیر سایبرلوفینگ بر ترک خدمت مجازی کارکنان با میانجی گری انسداد سازمانی انجام شده است.
روش شناسی:
این تحقیق بر مبنای هدف از نوع کاربردی و ازنظر روش از نوع توصیفی-پیمایشی بوده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش 300 نفر از کارکنان شهرداری های استان مازندران تشکیل شده که با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان 169 نفر نمونه از طریق نمونه گیری تصادفی انتخاب گردیده اند. داده های تحقیق به وسیله پرسشنامه های سایبرلوفینگ آگرین و همکاران (2018)، ترک خدمت مجازی کارکنان ریلوویک (برای 2005) و انسداد سازمانی گیبنی و همکاران (2009) جمع آوری گردید و پایایی آنان با محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ به ترتیب 76/0، 78/0 و 84/0 تایید شد.
یافته هاتحلیل داده های آماری حاکی از آن است که میزان تاثیر سایبرلوفینگ بر ترک خدمت مجازی کارکنان 76/0، سایبرلوفینگ بر انسداد سازمانی 48/0 و انسداد سازمانی بر ترک خدمت مجازی کارکنان 59/0 می باشد. همچنین میزان تاثیر سایبرلوفینگ از مسیر انسداد سازمانی بر ترک خدمت مجازی کارکنان 29/0 می باشد.
نتایجمتغیر سایبرلوفینگ به طور مستقیم و غیرمستقیم و انسداد سازمانی نیز به طور مستقیم بر ترک خدمت مجازی کارکنان تاثیرگذار می باشد و موجبات تشدید این متغیر را فراهم می نمایند. درنتیجه می توان گفت سایبرلوفینگ زمینه ساز اصلی ترک خدمت مجازی کارکنان و تشدید این سوء رفتار می گردد.
کلید واژگان: سایبرلوفینگ, انسداد سازمانی, ترک خدمت مجازی, منابع انسانیBackground and AimThe use of the Internet, despite reducing costs and improving the quality of products and services of organizations, has caused a concern called improper use of the Internet by employees for personal purposes (cyberloafing); Therefore, The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cyberloafing on the virtual resignation of employees Regarding the mediating role of organizational obstruction.
MethodologyThis research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey method. The statistical population of the research consists of 300 employees of the municipalities of Mazandaran province, and 169 people were selected through random sampling using the Karjesi and Morgan table. The research data were collected through the cyberloafing questionnaires of Agrin et al. (2018), the virtual resignation of Relovik employees (2005) and the organizational obstruction of Gibney et al (2009) and Their reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha 0.76, 0.78 and 0.84 respectively.
ResultsThe analysis of statistical data indicates that the impact of cyberloafing on the virtual resignation of employees is 0.76, cyberloafing on organizational obstruction is 0.48, and organizational obstruction on the virtual resignation of employees is 0.59. Also, the impact of cyberloafing through organizational obstruction on the virtual resignation of employees is 0.29.
ConclusionThe variable of cyberloafing directly and indirectly and organizational obstruction directly affect the virtual resignation of employees and provide the causes for the strengthening of this variable. As a result, it can be said that cyberloafing is the main cause of employees resigning from virtual service and strengthening this misbehaviour.
Keywords: cyberloafing, organizational obstruction, virtual resignation, Human Resources -
Background
Octogenarians (age≥80 years) with coronary artery disease constitute a high-risk group and the elderly undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at higher risk of adverse outcomes compared to young patients. In this study, we aimed to describe the outcomes of the elderly with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent PCI and also to identify the predictors of short-term major adverse cerebrocardiovascular events (MACCE) in octogenarians.
MethodsIn this registry-based cohort study, we reviewed the data of patients (aged≥65 years) who underwent PCI. Univariate Cox-regression model was used to assess the univariate effects of covariates on mortality and MACCE and multivariate Cox-regression analysis were used to discover MACCE predictors.
ResultsWe reviewed the data of 3332 patients (2722 elderly [65 to 79 years], and 610 octogenarians [≥80 years]). The cumulative hazard of MACCE was significantly higher in the octogenarian group compared with the younger group (P<0.001). MACCE in octogenarians presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was significantly higher than those with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction/Unstable angina (NSTEMI/UA) (P<0.001); however, the cumulative hazard of mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.270). Successful PCI, left main stenosis and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were independent predictors of MACCE in octogenarians with ACS.
ConclusionOctogenarians undergoing PCI had a higher rate of MACCE and mortality compared with a younger population. In octogenarians, MACCE in those with STEMI was significantly higher than those with NSTEMI/UA and the mortality trend was similar; however, the 1-year trend was in favor of the STEMI subgroup.
Keywords: Elderly, Major adverse cardiac events, Octogenarian, Percutaneous coronary intervention -
مطالعات نشان می دهد بهره مندی از مساحت سطح زیرکشت و منحنی رشد محصولات برای کشورها حدود چند میلیون شغل جدید و میلیاردها دلار درامد ناخالص نصیب این کشورها کرده است که بیش از 50 درصد آن سهم کشاورزان بوده است. با توجه به منحنی رشد محصولات در 8 قطعه زمین که بر روی تصاویر لندست 8 اعمال شده است، محصول یونجه (105) دارای بهترین، شاداب ترین و کم استرس ترین پوشش گیاهی در بین محصولات بوده است و محصول یونجه (303) دارای کمترین سبزینگی در زمان اوج رشد پوشش گیاهی و همچنین دارای بیشترین ضریب تغییرات در منحنی رشد خود بوده است. برطبق نتایج به دست آمده از مساحت سطح زیرکشت محصولات از تصویر NDVI، دریافتیم که محصول گندم (304) دارای بیشترین اختلاف و محصول گندم (108) دارای کمترین اختلاف می باشد. کل مساحت این 8 قطعه زمین کشاورزی درسال 98 برابر با 775/82 هکتار است و با توجه به نتایج شرکت کشت و صنعت برابر با 89 هکتار بوده است به عبارتی مساحت محاسبه شده از تصویر NDVI اردیبهشت ماه سال 98 تنها حدود 7 درصد کمتر بدست آمده است.
کلید واژگان: سنجش از دور, شاخص پوشش گیاهی, برآورد سطح زیر کشت, پایش, منحنی رشد محصولاتStudies show that landing area crops and crop growth curves for countries have provided them with several million new jobs and billions of dollars in gross income, with more than 50% of them being farmers. Due to the growth curve of crops in 8 plots of land applied to Landsat 8 images, alfalfa (105) had the best, most lively and least stressful vegetation, and alfalfa (303) had the least vegetation at peak vegetation growth and also The highest coefficient of variation was in its growth curve. According to the results obtained from the crop area of NDVI image, we found that wheat (304) had the highest difference and wheat (108) had the least difference. In the year 98, the total area of these 8 plots is 82.775 hectares and according to the results of the company was 89 hectares. In other words, the area calculated from the NDVI image in 1398 was only about 7% lower.
Keywords: Remote Sensing, Vegetation index, Estimated area under cultivation, Monitor, Product growth curve -
In 1994, the mandatory iodized salt consumption became a law in Iran, and since then, almost all people have routinely and effectively received iodine. This study aimed to compare the iodine sufficiency among Iranian students in 1996 and 2017. We used Iran’s health ministry national data on urinary iodine among 8- to 10-year-old students. A total 13,389 and 2,917 urine samples were examined for monitoring in 2017 and 1996, respectively. The median urinary iodine (MUI) excretion of samples was 18.26 µg/dL in 2017 and 20.5 µg/dL in 1996. Based on the urinary iodine index (< 10 μg/dL), 14.53% and 19.61% of students had iodine deficiency (ID) in 1996 and 2017, respectively, which mild, moderate, and severe insufficiency was 8.83%, 2.3%, and 3.43% in 1996 and 14.86%, 3.72% and 1.01% in 2017. So, the main achievement of this national program was the reduction in severe ID rate during these years (3.43% vs. 1.01%).
Keywords: Students, Iran, Iodine -
فصلنامه فضای جغرافیایی، پیاپی 74 (تابستان 1400)، صص 131 -154
بررسی الگوی مکانی جزایر حرارتی با تصاویر ماهواره ایی ،یکی از چالش های اساسی در فرآیند توسعه شهری کشورهای در حال توسعه میباشد که اگر این رشد حالت پراکنده و بدون برنامه ریزی به خود بگیرد مشکلات و مسایل متعددی را گریبانگیر فرایند مدیریتی و برنامه ریزی شهری خواهد نمود. هدف پژوهش شناسایی نحوه توزیع و اختلاف دمایی مناطق مختلف شهر قم نسبت به حومه آن به منظور کشف جزایر حرارتی و تهیه نقشه دمایی آن می باشد. در این تحقیق با بهره گیری از سنجش از دور و تصاویر ماهواره لندست و سنجنده OLI و TIRS در طول شش ماه متوالی از ماه دی 1397 تا خرداد 1398 ماه های سرد تا ماه های گرم، به بررسی وضعیت توزیع حرارت سطح زمین LST در شهر قم و اراضی حاشیه آن در ارتباط با کاربری و فاکتور شاخص پوشش گیاهی NDVI، پراخته شد. در طی تحقیقات به عمل آمده پیشنهاد می گردد با جلوگیری ار تخریب مزارع کشاورزی و احداث پارک های شهری در مناطق بایر و باز شهری از تشدید جزایر حرارتی در شهر قم جلوگیری کرد.
کلید واژگان: سنجش از دور, جزیره حرارتی, شهرقم, شاخص پوشش گیاهی, سنجندهOLI, TRIS, دماGeographic Space, Volume:21 Issue: 74, 2021, PP 131 -154Studying the spatial pattern of thermal islands with satellite imagery is one of the major challenges in the urban development process of developing countries. If this growth is dispersed and unplanned, many problems and problems will arise in the management and urban planning process. The purpose of this study is to identify the distribution and temperature difference of different regions of Qom city with respect to its suburbs in order to discover thermal islands and to map its temperature. In this study, using remote sensing and Landslide and OLI and TIRS satellite imagery during six consecutive months from January 1979 to June 1398 cold months to hot months, we investigate the LST surface heat distribution in Qom and its lands. Its margin was scattered in relation to the use and NDVI vegetation index factor. During the research, it is suggested that the thermal islands in Qom be prevented by preventing the destruction of agricultural fields and the construction of urban parks in the desert and open urban areas.
Keywords: Remote Sensing, Thermal Island, Shahram, Vegetation Index, TRIS, OLI Sensor, Temperature -
Background
A bonded fixed retainer is used to stabilize the alignment of the teeth. Different composites have been introduced for this purpose. This study aimed to investigate the wear resistance of flowable nanocomposite in comparison with microhybrid composite in an in vitro situation.
Materials and MethodsIn this in vitro study, 46 disk‑shaped specimens were divided into two groups: Filtek Ultimate flowable composite and Z250 microhybrid composite. The samples were prepared in 8 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness in an aluminum mold and light cured. They were polished with 600 grit sandpaper to achieve a smooth surface. Two‑body wear test was accomplished by the pin‑on‑disk device (under 15 N, 20 rpm for 1 h). Analyzing the weight and thickness of specimens before and after the assay demonstrates the wear resistance. Data were analyzed using the t‑test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
ResultsThe Filtek Ultimate flowable composite shows no significant difference compared to Z250 microhybrid composite in thickness (P = 0.701) and weight (P = 0.939) of specimens.
ConclusionDue to wear resistance of both materials, flowable composite can be recommended as an alternative material for bonded fixed retainers.
Keywords: Composite resins, dental restoration wear, orthodontic retainers -
امر «معاصر» بهعنوان مقولهای زیباشناختی به فعالیتی انتقادی مربوط میشود که ویژگیها و خصوصیات آن را تعریف میکند. بنابراین میتوان چنین پنداشت که تعریف «ادبیات معاصر فرانسه» در وهله نخست ریشه در تلاشهای انتقادیای دارد که از دهه نود میلادی در این کشور آغاز شدهاند. این تعریف اغلب از طریق دستهبندیهای مفهومی صورت میگیرد که از آن جمله میتوان به «داستان زندگینامهای» اشاره کرد: برچسب ژانری که هدف آن تفکیک زندگینامههای معاصر نوشتهشده در قالب داستان، از نمونههای قدیمیتر این ژانر است. در این معنا، واژه مذکور نتیجه یک مفهومسازی انتقادی است که همزمان با آفرینش ادبی صورت میگیرد، فرایندی که هم به سنت ادبی توجه دارد هم به تحولات معاصر. از این روی مشکل بتوان تاثیر بسزای تفکر انتقادیای را نادیده گرفت که فعالیت زندگینامهنویسی را دنبال میکند، به آن مشروعیت میبخشد و در بازار پررونق کتاب به آن معنایی نو میدهد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر نگاهی نو به اهمیت نقد در سرنوشت ژانر زندگینامهنویسی است. نقدی که در اینجا سه نقش به آن نسبت دادهایم: «توصیف»، «جهتدهی»، و «دستهبندی مفهومی».
کلید واژگان: خرد انتقادی, داستان زندگی نامه ای, دسته بندی مفهومی, مفهوم سازی ژانری, نقد زندگی نامه ایRecherches en Langue et Littérature Françaises, Volume:15 Issue: 27, Spring and Summer 2021, PP 135 -149Le ‘contemporain’ comme notion esthétique a partie liée à un travail critique qui se propose d’en définir les particularités et les traits distinctifs. Ainsi, on peut supposer que la définition de la « littérature contemporaine française » remonte avant tout aux efforts critiques qui ont été débuté dans ce contexte depuis les années 1990. Cette définition passe souvent par les classifications conceptuelles dont la « fiction biographique », qui est une étiquette générique destinée à distinguer les écritures biographiques contemporaines en régime romanesque par rapport aux exemples plus classiques du genre. En ce sens, cette notion est le résultat d’une conceptualisation critique parallèle à la création littéraire, qui se veut sensible à la fois à la tradition littéraire et aux évolutions contemporaines. Ainsi, il paraît difficile d’ignorer l’influence prégnante de la pensée critique qui accompagne la pratique biographique, la légitime et y prête un nouveau sens dans un marché du livre de plus en plus foisonnant. La présente étude a pour objectif de projeter une nouvelle lumière sur l’importance du travail critique dans le devenir du genre biographique à travers trois rôles que l’on lui attribue : ‘description’, ‘orientation’ et ‘classification conceptuelle’.
Keywords: classification conceptuelle, conceptualisation générique, critique biographique, fiction biographique, pensée critique -
Background
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. We sought to evaluate the correlation between the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and conventional coronary artery risk factors in a large cohort of patients with ACS.
MethodsThis study included all patients admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of ACS between 2003 and 2017. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) unstable angina and 2) myocardial infarction. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of the risk factors and extension of coronary artery stenosis in patients with ACS according to the Gensini score.
ResultsOf a total 40 319 patients who presented with ACS, 18 862 patients (mean age =60.4±11.14 y, male: 67.2%) underwent conventional coronary angiography and met our criteria to enter the final analysis. The median of the Gensini score was 50 (25–88) in the study population. The multivariable analysis showed that age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history, cigarette smoking, opium consumption, and myocardial infarction increased the risk of positive Gensini scores. All the aforementioned risk factors, except cigarette smoking and opium consumption, increased the severity of stenosis in those with positive Gensini scores. The strongest relationship was seen vis-à-vis myocardial infarction, sex, and diabetes mellitus.
ConclusionOur findings suggest that age, sex, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, family history, and myocardial infarction have significant effects on the severity of CAD. The obesity paradox in relation to CAD should be taken into consideration and needs further investigation in patients with ACS.
Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Coronary artery disease, Myocardial infarction, Risk factors -
نقشه های کاداستر، نقشه هایی هستند که برای تهیه و بهروزرسانی شان باید بانک اطلاعاتی آن ها را تهیه کرده و یا در اختیار داشته باشیم. بانک های اطلاعاتی از یک سو شامل اطلاعات توصیفی و مکانی زمین مرجع بوده و از سوی دیگر شامل تکنیکهای جمع آوری، به هنگام سازی، پردازش و توزیع داده ها می باشند. مزایای استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای، زمان بر بودن و حجم کاری بالای استفاده از تصاویر هوایی در تولید و به روزرسانی نقشه های توپوگرافی و همچنین مسایل مربوط به پرواز بر روی مناطق مرزی کشور، لزوم بررسی و مطالعه بیشتر بر روی تصاویر ماهوارهای را بیش از پیش بر ما روشن می گرداند. در این تحقیق، ابتدا یک بررسی منظم در پتانسیلسنجی تصویر ماهواره ای IKONOS، به منظور استخراج لایه های اطلاعاتی نقشه های کاداستر (بزرگ مقیاس) و سیستم های اطلاعات زمینی بیان گردید. استخراج مرز املاک زراعی بر مبنای عملیات استخراج لبه های تصویر، شناسایی بصری و طبقه بندی تصویر است.در ارزیابی دقت هندسی تصویر IKONOS بصورت تیوری، نتیجه اینگونه بود که دقت هندسی این تصویر مطلوب نقشه های 1:5000 می باشد.بهترین ترکیب بدست آمده در ارزیابی دقت هندسی تصویر IKONOS با استفاده از معادلات چندجملهای دو بعدی درجه3 مربوط به انتخاب 95 نقطه کنترل و 5 نقطه چک با مقدار RMSE=0.56M مطلوب نقشه های 1:2000 بوده وبهترین ترکیب با استفاده از معادلات رشنال با 95 نقطه کنترل و 5 نقطه چک در استفاده از 13 جمله به دقت RMSE=0.4M مطلوب نقشه های 1:1000 و بهترین ترکیب با استفاده از معادلات SPLine با 80 نقطه کنترل و 20 نقطه چک به دقت RMSE=2.6M مطلوب نقشه های 1:5000 میباشد. از نظر محتوایی، تصویر IKONOS در رویت، تشخیص و استخراج لایه اطلاعاتی مرز املاک زراعی موجود در مناطق مختلف تصویر برای تهیه نقشه های بزرگ مقیاس یا کاداستر ملکی زراعی مناسب است.
کلید واژگان: کاداستر ملکی زراعی, تصویر ماهواره ای IKONOS, شناسایی مرز, تصحیح هندسی, طبقه بندیToday, the integration of agricultural lands is one of the most basic measures in the development and progress of the agricultural industry. In order to integrate agricultural lands, we need to implement the agricultural property cadastre plan. The cadastre includes a map and descriptive information of each property. Cadastral maps are maps that we must prepare or have a database to prepare and update. Databases on the one hand contain descriptive and spatial information of the reference land and on the other hand include techniques of collecting, updating, processing and distributing data. To manage databases, you must use a variety of spatial information systems. The cadastre provides a single and correct identity for each piece. Theoretical and practical advances in various technologies such as remote sensing satellite imagery and GIS in data collection management can improve quality, cost, efficiency and effectiveness. An appropriate technology should be selected for mapping and maintaining geometric cadastral information along with strategic goals. Advantages of using satellite images, time consuming and high workload of using aerial images in the production and updating of topographic maps, as well as issues related to flying over the border areas of the country, the need to study and study more on satellite images more than It enlightens us. In this research, first, a regular review of IKONOS satellite image potential measurement was performed in order to extract the information layers of cadastral maps (large-scale) and ground information systems. That is, to what extent does a satellite image have the capacity to extract information layers in terms of geometric and content accuracy? After that, we entered the extraction of agricultural boundaries from the satellite image, which is the most important complication in the agricultural real estate cadastre. Extraction of agricultural border is based on image edge extraction operations, visual identification and image classification. In evaluating the geometric accuracy of IKONOS image in theory, the result was that the geometric accuracy of this image is optimal for 1: 5000 maps. The evaluation of the geometric accuracy of the IKONOS image using Grade 3 two-dimensional polynomial equations is related to the selection of 95 control points and 5 check points with the desired value of RMSE = 0.56M for 1: 2000 maps and the best combination using rational equations with 95 Control point and 5 checkpoints in the use of 13 sentences with RMSE accuracy = 0.4M optimal 1: 1000 maps and the best combination using SPLine equations with 80 control points and 20 checkpoints RMSE accuracy = 2.6M optimal 1 maps : 5000. In terms of content, IKONOS image is suitable for viewing, recognizing and extracting the information layer of the border of agricultural properties in different areas of the image for preparing large-scale maps or agricultural real estate cadastre.
Keywords: Agricultural real estate cadastre, IKONOS satellite image boundary identification, geometric correction, classification -
در نقشه برداری زمینی برای تهیه کاداستر مناطق شهری، با دستگاه گیرنده متحرک، قطعات املاک طبق قانون جامع حد نگار، تعیین مختصات می شود. سپس، نقشه کاداستر تهیه شده و بعد از تثبیت، سند صادر میشود. تهیه این نقشهها به دلیل مشکلاتی مانند اختلاف های ملکی، مسایل قومی و فرهنگی، مناطق صعبالعبور و خطرناک که مراجعه مستقیم به محل ملک وجود ندارد، مشکلات فراوانی دارد. بنابراین، تحقیق حاضر با هدف مقایسه روش فتوگرامتری پهپادی با نقشهبرداری زمینی انجام شد. تصویربرداری توسط پهپاد Phantom4 از بافت مسکونی به مساحت 12 هزار مترمربع با ارتفاع پرواز 80 متر با پوشش طولی و عرضی 80 درصد انجام شد، طراحی و تعیین مختصات نقاط کنترل شامل 12نقطه توسط گیرنده متحرک GNSS/RTK با استفاده از شبکه شمیم صورت گرفت. مثلث بندی و محاسبات فتوگرامتری در محیط نرم افزار Agisoft، عملیات تبدیل و تعیین مختصات گوشهها در Leica و ویرایشهای بعدی در Bentley انجام شد. طولهای املاک به روش فتوگرامتری پهپاد با طولهای سندی استخراج شده از بانک جامع کاداستر با استفاده از آزمون T بررسی و اختلاف معناداری نداشتند. همچنین از نظر دقت، زمان و هزینه با هم مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد روش پهپاد فتوگرامتری با توجه به میزان خطا برای نقاط کنترل (RMSE: X=3.51,Y=4.94, Z=0.60cm) و نقاط چک (RMSE: X=3.87 ,Y=5.75 Z=2.38cm) دقت لازم برای تهیه نقشه 1:500 را دارد. همچنین، هزینه فتوگرامتری پهپاد 25 درصد هزینه برداشت زمینی و زمان صرف شده در فتوگرامتری پهپاد 31 درصد زمان برداشت زمینی بود. براساس نتایج روش فتوگرامتری پهپاد در خصوص هزینه و زمان هم نسبت به روش زمینی به صرفه بود.
کلید واژگان: پهپاد فتوگرامتری, نقشه کاداستر, سامانه شمیمIn organizations like ‘The organization Registration of Documents and Estate’ that users need update and precise Information of varieties of land properties, traditional surveying cannot meet the today’s needs. This research with the aim of assessing and comparing land surveying method by using of UAV photogrammetry has done. For this purpose, imaging by UAV Phantom4 pro V2 from residential context in the height of 80 meter, with the length and width of 80% designed and then coordinates’ determination of land surveying control points including 12 points (6 control points and 6 check points) by the GNSS/RTK rover, which has done with the help of Shamim Network. Triangulation and photogrammetry computation in Agisoft (photoScan) environment and transformation operation and coordinates’ determination of properties vertex (map preparation) is done. Length of the property sides achieved by UAV photogrammetry method along with deeds lengths are extracted from Comprehensive Cadastral Database and compared in terms of precision, time and cost and the results show that the use of UAV photogrammetry method not only has a good precision and low amount of error for control points (RMSE: X=3.51,Y=4.94, Z=0.60cm) and check points (RMSE: X=3.87 ,Y=5.75 Z=2.38cm) but also are suitable for preparation of 1:500 map. Additionally, according to the achieved results the cost of UAV photogrammetry is 25% of land determination coordinates and the time devoted to UAV photogrammetry is 31% of the time of land determination coordinates. Therefore, UAV photogrammetry method in terms of cost and time is also cost effective.
Keywords: UAV photogrammetry, Cadastral Map, Shamim System -
مدل رقومی زمین برای پردازش اطلاعات مکانی یک مولفه اصلی محسوب می شود و در علوم زمین کاربردهای فراوانی دارد. برای تولید مدل رقومی زمین از داده های لایدار بایستی نقاطی که متعلق به عوارض غیرزمینی هستند از مجموعه داده ها حذف شوند و سپس با روشی مناسب اقدام به درون یابی نقاط زمینی شود تا مدل رقومی زمین بصورت یک شبکه رستر با ابعاد مناسب از این نقاط تولید گردد. در تحقیق حاضر برای تولید مدل رقومی زمین از داده های لایدار در بخشی از مناطق جنگلی شهرستان درود، ابتدا فیلتر مورفولوژیک شیب مبنا برای جداسازی نقاط مربوط به پوشش جنگلی (نقاط مربوط به عوارض غیرزمینی) استفاده شد و آستانه شیب مناسب برای فیلتر شیب مبنا تعیین گردید. این فیلتر بر پایه مفاهیم مورفولوژیک ریاضی طراحی شده است. الگوریتم فیلترینگ شیب مبنا دو پارامتر ورودی شعاع همسایگی و آستانه شیب دارد. پس از اجرای الگوریتم شیب مبنا بر ابر نقاط لایدار برای اطمینان از دقت فیلترکردن داده ها، بخشی از ابر نقاط منطقه (5 درصد سطح منطقه) انتخاب و نقاط آن بصورت دستی فیلتر شد. نتایج فیلتر دستی با نتایج فیلترکردن شیب مبنا (با در نظر گرفتن آستانه شیب های مختلف) مقایسه شد. آستانه شیب های پیشنهادی براساس شرایط منطقه انتخاب شدند و در نهایت بهترین آستانه شیب برای فیلترینگ داده ها انتخاب گردید. سپس دو روش عکس فاصله وزنی و کریجینگ برای درون یابی و تولید مدل رقومی زمین بکار گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد شیب 44 درجه بهترین آستانه برای جداسازی نقاط عوارض غیرزمینی از زمینی است و روش عکس فاصله وزنی با توان سوم با ضریب همبستگی 9986/0 و خطای 204/0 متر دقیق ترین روش برای درون یابی و تولید مدل رقومی زمین در منطقه مورد مطالعه است.
کلید واژگان: لایدار, فیلترکردن, شیب مبنا, درون یابی, عکس فاصله وزنیIntroductionLiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) employs pulse models which penetrates vegetation cover easilyand provides the possibility of retrieving data related to Digital Terrain Model (DTM).Pulses sent by the Lidar sensorhitdifferent geographical features on the surfaceground and scatter inall directions. Distance to the object is determined by recording the time between transmitted and backscattered pulses and by using the speed of light to calculate the distance traveled by the small portion of pulses backscattered. Most LiDAR receivers at least record the first and last backscattered pulses. The first backscattered pulses are used to produce Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and the last ones are used to produce DTMs. Despite the fact that these data can provide a valuable source for DTM generation, the volume of vegetation (vegetation density) in forest areas reducesthe accuracyof DTMs. Onthe other hand, ground surveying of forest areas is rather expensive and time consuming, especially in largerforests. Aerial images are also used as a source for DTM generation, but this approach requires a 60–80% overlap between images which along with canopy height reduce the potential of this method for DTM generation. Also, low spatial resolution of satellite images collected from forest areas increases errors in DTM generation to a large degree. The present study investigates the accuracy and precision of DTMsproduced from LiDAR data in a forest area. Furthermore, the effect of different methods of filtering and DTM interpolation was explored. Different methods of DTM generation were also closely analyzed and evaluated.
Materials & MethodsThe case study area is located in Doroodforests, a part of Zagros forests, in the southeastern regions of Lorestan province in Iran (48°51’19’’E to 48°54’31’’E and 33°19’21’’N to 33°21’15’’N). Minimum and maximum altitude above sea level were 1143 and 2413m, respectively. The study area covers 100 hectares of mountains with an average slope of 38%. Approximately 50% of the area is covered by forests in which Brant’s oak (Quercusbrantii Lindley) is the most frequent species. LiDAR data were collected by the National Cartographic Center of Iran (NCC) in 2012 using a Laser scanner system (Litermapper 5600) fixed on an aircraft flying at an average altitude of 1000m. LiDAR data consisted of the first and last returns (backscattered pulses), distance and their intensity value. Collected data had an irregular structure and included an average of more than four points per square meter. A DTM was produced using a two-step filtering. First, a morphological filter removed most of non-ground points, and then a slope-based filter detected remaining points. Inforest areas with rough-surface, DTM was producedthrough processing ofLiDAR data with statistical methods likekriging and inverse distance weighting (IDW). These methods apply third and fourth power to detect and remove non-ground points. To assess the accuracy of DTMs produced by different approached, 5 percent of the LiDAR point cloudswererandomly separated as the test data. Amongst these data sets, 62 points with a suitable dispersion were selected and measured using a GPS-RTK. An error matrix, along with accuracy indices (including correlation and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)) were calculated based on these data.
Results & DiscussionResults indicated that 44-degree slope is the best threshold for isolation of non-ground points and inverse distance weighting (IDW) is the best third power interpolation method with the highest correlation (0.9986) and the lowest RMSE (0.204 meter). Amongst the filtering methods, slope-based filter used for separation of ground and non-ground points had the best performance. Since this filter combines two parameters of slope and radius, it can remove cloud points related to the vegetation cover and results in high efficiency for steep forest areas. Slope-based filter is suitable for processing of near-surface vegetation, whilst statistical filter is well-suited for vegetation cover consisting of tall trees.
ConclusionThe present study proposed and investigated different scenarios for the production offorest areas’ DTM using LiDAR data and two interpolation methods. These algorithms were practicallyassessed using LiDAR data collected from Dorood forest areas. The best scenario was slope-based filter with inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation. Based on accurate assessment, this approach can produce reliable DTM in forest areas.
Keywords: LiDAR, Filtering, Slope Base, Interpolation, inverse distance weighting -
IntroductionThere is a sex discrepancy in cardiovascular physiology. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of female reproductive factors on coronary artery disease (CAD) beyond the known CAD risk factors.MethodsIn a case-control study, women referred to Tehran Heart Center for coronary artery angiography from 2012 to 2014 were enrolled. Of these, 80 premenopausal and 100 postmenopausal females with CAD in angiography were randomly selected as cases and 80 premenopausal and 100 postmenopausal females without CAD in angiography were selected as controls. A questionnaire including reproductive history and known CAD risk factors was filled for every subject. Analysis was performed separately for pre and postmenopausal women and a final adjustment for coronary artery disease risk factors was done.ResultsAmong reproductive factors, oligomenorrhea (OR= 6.72) was a significant risk factor for CAD in premenopausal women and history of oral contraceptive (OCP) use had a protective effect on CAD in pre and postmenopausal woman (OR= 0.24 and 0.20, respectively).ConclusionsSince oligomenorrhea has a strong association with insulin resistance and diabetes, a conventional risk factor of CAD, women with oligomenorrhea should be treated not only for cyclic irregularity but also for prevention of CAD.Keywords:Coronary Artery Disease, Contraceptives, Oral, OligomenorrheaKeywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Contraceptives, Oral Oligomenorrhea
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امروزه به دلیل رشد فزاینده شهرنشینی، بسیاری از شهرهای بزرگ دنیا با موضوع کمبود زمین برای ساخت وساز و همچنین رکود اقتصاد بهره برداری از زمین و املاک مواجه شده اند و مسئولین شهرها برای مقابله با این مشکلات به فکر مدیریت بهینه املاک افتاده اند، بر این اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر تولید مدل سه بعدی کاداستر شهری جهت بهبود وضعیت مدیریت املاک در کلان شهر تهران با رویکردی اجرایی می باشد. در این تحقیق سه دستگاه آپارتمان در محدوده منطقه 5 شهرداری تهران سه فاز تحقیقاتی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته اند. فاز اول، موضوع شناختی تحقیق بر مبنای استاندارد جهانی LADM. فازدوم،ضرورت تحقیق در شهر تهران جهت نیل به سوی توسعه پایدار. فاز سوم، عملیات و نتایج بر اساس نقشه 1:1000 شهر تهران که طی سال های 1389 تا 1393 تولیدشده است،موردارزیابی قرارگرفته است. جهت پیاده سازی این مدل هاازتصاویرهوایی بامقیاس 1:3000 وازنرم افزارهای ArcGIS10وSketchUpجهت تولیدوبصری سازی استفاده گردید،وبه منظورارزیابی دقت هندسی مدل از جذر میانگین مربعات خطا و ضریب همبستگی بهره گرفته شد. نتایج پیاده سازی بر روی مجموع سه دستگاه ساختمان مورد مطالعه نشان داد، که دقت مسطحاتی مولفه Xو Yبه ترتیب با جذر میانگین مربعات خطا 1. 451 مترو 1. 431 متروباضریب همبستگی 93. 7%و 97. 1 % ودقت مولفه ارتفاعی باجذرمیانگین مربعات خطا 2. 605 متروضریب همبستگی 66. 5% دارای تطابق زیادی باداده های مرجع بوده اند. بعلاوه جهت آنالیز روش پیشنهادی تحقیق، مدل تولید شده با روش های آنالیز شی گرا، شبکه عصبی مصنوعی، دیجیتایز دستی و روش خوش برش - صادقیان (2016) ، مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت که نتیجه آن مناسب ارزیابی شد. به نحوی که تنها در یک مورد دقت مسطحاتی و یک مورد دقت ارتفاعی، روش دیجیتایز دستی دارای نتیجه بهتری نسبت به روش پیشنهادی بود.کلید واژگان: کاداستر سه بعدی شهری, استاندارد مدل مدیریت املاک, تصاویر هوایی, مدیریت شهری, کلان شهر تهرانIntroductionOver the past two centuries, in many countries in the world, population density has dramatically grown in urban areas, resulting in cities to witness rising construction of multi-story apartment buildings and utilizing above and below ground spaces. Expansion of tower construction and development of infrastructure networks are among the obvious examples of using above and below ground spaces of cities. Today, in order to manage these complex structures, the urban managers use three-dimensional urban models to plan for the future of the city. The land information is considered as the basis for the development of each country; among other things, cadaster as a parcel-based land information system can accurately determine the status and location of the real estates. Unlike the traditional cadastral system, the 3D cadaster is capable of modeling such features as buildings considering the third dimension i.e. height, thereby establishing the access rights for owners, whether individuals or organizations. Currently, the real estate management model is one of the best and most efficient ones for the implementation of 3D cadaster, which is originally developed based on the unified modeling language (UML). Accordingly, the aim of the present research is to generate a 3D urban cadastral model using the aerial imagery to improve the real estate management in the metropolitan area of Tehran by taking an executive approach.Materials and MethodsThis is an applied research, therefore, in order to ensure that the results are close to the reality and to consider the current conditions of Tehran in terms of the information required, the instructions for the provision of spatial information of the municipality of Tehran are used in the scale of 1:1000 by the photogrammetry method and the coordinated instructions of the national mapping organization are used for the production of a 3D cadastral model. The study was conducted in the northwest of Tehran in zone 5, district 5 of Tehran municipality. Being located in the foothills with the favorable climate, convenient access and distinctive urban fabric has caused the region to have the highest growth in the population and physical body for the last two decades. Besides, the passage of the metro line 2 (the busiest metro line of Tehran) and the line 10 of BRT buses (including long bus lines) in zone 5 in the area of the second square of Sadeghieh and the heavy population density in this region are among the most important criteria for choosing this area for the implementation of research objectives. The data used in this research are divided into two categories: spatial (geometric or situational) and descriptive data. Spatial data include aerial photogrammetric images (image pair) with 1:3000 scale using WILD-17126 cameras with the focal length of 303.40 mm and 0.5m contour interval under the UTM system, WGS84 reference ellipsoid and Ultracam XP digital camera images with the scale of 1:10,000.Results and DiscussionConsidering that the 1:1000 map of Tehran was prepared during 2010-2014 by the municipality of Tehran and used as a detailed map in Tehran city, the planimetric criteria and the matching of descriptive information and the criteria of height accuracy, field activity and production of accurate height data sets are done by land surveying of desired models. In order to evaluate the geometric accuracy of the model, the root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC) were used. The results of the implementation on a total of three studied buildings show that the planimetric accuracy of the X and Y components were 1.451 m and 1.431 m for RMSE and 93.7% and 97.1% for CC, respectively. The accuracy of the height component with 2.605 m for RMSE and 66.5% for CC is consistent with the reference data. In addition, for analyzing the proposed research method, the model was compared with the object-oriented analysis, artificial neural network, manual digitization, and Khoshboresh&Sadeghian (2016) method, which was rated as appropriate, so that in only one case of planimetric accuracy and one case of height accuracy, the manual digitization method has better results than the proposed method.ConclusionHence, it can be concluded that, although a 3D cadastral system has not been widely implemented in any country of the world, however, most countries seek to achieve such system by providing appropriate solutions, because as mentioned above, having such cadastral system, many problems related to land management and related crises can be solved. In this paper, the first prototype of 3D cadastral implementation in zone 5, district 5 of Tehran was analyzed using the large-scale digital aerial images. The results of this modeling show that the generated model matches the accuracy criteriaproperly.Keywords: 3D Urban Cadastre, LADM, Aerial imagery, Uraban management, Tehran metropolis
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BackgroundThere exist gaps in the implementation of guideline-recommended treatments and interventions to manage syncope. The present study aimed to investigate the adherence to the current guideline for the diagnosis and management of syncope patients referred to a tertiary center.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out with the study group consisting of 324 consecutive patients, who were diagnosed with unexplained syncope with one or more attacks and were referred for head-up tilt table test (HUTT) between September 2009 and September 2011 to Tehran Heart Center. All the patients underwent a thorough evaluation, including a careful medical history and physical examination as well as a thorough history of all procedures performed before referral. The data collected was compared between patients with positive and negative HUTT results and also based on the referring physician, in order to assess the deviation from syncope guideline in their management. We compared the selected groups using a chi-square test for categorical variables and student t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables where appropriate.ResultsA total of 324 patients with a Mean (SD) age of 41.04 (17.74) years were enrolled in the study (158 patients, i.e. 48.8%, were male). HUTT was positive in 181 (55.8%) patients. Brain computed tomography scan and coronary angiography were performed more in the initial assessment of the patients with a negative HUTT compared with patients with negative HUTT (P=0.001 and P=0.01, respectively). Significantly higher rates of brain MRI (P=0.01), brain imaging (P=0.03), and electroencephalography (P=0.002) were observed among the neurologists' referrals while echocardiography (P<0.001), exercise tolerance test (P=0.001), electrocardiogram Holter monitoring (P<0.001), and coronary angiography (P=0.02) were significantly more performed in patients referred by a cardiologist.ConclusionWe observed a noticeable deviation from the current guideline for the management of syncope although the patients underwent expensive tests with little benefit.Keywords: Coronary Angiography, Exercise Test, Physical Examination, Syncope, Tilt-Table Test
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داستان های زیست نگارانه (زندگی نامه ای)، یکی از رایج ترین گونه های نوشتاری در ادبیات معاصر اروپا به شمار می روند. نوشته هایی که با محور قراردادن زندگی شخصیتی حقیقی، سعی در بازآفرینی آن به شیوه های گوناگون دارند. هر چند شمار این نوشته ها هنوز در ایران انگشت شمارند، اما هستند در این میان آثاری که مطالعه آنها ما را در فهم ظرایف خاص این گونه ادبی و آشنایی با ظرفیتهای آن یاری می کنند. از جمله سه گانه داستانی جلال الدین کزازی، فرزند ایران (1391)، پدر ایران (1392) و وخشور ایران (1393) که به ترتیب با الهام از زندگی و سرگذشت فردوسی، کوروش و زرتشت به رشته تحریر درآمده اند. مجموعه ای که بررسی آن می تواند ما را با برخی از ویژگی های داستان زیست نگارانه و تفاوت های آن با زندگی نامه تاریخی آشنا کند. به همین منظور و برای شناخت بهتر این گونه ادبی، مقاله حاضر با تکیه بر مطالعات گونه شناختی صورت گرفته در فرانسه سعی در دسته بندی برخی از ویژگی های شناخته شده این گونه ادبی خواهد داشت.کلید واژگان: داستان زیست نگارانه, زندگی نامه تاریخی, ادبیات, تخیل, تاریخ, نقد گونه شناختی, کزازیBiological fictions are among the most prevalent writing genres in contemporary European literature. Being based on the life of a real person, these writings try to reproduce it through various forms. Although very few books of this kind have been published in Iran, studying them can help us comprehend the special subtleties and capacities of the genre. A good example in this regard is a fictional trilogy by Jalaleddin Kazzazi: Irans Son (2013), Irans Father (2013) and Irans Prophet (2014) which have been respectively inspired by the life and adventures of Ferdowsi, Cyrus, and Zoroaster. A close examination of this trilogy can make us have a better understanding of some features of biological fictions and what distinguishes it from historical biographies. With this view and in order to acquire a better understanding of this literary genre, the present article tries to establish a categorization of some of the known features of this literary genre based on generic studies done in France.Keywords: biographical fiction, historical biographies, literature, fiction, history, generic critic, Kazazi
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«ادیپ در جاده» روایتی است از مسیری که ادیپ طی می کند تا از تب به کلن برسد، از شهری که در آن گناهش بر او هویدا می شود به شهری که سرانجام آرامگاه او می گردد. مسیری که از لحاظ روایی بین دو نمایشنامه سوفوکل قرار می گیرد و این چنین «ادیپ شهریار» را به «ادیپ در کلن» وصل می کند. درواقع بوشو با بهره گیری از این خلا روایی مسیری را متصور می شود که طی کردن آن به ادیپ اجازه خواهد داد تا با وضعیت رنجور خود مواجه و درنهایت از آن رهایی یابد. با این وصف و با استناد به تجربیات نویسنده در عرصه روانکاوی می توان مسیر ادیپ را استعاره ای از یک فرایند روان درمانی موفق دانست. موقعیتی که به ما این امکان را خواهد داد تا با در نظر گرفتن برخی از مفاهیم روانکاوی به مطالعه دوباره اثر بپردازیم، تا از این رهگذر علاوه بر فهم عمیق تر این مفاهیم، فعلیت یافتنشان را بر بستری روایی-داستانی دنبال کنیم.کلید واژگان: ادیپ, ادیپ در جاده, عقده ادیپ, هانری بوشو, فروید, یونگ, تحول"Oedipus on the road" is the story of the path Oedipus roams on to get from Thebes to Colonus, from the city where his sin is revealed to him, to the city which will at the end become his tomb. The path which, in the narratives timeline, lies between two plays of Sophocles and thus joins "Oedipus the King" to "Oedipus at Colonus". In fact, by exploring this void in the timeline of the plays, Bauchau imagines the path which will allows Oedipus to meet his wretched condition and to overcome it. Based on what precedes and based on the authors experiences in the field of psychoanalysis, it is possible to consider Oedipus path as a metaphor for a successful psychoanalytical treatment. This will allow us to study this work in light of some of the psychoanalytical concepts and thereby not only to achieve a deeper understanding of these concepts, but also to follow their embodiment in a narrative-fictive setting.Keywords: Oedipus, Oedipus on the road, Oedipus complex, Henry Bauchau, Freud, Jung, Transformation
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ObjectiveDepressed coronary artery disease (CAD) patients may experience a poorer prognosis than non-depressed patients. The aim of this study was to find the associated factors for depressive symptoms in young adults with CAD.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study within Tehran Heart Center's Premature Coronary Atherosclerosis Cohort (THC-PAC) study. Young adult CAD patients (men ≤ 45 year-old and women ≤ 55 year-old) were visited from March 2013 to February 2014. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and all patients were asked to fill in the Beck Depression Inventory II. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. A logistic regression model was used to find multiple associated factors of depressive symptoms.ResultsSeven hundred seventy patients (mean ±SD age: 45.34 ±5.75 y, men: 47.7%) were visited. The point prevalence of depressive symptoms was 46.9% in women and 30.2% in men (pConclusionIn premature CAD male patients, opium usage, MACE, initial CABG treatment, positive family history for CAD and cigarette smoking were associated with depressive symptoms; and hypertension and BMI were associated with depressive symptoms in women.Keywords: Association, Cohort Studies, Coronary Artery Disease, Depression, Young Adult
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در میان آثاری که با هدف احیای دوباره «زندگی های پیشین» به نگارش درآمده اند، «آخرین مصری» ژرار مسه، از جایگاه ویژه ای برخوردار است. در اینجا نویسنده، با تکیه بر صحنه خوانش رمان «آخرین موهیکان» نوشته فنیمور کوپر، برگرفته از اسناد مرتبط با زندگی شامپولیون به نقل زندگی کاشف هیروگلیف می پردازد. صحنه ای که درنهایت سراسر زندگی قهرمان را پوشش می دهد و دنیایی خلق می کند که همزمان برخورد میان شامپولیون و بومی های آمریکا، شامپولیون و مصریان باستان و نیز شامپولیون و مسه را در برمی گیرد. با این توضیح، در مطالعه حاضر، از میان شبکه های مختلف معنایی که معماری مضمونی اثر مسه را شکل می دهند، هدف خود را به بررسی دال ها و مدلول هایی محدود ساخته ایم که مستقیما به مضمون «دیگری» مربوط می شوند؛ با طرح این سوال که، میان «خویش» و «دیگری» چه نوع رابطه ای ممکن است؟ سوالی که پاسخ به آن ما را به طرح ریزی انواع رابطه با دیگری خواهد رساند.کلید واژگان: دیگری, ژرار مسه, سلطه, شیفتگی, آمیختگیRecherches en Langue et Littérature Françaises, Volume:10 Issue: 17, Fall and Winter 2016, PP 187 -207"Le dernier des Égyptiens" de Gérard Macé est parmi les plus remarquables écrits ayant pour but de ressusciter les vies antérieures. Macé nous y raconte la vie de Champollion par le recours à la scène de la lecture du "Dernier des Mohicans" de Fenimore Cooper. Cette seule lecture, devient le socle dun monde aussi étendu par limagination que riche dimages et de mémoires. Un monde qui prend à lintérieur de soi les différentes interactions entre Champollion et les Indiens dAmérique, Champollion et les anciens Égyptiens, et Champollion et son biographe. Ainsi, notre objectif sera de mettre en évidence, à travers milles différents réseaux de significations qui sous-tendent larchitecture thématique du texte, des signifiés autant que des signifiants concernant le thème de «lAutre»; et cela en nous posant cette question: quels sont les différents relations qui peuvent lier «Soi-même» à «lAutre». Ce qui nous amènera, dans une dernière instance, à schématiser ces différentes relations.Keywords: Autre, Gérard Macé, domination, fascination, stratification
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Herbal products are one of the most popular medications in the world. Nevertheless, herbal medications are not always safe and several cases of side effects have been reported. A 34 years old man was referred to Tehran heart center (THC) for implantation of permanent pacemaker (PPM). Recently, he had experienced several episodes of presyncope and according to the diagnosis of Complete Heart Block (CHB) with accelerated junctional rhythm, a temporary pacemaker (TPM) was implanted for him in another medical center. He had rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and fatty liver in his past medical history. In his drug history, the patient took only herbal medications for the treatment of his ailments among them daily use of Trachyspermum ammi and Zingiber officinale (ginger) products were the main causes of this adverse effect.Keywords: Heart Block Trachyspermum ammi Zingiber officinale
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Introdouction: According to the importance of enamel discoloration and controversy regarding the effect of different orthodontic bonding materials on tooth discoloration, the aim of this study was to determine enamel discoloration following orthodontic brackets using different bonding materials.Materials And MethodsThis in-vitro study, 30 recently extracted human premolars with intact enamel were selected and randomly divided into three groups after primary color measurement (T0). In group A, the specimens were bonded using light-cured adhesive (Transbond XT); in group B, Transbond plus self-etch primer was used; and in group C, unite bond (no-mix) was used on the buccal surface of the specimens. Lingual surfaces, however, did not receive any treatment and were considered as the control group. The samples were immerged in a solution of tea and coffee. After 1 week, the second color measurement was performed (T1) and color changes ΔE between pretreatment and post immergence state was evaluated. The third color measurement (T2) was completed after polishing the surfaces with 24-fluted tungsten carbide polishing burs and rubber cups, and color alterations were evaluated between the base and final state.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed that in all groups, the enamel color on buccal surfaces had statistically significant color changes in comparison with palatal surfaces between the three stages of treatment (P 3.3), and the specimens in group C had the highest amount of changes in all stages of the treatment.ConclusionBracket bonding on enamel surfaces with a number of bonding materials in this study led to detectable enamel discoloration, which was the highest when using no-mix bonding material.Keywords: Adhesives, Tooth Discoloration, Dental Enamel, Orthodontics, Orthodontic Brackets
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