فهرست مطالب sajad bahrami

Chemical industries often have risks for the environment and communities, due to the use of complex facilities and processes. Also, in the ammonia tanks, the probability of risk of explosion is high, owing to their specific characteristics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risks of explosion scenario at the ammonia tank in the Kermanshah petrochemical complex

To achieve the purpose of this study, the Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method was used to estimate the probability of reliability in the basic events. In this study, after drawing Fault Tree for identifying basic events, the probability of basic events was estimated by means of expert’s elicitation, and the probability of minimal cut sets was computed through Boolean logic gates.

According to the results, the probability of occurrence of the top event was obtained equal to 0/054997. In the minimal cut set prioritizing, the failing of pressure safety valves identified as the most effective factor in the top event occurrence, and afterward failing the control valves and human errors were identified.

This study indicates that, based on expert elicitation, a fuzzy error tree method can be used to assess the risk of various scenarios in the industry. Overall, in assessing the risk of the explosion scenario in the ammonia reservoir, it was found that some minor defects, and even human error, could be considered as a major contributor to the explosion.

The index of sustainable development goals have attracted attention of many researchers and policy makers in recent years. The Human Development Index, which is based on several key indicators, although an older approach to comparing countries is often considered as a health and education issue, but an indicator is still acceptable amongst researchers and policymakers. The purpose of this study is to survey the status of Iran in the human development index and the indicators of sustainable development goals and also analysis the correlation between these two indicators based on the information of all countries. In this research, Pearson correlation and linear regression were used in SPSS software to verify the relationship between two indicators. The results show that there is a meaningful and strong correlation between these two indicators. In the survey of correlation between the 17 goals of SDGs and HDI, it is clear that goals of 15 and 17 do not have a meaningful relationship with the human development index. While other communication goals were meaningful with the human development index. In general, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the human development index and the index of sustainable development goals. One of the drawbacks of the SDGs is the ambitious Goals that will make it hard to mobilize people and rulers to achieve all these ideal goals.

Balance regional development is one of the key subjects in spatial planning and sustainable development and emphasizes on equal life conditions, economic and social components for all people in country. Regarding to the country zoning towards national spatial planning study and to make appropriate decision in right time for equal regional development, planners at first must examine and analyze the status of different regions in terms of developmental level and deprivation. Considering the cultural and social similarities and the relatively similar climatic conditions in north provinces of the country, in this study, the provinces of Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan have been studied. In this research, shrinkage estimation was used to refine indices, the main components analysis method was used to determine the weight of the indices and the exponential distribution function in order to combine the rankings in different categories. The geographical level in this study is rural district (Dehestan) and 21 of the most important economic and infrastructure and social services indices have been used. The deprivation rate in this study has been categorized in five categories: most deprivation, deprivation, moderate deprivation, low deprivation and marginal deprivation. In this study, 301 rural districts (Dehestan) were surveyed and the indice of each district was calculated using the multiple indices of deprivation. The results show that out of a total of 301 districts, around 120 extreme deprived and deprived district were identified, accounting for about 40% of the rural districts. About 15% had a moderate deprivation, and about 45% of rural districts were identified as low deprivation area to marginal deprivation. Based on these analyzes, most districts with very high deprivation (40%) were identified in Golestan province.

This article studies the Coalitions and foreign policy curves of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main idea of ​​this article is that Iran as an entity pursues foreign policy goals that are outlined by the dominant coalition on the foreign policy curves of Iran. By 1979, the ancient oriented coalition had dominated Iran, the coalition had outlined Iran's foreign policy goals with regard to its own interests, preferences and his understanding of Iran's national interests with respect to the regional and international environment. This dominant coalition was challenged by the leftist coalition, the nationalist coalition and the Islamist coalition, and was eventually overthrown and the Islamist coalition has dominated the country and, with its own interests, preferences and understanding of Iran's interests in the external environment, has reviewed Iran's foreign policy, With the dominance of the Islamist coalition, other elites of the ancient oriented, leftist and nationalist coalitions have been pushed out and marginalized, and these coalitions have been collapsed, The author believes that since the Islamist domination, the foreign policy goals of the Iran have been determined by the  this coalition, then the Islamist coalition  split into two leftist and rightist coalitions, After the breakup, the right-wing coalition has determined Iran's foreign policy goals, and the leftist coalition, as a challenger coalition, has been trying to rewrite these goals but has failed to revision of Iran's foreign policy, as a consequence, the dominant coalition and the challenger coalition have entered into a struggle over Iran's foreign policy goals.

With increasing energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions from energy use have increased significantly in Iran and the world in recent years. Increasing global demand for energy from fossil fuels plays an important role in the upward trend in CO2 emissions. With the development of environmental problems caused by human activities, it has been determined that economic activities can not continue without regard to environmental constraints. For this reason, the use of market mechanisms and economic instruments, as well as laws and regulations for the rational use of natural resources, has become the focus of many governments in the world. According to previous studies, economic instruments provide the most effective solution for controlling and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the two main forms of which include pollution taxes and exchangeable licenses. The research method used in this paper is more documentary-analytic, which according to the documents and regulations has tried to emphasize the necessity and role of economic instruments in reducing environmental pollution. In this research, the concepts and tools used to reduce environmental pollution have been discussed and the role of these economic tools in achieving sustainable development and their position in the country's planning system has been discussed.

Carbon dioxide is one of the most important gases that has led to climate change and global warming. About 60 percent of greenhouse gas emissions are due to carbon dioxide emissions. According to the World Bank data in 2014, carbon dioxide emissions, increased from around 9.3 billion metric tons in the 1960s to more than 34.6 billion metric tons in 2011, that is annual growth rate of 2.6 percent and which is about 3.7 times higher. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) in 2011, Iran has been ranked 9th in the world with the release of 521 million tons of carbon dioxide . Economic and population growth, on the one hand, increase demand for goods and services, which creates more exploitation of resources and environment; on the other hand, more exploitation of resources leads to environmental degradation. All countries for that they can experience economic growth with a healthy environment, need to be aware of the impact of variables on each other and on the environment. Don’t be aware of how the causality relationship between these variables in any country's economy can lead to false and ineffective decisions. Therefore, any planning and policymaking to achieve economic growth and its stability as one of the major economic goals requires investigate of the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions. However, studying the causality relationship between these variables can play a significant role in achieving sustainable development and taking attention to environmental considerations in decision-making processes.

Booroola gene is one of the major genes in the enhancement of ovulation rate and could be an attractive candidate gene for ovulation rate in sheep. Molecular technologies have been widely used for discovery of mutations in animal species. These mutations have major effects on the important economic traits of sheep and goats. This study was conducted to identify the mutation in FecXG region of exon 2 of BMP15 gene which is associated with twining using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in Hisari Sheep. For this purpose, blood samples were obtained from 110 sheep. DNA was extracted using the salting out method and quantity and quality properties of DNA were determined using electrophoresis gel. Afterward, a 141 bp fragment, which contains the given polymorphic site of BMP15 gene, was amplified by the specific primers. Restriction enzyme (HinfI G/ANTC) cuts the "wild-type" allele and as a result of digestion, 112 and 29 bp fragments produced. Mutant type allele is not cut because of the removal of the intended cutting site. All the samples showed the similar monomorphic of genotype (+/+) (wild genotype). Results of this study indicate that the investigated polymorphism is not present in the hisari sheep

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that modulate the translation of target mRNA through binding to these molecules. In cancer, the expression of oncogenes and suppressors are increased and decreased, respectively. MiRNAs are one of the causing factors in the formation of cancer. To collect data, research articles in PubMed and Google Scholar were searched under keywords including breast cancer and micro-RNA. The data obtained from articles published in prestigious journals showed that some miRNAs are involved in the suppression and some in the induction of cancer cell growth in breast cancer tissue. Some of them are also involved in the aggression and metastasis. According to the obtained results, it seems that assessing miRNAs in breast cancer tissue can be considered as a potential candidate for prognosis and may be used in pre-diagnosis of the disease in near future.

Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and atherosclerosis constitute some of the most challenging problems in the medical field because of their high mortality rates. Nanotechnology in medicine/nanomedicine has several applications in different medical fields, especially in cardiology. Recent advances in nanotechnology and nanomedicine have created many opportunities for cardiovascular diseases, from diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring to drug delivery and nanoscale surgery. We reviewed recent applications of nano-enabled devices in cardiology such as targeted drug delivery, nanocoated drug-eluting stents, injectable peptide nanofibers, anticoagulation applications, and post-surgical monitoring.

Iran and India have experienced very complicated relations in the past decade. Despite the fact that during the past decades India's foreign policy inclined towards third world countries, India has advocated the United State's pressures on Iran in several fields, while it has not been a devoted partner for the United States against Iran. Why has not India met Iran’s expectations? Which factors lead to the expansion of relations between the two countries and which factors limit their cooperation? The hypothesis of this article is as follows: Iran and India have had opportunities for cooperation in political and economic dimensions, especially related to energy diplomacy, however this cooperation has negatively affected the interests of the United States, Israel and other Persian Gulf states, so that they have had limiting impact on the relations between Iran and India. This article is an explanatory research aiming to explore the hypothesis from the perspective of balance of interest theory. From this perspective, India is an emerging power with limited revisionist purposes, while Iran is a revolutionary actor with unlimited revisionist aims. Accordingly, these two actors have divergent strategies in dealing with international order, so that they cannot forge strategic partnership.