samira pali

 The present study aimed to examine the impact of anxiety thoughts, frustration tolerance, and learning strategies on test anxiety among female high school students in their second year.

Methods and Materials: 

The research was descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population included all female high school students in Tonekabon during the academic year 2023-2024, from which a stratified proportional sample of 341 students was selected. The research instruments included the Wells Anxiety Thoughts Index (AnTI) (1994), the Harrington Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS) (2005), the Pintrich et al. Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) (1993), and the Phillips Test Anxiety Questionnaire (PAQ) (1978). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).

 The findings indicated that anxiety thoughts have a positive and direct effect on students' test anxiety (p < .05). Frustration tolerance and learning strategies have a negative and direct effect on test anxiety (p < .05).

 It can be concluded that anxiety thoughts, frustration tolerance, and learning strategies play a significant role in shaping test anxiety among female high school students.

 This study aimed to investigate the impact of parental psychological control on adolescent risky behaviors, with an emphasis on the mediating role of gratitude.

Methods and Materials: 

The research utilized a descriptive-survey design, with a sample of 361 first-year high school students in Tonekabon, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Iranian Adolescent Risk-Taking Scale, the Parental Psychological Control Scale (Soenens et al., 2010), and the Gratitude Scale (Morgan et al., 2017). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationships between variables, using the Smart PLS software.

 The results showed that parental psychological control has a significant negative impact on gratitude and a direct positive effect on adolescent risky behaviors. Gratitude was found to mediate the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent risky behaviors, with partial mediation. Additionally, gratitude was negatively associated with risky behaviors, acting as a protective factor.

 Parental psychological control increases the likelihood of risky behaviors in adolescents, while gratitude plays a significant mediating role in reducing this effect. Interventions focused on enhancing gratitude may help mitigate the negative influence of psychological control on adolescent behavior.

The present study aimed to validate an empowerment model for educational system managers to enhance social security in tourist areas. This study was correlational in nature, utilizing structural equation modeling. The study population consisted of all educational system managers, including school principals and education administrators in Mazandaran province, who were active during the 2024-2025 academic year. To estimate the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, and after accounting for a 20% dropout rate, the final sample size of 320 participants was randomly selected. For evaluating the construct validity of the proposed model, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using AMOS 24 software. To examine the paradigm model of the study, structural equation modeling based on Partial Least Squares (PLS-3) was employed, and the direct effect regression coefficients for all model pathways were reported. According to the results, the standardized factor loadings for each primary and secondary category of the empowerment factors for educational managers aimed at enhancing social security in tourist areas were greater than 0.40 and were confirmed. The convergent and discriminant validity of the scales in the proposed model were also satisfactory. Additionally, the overall model fit was confirmed, and both the structural and measurement models demonstrated adequate quality in explaining the research variables. Therefore, the use of the model derived from this study for empowering educational managers to enhance social security in tourist areas is an effective method with high validity.

The purpose of the current research was to present a structural model of professional ability based on individual adaptation and job involvement of teachers of exceptional schools in Gilan province. The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the research was made up of 117 teachers of exceptional schools in Gilan province. Due to the limited statistical population, the census sampling method was used. In order to collect data, Ladahl and Kenjer (1965) occupational engagement questionnaires, Hill's personal compatibility (2009) ) and the professional ability of immigrants (2013) were used. In order to determine the validity of the research tool from face and content validity and to confirm the reliability of the research tool, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. In order to analyze the data, the structural equation technique was used using Lisrel statistical software. The research findings indicated that Individual adaptation as well as job involvement has a positive and meaningful effect on professional ability. The results of the research showed that the component of being immersed in work had the highest correlation in the variable of job involvement, and the component of individual freedom had the highest correlation in the variable of job compatibility with professional ability.

This research aims to investigate the family functions and parental stress of mothers with children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder by comparing their characteristics with a group of mothers who do not have such children. For this purpose, using causal descriptive method - after an event (after an event) from the community of mothers who referred to the rehabilitation counseling center in Rasht city in the first three months of 1402, 60 people (30 mothers with a child with heart failure disorder/ hyperactivity and 30 mothers without children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder) were selected as a sample. The two groups are matched in terms of mother's age, mother's education, mother's occupation and child's gender. The mothers responded to the family functioning questionnaires (Epstein, Baldwin and Bishop, 1950) and Abidin's parental stress (1991) and the results were analyzed using t-test to compare two independent groups in SPSS22 software. The results have shown that family functions (t=33.05, 0.01) and parental stress (t=29.54, 0.01) of mothers with children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder mean more than family functions and parental stress (Child's domain, parent's domain and total tension) of mothers without children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

In today's world, organizations cannot be studied apart from the behavior of their managers. In the meantime, broken windows in organizations are the rule of few inputs, whose reconstruction can lead to great results. The purpose of the current research is to compile and present a conceptual model of the behavior of organization managers in order to explain the broken window with a database approach. In this research, a qualitative method was used in an exploratory way based on the theory of the database. The tool used was a semi-structured interview with the commanders and managers of the police force of Gilan province, whose number is 15 using the snowball sampling method until theoretical saturation. The acceptability criterion was used to determine the validity and reliability of the data. Data analysis was also done by open, central and selective three-step coding method in Max Kyuda software. According to the findings of the research, 15 categories and 38 concepts were finally set in the form of factors (contextual, causal, interventional, strategic, consequential). Based on the results of the criteria, it showed that the organization's growth and development strategy by using day-to-day management, documented system of monitoring and control and planning, in order to expand process orientation with the benefit of organizational support, is the necessary mechanism for the establishment of a centralized system of transparency by using new management methods which provides the key and fundamental indicator of managers' behavior in explaining the broken window.

The present study was conducted with the aim of testing the causal model of job performance based on communication skills with the mediation of job conflict in teachers. Based on this, the research method was descriptive, carried out by a survey method. The statistical population was 295 people of elementary school teachers in Lahijan city in the academic year of 2021-2022 among whom 167 people was selected by simple random method as a statistical sample based on Cochran's formula. Data collection tools were Ladahl and Kenger's (1965) standard job engagement questionnaires, Patterson's job performance (1963), and Queen Dame's communication skills (2004). The validity of the questionnaires were examined and confirmed based on content validity using the experts' opinion, superficial validity based on some of the statistical population view, and structural validity by factor analysis method. The reliability of the questionnaires was estimated by Cronbach's alpha method as 0.88 for job performance, 0.80 for communication skills, and 0.78 for job involvement. Data analysis were carried out at two levels, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including modeling of structural equations. The results showed that there is a relationship between communication skills and job involvement with an impact factor of 0.67, between communication skills and job performance with an impact factor of 0.79, and between job involvement and job performance with an impact factor of 0.76. On the other hand, communication skills have a direct relationship with job performance with an impact factor of 0.50. In other words, job engagement has a mediating role in the relationship between communication skills and job performance.

Co-word analysis is a tool to depict the intellectual structure of scientific productions. So the purpose of this study is to map the intellectual structure of research status in the field of educational management in Iran.

This applied research has been done by co-word analysis. The research population includes all original Persian scientific articles indexed in databases, named Normagz, SID, and Magiran. Examples with the four main keywords "educational management", "educational leadership", "school management" and "school leadership" along with their sub-topics and their plural and singular states based on searching for the same phrase and without applying a time limit, during the years 1988 to 2020, between 2nd and 20th of July 2020 were searched.  These keywords were selected according to "Eric Online Thesaurus", "Persian subject headings", "Congress library subject headings", "Educational management culture book" and "consensus of three professors of educational management". To collect data, first, 1066 articles were retrieved by an advanced search of selected keywords, and 891 articles remained after removing duplicate and unrelated items. In the next step, all the keywords of the articles that were under each title of the article were placed in the Excel file in one column, and the keywords in the titles of the articles were examined one by one by the researcher and after getting the final opinion from the experts in the field and they were given in the continuation of keyword column. At first, 3688 keywords including their repetitions (2221 words excluding repetitions) were obtained from the titles and keywords of the articles. After correcting the typographical and space errors that were too much due to the entry of relatively inappropriate information in Persian databases, the phase of assimilation of words began. In the next step, while checking the keywords one by one, referring to the accepted and common keywords (including 56 keywords) with the opinion of experts in the subject area of the research. Finally, a list of keywords was obtained in which all the words with semantic connections were replaced with the general keyword. A number of keywords completely unrelated to the subject area were also removed based on the opinion of subject experts in the field of educational management. Finally, the number of 2203 keywords, including their repetition, remained for further analysis. Afterwards, the researcher replaced the selected and referred keywords in the entire research data. Excel, RavaR Matrix, and UciNet software were used for data analysis and NetDraw was used to visualize the co-word network.

"Educational Management", "Educational Leadership" and "School Management" have been the most common themes in terms of co-word. In fact, these words form the main discussions related to this field. Hierarchical clustering resulted in the formation of 3 clusters in that the educational management cluster has a central and important position as a mature and developed cluster. Educational Leadership and School Management were identified as underdeveloped and emerging or declining clusters and compared to the educational management cluster, they have attracted less attention in the studies of the educational management field.

The study of the knowledge structure in the field of educational management identified the research status that can be a roadmap for future research. In the field of educational management, the issues surrounding learning leadership and school management as immature and underdeveloped clusters need more attention in future research. Therefore, if attention to these issues is placed on the agenda of the country's educational system, we will see more prosperity in the field of educational management in the future. Therefore, pushing the scientific community toward these issues and conducting research in this direction will be practical and fruitful.

Electronic word of mouth is the most important information source in tourists purchase decision.

Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of exploring and prioritizing the dimensions of electronic word of mouth among coastal tourists. The method of this research is mixed in nature and developmental research in terms of purpose. Therefore, the Meta - Synthesis method has been used to explore the dimensions of ewom and the best-worst method to prioritize these dimensions.

In the qualitative section, the statistical society was 158 documentary articles, which were eventually adjusted to 28 related articles, and in the quantitative section, 10 social media managers from selected coastal tourism centers in north of the country, were selected as experts by using convenience sampling method. Data in the qualitative section, were analyzed using the seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso in Meta - Synthesis and in the quantitative section, data were analyzed by the best-worst method (BWM). Dimensions of ewom among coastal tourists were introduced  in 5 categories,10 axial codes and 70 open codes and their prioritization were presented by their importance. The effectiveness of the message was in the first priority, the message platform in the second priority, information exchange in the third priority, communication elements in the fourth priority and the consequences of ewom in the fifth priority.

Company managers need to recognize the characteristics of message receiver and sender and the motivations for their participation in electronic word-of-mouth, and create and expand ewom by creating platforms such as tourism websites, discussion forums and brand communities.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between goal orientation and academic self-concept with desire for school with the mediating role of students' academic retention. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection method. The primary girls in Rahimabad were 1767 people and 251 people were selected as a statistical sample using cluster random sampling method. Research data were collected through a questionnaire (Wang et al., 2011; Martin and Marsh, 2008; Elliott and McGregor, 2001; Lee Yu and Wang, 2005). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by its visual and content methods and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. SPSS and LISREL software were used in data analysis. The research findings indicate that the goal orientation and academic self-concept have a direct and indirect positive relationship with school motivation. There is a positive and significant relationship between goal orientation and academic persistence and students' desire for school. There is a positive and significant relationship between academic self-concept with academic retention and students' desire for school. Academic persistence plays a mediating role in the relationship between goal orientation and academic self-concept with school enthusiasm. The results showed that by improving the academic self-concept and improving the goal orientation, it is possible to increase academic retention and increase students' desire for school.

The present study was formulated with the aim of analyzing the structure of scientific productions in the field of educational management in Iran. The field of this quantitative study is scientometrics. The research population is all the original Persian scientific articles indexed in "Noormags", "Magiran" and Scientific Information Database (SID) from 1998 to 2020. The data are collected using a checklist. The descriptive indicators, the growth rate, the frequency distribution and relative frequency percentage are used to analyze the data by Excel. Also the Pajek software is used to draw co-authored maps, and the Bradford's law of scatter is used to determine the core journals. Some of the findings show that the most prolific writers are Mohammad Reza Behrangi and Hassan Reza Zeineabadi, and the most prolific universities are Kharazmi and Tehran universities, respectively. Nine journals are also identified as core journals, of which the journal of "School Administration" and " New Approaches in Educational Administration" are the most prolific journals. However, an important part of the findings show that the trends in scientific productions in the field of educational management has not experienced a proper growth rate during the years under review, and a kind of disorganization is so evident in the process of scientific productions in the field of educational management in Iran.

The scope of moral consumerism transcends cultural boundaries and as a result quality, price, social behavior, innovation and ethical perspectives lead to consumer choice. The effect of ethical perceptions on the purchase intentions with the role of consumer–corporate identity and brand trust. Its statistical population includes all customers of Samsung in Tehran, from which 384 people were selected by non-probability sampling method. The data of this study were collected through the questionnaire of Javed et al. (2019). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by its visual and content methods and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. SPSS and LISREL software were used in data analysis. The findings showed that ethical perceptions on the intention to buy with the role of consumer identity from the organization and trust in brands are significant. Consumer–corporate identification and brand trust are significant on the purchase intentions. The effect of ethical perception on consumer–corporate identification and brand trust was significantly adjusted by gender, customer age, education and location.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of educational technology equipment and teaching aids in improving the academic achievement of sixth grade students in Rudsar. The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study included primary school teachers and students in Rudsar. 31 teachers were selected by means of census sampling to specify the sample size of the statistical population. To determine the sample size of the statistical population of students, cluster random sampling method was used and 210 students were selected. Data collection tools were Pham and Taylor (1999) Standard Academic Achievement Questionnaire, Yavuz Educational Technology Equipment Standard Questionnaire (2005) and Abdi (2012) Standard Educational Aids Questionnaire. Stepwise regression test was applied for data analysis. Findings of this study showed that educational technology equipment and teaching aids have an effect on improving the academic achievement of sixth grade students in Rudsar city .

The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of jubilation and academic motivation in the relationship between learning self-direction and social acceptance in female elementary school students in Tonekabon. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The population of this study was female students of the second grade of elementary school in Tonekabon. 204 students were selected by means of cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools were Walland et al.'s Academic Motivation Questionnaire(1992), Crown and Marlowe Social Acceptance Questionnaire(1960), Fisher et al.'s  Learning Self-Guidance Questionnaire(2001), and Oxford Jubilation Questionnaire. Data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that in the research model, the direct effect of the predictor and criterion variables was 0.38, the indirect effect was 0.600 provided that there is a jubilation mediating variable, and the indirect effect was 0.510 provided that there is an academic motivation mediating variable. Thus, due to the lower effect of direct path compared with indirect paths, the existence of mediating variables of jubilation and academic motivation increases the effect, and the mediating role in the research hypothesis was confirmed.

Customers relate to various markets with distinct decision making styles. Such styles may be somewhat time independent. The present study was conducted to take a thorough look at Sproles & Kendall’s model of decision making styles among mobile phone customers, with a focus on store location, recommendations and criticism by others, and power of parents. To this end, it was attempted to develop a data collection instrument through the latest changes in the questionnaire for decision making model of purchase as well as experts’ and consumers’ comments and judgments. After the conduction of a random sampling, 385 questionnaires were handed out to mobile phone users out of which 369 were usable. In order to analyze the data and test the hypotheses, structural equations modeling was utilized. The results indicated that habitual and store location styles were the most important ones.