seyed mahdi taheri

The purpose of this study was to investigate the of metadata elements of Digital Rights Management (DRM) comparatively in different regions and the approach behind. This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis method. The data was gathered through documentary method and searching in databases to identify the best practices of DRM solutions. The results revealed that Different metadata elements are utilized in the DRM projects. These metadata elements are practical in different stages of content trading and greatly depends on the technology, law, and business models. As stated before, Digital Rights Management (DRM) is an important tool for digital contents. This tool is implemented in various countries and regions. The United States is known for its strong intellectual property laws. DRM in the United States is mostly based around the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Canada, takes a more balanced approach to DRM systems which reflects Canada's commitment to promoting access to information while protecting intellectual property rights. In contrast, the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act of 1988 suggests that it differs significantly with regard to DRM and a more flexible approach is considered in digital rights management.This law gives the owners of the rights of copying works control over them, yet it contains some exceptions like research, private study, and criticism. British government has also taken measures to promote the use of DRM technologies, for example, the Creative Content Online initiative that promotes legal distribution of digital content. In France the DRM projects are France comply with the French Intellectual Property Code (Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle) and consider Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés – CNIL. The main components of DRM solutions in the France are data protection, privacy concerns, permissions, managing user data, usage rights, and etc. Germany has a similar approach to DRM as France. In Germany the implications of the German Data Protection Act (BDSG) is considered when managing user data through DRM solutions. The DRM solutions of this country implement strong access controls and techniques to protect content rights. based on legal frameworks, cultural norms, and infrastructures there is significant differences in approaches to the protection of digital content and this affect the selection of right metadata components in the DRM systems. When it comes to copyright, the US tends to be more pro-owner, while the UK prefers a balanced perspective that includes user activities. France and Germany have adopted strict measures in this respect, having legal provisions for sanctioning offenders. Switzerland has a more relaxed approach to DRM systems, while Australia, China, and Russia have a complex legal framework for legal protection, access controls, permissions of copyrighted content. Rights metadata have various functionalities such as Identifying and describing the content, to manage secure content distribution, access control, content protection, and usage tracking, monitoring changes, facilitate discoverability, within DRM systems the extent to which they protected content remains secure and accessible only to authorized users. In conclusion, it could be said that based on context-based approaches, cultural norms, and infrastructures there is significant differences in approaches to the protection of digital content and this affect the types and functionalities of right metadata elements in the DRM systems.

 The current research was carried out to design a conceptual platform based on gamification components for the services of libraries for children and teenagers.

The current research has been carried out in terms of the purpose of the applied type with a qualitative approach and the fuzzy Delphi method. The statistical population of the research was experts, specialists in gamification, children, and adolescents, as well as beneficiaries (including librarians and administrators) selected at the national level. Among these, the sample was selected purposefully. The sample size in the present study was 30 samples. The content validity of the questionnaire was calculated by calculating the CVR with a value greater than 0.49 and The CVI has been done with a value of 0.76. In the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88.

 Based on the findings of this research, a conceptual platform based on gamification components for children and teenagers' library services includes the components of platform mechanical capabilities, game dynamics, and aesthetics. The elements of the mechanical capabilities of the platform in the library platform for children and teenagers included points, stages, badges, standings, progress tables, and competitions. Game dynamism in the library platform for children and teenagers includes success, reward, and satisfaction. Aesthetic elements in the library platform for children and teenagers include the component of emotions.

 In the design of the mechanical features of the gaming platform, it is more important to make the components of points, stages, badges, tabulations, progress tables, and competitions more important. In the design of dynamics, the components of success, satisfaction, and reward are more important. In the design of the aesthetic part, the component involving the emotions of children and teenagers is more important.

All organizations use data to execute their processes. Organizational data is either generated by the organization itself or created and provided by other organizations. Data and information play an essential role in the decisions and functions of organizational processes. For this reason, data is part of the organization's resources and perhaps the most important source of organizations. The purpose of this study was to provide a data quality model for data governance. The research method was used in a meta-combination. Therefore, out of 268 sources found, during the meta-combination process, 62 articles were used using keywords such as; Data, data management, data governance and data quality management were selected in Irandak, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer, IEEE and ACM databases between 1995-2022. In this study, first a code was considered for all factors extracted from previous studies and then, considering the concept of each code, they were classified in a similar concept. In this way, the concepts of research were identified. Two coders were used to control the extracted codes and categories, and the desired index in this field is the kappa index. Based on the analysis performed using the content analysis method, a total of 12 main categories ("data attribute, data, data fable, data value, initial data value, data pattern, data set, data access, data composition, data formatting, Metadata and data objectivity ”) and 47 sub-categories for data quality management for data governance were identified and identified.

The purpose of this research was to study the Search Engine’s responses to authority data properties embedded into schema.org-based metadata on the Microdata syntax.

The experimental method was used in this research. The research population comprised 400 records of authority metadata based on the Microdata method from the digital library of Allameh Tabataba'i University. The examination group consisted of 200 metadata records, 100 records with authority data extensions embedded into schema.org-based metadata in the Microdata syntax and 100 other similar records in the JSON-LD syntax (50 samples of name authority, and 50 other subject authority) And the control group consisted of 200 Records, including 100 Records related to the description of the book in the Microdata syntax and 100 other similar records in the JSON-LD syntax. The records have been published on the independent website at www.Aghadeh.ir and have been introduced to the Google, Bing, Yahoo, and Yandex search engines as designers of the schema.org standard. Then, through searching the search engines, using the data gathering tool, the checklist provided by the researchers, the indexing and retrieval of the metadata records of the control groups and experimental groups were evaluated in the search results of the selected search engines.

The results of this study showed that search engines were able to index and retrieve all of the metadata records and values of added extensions associated with authority data. Such a possibility had the same status for the name authority records and the subject authority data.

By retrieving each of the variant properties’ values of examination group’s records, in addition to the authorized values of the name and subject terms, a suitable platform for the comprehensiveness of the retrieve process, and the authority control in the Web search tools will be improved.

 Aiming at identifying and determining the types and attributes of data entities in the Iranian-Islamic information context in order to apply them to enrich the metadata standards and schemas, the current research aims to determine the types of specific data entities in the Iranian-Islamic information context and the attributes of these data entities.

 The research was considered as developmental-applied research that conducted content analysis method. The specific data entities and their attributes of the Iranian-Islamic information context were extracted with the help of using the Delphi technique and documentation method. 10 experts in the field of information and knowledge organization were selected by purposeful sampling. In the next step, metadata entities of Iranian and Islamic data entities of National Library of Iran, Astan Quds Razavi Library, Library of Quranic Culture and Knowledge Center, and Library of Islamic Promotion Office and articles of the two databases of Wikifegh and Wikishia for each type of specific attributes of specific types of extracted data entities were examined.  

  To realize the goal of the research, 8 specific types of data entities were identified in the Iranian-Islamic information context by conducting the documental investigations. In the next step, suitable attributes for these types were extracted. 8 special types of data entities with special features were identified in Iranian-Islamic data entities, which include the first type of Mostadrak/ Zeil/ Takmaleh/ Elhaghat; The second type of Taghrir/ Amali/ Tahrir; The third type of Description/ Explanation/ Interpretation; The fourth type of Ejazeh; The fifth type of Samaat; The sixth type of Talighat/ Comment Margins; The seventh type is Jong / Safineh / Kashkol/ Bayaz/ Moraqa/ Khergheh and finally, the eighth type is Tazkereh/ Biography/ Autobiography. In Mostadrak/ Zeil/ Takmaleh/ Elhaghat, which are written to complete another book and compensate for its shortcomings, the four main attributes were included: Type of Mostadrak, Writing Style, Structure, and Missing Part. The only main attribute "Type of Mostadrak" has three attributes at the first level. In the Taghrir/ Amali/ Tahrir, authors have discussed the basics, reasons and explanations of their teachers during the presentation of the lesson, that is, the teacher has expressed and explained something and someone else has written it, the attribute of the Type of lecture was identified. In Description/ Explanation/ Interpretation, which means explaining the conditions governing the poem or writing, two attributes including the structure of the description and the sources of the description were identified. Ejazeh, which is discussed in the field of Hadith sciences, means that authority has permitted a person to enter into the discussion of Hadith and be a narrator of Hadith. It has two attributes, types of Ejazeh and degrees of Ejazeh. Sama'ats are discussed in the field of Hadith and its content is listening to Hadiths or hearing Hadiths and it has an attribute of the level of listening. In Talighat/ Comment Margins, which are generally taken as synonyms, two main attributes were identified, including the style of writing and the validity of the margin. In Jong / Safineh / Kashkol/ Bayaz/ Moraqa/ Khergheh, which are collections of materials, especially poems which have been compiled with the taste and effort of one or more people, the attribute of the type of Jong was identified. Finally, the Tazkereh/ Biography/ Autobiography has three attributes: the type of Tazkereh, the order of the book or the method of arrangement, and the number of entries.

 .In the current research, the attributes of various Iranian-Islamic data entities were identified so that these data entities can be represented and described optimally. The attributes of Iranian-Islamic data entities identified can be used to create a metadata application profile to describe and organize specific types of Iranian-Islamic information context data entities, especially in the electronic environment. Since the use of these attributes increases access points and improves accessibility to data entities, they can be used in different standards or different library software packages.

The present research has been done with a view to identifying and ranking the supply chain risks in digital libraries of state universities in Tehran based on the 2018 version of ISO 31000.

The present research is an applied one and to implement it, survey and analytic methods have been applied with Shannon entropy to weight risks and fuzzy TOPSIS to evaluate them. Primarily the most important risks were identified using the relevant resources and the results of previous researches; a process which led to the formulation of a questionnaire with 5 components and 109 items. The stability of the questionnaire was calculated based on the internal consistency coefficient & Cronbach alpha coefficient using SPSS software. The resulted value in each aspect of the questionnaire amounted to more than %98 and then the analysis and ranking of the risks were carried out using the above-mentioned techniques.

In this research the risks of supply chain have been evaluated in 5 sections: suppliers, production & digital resources management, distribution of digital resources, services to users and common risks among the components of supply chain. In the suppliers section the risk index of  "The fluctuation  of exchange rates" has the highest rank(=%73), in production  and digital resources management, the risk index of "The strategy of collection development of digital resources" has the highest rank(=%73), in distribution of digital resources section, the risk index of "Possibility of rendering  web-based loan services in the digital library" has the highest rank(=%84), in services to users section,  the risk index of "The possibility of searching by means of any browsers in the digital library" has the highest rank(=%88) and in the common risks among the components of supply chain section, the index risk of "The increase of hardware prices of the components of supply chain due to the fluctuation of exchange rate" has the highest rank(=%82).

The risks based on their ranking and by applying the TOPSIS technique in the supply chain of digital libraries in the universities of Tehran in order of importance that is from number 1 to number 5 include: "risks of suppliers", "common risks among the components of supply chain", "risks relating to services of users", "risks involving the production & digital resources management", and "risks involving the distribution of digital resources".

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of correspondence between data types of Schema.org and the representation of them in the MARC21 Genre Terms List.

This research was an applied research based on a content analysis and the research population was a variety of data entities of the Schema.org. To collect data, a checklist-based tool on MARC Genre Terms List was used to check the degree of correspondence in Schema.org, and the structured observation method was used to initially identify each of the CreativeWork and then other entities in the Scheme.org were analyzed and the types of related data entities were identified

The findings of this study showed that there are 64 source-specific terms in the MARC that have no equivalent data entity in the Schema.org, and only 36% of the MARC Genre Terms List are consistent with the Schema.org. This means that for the 100 MARC Genre Terms List, there were only 36 equivalents in the Schema.org. Twenty-four terms of the MARC Genre Terms List were consistent accurately with the CreativeWork in Schema.org, and 12 were consistent with its other data entities.

To describe and organize digital objects, both properties must be taken into account because most data entities in the web are digitized versions of physical content objects and also considering that Schema.org does not consider some of the data entities in the bibliographic context, it must design the schema to describe all terms of a particular type of cultural heritage context (including the bibliographic context) for removing knowledge gap. It is recommended that specialized refinements and vocabularies of other sections of the cultural heritage (museum and archive context) be adapted to the types of the Schema.org to provide a thorough representation of knowledge in the context of cultural heritage.

Graphene helicoid is a man-made spiral structure that has recently been created with the advent of nanotechnology inspired by nature. In this study, the mechanical properties of multi-layer graphene helicoid with different geometric characteristics are studied using molecular dynamics simulation and the relationship between number of layers, geometric properties and mechanical properties of nanoparticles are investigated. The results show that the unique geometric properties of these nanoparticles produce interesting mechanical properties that are highly dependent on their structure. The stages of the tensile behavior of these nanoparticles are altered by increasing the number of layers corresponding to the geometric characteristics of the nanoparticles. One of the most important characteristics of these nanoparticles is their high stretchability, even for some specimens, up to 3000%, which, with the addition of a layer to their structure, decreases sharply. The results also indicate a strong increase in force in the small strain range with the onset of the stretching process due to the strong van der Walls forces between the adjacent layers. The spring constant for these nanoparticles is calculated in this initial area of the tensile test and, decreases with the addition of the layers. Identifying the properties of multilayered graphene helicoid can lead to an increase in their efficiency and their optimal performance in nanoscale devices and even improve multiscale performance.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for implementing the linked data method in library systems (such as digital libraries and library catalogues), as well as to provide the components needed to perform this process. In this stage, in order to provide a practical example of converting metadata records based on linked data method, 40 metadata records from the total records of Shahnameh bibliographic family were purposefully selected from the Iran’s national library catalogue, and converted based on linked data method and finally it’s RDF graph was designed. In this study, after analyzing the structure of RDF language and connecting data in the linked data method, the steps of implementing this method in selected metadata records were explained. These steps include assigning URI; representing RDF model of bibliographic entities and relationships; converting examples of metadata records based on linked data method; providing RDF/XML code resulting from the conversion of one of the metadata records based on the linked data method; and finally creating an RDF graph. The links established in the RDF/XML syntax are richer, more accurate, more comprehensive, and more structured than current formats, and the use of linked data method allows for the coverage of a variety of bibliographic relationships between related works. Therefore, it seems that the application of linked data method can have significant effects on the process of describing and displaying relationships and links between bibliographic metadata in library systems.

The aim of research is to comprehensively investigate various types of Data-Driven Business Patterns in order to help entrepreneurship and innovation actors, especially digital businesses efforts.This paper is a critical-argumentative study using a narrative review with a documentary approach. In order to collect and extract information, a comprehensive search was carried out on documents in the Iranian, international scientific journals databases and some of the most famous management consulting groups in the world. The statistical population of this study was all documents related to the keyword Data-Driven Business Model in the period 2000 to 2018.After studying documents, in the literature section, 26 patterns of Data-Driven Business Model were indexed. After analyzing similarities, 20 patterns were counted. In the second review of these cases, 13 different patterns were identified, and in the third review period, the necessity of the need for these 13 patterns was identified by 5 complementary tools. Data-driven business model patterns can help innovators and entrepreneurs utilize the patterns in proportion to their customer groups or even think of the worldchr('39')s most successful businesses using these patterns. In this study, for the first time, all types of data-driven business models were collected from different perspectives. If companies want to actually use these patterns, they should also be equipped with a set of complementary tools. Major complementary tools play a role in data ethics, identification of data stakeholders, and business-data alignment.

The article aimed to find out the divergence of knowledge and information management standards in a critical-analytical approach. Developing data entities management standards by the World Wide Web consortium and Web search tools, on the one hand, and designing the same kind of standards by cultural heritage community, on the other hand, cause divergence and the divergence will lead to pluralism that cannot solve current Web problems in data controlling and processing, especially, when we are encountering some challenges such as the big data phenomenon.

The linked data method and schema.org derived from W3C and Web search engines, and the knowledge and information management standards such as BIBFRAME, and the conceptual reference models such as IFLA LRM, developed by cultural heritage communities were compared with each other in terms of functionality. The reasons in cultural heritage context, causing divergence are analyzed with emphasizing on web capabilities and the features of web data entities.

It seems that the current pluralistic approach in developing the tools and methods through the W3C and search engines, for creating the semantic web will repeat previous unsuccessful experiences in web standards development. Accordingly, doing the vital processes such as authority control and the representation of relationship patterns for extracting knowledge and semantics from data contexts are necessary. On top of that, metadata interoperability, the imperfect understanding of web technologies, and describing special data entities, such as commercial products, comments of social networks, as well as, not developing the standards having complementary role to other standards such as content standards for metadata standards increase the pluralism.

Finally, improving the interaction and synergy of cultural heritage context’s standards specialists with the standards developers of web consortium and web search tools, as well as, adapting web standards to conceptual reference models in different contexts and other strategies to reach interoperability is recommended.

The present study aimed to improve the management of the organizational metadata and the design of metadata registry for the library complex of ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences using analytical-asystematic approach. The statistical population of the study included the metadata records from the 23 libraries (central, college, and hospital libraries) affiliated to the ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data on the goals and local needs of the above-mentioned libraries to generate metadata records and their management. The questionnaire was completed by the managers of the libraries and librarians in the processing and organization department using the method of observation designed by the researcher on the metadata databases for the studied libraries. Accordingly, the goals, features, and local needs of the current libraries were extracted in the field of the creation and management of metadata, as well as their policies and expectations for the future.The research findings indicate that the coherence and consistency in the creation and management of metadata is not at a desirable level for the description and organization of the content objects, as well as the consistency of metadata in accordance with the goals and local needs of the studied libraries. It seems that this inconsistency is due to some factors including the lack of clarity of all features and local needs of libraries (in general, the organizational context) and the lack of codified policies for the metadata management, as well as the lack of precision in defining their native goals and functions from the perspective of metadata management. In order to optimize the management of metadata, "the metadata registry schema of the libraries of ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences" was designed in accordance with their goals and the identified local needs based on thechecklist designed in accordance with the metadata standards, including the schema objectives (the native context and data entities), formal description components (schema definition and the implementation schema), and the schema components (the metadata schema and metadata application profiles).

The research was carried out with the aim of designing and constructing a metadata application profile for describing and organizing content objects of the databases of the Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences (CRCIS) with analytical-systematic approach.

The research population included the content objects of four databases including Hawzah Net, Noormags, Noorlib and Andishvaran. In addition to the content objects of these databases, elements, sub-elements and attributes of the most utilized metadata standards including Metadata Objects Description Schema (MODS), Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI), Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) and MARC Metadata Format have been studied as the another part of the research. The data was gathered by interviews and structured observations made by the means of  a questionnaire and a checklist.

To design application profile, native features of the content objects and the goals and desired functions of the four databases of the research population were compared with the features of the studied metadata standards and the best elements, sub-elements and attributes that were able to meet the needs of describing and organizing of the four databases were chosen. In some cases, if a new element, sub-elements or attribute, was needed or it was needed to redefine the existing elements, sub-elements or attributes natively, the new elements, sub-elements or attributes were designed and if existed, a native definition was presented to increase its functionality and usability for the databases.

The metadata application profile of the Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences was designed and constructed based on the native requirements and features of the databases of that center and also identifying structures, elements, functions and semantic features resulted in totally 23 elements -16 elements from Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), 5 elements from Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) and 2 native elements- and by providing a description for each element.

The aim of this research was to find out the function of Web search engines in indexing and Making visible of the metadata records based on Microdata method comparatively. Research 200 metadata records in two groups: 100 HTML-based metadata records (related to e-books) as the control group with the normal structure, including 50 records in Persian and 50 records in English, and 100 HTML metadata records created based on Microdata method in Persian and English in an experimental group. All records were extracted from Allameh Tabataba’i university digital library and were analyzed through an experimental approach. The records of two groups were published on an independent website http://www.szolghadr.ir, and were introduced to Google, Bing and Yahoo! search engines. Then using advanced search strategies, the semantic indexability and visibility of the published metadata records were examined. Findings show Google got indexed both control and experimental groups’ records, and displayed the metadata records of the experimental group semantically, as rich snippets. But Bing and Yahoo! search engines got indexed the records of both groups only and were not able to make visible them in their search results semantically. Although, the three studied search engines have been developing schema.org together and use Microdata method for creating metadata records based on it, only Google supports to display the two groups’ metadata records semantically.

This study evaluates the position of Allameh Tabatab’i University (ATU) in four international university ranking systems: Shanghai, QS, Times, and ISC. The results show that at the end of 2016 Allameh Tabatab’i University did not have a great position in three of the international university ranking systems—Shanghai, QS, and Times. However, in 2015 and 2016 the ISC ranked Allameh Tabatab’i University in the second level of the top Iranian universities in the humanities.

INTRUDUCTION: The aim of this study is to find out the relationship designators in the metadata records of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI), based on the Resource Description and Access (RDA) standard.
In this study, the content analysis method was used. The study population included metadata records for books in NLAI for four bibliographic families including Quran, Nahj al-Balagha, Shahnameh, and Masnavi (with a total of 28213 records) that were accessible through the NLAI OPAC, named RASA. In this study, the data gathering methods were structured systematic observation and documentary approach. A checklist is used for data gathering, and a matrix is used to display the analyzed data.
FINDINGS:The results of the study showed that among the 544 relationship designators in appendices I, J, & M in RDA Toolkit (that includes 150 designators in appendix I, 346 designators in appendix J, and 48 designators in appendix M), 62 designators for appendix I, 175 designators for appendix J, and 48 designators for appendix M (In total, 285 designators) were detected in the selected NLAI metadata records. No relationship designators were detected in the selected NLAI metadata records in appendix I, for relationship designators related to "Publishers" and "Distributors" (in the Manifestation level), and in appendix J, for "Accompanying Manifestation Relationships". But other types of relationships were found to be existed.
In appendix I, the section of designators for "Publishers" and "Distributors" includes designators for non-book content objects (e.g. movies, radio & television programs, and so on) and don’t fit in the study population of this research, which are records of books. Therefore, it can be concluded that the study population has covered the variety of relationships provided for books in appendix I. The results also indicate the complete coverage of the relationship designators presented in Appendix M (subject relationships). In contrast, the study population does not provide a complete coverage of the relationships presented in appendix J (for "Accompanying Manifestation Relationships"). Finally, some of the limitations and drawbacks in the metadata records of the NLAI OPAC are mentioned.

The aim of this study is to find out the bibliographic relationships between the metadata records in the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) according to FRBR model, in order to represent the knowledge network of Iranian-Islamic publications. To achieve this objective, content analysis method was used. The study population includes metadata records for books in NLAI for four bibliographic families including The Quran, Nahj al-Balagha, Shahnameh, and Masnavi (a total of 28213 records) that were accessible through the NLAI OPAC. In this study, the data gathering methods were structured (systematic) observation and documentary method. A checklist is used for data gathering, and a matrix is used to display the analyzed data. The results of the study showed that all relationship types of the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model, except the “arrangement (music)” relationship from the section “Expression-to-Expression Relationships: between expressions of the same work”, were found in metadata records. Since the “arrangement (music)” relationship is used only for musical objects, it can be concluded that NLAI encompasses the entire range of the FRBR relationship types that provided for books. The results of this study can be useful to implement FRBR model in Iranian libraries, and also to design NLAI metadata ontology model and create and publish the NLAI ataset based on linked data method.

The present research has applied survey-analytical methodology in order to assess the effect of libraries of the Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy on promoting users' information literacy skills. Statistical population were 440 users (having the foundation degree or higher) among the public and scientific libraries of the Research Institute and 205 users have been selected by means of simple random sampling. A questionnaire which has been designed according to reliable references has applied for collecting data. Among 205 distributed questionnaires, 174 questionnaires have been completed by the users. Findings show that while technologies and facilities existed in the libraries of the Research Institute have an important role in promoting users' information literacy skills, librarians have a medium influence. Instructions to the users provided by the librarians are in a low level. Current shortages in the libraries have created many obstacles for promoting users' information literacy skills. In general, the assessment of the surveyed factors shows that the libraries of the Research Institute have some favorable influence on promoting users' information literacy skills. Also among the surveyed factors, the current shortages in the libraries have the most influence on promoting users' information literacy skills. Finally, some suggestions have been presented to the libraries of the Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture to improve the situation of effective factors on promoting users' information literacy skills.

The aim of this research was to find out the status of indexing and ranking MARCXML and DCXML metadata records based on the linking approach by Web search engines. 100 XML-based metadata records in two groups (50 DCXML metadata records in the first group and 50 MARCXML metadata records in the second group were analyzed through a comparative-analytical approach. The records were published on an independent website (http://www.aghaabedi.com), and were introduced to Google and Yahoo! search engines directly. Then using search strategies, the indexability and ranking of the published metadata records were examined. findings show all the metadata element values were indexed by Google and Yahoo!, and all the metadata records were ranked in the search results. Based on the research, all the metadata records are retrievable in Web search engines environment by the element values. There was no significant difference between two groups’ indexing and ranking. Implementing metadata records in XML syntax improves the indexability of them. This feature helps users to retrieve the content objects by Web search engines, but does not affect the ranking of the metadata records and the DCXML and MARCXML records were ranked equally.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran has had several impacts on the regional and international levels. The analysts have enumerated at least four main impacts: palpable and outstanding impact, consolidation and acceleration of the pace of Islamic political trends, reviving political Islamic ideology and thought, and preparing the grounds for some of the governments to suppress the opposition Islamic movements.Among the regional countries, Lebanon is the most suitable place for acceptance of revolutionary ideas. Despite the existence of several tribes in the complicated Lebanese society, every tribe in order to expert its influence needs tribal essential power as well as the support of one foreign power. The Shia in Lebanon during the course of history had never enjoyed the said factors to exercise power in Lebanon. Despite the efforts of Imam Musa Sadr to provide the Shias with the instruments of power, such problems as civil war and his disappearance caused a shortcoming among the Shias in their efforts to gain power. These developments occurred simultaneous with the victory of the Islamic revolution, and this coincidence raised their hopes in the future. The present paper is an attempt to study the impacts of the Islamic Revolution on the provision of power factors for the Lebanese Shias as well as the obstacles that the Shias face in this regard.