فهرست مطالب seyyed mehdi moussakazemi

Cultural tourism refers to a trip whose purpose is to experience and get to know the culture of a country or region. Cultural tourism is a great opportunity and a growing trend. At least 40% of all tourists around the world can be considered cultural tourists. Cultural tourism can help preserve tangible (material) and intangible (non-material) heritage in society. Cultural tourists travel to enjoy the history and heritage, culture, lifestyle, traditions, art, music, literature, architecture and religion of the destination. Traditional cultural tourists are attracted by major cultural sites and attractions. Gilan province is one of the provinces that, according to the published statistics of the national tourist census, nearly 28 to 30 million people travel to this province every year. According to the field observations, these tourists travel to this province with the aim of using the natural features. This is despite the fact that Gilan province, as one of the coastal provinces, in addition to its natural features, has many cultural, historical and even commercial attractions for planning in the tourism sector, which has received less attention from tourists so far. Examining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of urban tourism development with a cultural-historical approach in Gilan province is the subject of this research. The research questions are; what are the development strategies of urban tourism with a cultural-historical approach in Gilan province? What are the prioritizations of strategies in the development of urban tourism with a cultural-historical approach in Gilan province?

Cultural tourism refers to a trip whose purpose is to experience and get to know the culture of a country or region. Cultural tourism is a great opportunity and a growing trend. At least 40% of all tourists around the world can be considered cultural tourists. Cultural tourism can help preserve tangible (material) and intangible (non-material) heritage in society. Cultural tourists travel to enjoy the history and heritage, culture, lifestyle, traditions, art, music, literature, architecture and religion of the destination. Traditional cultural tourists are attracted by major cultural sites and attractions. Gilan province is one of the provinces that, according to the published statistics of the national tourist census, nearly 28 to 30 million people travel to this province every year. According to the field observations, these tourists travel to this province with the aim of using the natural features. This is despite the fact that Gilan province, as one of the coastal provinces, in addition to its natural features, has many cultural, historical and even commercial attractions for planning in the tourism sector, which has received less attention from tourists so far. Examining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of urban tourism development with a cultural-historical approach in Gilan province is the subject of this research. The research questions are; what are the development strategies of urban tourism with a cultural-historical approach in Gilan province? What are the prioritizations of strategies in the development of urban tourism with a cultural-historical approach in Gilan province?

The results obtained from the weighted average of the social items show that the item "the amount of tourists entering Gilan province" with the highest weighted average of 3.813 is in the first place, the item "the presence of security in the urban and rural areas of Gilan province" with the weighted average of 3.640 is in the second place and The item "Acquaintance of the native people of Gilan with cultural-historical monuments in Gilan province" with a weighted average of 3.360 is ranked third. The results obtained from the weighted average of the economic items show that the item "location of Anzali Free Zone in Gilan province" with a weighted average of 3.387 is in the first place, the item "low permanence of tourists in Gilan province" with a weighted average of 3.267 is in the second place and the item "existence of Businesses related to cultural-historical tourism" ranked third with a weighted average of 3.093. The results obtained from the weighted average of infrastructure-enjoyment items show that the item "prominence of natural features of the province with a weighted average of 4.20 is in the first place, and the item "Handicrafts of Gilan province" with a weighted average of 3.987 is in the Second place, and "local music of Gilan province" were ranked third with a weighted average of 3.853. The results obtained from the weighted average of policy-institutional items show that the item "Negative advertisements in mass media against Iran" with a weighted average of 3.933 is in the first place, the item "Approval of practical and up-to-date training for tourism graduates of the country" and the item "Compilation of laws of Written in order to maintain the security of foreign tourists" equally with a weighted average of 3.307 ranked second and the item "unsettled situation in the Middle East countries" ranked third with a weighted average of 3.293. From the intersection of the coefficients of the internal and external factors obtained in a coordinate system, the position of the superior strategy in the studied area is identified. Based on this, the offensive strategy shows the state of tourism in Gilan more than other strategies and is considered as the most effective strategy in the development of the province's tourism industry.

Cultural tourism is a great opportunity and a growing trend that can help preserve tangible and intangible heritage. As one of the coastal provinces, Gilan province, in addition to its natural features, has cultural and historical attractions for planning in the tourism sector. In this research, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing this type of tourism were analyzed with the SWOT model, and finally offensive strategies or SO were identified for the development of this type of tourism in Gilan province. When, according to the weighting and analysis by the SWOT model, the SO strategy is selected from among the 4 strategies, it means that in the phenomenon under investigation, there are so many strengths that one can easily take advantage of the previous opportunities by using them. The offensive strategies are: developing marketing and advertising programs (local, regional, national and international) for branding Gilan province as a cultural-historical provinceplanning to use the human resources of the host society (forming think rooms and using the ideas of tourism-hospitality graduates) in line with the development of cultural-historical tourism; Development of incentive schemes (tax exemptions - granting of facilities, etc.) to use local, regional and international investment opportunities; standardization of infrastructure as much as possible for the international registration of Gilan as a cultural-historical province; Developing joint training programs with leading countries in tourism education (to receive the most up-to-date practical training in the field of tourism and hospitality).

Considering the complexities and uncertainties that the 21st century city is facing today, the structural analysis of urban tissues and in this article the inefficient peripheral tissues of Ahvaz city as manifestations of urban poverty can improve the overall system and its quality that will be beneficial for urban planners and managers as well as for future residents. Therefore, the purpose of this article is structural analysis and recognition of the key and strategic factors of the urban poverty system of the inefficient marginal tissues of Ahvaz metropolis. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method, it is descriptive-analytical exploratory with a prospective approach. In order to determine the key variables (strategic drivers) of the urban poverty system, the mutual effects of the variables were estimated by 35 experienced experts in the form of a 49*49 matrix and analyzed through MICMAC software. The findings of the research show that due to the lack of influencing variables, the state of the poverty system in the target areas is unsustainable. Also, 9 strategic drivers can be identified: 1- low rent rate, 2- unemployment rate, 3- real dependency, 4- household dimension, 5- ratio of commercial use to total uses in the neighborhood, 6- availability of public services and facilities. 7- the rate of access to health care facilities, 8- the education of the head of the household, and 9- the area of the residential house (smallness). Also, in order to facilitate and speed up the implementation of the largest volume of the most important future, general and public measures, reforming the structures of urban poverty, upgrading and improving the state of the general system of poverty in the three economic, social and physical-environmental areas mentioned, as well as greater coordination in the inter-institutional relations of urban management In the target areas, the strategy of creating a neighborhood development center/institution with a focus on networking for sustainable community-oriented urban regeneration for entrepreneurship and empowerment; Creating balanced densities at the neighborhood level, reducing social damage, restoring the social dignity of neighborhoods; and renovation and improvement of the texture is suggested.

Cities are occupying more and more surface area of the planet every year, and to survive, consume more natural resources, and the other hand their emissions of waste, sewage, and carbon and greenhouse gases are increasing. But can the geographical context of cities be able to load and accept this level of development? Today, Environmental problems are the most important issue in the cities of developing countries, especially in Iran. The main purpose of this study is to introduce sustainability assessment model and policy making of urban spatial structure based on urban carrying capacity. Is the development of the spatial structure of Shiraz as the largest metropolis of the southern half of the country is coincident with regional and extra-regional functions with the geographical carrying capacity and spatial carrying capacity and has led to the development of a sustainable spatial structure or not? It seems that Shiraz is far from the indicators of a sustainable city.

This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method and because the results can be used to improve models and provide solutions in the field of urban development programs, it is a type of applied research. By examining different methods of assessing carrying capacity and by examining and matching the methods of evaluating the concept (urban carrying capacity) with the features and characteristics of the geographical context of Shiraz and also considering this basic concept in geography that places have unique properties. In explaining and selecting indicators and constructive factors, urban carrying capacity was used, and the best evaluation method was selected and compiled in the form of an analysis model according to the conceptual model and the features and characteristics of the spatial structure of Shiraz. After this stage, by field study and perception of the spatial structure of Shiraz and also collecting the required data for each of the indicators and factors of the conceptual model, the Sustainability of the spatial structure of the city was analyzed using Vensim software. In the end, according to the obtained results and using the opinion of experts and experts in urban planning, as well as interventors in the field of services and urban management familiar to the metropolis of Shiraz (including 15 people, 10 of whom have Ph.D. in the fields of urban planning and urban development and urban management, 5 people are senior experts in the these fields; five people are working as university faculty members, and the other ten people are working in the municipality and of Roads and Urban Development administrations) to determine planning priorities and provide the best solution and the solution for the development of the spatial structure of Shiraz in relation to the urban bearing capacity was discussed

The results of the model showed that the current development trend of Shiraz is completely out of urban carrying capacity and is contradict with the principles of sustainable development. To change the current trend, first, the economic policy of job creation was used. The results showed that this policy has the most impact on the model and has led to economic prosperity and increased GDP, but over time and with a delay, it leads to issues such as traffic, pollution, migration, water shortage, green space destruction, housing problems and so on. In order to mitigate these problems, simultaneous implementation of environmental policies will be inevitable. For this purpose, policies were adapted such as strengthening the culture of reducing per capita waste production and encourage the separation of waste from the source, car ownership reduction policies, and increase public transport capacity, increasing the rate of wastewater purification, with development of municipal wastewater collection infrastructure; reducing per capita water demand for green space, by increasing irrigation efficiency supply of water from purified water, reduce per capita household water consumption; completion of the water supply project from Dorodzan dam, in order to increase urban carrying capacity and contribute to the sustainable development of the spatial structure of Shiraz.

This research with an environmental approach and in order to achieve sustainable development in the urban planning process, provided a model to assess the carrying capacity of the urban environment, to be a basis for measuring the sustainable development of the spatial structure of the city. Since achieving an acceptable level of quality of life for citizens is the ultimate goal of urban planning, this quality can not be achieved except by using the resources and capacities of the environmental and the geographical context in which the city is located. If the process of using resources has a logical and principled course, achieving quality of life will be accompanied by sustainable development. On the other hand, if the use of resources and development load is more than the capacity of the environment, environmental sustainability is in danger. Knowing that the development process of the spatial structure of Iranian cities, especially Shiraz, is far from sustainable development patterns, this study tried to make the view of urban development more aware of the carrying capacity of the geographical context of Shiraz. The proposed model can be used as a basis for decision-making process of planning, development and management of Shiraz city, and in preparing development and development plans of the city, as well as strategic development plan of the city, decision-making institutions, including roads and urban planning, the municipality and the city council.

Improving the quality and living conditions of dysfunctional and inefficient urban tissues requires strategies appropriate to the condition and characteristics of each tissue. In the current research, the existing condition of the ineffective tissues of Neishabur city has been examined and compared from the physical aspect. These tissues have been studied in two separate categories, including middle tissue (historical) and marginal tissue. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The current situation has been analyzed and evaluated using the SWOT technique. Priority intervention strategies in context have been determined using experts' opinions. ACCEPT method and experts' opinions have been used to identify priority regeneration strategies. In the middle (historical) texture, seven strategies and in the marginal context four strategies have been determined as priorities. According to the desirability score, in the middle context, "activation of historical, cultural and religious resources and services of tourism in the context and around the existing elements", and in the marginal texture, "encouraging residents to document properties and units and providing facilities have been determined as the most important priorities of the physical dimension. The results show that the conditions of the dysfunctional tissues of Neishabur are different from each other in terms of the situation in the middle (and historical) and marginal tissues, and therefore it is necessary to adopt regeneration strategies that are appropriate to the conditions in each tissue.

To provide housing in Iran, in the Five-Year Development Plans after the Islamic Revolution, different policies have been made, each of which has had economic-spatial reflections on the development of cities and towns. The cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmed province have also experienced economic-spatial reflections under the influence of housing supply policies. This article aims to identify the economic-spatial reflections of the housing development policies on the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The executive policies of the government (including policies of PAK, Cooperative Housing, New Towns, Land Preparation, Lease on Condition of Ownership, Tall Building, Mehr Housing, and Social Housing) have been evaluated using the survey method. The tools of data collection are questionnaires and interviews with experienced and active experts in the field of housing in 18 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad province, which have been affected by housing policies. Due to the fact that the number of experts who have experience and are active in the field of housing and housing policies in the province and especially in the city of Yasouj is limited, a total of 20 experts (14 men and 6 women) in the field of housing, including 3 managers, 6 experts, 6 university professors, and 5 urban planning Ph.D. students were selected. The results of the research show that Mehr housing, in terms of paying attention to the economic characteristics of the poor, targeting and expanding mortgages, granting long-term and low-interest special loans and credits in accordance with the income of households, has the best performance and the most impact from the economic-spatial perspective in the cities of the province. Also, cooperative housing and Lease on Condition of Ownership are the most compatible with urban and regional economic conditions in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. According to the experts, the Mehr housing policy, Tall Building, PAK policy and the construction of new cities have had the same effects in terms of economic-spatial components, but they have statistically significant differences with other policies. Also, Mehr housing and social housing show the same effects.