shaghayegh vahdat

In today’s competitive organizational landscape, the significance of recruiting and developing competent human resources has become paramount. Organizations not only aim to select and attract capable and efficient personnel but also seek to enhance and expand their capabilities. Consequently, the concept of meritocracy has become a key concern for modern organizations. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing succession planning in the leadership of healthcare organizations in Iran.

This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis in 2020. The statistical population comprised key decision-makers and policymakers in successful and prominent Iranian organizations known for effective succession planning, such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and the public banking system. A total of 15 experts were selected through purposive and snowball sampling, with data collection continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were gathered through structured interviews, and the analysis and coding were performed using MAXQDA 11 software.

The study identified five main themes: alignment of strategic goals and needs analysis, strategic communication and organizational structure, talent identification and empowerment, development and excellence of qualified individuals, and monitoring of succession planning programs. These were further divided into 13 sub-themes.

Organizations and managers should provide comprehensive support and demonstrate commitment to the effective implementation of succession planning programs. This will lead to improved organizational decisions and policies, ensuring that competent and qualified individuals are placed in key positions. Additionally, this approach will enhance work quality, boost employee motivation, reduce resource wastage, and improve career advancement opportunities for staff.

As health resources face increasing constraints, the use of medical imaging services has risen significantly. On average, diagnostic services account for approximately 10% of total healthcare expenditures, and this figure is steadily increasing. This study aims to identify the causes of irrational utilization of medical imaging services and propose corrective measures.

This descriptive-survey research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a comprehensive literature review was performed using both international and national databases, covering the period from 1990 to November 2021. Relevant studies were identified using specific keywords. In the second phase, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed, and a series of in-depth interviews with experts and professionals were conducted. Data were analyzed using the six-step thematic approach by Braun and Clarke, utilizing MAXQDA software.

A total of 605 studies were initially identified, of which seven met the inclusion criteria after rigorous screening. In the second phase, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted, yielding 65 codes, which were organized into 12 themes. The identified themes included legal issues, conflict of interest, monitoring challenges, poor governance and stewardship, inappropriate policymaking and planning, financial incentives, inadequate service provision infrastructure, health culture, education and continuous training systems, financing and purchasing services, political factors, and inadequate insurance systems. Various strategies for controlling the inappropriate use of diagnostic and therapeutic services were proposed, including policy interventions, monitoring and evaluation, and training.

The irrational use of healthcare services is a significant challenge in many countries. Key contributing factors include incomplete insurance coverage, out-of-pocket payments by patients, defensive medical practices, and gaps in knowledge. Addressing these issues requires targeted interventions and reforms.

Economic evaluation evidence can improve policies and decision-making processes in medicine and health system, prevent wastage of resources caused by trial and error, and facilitate the patients' access to medications. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the feasibility of using economic evaluation evidence in the Iranian pharmaceutical sector.

In this qualitative study, 29 stakeholders selected by purposeful sampling were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The statistical population consisted of 29 experts in the fields of pharmacology, management, policymaking, and health economics. The inclusion criteria for participants included being employed in decision-making fields, having a minimum of a master's degree, as well as possessing sufficient and comprehensive knowledge of the subject matter. The interviews were analyzed adopting content analysis method, and the data were coded using the MAXQDA 11 software.

  In order to identify the obstacles and facilitators of the application of economic evaluation evidence in medicine and health system, the study findings were extracted from three main sections (i.e., characteristics of production and extraction of evidence and information, mechanisms and requirements of using evidence, opportunities and benefits of using evidence) and 11 sub-sections of the identification.

  In sum, implementing all identified facilitators and mechanisms needed to establish a robust foundation was found extremely important for correcting an economic evaluation and evidence-based management. Removing the obstacles to an evidence-based management was also found crucial for creating an enabling environment required to implement the evidence-based practices effectively and for facilitating the production and utilization of evidence sources.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors influencing the attraction of medical tourism in selected educational and therapeutic hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University in 1401.

This research was an applied research. 200 managers and employees of these hospitals were included in the study, and 127 of them were selected as samples based on Morgan's table. In this research, the researcher made a questionnaire with 24 questions taken from the background of the research and by confirming the validity and reliability to the amount of 0/711 and 0/802 Used. Exploratory factor analysis test, sample t-test and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS and PLS software were used.

In total, all factors with eigenvalues higher than one were able to explain 91.371 of the variance of 24 items related to the questionnaire. Considering that all values are higher than 0.7, therefore Cornbrash’s alpha of the research variables is confirmed. According to the AVE table, all structures are greater than 5. And as a result, the convergent validity of the model and the appropriateness of the fit of the measurement models are confirmed.

The investigations showed that the physical space of the hospital, the supporting infrastructure for foreign patients, the strengthening of the transportation system, the strengthening of marketing, the role of experienced medical staff, the quality of providing medical services, and the respect for the opinions of tourists are important in attracting tourists. Medical tourism has an impact.

Hospitals use natural resources; All of which have a negative impact on the environment. But they spread the concept of green hospital in the world by intelligent and sustainable use of natural resources. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of the green hospital standards in the hospitals of the Social Security Organization in 1401 in GGHH model.

research was applied, quantitative and descriptive with targeted sampling (manager, quality improvement, environmental/professional health) in social security hospitals (sample: 210). The questionnaire was researcher made and the statistical method is Shapiro-Wilks, Wilcoxon and Friedman test in SPSS (0.001: p-values).

Components with more than average (CI: 95%) are of sufficient importance. The effectiveness of components in the energy sector has the highest rating (20.27) related to the use of energy efficient devices and the lowest rating (7.09) related to the minimum use of artificial heating. The effectiveness of the components in the food sector is the highest rating (10.83) related to the use of reusable food containers and the lowest rating (4.79) related to the supply of food inside the hospital. The effectiveness of the components in the water sector has the highest rank (8.35) related to the use of wastewater recycling and the lowest rank (3.42) related to the use of "water curtain".

According to the findings of the current research, with optimal planning and provision of resources to the standards of the Green Hospital, the GGHH model was implemented in hospitals.

Nowadays, at the international level, it is necessary to use evidence in decision-making in the field of policy and planning of the health and medicine sector, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the status of management based on economic evaluation evidence in the field of medicine in the health system of Iran and selected countries.

This research is a comparative study that was conducted in 1401. The sampling was purposeful and the countries of Australia, England, Germany and Canada were compared in terms of the components of using evidence in the economic evaluation of the drug field. To collect data, reliable databases and other related sources were used in the field of the research topic. The findings were compared in the form of a comparative table.

The findings showed that producing and extracting evidence is mandatory in Canada, England and Australia and optional in Iran and Germany. Also, except for Australia and Canada, in other countries, evidence is not used to add drugs to the drug list. Also, there are standards and frameworks for producing evidence in all countries except Iran.

The results showed, designing an integrated model to reduce work parallelism, developing communication with research centers, determining principles and regulations for the production and application of evidence, strengthening the leadership, management and supervision of the health system in accordance with the state of the country and other countries with similar conditions are proposed.

Lack of financial protection in health is known as a disease of health systems. Households suffer not only from the burden of disease but also from the burden caused by the destruction and economic poverty, in other words, facing back-breaking costs and poverty caused by financing their health. The aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of different dimensions of inequality on the financial financing of household health.

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and applied study, which examines the impact of inequality on the financing of household health expenses. The research tool is the financing inequality questionnaire (2008) by Saito. All out-of-pocket costs related to inpatient care, outpatient care, diagnostic tests, and medical expenses due to illness have been estimated for one year. Experts have confirmed validity and reliability.

The dimensions of inequality among households in Tehran are higher than the average (1.329), which has a significant impact on the financing of household health expenses. The direct effect of justice on the financing of household health expenses is rejected. With the increase in the back-breaking cost, equal opportunity, economic status, insurance coverage, and financing of household health expenses increases. According to P<0.001 and P=0.005, the age of the head of the household is not related to justice and gender in the financing of household health expenses.

There is a direct relationship between back-breaking expenses, equal opportunity, economic status, insurance coverage, and financing of household health expenses.

Diagnostic and curative services are a major source of healthcare expenditures, indicating their potential to control such expenditures. This study aimed to evaluate appropriateness of medical imaging services and to provide policy options to address this challenge.

Following a systematic review design, international (Elsevier, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) and national (IranMedex, MagIran and SID) databases were searched from 1990 to November, 2021 using various combinations of the following keywords: Diagnostic imaging/Radiology, Medical Imaging, CT-Scan, Rational consumption, appropriateness, Health service misuse/Medical overuse, and services utilization. Google Scholar was also mined. STROBE checklist was used to evaluate the quality of articles.

Initially 605 articles were found, of which 22 were found as eligible. All studies mention various levels of inappropriateness of services (i.e., 21 to 76%), and mentioned different causes, including benefiting from complementary health insurance coverage, insufficient knowledge of providers, and various referrals of patients. The most widely mentioned solutions include training providers and establishment of a strong monitoring systems.

Inappropriateness of prescribed results in increased burden for health systems, health insurance funds, and providers. Also, this problem is not restricted to Iran and several high income countries with well-established health systems are also faced with this problem.

Patient participation in treatment decisions has been associated with improved treatment results. By checking the level of knowledge of patients and informing patients about the risks and benefits of treatment methods, the level of participation of patients in treatment can be checked. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the participation rate in the treatment of breast cancer patients. The current cross-sectional study was conducted in descriptive and analytical form in 2019. The statistical population includes 15 doctors who worked in the field of breast diseases and 300 patients with breast cancer who visited clinics and doctor's offices in the cities of Shiraz, Kerman, Rasht and Tabriz, who were selected by cluster random sampling. In order to measure the level of participation, a researcher-made questionnaire was used after validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software with the help of descriptive statistics and chi-square inferential tests. The findings of the research showed that patients' participation in treatment has a significant and direct relationship with age, education, duration of illness and income of patients (P value < 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, patient participation was reported in three areas (decision-making process (53%), doctor's practical behavior (67.6) and patient preferences (66.2)) and in general, the level of participation in the treatment of patients with Breast cancer was estimated at 52%. Empowering patients by increasing awareness about diagnosis and treatment, as well as covering breast cancer as a special disease and receiving treatment allowances, can help increase patient participation.

The ageing of the population lead to various problems in terms of health care. An important issue related to the promotion of elderly health is preventive care. The health care systems make appropriate changes in the structure and process of providing these services to the patients. This study aims to identify the most important factors of providing primary preventive care services to the elderly in Iran.

 In this descriptive-survey study, the variables were measured using a questionnaire and the causal relationships between them were identified. First, the factors affecting the provision of primary preventive care services to the elderly in selected countries including Iran were compared. Then, using the experiences of a panel of experts (n=12), an initial questionnaire was designed. To obtain consensus from the panel of experts, a Delphi process was carried out in three rounds. After determining the face and content validity of the questionnaire and assessing its reliability using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the questionnaire were completed by 176 experts. To measure the effect of the components on the main variable, the structural equation modeling (SEM) was used.

The model had 6 dimensions (planning, organizing, resource supply, monitoring, leadership, and preventive care). The factor load for the variable of planning was 0.68 (t=5.22); for organization, 0.56 (t=4.54); for resource supply, 0.47 (t=3.65); for monitoring, 0.59 (t=2.67); for leadership, 044 (t=3.05); and for preventive care, 0.650 (t= 3.85). Eight indicators were identified for the planning dimension, six indicators for the organization dimension, seven indicators for the resource supply dimension, seven indicators for the monitoring dimension, three indicators for the leadership dimension, and six indicators for the preventive care dimension.

Planning, preventive care, monitoring, organizing, resource supply, and leadership are the most important factors of the provision of primary preventive care services to the elderly in Iran. Development of infrastructure, scientific and practical measures, promoting the health culture, and the seriousness of the health system in using the existing capacities and facilities, can help increase the quality of life and reduce health costs and disease burden in the elderly.

 Advancing a culture of care greatness, at distinctive levels of management and care such as nursing management, has created way better desires and inspiration.

 To design a suitable model for measuring the quality of nursing services management in selected universities of medical sciences in Iran.

 This was exploratory mixed research. In the qualitative stage, the data collection tool was interview. Semi-structured interviews with 12 experts and university professors were used. Qualitative data is first collected, then, based on the findings of qualitative data, research tools are taken, and quantitative data are collected. Categories are extracted after implementing the discussions on paper, open coding (reading the data line by line, extracting the main concepts and sentences, forming the first categories and classes) and axial coding (data classification, subcategory specification, final class formation). In the next step, there is optional coding. The statistical population in this study is all nurses in Tehran, Kermanshah and Guilan, totally 255 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data in a quantitative phase. 152 completed questionnaires were collected from the samples. After collecting the questionnaires, it was statistically analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, and structural equation modeling (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 3 software was used to evaluate the research questions.

 Factors affecting the quality of nursing services management in Tehran, Kermanshah and Guilan Universities of Medical Sciences are: individual factors, educational factors, motivational factors, international factors, social factors, environmental factors, intra-organizational factors and technological factors.

 The Proposed model has a strong fit. Suggestions based on the research results are: Evaluation of training courses, repetition of skills in the program by the trainee should be predicted so that the skill in the person becomes a behavioral habit and, in fact, behavioral consolidation, repetition of skills in the program by the trainee should be so in order for a skill to become a behavioral habit in the individual and in fact to be behaviorally established, the difference between individuals must be identified.

This research aims to investigate managing information and planning for the participation of health charities. With the Covid-19 outbreak, it was important to use information systems to optimize health management. The correct processing of information is the basis for better use of health charities’ participation. Using the snowball technique, and semi-structured interviews, 47 experts and non-experts in Fars province were asked for their opinions. Next, based on the fuzzy network analysis, important factors were prioritized. Four categories and 8 important criteria were identified. To prioritize the effective aspects of the participation of health charities in Fars province, a network analysis technique was used via MATLAB software. Strategy and programs with a normal weight of 0.34 showed the highest priority. Research and education with a normal weight of 0.26 received the second priority. Laws and regulations with a normal weight of 0.24 were placed as the third priority. Based on the obtained results, creating strategy and planning, training and building culture in this field, ease of rules and regulations as well as planning of financial resources play an important role in managing the participation of health donors. With precise planning of health programs, donors see the transparency of decisions. They check the part that needs financing and equipment completion. Because the quality of plans and programs, the effectiveness and efficiency of strategies, and the quality of results depend on the decisions made by donors.

Substance use disorder has led to various psychosocial and health-relatedproblems worldwide. The solution for reducing negative consequences associated withsubstance use is Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This study aims to design amanagement model in the centers for substance use disorder treatment in Shiraz, Fars, 2019. This qualitative research is a grounded theory (GT) study using Strauss and Corbin’sstrategy for data collection. We used a theoretical approach of sampling and interviewed 21staff members of MMT centers. Data analysis was simultaneously done with data collection. After analyzing all the interviews, we defined treatment challenges as the central issuein MMT centers. Also, we determined causal conditions, context, and intervening conditions.Causal conditions include weakness in supervision, insufficient training, technicians’weaknesses, and underestimation of the importance of prevention. Poor teamwork, lack ofmotivation, and inappropriate personnel competency were among the interventional factors.We found that contextual factors were due to inefficient public policies, limitations in issuingnew licenses for new centers, and insufficient income centers. At last, we extracted the initialperformance management model. To sum up, people who apply for work in MMT centers must take specificpsychological tests before recruitment. To increase efficiency, MMT centers need financialand economic support. Developing more MMT centers and, at the same time, expandingrecovery programs such as social aid, psychotherapy, and medical care will help build ahealthy environment and encourage the abusers to return to everyday life.

In today’s societies, “health” is the inalienable right of all members of society and indicators showing health in society are important factors in showing the level of development of the country. The purpose of this study is to determine and prioritize the factors affecting financing in Iran.

This descriptive research is a survey method and in terms of implementation process, it has been done qualitatively and quantitatively. In this research, first with a qualitative approach and by theoretical and library studies, the financing model in the world health system was examined and then by comparative comparison and determining the points of difference and commonality, the main factors were identified. Then, using the opinion of experts, the researcher proceeded to prioritize the factors.

To investigate the research hypotheses, because the dimensions and components affecting health financing did not have the same rankings, as a result, prioritization was done in the field of contextual factors, instrumental factors, content factors and structural factors. The results showed that the central tax system with 4.451 points, the budgeting system with 4.420 points and the formulation of the financing plan with 4.368 points are the most influential components, respectively.

In the study of the studied countries and financing models and frameworks, the variables that had the highest frequency in the financing system included the variables of tax axis, integrated financial fund, subsidies, financial participation and protection of investment risks. It shows the emphasis of the mentioned models on the tax view along with investment. The results of this study show that in Iran, despite the existing insurance system, creating a mechanism in the tax system, budgeting system and formulating a financing plan with respect to sanctions and creating restrictions in the investment system in the health sector has the most importance and rank.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the participation of health donors in the direction of digital health developments. There are different types of this partnership, which necessitates the goal of this paper. This research has been done qualitatively and it is exploratory. Theme analysis technique has been used. Also, by examining different patterns related to charitable affairs in the country and abroad, a preliminary pattern was drawn by reviewing domestic and foreign studies. Using the snowball technique, 47 experts were selected in the qualitative section. Using semi-structured interview tools, 47 experts and philanthropists in Fars province were interviewed. The software used is ATLAS TI. Based on the results, 51 codes were identified. These 51 codes were divided into 8 categories of primary content. These 8 themes are codified plan and roadmap, interaction with donors in policy-making, providing legal facilities to donors, streamlining laws for donors, helping with education in the health sector, creating a culture for health, and spending financial resources in the sectors. Priority is given to costs in the prevention department commensurate with the treatment. Based on the designed model, creating strategy and planning, education and culture, ease of laws and regulations, as well as planning financial resources play an important role in managing the participation of health donors. With clear planning of health programs, benefactors see the clarity of decisions.

 The global shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases is a global problem that will reduce the quality of life and increase the need for services such as rehabilitation services and services related to disability. An important issue in relation to aging is preventive care and how it is managed in the world. This systematic review has conducted a comparative study on the management of preventive healthcare for the elderly in the world.

 This is a review study that was done comparatively in 2020. This study was conducted to model the existing policies and programs for the care of the elderly in the countries. To collect data, Persian and international databases as well as Google Scholar scientific search engine were used using appropriate keywords, and finally 200 suitable articles were identified. The studies were categorized and their management system was evaluated and differences and similarities were determined while comparing.

In the present study, it was found that 50% of the surveyed countries had insurance coverage for the elderly. 64% of the countries, management and organization of health prevention services at the national level, 7.5% local, 21.4% state-federal and 7.1% national. It was local. How to finance the provision of services for the elderly in 50% of the countries surveyed through taxes, 14.2% premiums, 7.1% national health system, 7.1 individual reserve funds and the rest of the countries through the payment of the federal government, health insurance and etc. In 50% of the surveyed countries, the providers of first level services were the public sector, 28.5% of the private sector and the rest of the countries were municipalities, government, etc.

The systems of elderly support and primary healthcare are intertwined in the main health system and function similar to the primary healthcare system of the country.

The present study aimed to determine the causes of patients' readmission in hospitals affiliated to Bam University of Medical Sciences in 2019.

The current study was a descriptive-analytic study and the study population included patients readmitted in Pasteur Hospital in Bam, Javad Al-Aimeh Hospital in Narmashir, and Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani Hospital in Regan in 2019. The samples consisted of 312 patient records which were chosen randomly. Data were collected by a checklist and were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and descriptive and analytical tests (Chi-square and one-way analysis of variance).

The results showed that the internal medicine department received 34% of readmissions. The average readmission cost was 17,265,353 Rials. The most common reasons for readmissions were having a new disease (46.2 percent) and recurrence of the former disease (39.8 percent). Findings of inferential statistics revealed no significant relationship between the causes of readmissions and gender (P = 0.566), age (P = 0.065), or costs (P = 0.625), but there was a significant relationship between the causes of readmissions and marital status (P = 0.049) and married people had more readmissions than single people.

It is necessary to pay more attention to readmissions caused by disease recurrence. It is also possible to prevent such readmissions and improve the quality of medical services by standardizing hospital processes and tools, standardizing staff training, and employing new diagnostic and treatment methods.

Background and Objectives :

Public-private partnerships can lead to increased efficiency, equity, accountability, quality and access to services in the health system. The aim of this study was to explore the opinion of health system managers about the advantages, disadvantages and barriers of public-private partnership in the provision of primary health care services.

Material and Methods: 

We used both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the opinion of experts about the objectives of the study. First of all a literature reviewe was done to identify the problems and challenges of public-private partnership in the health sector in the year 2020. Based on the literature review and interviews conducted with experts, a two-part questionnaire was developed to collect data. The sample for the interviews was selected by snowball method until saturation was reached. After the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were established, the questionnaire was completed by 100 health managers. The collected data were analyzed using Stata software version 14.

Results:

The most important benefits of public-private partnership in providing primary health care services from the point of view of health managers include providing financial resources for health services plans with an average of 4.02 (SD 1.00) , as well as the high technical and managerial efficiency in the private sector with an average of 3.90 (SD 0.60). Lack of full coverage of primary health care services and incomitment to social justice with an average score of 3.99 (SD 0.92) as well as the inadequate job security of human resources in the private sector with an average score of 3.97 (SD 0.9) were found as the most important disadvantages of partnership of public-private. It was revealed that the major barriers hindering public-private partnership in service delivery include "legal, and monitoring shortcomings alongside hampering rules and regulations in partnership with the private sector" with a mean score of 4.06(SD 0.60), "reluctance of health managers for risk-taking when in partnership with the pivate sector "with a mean score of 4.05 (SD 0.61) and" Insufficient expertise of government managers regarding knowledge of partnership with the private sector "with a mean score of 4.04 a(SDf 0.53).

Conclusion: 

It seems that managers' attention to the disadvantages of partnership, such as lack of full coverage of services and withdrawal from social justice, etc., can pave the way for developing much clearer and smoother public-private sectors’ partnerships.

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies that affect the jaw, as well as the most common defects related to the lips and palate.

This study investigated the economic, social, and family factors affecting cleft palate.

PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and “SID” databases were used to investigate the correlation between births of children with cleft lip and palate and economic and social factors of the family. Finally, the most relevant titles and abstracts of articles were chosen to write this article.

Findings and Conclusion:

In the present study, 13 studies were reviewed, and various factors were evaluated. The results showed a correlation between consanguineous marriage, genetics, smoking, no consumption of folic acid, increasing maternal age, poverty, and low education.

Municipality is one of the most important urban institutions with which citizens necessarily communicate. Municipality, with it is long-term management and planning, can identify the primary and secondary needs of citizen whereby the security of urban life can be guaranteed. In the realm of health and its enhancement, municipalities can potentially play an important role. The main goal of this study is to propose a model for municipalities’ participation in health promotion projects in urban settings in Iran. In this study both qualitative and quantitative approaches are utilized. In the first step, dimensions, components, and indices of a questionnaire are identified by interviewing members of the expert group and implementing Delphi technique in three stages. Subsequently, using the survey method, research toolkits were distributed among the members of the sample group. Finally, a model for municipalities’ participation in health promotion projects in urban settings was proposed and was compared to other models exercised in other countries.The results of structural equations indicated that the municipal participation model in health promotion projects in Iran has six main dimensions: urban planning improvement, living conditions improvement, democratic and collaborative governance, safety in face of disastrous and emergency events, creating age-friendly cities, and public health improvement. The improvement of living conditions with a coefficient of 0.96 is the most significant dimension. According to the findings of this study, the role of municipalities in public health promotion in Iran is quite negligible. Overall, this study suggests that municipalities should enhance their involvement in public health promotion particularly in terms of improving living conditions.

Health promotion services has a significant impact on health system, and hospitals are the best places for health promotion and preventive services. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of implementation of standards and activities of health promotion in hospitals (HPH) in four areas of health promotion.

This was a descriptive-survey study, and the research environment of hospitals in Golestan Province, Iran. The managers, authorities, and experts being in contact with the process of HPH standards and activities (n = 80) were our sample population. A researcher-made questionnaire was employed to gather data, and analysis was performed using one-sample t-test.

Standards and activities were implemented in hospitals with good and desirable level in the dimensions of staff (6.01) and patients (5.60), and moderate level in the dimensions of environment (4.22) and society (4.03); the efficacy was in a significant level (P < 0.01). Moreover, the comparison of dimensions with Friedman test showed that the dimension of the staff and society had the highest and lowest level of implementation.

Some of the standards and activities of the health promotion hospital are being carried out in hospitals. Therefore, achieving and fully implementing of these standards and activities for improving the quality of health services and improving the situation of hospitals require to encourage policymakers and healthcare managers, create consistent policies for the knowledge promotion and train of health promotion skills (patients, staff, and community), and promote health centers and turn it into a healthy work environment, cooperation, coordination, and interaction with all stakeholders (internal and external).

Evaluation in hospitals is a necessity in the way of promoting the health of the community and requires valid and reliability instruments. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing and psychometrics "Evaluation Criteria for Health Promoting Hospitals Scale".

The present research is methodological. Initially, a comprehensive review of the research topics included documents, service providers at hospital management levels, all published library documents, and national strategic documents in the field of hospital health promotion and Social Security documents. The " Evaluation Criteria for Health Promoting Hospitals Scale" was then developed with 72 items. Face validity, content validity ratio, and content validity index were measured by a survey of 10 experts. Construct validity (factor analysis) was determined by distributing the scale between 272 samples. Reliability was measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient with 15 participants and composite reliability. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 21 and LISREL.

The " Evaluation Criteria for Health Promoting Hospitals Scale" was developed with 68 items, 11 components (in 3 structural, process and consequential dimensions). The ratio of content validity, content validity index and construct validity was confirmed. Reliability was performed by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient and its value was 0.758 for structural dimension, 0.895 for process dimension and 0.924 for consequential dimension. 

The "Evaluation Criteria for Health Promoting Hospitals Scale” with 68 items, 11 components (in 3 structural, process and consequential dimensions), has a high validity and reliability. It is recommended to use the above scale to evaluate health promotion hospitals.

Designing and constructing hospitals using green approach, renewable resources reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, and improve environmental air quality. The purpose of the present study was to determine Green hospitalchr('39')s criteria in Fars province, Southwest of Iran, 2019.

In the Qualitative study, first, the criteria were identified systematically. Then, the criteria for establishing a green hospital were determined by content analysis and software methods. Then, for localization, using the Delphi method, the effective criteria for establishing a green hospital in Fars province were selected. Thirty experts in the field were selected using purposive sampling. Excel 2016 software was used for analysis.  This study was a  mixed-method study that was conducted from 2018 to the first half of the year 2019. At first, the criteria were identified by the systematic review method, and then the data extraction was analyzed using the content method. Finally, the criteria identified by the questionnaire were provided to 30 health experts. Experts were selected by purposeful sampling. In the present study, Excel 2016 software was used for analysis.

Green Hospitalchr('39')s criteria were 72 criteria out of 21 common angles in the systematic review stage. In Fars province, 34 criteria in 13 dimensions of site stability, construction stage (architecture), environmental quality, management, resources, bio purchase, Experts selected energy efficiency, water, wastewater, waste and waste recycling, transportation, healthcare, and innovation. The most important aspects for Fars province are the management costs.

The approved criteria for Fars province, as well as other valid models in the field of the green hospital, management, water efficiency, and energy, were approved. In general, the reasons for choosing approved dimensions can be due to the various models emphasizing these dimensions and the relevance of dimensions to hospitalschr('39') challenges.

The importance of evidence-based strategic decision making in hospitals has led to the aim of this study to develop and implement evidence-based strategic decision-making in hospitals in Tehran.

The present study was a mixed exploratory research conducted in the field. The qualitative community included academic experts. Also, the quantitative community includes the managers of selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The research tools included interviews and questionnaires. The statistical method used in this study was structural equations with partial least squares method.

The results showed that eight factors (knowledge, judgment, experience, context, managerial preferences and values, stakeholder preferences and values, ethical considerations, and organization plans) were used as proponents of strategic decision-making development. The evidence was identified in Tehran hospitals. The results of the present model showed that all factors influence the development of evidence-based strategic decision making in hospitals in Tehran, with the most influential context being 0.224. Also the results of model fit indices showed that the model presented in the present study has a good fit.

According to the results of the present study, the causative agent was identified as the most important factor in the development of evidence-based strategic decision making in hospitals in Tehran, which indicates the importance of paying attention to these factors in hospitals.

Designing and constructing hospitals using green approach leads to the reduction of energy consumption and carbon emissions, and improvement of indoor air quality and the environment. The purpose of the present study is to prioritize the criteria for green hospital deployment model in Fars province.

This studywhich included identifying criteria systematically, categorizing criteria for green hospital deployment, and agreeing on the most important criteria affecting green hospital deployment using Delphi method was conducted with 30 hospital experts in the field under study in two stages of Delphi and sampling using snowball method. Priority and relevance of variables have been discussed using dimethyl.

In the systematic review phase, the criteria for green hospital were 72 criteria out of 21 common patterns/models in the world. In Fars province, experts selected 34 criteria from 13 dimensions. Based on experts’ view, the most important dimensions in Fars province are management, water consumption, health care and treatment. Management dimension having the highest weight and being the most influential among the 13 dimensions of green hospital indicates the significance of managers' role in executing green hospitals.

Green hospitals have an impact on healthcare industry and people. In this regard, the strategic role of managers in today's hospitals affects the environment while increasing costs in increasing the disease burden. It is also important to use modern methods and creativity in establishing green hospital standards.