فهرست مطالب shooshtari

In this paper, the vibration characteristics of GFRP-stiffened pipes, in intact and cracked conditions are investigated. The results have different applications, which the most important ones are optimized designs of such pipes and diagnosis of the damage in them. Therefore, by Love theory, governing equations of motion for the GFRP-stiffened pipes were obtained. Having obtained characteristic equation, the natural frequencies of the problem were calculated for intact case. Then by modeling a sample of these pipes in the ANSYS software and using Modal analysis, natural frequencies and related mode shapes due to finite element method were calculated in cracked and intact conditions. Then by using the experimental modal analysis method, the natural frequencies of a sample, which was built similar to these pipes, were obtained in cracked and intact conditions. The results of the analytical method, finite element method, and the experimental modal analysis were compared and it was shown that the results have a good compatibility. The same process was performed on carbon fiber composites.

This study explored the patterns of evaluative language in applied linguistics blurbs to see how attitude is reflected in these advertising texts. Following a qualitative approach, the study was informed by pragmatic and discourse-semantic perspectives in exploring the overall structuring of blurbs. Findings indicated that blurbs are frequently charged with appreciation as a category of attitude in the appraisal framework. Graduation as another element in the appraisal framework was also found to be employed both as intensification and quantification. With respect to the communicative settings of blurbs, it was found that blurbs are mainly constructed monologically. Meanwhile, results also showed that blurbs are logogenetically constructed due to the interpersonally prosodic flow of attitudinal resources across the whole components of blurbs. The study concluded that blurbs are logogenetically constructed by means of the monologic pressure of attitudinal resources for increasing the impact of persuasion as the primary tool of advertising discourse in blurbs.

Modal parameter identification of structures is of significant importance in many fields of civil and mechanical engineering. Output-only modal identification methods have gained great attention of civil engineers community in recent years. The algorithms estimating the dynamic parameters (natural frequencies, mode shape vectors and modal damping ratios) of structures just based on the output responses, became popular as operational modal analysis (OMA) or output-only modal analysis or ambient vibration analysis. In the context of OMA, the force acting on the structure should be stochastic, smooth and broadband and there is no need to measure it. Therefore, these methods are appropriate for identification of huge and complex civil structures. One of the most well-established and popular methods of OMA is frequency domain decomposition (FDD) proposed by Brincker et al. Estimation procedure of FDD is based on singular value decomposition of power spectral density matrix of structure responses. Then, the single degree of freedom spectral bell is obtained using modal assurance criteria (MAC) and transformed to correlation function of corresponded degree of freedom by inverse Fourier transform. Later, Brincker et al. presented the enhanced frequency domain decomposition (EFDD) method to estimate not only modal frequencies (with higher accuracy in the comparison with FDD) and mode shapes, but also modal damping ratios. Despite the high capability of EFDD in frequency and mode shape estimation, it still suffers from some limitations in identifying modal damping ratio. This paper first aims to investigate the modal parameters identification by EFDD and explains its merits and demerits and then proposes in-operation modal appropriation (INOPMA) algorithm for use with EFDD to improve the modal damping estimation. The key idea of INOPMA is to realize that the correlation sequence of the system output (subjected to random input) is the sum of decaying sinusoids with a certain phase shift and therefore it may be considered as an impulse response. The convolution of this correlation sequence with a pure sine wave allows the isolation of the mode at a characteristic frequency which depends on the modal damping ratio. By using a force in quadrature of phase with a sine wave, it is possible to estimate the damping ratio which in turn allows the estimation of the undamped natural frequency. In fact, modal damping ratios are first estimated by INOPMA and natural frequencies are then identified based on damping ratio values. By 70 times simulation of a four-story shear frame, capability of proposed method is validated for damping estimation through EFDD analysis. The results are then compared with the ones derived from the typical EFDD method. Regarding randomness of input force, different results are obtained by each new simulation run. So, the comparison process should be performed based on several numbers of simulations. The number of simulation was adopted in a way that the mean or variance of estimated modal damping ratios converges to a constant value. The relative error (the exact value minus the estimated value over the exact value) and variance of the set of the estimated modal dampings are regarded as comparison indexes. Finally, it is shown that by proposed method, the damping ratios are estimated with much less variance and error.

Ferulago angulata (Known in Iran as Chavir) is an endangered species with Anti fugal and anti-bacterial activity that can act as a natural preservator.
Evaluation the effect of in vitro culture conditions and plant growth regulators on somaclonal variation and the phytochemical content of in vitro regenerated plants.
Induced calli were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) for regeneration stage. The essential oils were extracted by Clevenger apparatus and the yield and composition of essential oils were assayed by GC/Mass. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), Start codon Targeted (SCoT) and CAAT Box Derived Polymorphism (CBDP) markers were used to assess somaclonal variation.
The highest callus formation was obtained via radicle explant in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1mg/L BAP. Maximum percentage of regeneration was occurred via derived calli from hypocotyl in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L BAP and 0.5 NAA. The phytochemical assay revealed a considerable differences between natural habitats and in vitro regenerated plants. The percentage of α-Pinene in plants derived from natural habitats and in vitro conditions were 27 and 1.53 respectively. The yield of essential oils were 2.26 and 0.64 (ml/100g D.M.) in natural habitats and in vitro regenerated plants respectively. The result of PCR assay indicated genetic variation between tissue cultured samples.
The results indicated that in vitro culture conditions had a considerable effect on genome and metabolome of Ferulago angulate.

This study examined academic articles and journalistic reports in 5 disciplinary areas to explore how similar contents might attitudinally be realized in two different genres. To this end, 25 research articles and 210 news reports were carefully selected and underwent detailed discourse semantic and grammatical analyses with the purpose of identifying the evaluative linguistic patterns. The findings showed that academic texts are attitudinally charged with appreciation rather than other categories of attitude. This suggests that markers of appreciation are responsible for detachment, impersonality, and objectivity. On the contrary, notwithstanding the frequent use of appreciation in journalistic texts, other categories of attitude (affect and judgment) are also effectively used. This suggests that affective and judgment markers account for the subjectivity of journalistic texts. One of the findings emerging from this study is that frequent instances of appreciation in the different parts of an RA might be attributed to the development of language use within an individual which does not lead to lowering the level of objectivity in academic texts but enhancing interpersonal communication.

ABSTRACT: In this study, free vibration of a two-layered smart rectangular plate composed of a singlewalled carbon nanotube-reinforced layer and a magnetoelectroelastic layer are investigated. Carbon nanotubes are distributed uniformly along the thickness of the composite layer. The temperature of the environment changes uniformly. The plate is simply-supported and subjected to electric and magnetic loadings. First-order shear deformation theory is used to determine the equations of motion of the plate, and Gauss’s laws for electrostatics and magnetostatics are used to model the magnetoelectric behavior of the plate. By defining the generalized displacements of the plate in double Fourier series form and then by using orthogonality principle of trigonometric functions, the partial differential equations of motion are transformed into a set of algebraic equations in terms of the natural frequency of the plate. Therefore, an analytical relation is obtained for the fundamental natural frequency. After validation of the proposed model, some examples are presented to investigate the effects of several parameters on the free vibration response of this smart plate.

In this paper, the vibration and instability analyses of a thin-walled smart cylinder subjected to the combined electro-thermo-mechanical loadings as well as internal fluid flow are investigated based on piezoelasticity theory and nonlinear Donnell’s shell theory. The cylinder material is considered to be made of piezo-ceramics as PZT4 to have a better resistance to the fluids. The fluid flow is assumed to be incompressible, inviscid, irrotational and isentropic where its mathematically modeling is performed based on a potential scalar function. The higher order governing equations of motion are directly obtained by minimizing the energy of the system, using Lagrange equation of motions and modal expansion analysis. The obtained governing equations are then solved via the state space problem as well as fourth order numerical integration to obtain the nonlinear electro thermodynamical response of the system. In the numerical results section, the effects of various parameters such as mean flow velocity, aspect ratio, temperature change and excitation frequency on the natural and damping frequencies, electro-thermo-dynamical response and energy spectrum of the system is studied in detail.
It is hoped that the results of this study play an important role to design new instability alert sensors for fluid conveying pipes.

In this paper, linear and nonlinear free vibration of one functionally graded magnetoelectro- elastic rectangular plate is studied. The boundary conditions in all side of plate have been considered as simply supported. Also the equations of motions have been derived calculation the kinetic energy and potential energy based on the third order shear deformation theory using Hamilton principle. Considering the top surface of the plate as an pizeomagnetic material and the bottom surface as a piezoelectric material, the bottom and upper surfaces of the plate are subjected to electric and magnetic potentials. The electric and magnetic behaviors of the plate are modeled by using Gauss’s laws. Then, the equations of motions have been transformed from partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations by using Galerkin Method. Then, Using Lindeshtot- Poincare method a closed form expression for linear and nonlinear natural frequency has been obtained. for validation of the proposed model, some numerical examples have been presented and comparisons between the obtained results with the results in literature have been down. It is shown that good agreement exist between obtained results and previous works. Then, to study the effects of several parameters on the nonlinear vibration response of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic rectangular plates

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is caused by corona viruses. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major cause of economic losses in poultry and can be involved in respiratory disease, nephritis, and both poor egg production and quality by reproductive tract infection. IBV has many serotypes that do not confer cross protection against each other. The aim of this study was conducted to detect IBV serotypes in broiler chicken farms of Guilan province were involveled with clinical signs respiratory disease. In the present study, tracheal and lung tissue samples were collected randomly from 28 broiler chicken farms with respiratory signs. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method was done after extraction of RNA virus from samples for diagnosis of IBV. 20 flocks (70%) out of 28 flocks were positive. Nested- PCR method was performed for detection of 3 serotypes of IBV (Mass, 793/B and D274) by using of specific primers. The results showed that 13samples (65%) belonged to Mass serotype, 7 samples(35%) to 793/B and both of Mass, 793/B serotypes were detected from 2 samples (10%), but in all of samples D274 serotype was not detected. In conclusion, for the best immunity against IB in broiler flocks of Guilan province, using of 2 serotypes (Mass, 793/B) in vaccination programs with biosecurity in farms are recommended.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV/GD) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease and important immunosuppressive pathogen of chickens and pullets worldwide. The aim of this research was the molecular detection of Gumboro strains in clinical cases of broiler chickens in Guilan province. On the basis of clinical signs and postmortem findings, 4 flocks (10%) out of 40 flocks were suspected to Gumboro disease. RNA was extracted from fabricious bursal samples of 4 flocks and RT-PCR was performed. IBDV was detected in every 4 flock samples as evidenced by amplification of 643 bp fragment of the very variable region of VP2 gene. The authenticity of the amplicons was further confirmed by Nested-PCR generating 552-bp amplicons using specific primers. To distinguish the viral virulence, PCR products of positive samples were digested with two restriction enzymes (SacI and BspMI ) and results were recorded. Results showed that vvIBD was detected in all 4 flock bursal samples. In conclusion, in spite of redction in incidence rate of Gumboro clinical signs in recent years, passage of vvIBD virus in chicken flocks are observed. Future study on subclinical Gumboro diseases detection in early age of broiler flocks are recommended.

In this paper, nonlinear free vibration of magneto-electro-elastic rectangular thin platebased on classical plate theory is investigated. The plate is supported by a nonlinear foundation and simply-supported boundary condition is assumed along all edges. The plate is considered in two forms; uniformly distributed one-layered plate and the functionally graded one. The plate is subjected to electric and magnetic potentials between top and bottom surfaces. Equations of motion of this smart plate are obtained by using classical plate theory along with the Gauss laws for electrostatics and magnetostatics. Then the partial differential equations has been converted to an ordinary differential equation using Galerkin method. The obtained nonlinear equation of motion is solved analytically by using multiple time scales method and an analytical relation for nonlinear natural frequency has been obtained. The accuracy of this relation has been validated by comparing the results of literature.Using this relation, the effects of several parameters like plate's dimension, foundation parameter and electric and magnetic potentials on the nonlinear response of the plate are studied.

Avian pneumovirus (APV) causes upper respiratory tract infection in chickens and turkeys. APV infection in chicken flocks gives rise to considerable economic losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of APV in broiler flocks at slaughtering ages by Elisa method and detection it as a factor in the respiratory disease by molecular method. Total of 460 serum samples from 29 broiler flocks at slaughtering ages and from clinical samples (tracheal swabs, tracheal and lung tissues) of 71 broiler chicken flocks with respiratory signs and swollen infraorbital sinuses were collected. The serological results showed that 16 flocks (%55) were positive to APV infection, RNA was extracted from clinical samples and RT-PCR based on viral N gene sequence specific primer was performed. The molecular results revealed that 17(%24) out of 71 broiler flocks were positive in the amplification of a DNA band of 115 bp. This study was the first report of APV infection in broiler chicken flocks of Guilan province. Conclusively, based on results of this study APV infection is widespread in chicken flocks of Guilan and more attention should be paid to this virus, due to its effect on chicken's performance.

Propose of this paper are the determination of material and thickness of brush of potentiometer of XU7 engine and solving the defect of poor functioning. The contact force value of potentiometer is an important design parameter. Hence, the static analysis is performed at first for determination of the material and the thickness of the brush providing the desired force. Then an experimental method is used for verifying the results. Potentiometer functioning is investigated at dynamic mode using signal processing methods. Therefore, the output signal of some of the normal and defective potentiometers with different materials and under different working condition and cycles are recorded. A feature vector is defined for each signal. This feature vector has four elements that the first element is achieved using principle component analysis. The other elements are kurtosis, skewness and mean of the signal. Using these feature vectors and their classes, a classifier is developed for recognition of normal and defective components.

The pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae), is a polyphagous fruit pest in many tropical and subtropical regions. E. ceratoniae is the major pest of pomegranate orchards in Iran. PFM eggs are laid on or near the calyx, through which second or third instar larvae moving toward the center of it and consuming the interior tissue and seeds of the fruit. It is the most important reduction factor of quantitative and qualitative pomegranate yield in this country and its average damage is about 25%. Synthetic sex pheromone has been widely used for monitoring, timing spray and controlling methods. Insect sex pheromone traps, were used to determine the population density of the pest. In this study, the efficacy of sex pheromone traps, including trap type, height of trap, color of trap, trap situation, dose response, pheromone durability and host effect were studied.
For this purpose, seven series of field experiments were conducted in pomegranate orchards and the factors affecting the efficiency of pheromone traps including trap type and color, the height and situation of the trap, dose response, durability and effectiveness of pheromone trap host, were investigated in Tange-Siab (Koohdasht region) of Lorestan province (longitude 33°23″, latitude 47°12″, height of 856 meters above sea level). The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in early August to early September 2010-2011 years. To conduct research, a homogeneous garden (uniform age, variety and gardening conditions) was selected. The distance between the blocks was at least 100 meters. Each week, treatments situation on the block were determined by lottery and then were replaced. Data was analyzed based on a completely block randomized design using SAS software. Mean comparison was done using Duncan's test.
The results showed that, the delta trap was the best type, so it was captured 0.38 PFM moth/day and the tube and funnel traps have the minimum captures (0.13 PFM moth/day). Due to the possibility of passing air through delta traps and increasing the length of the tunnel pheromone, distribution of the pheromone molecules and as a result, insect attraction was more in delta trap compared to the other forms those. The comparison of trap heights showed that, height of 1.5 meter has the maximum capture (0.2 PFM moth/day) and height of 2.5 meter has the minimum capture (0.11 PFM moth/day). This phenomenon may be occured because of increasing altitude in which wind speed increases and pheromone molecules are transferred to further distance and so, moths are more exposed to them. The study on trap color showed that, white color was captured the highest moth (0.28 PFM moth/day) and black cone was captured the lowest moth (0.10 PFM moth/day). The studying on trap situation indicated that, south situation was captured the highest moth (0.25 PFM moth/day) and north one was captured the highest moth (0.12 PFM moth/day). The comparison of dispenser number in trap showed that, two pheremone dispensers trap (0.48 PFM moth /day) and control (0.04 PFM moth/day) treatments had the maximum and minimum captures, respectively. It was also found that the two dispensers in each trap had the best performance in the moth capturing. In other words, with the gradual increase of the pheromone concentration using two dispensers, the more insects were attracted, but less than tow dispensers per trap, the number of trapped moths decreased. The findings about the durability of sex pheromone illustrated that the best time intervals to change the pheromone dispenser are once a week (0.3 PFM moth/day). The results revealed that, changing of dispensers on 7th or 14th days, had the best performance in the moth capture. Also, the results showed that, the trap installation on wooden base was the best choice with capturing of 0.67 PFM (moth/day). It was found that, different kinds of shape and kairomones of the trees were not effective in attracting male insects.
As a result, the most suitable conditions for the usage of synthetic pheromone trap of pomegranate fruit moth, delta-type trap with color white which was set in the pomegranate trees south and 1.5 meter height. Two pheromone dispensers per trap were the best and the best time to replace pheromone dispenser was two weeks. The effect of trap place on the attraction of moth insects showed that trap, set on wooden base, had the highest efficiency.

Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent which, in high doses, causes liver and kidney necrosis in man and animals. Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is a colorful and cheap plant that used often instead of saffron. In this study, protective effects of Carthamus tinctorius L. aqueous extract on acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in mice were investigated.
In this experimental study, forty adult NMRI male mice were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 (control group) received normal salin for 15 days. Group 2 received 300 mg/kg Carthamus tinctorius L. extract for 15 days. Group 3 received normal salin for 15 days and 500 mg/kg acetaminophen was given in 15th day. Groups 4 and 5 received daily 150 and 300 mg/kg Carthamus tinctorius L. extract for 15 days, respectively, and acetaminophen was also given in 15th day. In 16th day, blood samples were taken for BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), Cr (Creatinine) and Uric acid tests, and the mice kidneys were removed for histopathology assessments.
Acute renal necrosis and BUN, Cr and Uric acid levels were significantly increased in acetaminophen treated mice (P Carthamus tinctorius L. extract have protective effects on acute renal injury induced by acetaminophen.

Medical discourse has recently attracted much scholarly attention. However, few studies have concentrated on both the overall rhetorical structure of the research article (RA) and the specific lexicogrammatical features of the texts, particularly English-Persian contrastive studies on medical RAs. Relying on Nwogu’s (1997) framework, the present study aimed at providing a macroanalysis of the Introduction sections of 3 groups of texts, namely medical RAs written and published in international English journals, those written in English by Iranian writers and published in Iran, and those written and published in Persian in Iran. Results of the quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that the Introduction sections of the 3 groups are similar regarding their move frequency and occurrence, but the realization of these 3 moves in terms of metadiscourse markers was radically different in these 2 languages, although the identified metadiscourse markers were not move-specific. Findings could be of help to Iranian scholars active in publishing English journals.

Internal combustion engine is one of the vibration sources in an automotive. In this study, proper stiffnesses for engine mounts of national engine are determined to improve its vibration behavior. At first, complete mode decoupling about torque roll axis is considered. However, the results show that complete decoupling is impossible. Therefore, partial mode decoupling is performed about torque roll axis. In this regard, an optimization problem is solved to achieve maximum percentage of mode decoupling about the mentioned axis. Finally, frequency response diagrams for displacement and rotation of engine, as well as, for transmitted force to the chassis are presented for nominal and optimized stiffnesses. The obtained results show that the engine movements and transmitted force to the chassis are reduced and therefore vibration behavior of the engine mounting system is improved by employing the mentioned partial mode decoupling.

This research was undertaken to study genetic diversity among 25 wheat genotypes (21 durum wheat breeding lines، two durum wheat landraces Zardak and Gerdish، Saji durum wheat cultivar and Sardari bread wheat landrace) based on agro-physiological traits under rainfed conditions in research farm of Dryland Agricultural Research Sub-Institute (Sararood station) during 2011-12 cropping season. The genotypes were also investigated based on molecular markers in biotechnology laboratory of Islamic Azad University، Kermanshah، Iran. The results of ANOVA and mean comparisons indicated significant differences among genotypes for most of the studied traits. Genotypes No. 11 (18E-BCRIS/BICUM) and 10 (18E-BCB509CHILE/SOMAT-3. 1) had the highest and lowest yield productivity، respectively. Cluster and discriminate analyses، based on the traits entered in stepwise regression analysis، classified the genotypes in four groups. Evaluation of genetic diversity by eleven ISSR primers indicated that the most polymorphic information content (PIC) belonged to primer No. 6 (PIC = 0. 36) and the least one belonged to primers No. 1 and 5 (PIC = 0. 22). Cluster analysis using UPGMA and based on dice similarity coefficient (DSC) classified the genotypes in three major groups، where the genotype No. 25 (Sardari bread wheat) was classified in a distinct group. Based on DSC، the genotypes No. 9 (18E- CAMAYO) and 10 had the highest similarity coefficient and the least one was observed between the genotypes No. 1 (18E-SORA/2*PLATA) and 25 (Sardari).

One-eighth of women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime, resulting in approximately annual one million women worldwide with breast cancer. Approximately 70% of breast cancers are positive for estrogen receptor alpha (ER-). The presence of ER- receptor is associated with better prognosis and usually indicates that the anti-estrogen drugs such as tamoxifen can be useful in the treatment. Nevertheless, a significant number of ER--positive breast cancers does not respond to tamoxifen. Causes of resistance to tamoxifen and how to sensitize to tamoxifenis not yet known. Preliminary studies indicate that garlic and its derivatives such as allicin, have anti-cancer effects. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of allicin on tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 cells. To investigate this theory, the effect of allicin on tamoxifen-sensitive cells (MCF-7), and -resistant cells (Sk-Br-3) in the presence and absence of tamoxifen and 17- estradiol were studied. The cell viability was assessed using MTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The study revealed that allicin in MCF-7 cells enhances the effectiveness of tamoxifen in the presence and absence of 17-b estradiol. Allicin as an adjunct to tamoxifen can sensitize breast cancer cells to tamoxifen.

The aim of the current research was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on improving executive functions and attention of children with neuropsychological learning disabilities. The population of the study consisted of 6 year preschool children with neuropsychological learning disabilities in Isfahan. In order to administer this study, 30 children with neuropsychological learning disabilities were randomly selected from the population through random cluster sampling method and assigned randomly to an experimental and a control group(each consisted of 15 children).The method of study was experimental with pretest-posttest and a control group. Aerobic exercise training wasperformed in the experimental group. The instruments were neuropsychological test of NEPSY, Wechsler Preschool Children Intelligent Scale and children with neuropsychological learning disabilities diagnosis test. Data was analyzed by Multivariate Covariance analysis of variance.Findings indicated that aerobic exercise can improve Executive functions and attention of children with neuropsychological learning disabilities. Therefore, if we can enrich the environment and pave the ground for the group and motor games, executive functions in children will be increased and improved.

This study has been conducted with the purpose of comparing dimensions of Psychological well-being of mothers of mentally handicapped, gifted and normal children. The statistical populations was all mothers of mentally handicapped, gifted, and normal children in the 90-91 academic year in the city of Isfahan. The sample consisted of 90 mothers: 30 mothers of mentally handicapped children, 30 mothers of gifted children and 30 mothers of normal children. In order to gather data the Raven Intelligence Test and questionnaire of Psychological well-being of Ryff were used. The results of analysis of variance indicated there were significant differences between the three groups of mothers (P≤0/05). The mean of the gifted mothers was higher than the other two groups. With regard to dimensions of Psychological well-being of mothers of gifted children and mothers of normal children there were no significant differences. In addition Psychological well-being of mothers of normal children was higher than mothers of mentally handicapped children.

The genetic diversity among plants derived from tissue culture is called somaclonal variation, which provides a valuable source of genetic variation for the improvement of medicinal plants. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of molecular markers in detection of somaclonal variation and to assess the importance of DNA methylation in occurrence of genomic changes. The genomic DNA of a normal plant and eight abnormal regenerated plants from calluses cultured in different conditions were extracted using modified Delaporta method. The AFLP procedure was performed with application of two different double digestion methods using restriction enzymes. The digested fragments were ligated to appropriate adaptors and amplification was carried out using appropriate primers. Also percentage and component of essential oil were indicated by GC/MS analysis. Analysis of banding patterns showed high differences in amount of polymorphism detected between two different double digestion methods. According to the results of cluster analysis based on the Jaccard's similarity coefficient, all tested plants divided into two main group. While the first group contained only normal sample, other abnormal samples were placed in the second group. Phytochemical analysis showed that the important secondary metabolites such as Limonene, Fenchone, Estragole, Anethole didn’t produce in invitro culture condition. In contrast some metabolites like Cineol, Terpineol, 2,4 Decadienal produce just in invitro culture. The results indicated that the used method has the potential to be used for assessment of somaclonal variations in regenerated plants. Additionally, considering characters of served enzymes in this study, phenotypic variations in abnormal plants that are resulted from somaclonal variation can be related to genome methylation.

Nonlinear free and forced vibration of a transversely isotropic rectangular magneto-electro elastic thin plate with simply supported boundary conditions is studied based on the thin plate theory along with the von Karman’s nonlinear strains. The partial differential equation of motion is transformed to an ordinary differential equation using Galerkin method. A perturbation method is used to solve the equation analytically and a closed-form solution is obtained for the frequency response and nonlinear frequency of the magneto-electro-elastic plate. The results are compared with the available results. Numerical examples are carried out to show the effects of several parameters on the nonlinear behavior of these plates.

Victims of abuse comprise a significant proportion of all child psychiatric admissions, with an estimated 30% incidence of lifetime of physical and sexual abuse among child and adolescent outpatients, and as high as 55% among psychiatric inpatients.. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of therapeutic intervention and parent management training on parenting skill of abusive parents.. Patients and The study population consisted of all children who were referred to Child Psychiatric and Pediatric Departments of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, IR Iran diagnosed with child abuse. Children and their families were visited by a psychiatrist for psychiatric problems. Later, the necessary interventions were taken for the children. To study the effect of intervention, parents completed ‘Being a Parent and Parenting Scale’ before intervention, and then again, in the third and sixth months following the intervention. The interventions included 8 weekly parent management training sessions for all of the involved parents and additional pharmacologic and psychological interventions according to the subjects’ needs.. Participants included 73 children with the mean age of 6.9 ± 4.3 year, while the mean age of parents was 31.76 ± 6.52 year for the mothers and 38.07 ± 8.45 year for the fathers. General anxiety disorder (30.1%) and depression (27.4%) were the most common psychiatric disorders among mothers. In parenting scale, there were significant differences between the zero and third month in all subscales (P = 0.008), but there was no significant difference in verbosity and overreactivity after 6 months. Laxness showed significant changes over the period (P = 0.03). In viewing the ‘Being a Parent Scale’, there was no significant difference in satisfaction and competency subscales before and after the intervention.. Therapeutic intervention and parent management training improves parenting skill of abusive parents, and this might lead to fewer incidents of abuse or neglect..

This paper devoted to analysis of cracked truss type structures. For this purpose, five common cracked bar finite elements, according to the laws of fracture mechanics, are first introduced and verified. Parameters which affect the stiffness matrix of the cracked element are also evaluated. In this paper, a procedure for calculation of stress intensity factor (SIF) by employing cracked element is proposed. A simple cracked truss structure is finally studied. Furthermore, this article could be considered as a relatively comprehensive source of the common cracked bar elements.