somayeh zare

From the perspective of various researchers, considering the executive factors of the non-implementation of the fundamental transformation document of education, more attention should be paid to factors that can play a fundamental role in the implementation of the document. These factors include: awareness, attention, motivation, implementation of chapters and strategies recorded in the document by teachers of various educational levels, especially secondary school teachers. Research Questions: Main question: What rank do the factors affecting the motivation of secondary school teachers in Marvdasht city have in implementing the fundamental transformation document of education? Three sub-questions are: How is the ranking of individual factors, occupational factors, and environmental factors on teachers’ motivation in operationalizing the fundamental transformation document of education?

The research method is descriptive considering its nature, applied considering its purpose, survey considering its implementation method, and quantitative considering the type of data. The research population included secondary school teachers in Marvdasht city in the academic year 2023-2024 (1850 people); to determine the research sample, a stratified random sampling method was used and the sample was selected (98 people); the research tool was a pairwise comparison questionnaire, a nine-option standardized spectrum (Saati, 1980); validity and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha .88) were confirmed; data analysis was done with Choice Expert software and Hierarchical Analysis (AHP).

The findings showed that: the occupational factor of teachers’ motivation ranks first, the individual factor ranks second, and the environmental factor ranks third; the inconsistency rate of the matrix and the component of the occupational factor indicated the compatibility in the judgments of experts and teachers; the first to fifth components of the occupational factor: salary and reward, nature and working conditions, job responsibility, job security, supervision and monitoring; the first to sixth components of the environmental factor: facilities and budget, school and community communication, community support for the teacher, educational system structure, local culture of the region, political changes and developments; the first to fourth components of the individual factor: meeting individual needs at work, attention to the level of experience and education, commitment and possibility of individual growth, job compatibility with interest and individual ability were obtained.

Among the main factors, respectively, job factor, individual factor and environmental factor, teachers' motivation have higher ranks. Therefore, success in implementing educational programs and activities and the optimal implementation of the fundamental transformation document of education requires the provision of facilities, conditions, and motivations that can pave the way for achieving high educational goals in communication and interaction.

The knowledge of different types of ankle fractures based on plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images can help improve patients' management. This cross-sectional study assessed the plain radiographs and CT images of 1,000 consecutive patients observed in an emergency department between March 2015 and March 2020. Fractures were labeled as uni-, bi-, or trimalleolar. Malleolar fractures were classified into medial, lateral, and posterior ones based on Herscovici, DanisWeber, and Mason and Molloy classifications, respectively. Bi- and trimalleolar fractures, on the other hand, were categorized according to the Lauge-Hansen classification. This study included 1,000 patients with 1,003 ankle fractures. Of them, 901 were adults (mean±SD age: 41.6±16.7, male: 567 [62.9%]) with 904 fractures. In total, 53% of adult patients were 18 to 39 years old. Considering unilateral ankle fractures, the medial malleolar fracture was the most common unimalleolar fracture (62.6%), with Herscovici C being the most frequent subtype (65.3%). On the other hand, the most common type of lateral malleolar fracture was Danis-Weber type B (65.5%). There were also 209 (23.3%) bimalleolar and 114 (12.7%) trimalleolar fractures, 5.8% (16 fractures) of which could not be classified based on the Lauge-Hansen classification. Unimalleolar fractures were also observed in 87 (87.9%) children, with the medial malleolar fracture being the most common type (89.7%). Medial malleolar fractures were the most frequent malleoli in patients observed in the emergency department under study. Among bi- and trimalleolar ankle fractures, supination-external rotation and pronationexternal rotation injuries were the most common patterns. The Lauge-Hansen classification was not applicable in 5.8% of bi- and trimalleolar fractures. Level of evidence: IV

Currently, many disasters threaten the health of ecosystems. The pressures caused by extensive human interventions and the unprincipled exploitation of natural resources have led to the degradation of natural resources and the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Hence, evaluating the consequences of human intervention in nature and meeting the growing need of humans to receive diverse services has made it necessary to evaluate the performance of watershed ecosystems in providing different services. Healthy watersheds play an important role in providing a wide variety of ecosystem services. Therefore, watershed health monitoring and evaluation is vital for the conservation of ecosystems and achieving the optimal level of services. In such a way a suitable collaborative and executive approach is established between research and watershed management. In this connection, watershed health analysis can provide valuable help in achieving the goals of integrated management of watersheds and, of course, the balance between the needs of human societies and ecosystems. However, the assessment of the health and sustainability of the watershed affected by human activities has not been sufficiently documented yet.

The current pilot research has evaluated the health of the Shiraz Darwazeh Quran Watershed in Fars Province, Iran, and the effect of existing watershed management structures in the region on the health of the watershed with a focus on floods. For this purpose, 36 key criteria from a set of climatic, anthropogenic, and hydrologic factors were identified based on the conditions of the region and the analysis of the flood occurrence process in the watershed. The selected criteria were then categorized into the three indices of pressure (P), state (S), and response (R). After screening the selected criteria in exploring the conceptual approach of pressure, state, and response (PSR), the health status was evaluated in two cases with and without watershed management structures.

The results showed that the health condition without considering the watershed management structures was at average conditions with health index of 0.55. In addition, the results of the watershed health assessment verified the non-significant effects of stone and mortar structures on improving watershed health. So that, the health conditions was remained at average status with health index of 0.53. Therefore, it can be acknowledged that the existing watershed management structures, due to the limited both number and spatial coverage, have not been able to noticeably affect the improvement of the general conditions of the watershed, despite the effect on the factors affecting the health of the sub-watersheds where the structures have been constructed. The spatial changes of the calculated variables showed that the abandoned lands, time of concentration, area under military activities, surface of sensitive formations to erosion, high density of the drainage network, density of the roads, areas of regions with high potential in producing runoff and sediment, and size of the residential areas were the most important factors affecting the health situation of the Darwazeh Quran Watershed.

According to the results of the analysis of the indicators and criteria considered in evaluation of the health of the Shiraz Darwazeh Quran Watershed based on the PSR approach, it was found that the watershed had an average health status. Therefore, it can be acknowledged that the existing watershed management structures have not been able to impose a noticeable effect on the prosperity and improvement of watershed health conditions. In general, it can be said that abandoned lands, short concentration time, military activities, the presence of formations sensitive to erosion, high density of drainage network and road, and the potential of high runoff and sediment production, and the size of residential areas are among the most important factors affecting the declining the health of Darwazeh Quran Watershed. Therefore, it is necessary to pay further attention to the aforesaid factors by conducting periodical monitoring with more comprehensive data, in time and also analyzing the trend of relative changes of the indicators in order to explain the adaptive and intelligent management of the watershed. The necessary measures should also be taken into account simultaneously. Therefore, it is suggested to turn the weak points of the region into strong points by applying bioengineering measures and use the opportunities in the region such as the potential of tourism and ecological features in order to improve the health status of the watershed.

Aging is associated with reduced physical and cognitive abilities, but physical activity has positive effects on the lives of these people.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of eight weeks of step exercises on static and dynamic balance in elderly women with chronic nonspecific knee pain.

In the present quasi-experimental study, 30 elderly women of Shahrekord city were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two exercise groups (age: 65.64±4.45 years, height:165.64±3.34 cm,weight:78.45±4.62 kg)and control(age: 62.14±3.45 years, height:162.91±3.32 kg, weight: 76.26±3.66 kg).The experimental group performed eight weeks of step training (3 sessions of 30 minutes per week). In this period, the subjects in the control group had their daily activities. Before and after the training period, static and dynamic balance were assessed by scoring tests of balance error and getting up and going. Data analysis was performed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test SPSS20 at the level of 0.05.

The results showed that eight weeks of step training had a significant effect on static balance (P = 0.01) and dynamic balance (P = 0.001).

Stair exercises have an effect on static and dynamic balance and based on the results of these exercises in elderly women, by creating effective physiological adaptations, they also affect the nervous and psychological system of the elderly and thus can improve the balance of the elderly women. Accordingly, it is recommended that older women with specific knee pain perform stair exercises.

Salvia extracts have various biological activities and are rich sources of bioactive metabolites.

We identified five phytochemicals from S. compressa extract and assessed their biological properties.

The plant's shoots were extracted using dichloromethane, and the constituents were isolated using column chromatography. High-resolution NMR spectroscopy characterized the chemical structures of the compounds (1 - 5). The cytotoxic effect of the extract was examined against MCF-7 cells by MTT reduction assay, while cisplatin was tested as a reference cytotoxic compound. The antibacterial activity was assessed using nutrient broth micro-dilution (NBMD), and chloramphenicol was used as the positive control

Citrostadienol (1), β-sitosterol (2), two glyceride esters of linolenic, linoleic, and palmitic acids (3, 4), and geraniol (5) were isolated from S. compressa for the first time. The extract showed activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and reduced cell viability to 68.2 ± 13.1% compared to the control drug at the concentration of 50 µg/mL, while it was not active against seven test bacteria.

The anti-complementary activity of the isolated steroids suggests S. compressa for future anti-inflammatory research.

Cognitive rehabilitation is considered as an effective intervention in promoting the cognitive functions of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on improving the cognitive functions of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

For this purpose, all articles published in the period 2000 to 2020 were reviewed, to find related English studies, Google Scholar Databases, Science Direct, Scopus, Academia, Cochrane Database, Research Gate, and biomedical databases include PubMed, Medline, Psych Info, and rehabilitation databases including PEDRO , OTseeker, Rehab data and to find related studies in Persian, Google Scholar (Persian), SID, Magiran, IranDoc, MedLib, NoorMags, IranMedex databases, to Search with English and Persian keywords.

930 articles published in English and Persian were retrieved, and finally 12 related articles were reviewed. In this study, most studies focused on a limited range of cognitive functions.

The results indicate the improvement of cognitive functions (memory, executive function and attention) in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder after cognitive rehabilitation. According to the results of studies, it can be stated that cognitive rehabilitation as an intervention can be effective along with other therapeutic interventions in promoting of cognitive functions in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

The content of nutrition education and the process of behavioral change should be designed based on the principles of educational for achieving behavioral goals. This systematic study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition interventions designed mainly by health educational and promotional theory and models.

The PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched using the following keywords “nutrition behavior” or “food behavior” or “dietary behavior” and “model” or “theory” and “intervention” or “predict” from 2013 up to April 2018 in English Language.

Regarding the inclusion criteria, 25 interventional studies were assessed of 3090 primary screened investigations. Social Cognitive Theory, Empowerment model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Health Belief Model were mostly used in the investigated studies. Most target groups in these studies were school students and women. In the field of constructs, self-efficacy and attitude mainly applied in studies seem to be the most important for researchers. In the field of educational methods, group educational methods in the forms of lectures, group discussions, and brainstorming were mainly applied by researchers.

To change eating behaviors, the study framework, duration of training, and correct training method should be designed according to the target group as well as appropriate theory and models

Quality of life is a mental issue that causes a person to be affected by various factors including self-efficacy. The roadmap in this field is family-centered empowerment, which aims to promote health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of family-centered empowerment model on quality of life and self-efficacy of kidney transplant patients.

This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial. 100 kidney transplant patients, who came to Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital, were divided into two groups of control and intervention by initial accidental sampling. Data collection tools were a three-part questionnaire includes of demographic characteristics, quality of life of patients of kidney transplant questionnaire (KTQ-25) and the questionnaire of health empowerment to survey about self-care (SUPPH). These questionnaires were completed by both groups once the study was initiated and another time 1.5 months after intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20), chi-square and T-test.

findings demonstrated that when the study was initiated there was not any significance difference between these two groups in terms of demographic quantitative and qualitative characteristics and mean of quality of life and self-efficacy. In compared with control group, mean of quality of life of intervention group was increased. Statistically, it has a significance difference (0<0.001). Also, in comparison with control group, the score of self-efficacy promoted and it has a significance difference.

Considering the positive effect of family-centered empowerment model on self-efficacy of kidney transplant patients and finally on their quality of life, it is necessary to consider this model with the aim of promoting patientschr('39') health.

Soil erosion is a major global challenge that its control by appropriate and proportionate methods is necessary. In recent years, various studies have been carried out using amendments and chemical stabilizers to reduce the detrimental effects of runoff and soil erosion. Environmental problems, low efficacy and time-consuming, low availability and high volume requirements have challenged the use of amendments in the usual form. Therefore, due to the proper performance of the amendments to reduce runoff and soil loss, improving the quality of the amendment is inevitable. Nowadays, various wastes are currently produced in important industries, including wood and papermill. In this regard, the fine corrugated and small particles in the effluent of paper mills can be mentioned. Residual fine amendments is a part of fibers that are unavoidably crushed in paper production and recycling processes. Therefore, due to the problems caused by the excessive amount of fines in the process of paper production and the ability to store water in the soil, it seems that it can be used as a natural amendment to reduce runoff and soil loss.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effectability of runoff generation and soil loss from fine corrugated amendments at small experimental plots. To conduct the study, the soil carried out from the marginal area of the Marzanabad-Kandalous region located in the west of Mazandaran Province. The soil was air-dried and then crossing a 3 mm sieve to put into 50×50 cm plots with a height of 30 cm was filled from the bottom to a depth of 18 cm of mineral pumices as a drainage layer and for the top layer of soil 2 and 8 mm. Treatments were studied at three levels of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 )L m-2 ( and each with three replications in liquid form and uniform spraying on 18 plots with pure water additive and control (dry) and in laboratory scale under rainfall simulation was performed with intensity of some 70 )mm h -1 ( and duration of 30 minutes.

The results showed that use of fine amendment with three levels of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 )L m-2 ( decreased runoff volumes (P>0.05) and soil losses (P<0.05) of -35, -5 and +15; 47, 84 and 71% compared to those of the treated plots by fine, respectively.

The results of this study show that the application of biocompatible amendment from wastewater of papermills is recommended to prevent entering into the water and soil resources in order to reduce runoff generation and soil losses in sensitive areas of the country facilitating sustainable development. It further leads to reduce runoff generation and soil losses in sensitive areas of the country facilitating sustainable development.

High levels of sexual risk behaviors in young adults constitute a major public health concern and understanding the transition to risky behaviors during emerging adulthood is a challenge for researchers. The present research was aimed to investigate the mediating role of the cognitive emotion regulation strategies in relationship between attachment styles with high-risky sexual behaviors in students of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz.

Methods and Materials: 

In this correlation and descriptive study with structural equation modeling approach, among all students of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz in the academic year of 2018-2019, 747 students were selected by random cluster sampling method. Data were collected by Risky Sexual Behaviors Questionnaire (RSBQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Qquestionnaire (CERQ) and Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and then, were analyzed by SPSS and Lisrel software and using structural equation modeling.

The results showed that the relationship between attachment style and risky sexual behaviors questionnaire is mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The rate of fit indices of GFI was equal to 0.95, CFI was equal to 0.98, NFI was equal to 0.97, IFI was equal to 0.98, NNFI was equal to 0.98, AGFI was equal to 0.93, RFI was equal to 0.97 and RMSEA was equal to 0.061, all of which indicated the fitting of the proposed model with the data. The findings also showed that 50% of the variance observed in high-risk sexual behaviors can be explained by combining attachment styles variables, positive emotion regulation strategies, and negative emotion regulation strategies.

The findings of study supported the proposed conceptual model in which the relationship between childhood trauma and fear of happiness was mediated through positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies. So considering the role of these predictors and the mediators by professionals, therapists and planners appears to be necessary in work with students and specifically in counseling and treatment centers.

The purpose of is study, comparison the resiliency and health promoting lifestyle between thyroid dysfunction disease patients and healthy people. The method of present study is causal-comparative. The 200 patients (100 thyroid dysfunction patients and 100 healthy people) in endocrine clinics in Rasht city that was in  2017-2018. Tools for measuring the research variables were Resiliency (Connor-Davidson, 2003), health promoting lifestyle test (Walker,1987). Data were analyzed by multiple analysis of variance. The result showed that the relationship resiliency and health promoting lifestyle between thyroid dysfunction disease patients and healthy people is significant (P=0/001, β=0/22). The mean scores of patients with thyroid dysfunction in resiliency and health-promoting lifestyle and their components (except in stress management) is significantly lower than the healthy people (P<0.05). According to the study, of thyroid dysfunction disease with indicators of resiliency and health-promoting lifestyle was a significant relationship, It seems that the levels of resiliency and health-promoting lifestyle can be associated with the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction disease.

The purpose of the present research was to examine the effectiveness of meta-cognitive strategies training on the cognitive failure in patients with general anxiety disorder (GAD). This quasi-experimental design consisted of two groups, with pre-test/ posttest and the control group. Considering the experimental nature of the research and also, with regards to the drop in the number of 30 people (15 in each group), patients with generalized anxiety disorder (DSM-5) were selected according to the available criteria and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups according to entry requirements. In both groups, the scale of Broadbent et al. Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) was carried out. Then, the experimental group underwent metacognitive strategies in 10 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any training. At the end, the same questionnaire was administered in both groups. The results of the two groups were evaluated in two stages using relevant statistical tests. Multivariate covariance analysis showed that meta-cognitive strategies training significantly reduces cognitive failure and its subscales (distraction, memory defects and inadvertent errors) in patients with general anxiety disorder (P<0/05); there was no significant difference between meta-cognitive strategies training with the subscale of not remembering names (P>0/05). Despite the differences in the scores of cognitive failures in the group studied, it is recommended to use metacognitive strategies to reduce the symptoms of cognitive impairment in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Diabetes control is highly self-care and emotional complications and mental stress play an important role in controlling blood sugar in diabetes, and these factors affect the quality of life of people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the predicting role of personal resources for quality of life in diabetic patients. This was a cross-sectional study done in 2017. The population of this study was all diabetic patients referred to Shahid Motahari, Imam Reza (AS) and Nader Kazemi clinics in Shiraz in 1396. A total of 198 patients were selected by simple random sampling method. Quality of life, optimism, self-efficacy of diabetic and resiliency questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19 using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Findings showed that resiliency, self-efficacy and optimism had a positive and significant relationship with the quality of life of patients with diabetes. In a prediction model, self-efficacy and resiliency could predict 19% of the quality of life changes in patients with type 2 diabetes (p <0.05). The findings of this study showed that self-efficacy and resilience variables predicted the quality of life of patients, but optimism had no predictive power. The results of this study showed that increased self-efficacy and resiliency lead to increased quality of life in diabetic patients. This may help the patients to cope with problems and excitement and is effective in planning interventions for diabetics.

Continuous educational programs are one of the essential ways to promote human resources; inconsistency of the courses with individual and organizational needs may lead to organizational dissatisfaction, job performance reduction, and time and capital waste. The study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of the employees about in-service continuous educational programs; they participated in the above-mentioned programs in the continuous educational units from 2006 to 2017 in Ahwaz city, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, all the treatment and administrative employees in the hospital participated in the educational plans. Out of 548 employees, 225 were selected using the ratio-random sampling method in the late 2017. The study instrument was a validated questionnaire with 66 items and 5 scales of adaptation, efficient management, individual development, growth of attitudes, employees’ knowledge and skills, and managers’ support for implementing operational programs; its validity was measured using Cronbach’s Alpha (α=0.93). The collected data were analysed in SPSS V.23 using descriptive statistics, mean scores, SD, χ2 test, ANOVA, and t-test. Based on the study findings, the participants maintained that management of continuing education courses was useful and beneficial, and there was a statistically significant difference between the main variables and the total score (ρ<0.001). The Eta square showed that literacy (ɳ2=0.224, R2=0.462) and gender (ɳ2=0.205, R2=0.345) had less efficiency, and occupation (ɳ2=.581, R2=.219) significantly affected continuous education programs (ρ<0.01). It is suggested that cognitive dimension and occupation should be considered in implementing continuous education programs. Additionally, educational content should be updated

Background and Sore throat and hoarseness are some postoperative complications following endotracheal intubation and inflammation of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eucalyptus vapor on sore throat and hoarseness after tracheal extubation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
In a clinical trial, 100 patients undergoing CABG were selected using convenience sampling. They were randomly divided into two groups (control and experimental). Demographic and clinical data, and the information on sore throat and hoarseness were recorded in both groups, before the intervention and after tracheal extubation. The patients in experimental group were exposed to eucalyptus vapor for about ten minutes after tracheal extubation. This was performed at 1 and 12 hours after extubation. The severity of sore throat and hoarseness was recorded in the two groups at 0, 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours after extubation.
The severity of hoarseness in case group showed no significant difference at the times of immediate to 24 hours after extubation. But, the severity of sore throat significantly reduced at 6 and 12 hours after extubation (P= 0.02 and P= 0.02, respectively).
The eucalyptus vapor in this study could not significantly decrease the severity of hoarseness, but reduced the sore throat.

Cough is postoperative complication following endotracheal intubation as well as inflammation of the pharynx, larynx and trachea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus vapor on cough after tracheal extubation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
In this randomized controlled trial, 100 patients undergoing CABG were randomly divided into two groups by accessible sampling. Before the intervention and after tracheal extubation, demographic and clinical data, as well as data on cough by a scoring system were collected from interventional and control groups. The patients in the interventional group after tracheal extubation were exposed to eucalyptus vapor for about 10 min. This treatment was performed at 1 and 12 h after extubation. The severity of cough was recorded in both interventional and control groups at 0, 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after extubation. The present study showed that the severity of cough after extubation in the patients undergoing CABG in the interventional group had no significant difference at the times of immediate to 24 hours after extubation. Risk of cough had respectively 9.5% increase in the control group as compared to the interventional group.

Exchange rate policies and fluctuations in national currency play an important role in the stability of the macroeconomic environment as an economic objective of each country. The overall objective of this paper is to evaluate the effects of exchange rate changes on inflation in Iranian economy using quarterly time series data during 1379-1391 and a structural auto-regressive model (SVAR). Using quarterly data unit root test, stationary of time series has been tested in this study and then, the model has been estimated. In the period under review, the results of this study indicate that one of the most important factors and influencing on inflation is exchange rate fluctuations and generally exchange rate policies which has caused to a structural inflation in Iranian economy. Thus, adopted exchange rate policies in the economy including exchange rate integration policy and exchange rate stabilization policy, lead to inflation in Iranian economy.

Euphorbia macrostegia or Persian wood spurge is one of the seventeen endemic plants of this genus in Iran. Three triterpenoids: 24-methylenecycloartan-3β-ol (1), butyrospermol (2) and cycloartenol (3) and three diglycerides: 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-sn-glycerol (4), 1-O-linoleoyl-3-O-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol (5) and 1-O-α-linolenoyl-2-O-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol (6) were isolated from a hexane layer of methanol and dichloromethane extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia macrostegia Boiss. The structures of all compounds were elucidated using different spectroscopy methods including, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, EI-MS and IR. The triterpenes and the unsaturated fatty acids moieties of the diglycerides isolated from the plant were reported previously to have analgesic, anticancer, bactericidal and antifungal activity. Here we show that E. macrostegia is a new source for the above mentioned biologically active compounds.