فهرست مطالب yaser esmailzadeh

Today, the world is involved in complex issues and many dangers. The existence of increasing competition, diverse and conflicting cultures, power struggles and economic inequalities indicates that different actors have different goals and objectives. In fact, one of the main reasons for the growth and increasing activity of different terrorist groups can be seen as the lack of global coherence and convergence in counter-terrorism policies. This article seeks to explore the fundamental question of what is the rationale for global convergence in the fight against terrorism? This article believes that there is a strategic logic for convergence and international cooperation in the fight against terrorism, which can be seen from the approach of theories such as ancient Chinese wisdom, game theory and also in the theory of moving target and pursuing global counter-terrorism goals. Emphasizing the various strategic advantages of global convergence in the fight against terrorism, this paper seeks to conclude that countries need to reach a point of strategic understanding where mutual cooperation is a priority for mutual benefit. In other words, if there is no global convergence and cooperation to deal with terrorism, terrorism in the world will find an opportunity to attack more and create more dangers. Finally, the main solutions through which international security algorithms can improve the efficiency of advanced algorithms will be proposed.

This article examines the impact of European Union's (EU) Counter-Terrorism Strategy on European security, considering recent developments and challenges. This investigation seeks to answer two pivotal questions: (1) How do varying counter-terrorism approaches impact the effectiveness of European security measures against terrorist threats? (2) How does cooperation or divergence in counter-terrorism strategies influence Europe's broader security environment? The research explores key developments in European counter-terrorism cooperation and analyzes the effects of regional cooperation on European security dynamics, drawing on empirical evidence from recent terrorist attacks and counter-terrorism operations. Findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive and coordinated European counter-terrorism strategy, which addresses immediate security concerns and long-term drivers of radicalization and extremism. The research utilizes the method of Library Resources and Documentary Research, analyzing existing literature, academic publications, reports, and relevant documents related to counter-terrorism strategies, European security, and the interplay between terrorism and counter-terrorism in the region. The article also presents a theoretical framework of institutional cooperation to understand the implications of counter-terrorism strategies on European security. It highlights the significance of intelligence sharing, legal harmonization, capacity-building, and addressing challenges within regional and international collaborations.

Undoubtedly today terrorism is an important player in the international arena. A strategic look at the waves of terrorism in the world shows strong evidence for the emergence of a new wave of terrorism in the world. the present article seeks to answer the main question of what the fifth wave of terrorism will be in the region of West Asia and North Africa. Based on what has worked as terrorism in the region of West Asia and North Africa in the 21st century, "semi-state terrorism" seems to be the new wave of terrorism. A wave that controls parts of the territory of a weak state and maintains its rule there, as well as carrying out terrorist attacks against other countries. According to the global terrorism wave indices, in order to consider the fifth wave, the new terrorism phenomenon must be global, have the same driving force, and also be significantly different from the previous wave. It is obvious that semi-state terrorism, as a new wave of terrorism, is different from the fourth wave of religious terrorist groups. This aspect of terrorism prioritizes land control, participates in a wider range of government and governance activities (not just social services), seeks more power, and has takfiri ideologies. Finally, the article concludes that the phenomenon of semi-state terrorism has the potential to become a global wave if it continues to spread.

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the experiences of organizational experts about various obstacles and challenges of inter-organizational interactions and communications between the police and the country's intelligence and security community in order to deal with terrorist groups.

This research is qualitative and phenomenological in nature. Sampling was done in a purposeful way and the participants were selected based on the rule of theoretical saturation, 10 experts and experts related to terrorist groups and police inter-organizational communication were selected. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The research tool is a semi-structured interview, which includes open-ended questions. To measure validity and reliability, the prepared content was provided to two experts, and the opinions provided about the interview were applied, and participants were helped in analyzing and interpreting the data. became.

The findings of this research consisted of 50 simple concepts, of which 37 concepts were related to the challenges and obstacles of inter-organizational interaction, and in the next stages, these concepts were categorized in the form of 7 general concepts. The results indicate that the main challenges of the police interaction with the responsible agencies in dealing with terrorist groups are: the multiplicity and contradiction of upstream documents; lack of centralization of information management; Weakness in the efficiency of decision-making institutions; Guarantee of implementation of approvals; inconsistency in the field of action; Interactive culture and attitude and information and knowledge sharing.

So far, many researches have been conducted on the topic of interaction and inter-organizational communication and various solutions have been presented. The police command is also recognized as one of the important organizations in charge of security in the country due to its diverse missions and the description of assigned duties, and accordingly, the statistical categories in the mentioned researches are also aimed at the police; Therefore, the main goal in this research is to identify and calculate the variables and indicators in the interaction and inter-organizational communication between the police and the responsible agencies in past researches.

The current research has evaluated the previous articles in different dimensions by using the meta-analysis method and emphasizing on inter-organizational interactions and communications. The statistical community includes all the researches conducted from 2011 to the end of 2021 in the field of the subject under study. Through targeted sampling, the number of 15 researches (research articles, promotional articles, and dissertations) related to the subject were selected through the scientific database and examined based on different criteria.

the highest ranking of research results and findings with a quantity of 18.8% related to cooperation, interaction and inter-organizational communication and its effect on providing public security and crime prevention; The second rank with a quantity of 14.2% is assigned to culture building and organizational culture and its effect on inter-organizational interactions, and the third rank with a quantity of 14.2% is assigned to the role of managers and management style in inter-organizational interactions. Also, "Strategies and policies in inter-organizational interactions", "Laws and regulations in inter-organizational interactions" and "Effect of structural factors on inter-organizational interactions" are in the next ranks with the quantity of 11.9% respectively.

Political violence is considered as the root cause of issues such as terrorism and violent conflicts in the world. Therefore, the present article seeks to address the goal of how political violence is based on legitimacy. Also, during this research, questions are raised as the author's preoccupation; How has legitimacy been challenged? Under what circumstances is legitimacy attributed to governments or terrorist groups? What will legitimize them? In fact, the hypothesis of this article is based on the fact that today more political violence revolves around the issue of legitimacy. In this regard, first Max Weber's views on the social and psychological foundations of legitimacy are discussed, and then the main focus of the article is to evaluate Habermas's views on the relationship between political violence and legitimacy.

In this study, according to the nature and type of the subject under study, after filing the content, inferential analysis was performed by analyzing documentary, library and internet data to analyze the collected data.

Finally, the summary of opinions and analysis has shown that legitimacy, despite its inconsistencies and contradictions, deserves to be considered as one of the few sources and authorities that today are the cause of many conflicts and disputes between governments. And presented terrorist organizations.