فهرست مطالب zahra bahrami

Social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents is associated with some psychological problems that require effective treatment. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on emotion regulation and sleep habits of children with social anxiety.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research population included primary school students in the fourth to sixth grades in Qom City, Iran in 2019 academic year. In total, 46 students whose scores were higher than 29.5 in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The participants answered the pre-test Emotion Regulation Checklist and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Afterward, the intervention group participated in 16 sessions of therapy and the control group remained on the waiting list. Finally, the participants were evaluated at the post-test stage and the collected data were examined by analysis of covariance and SPSS software.

Based on the results of multivariate analysis of covariance, after the control of pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the linear combination of emotion regulation and sleep habits variables of the two groups (Wilks' lambda=0.063, F10,23=34.182, P=0.001). The tests of univariate analysis of covariance also showed a significant increase in emotion regulation and a significant decrease in emotional lability/negativity and sleep disorders (except the sleep onset delay) in the intervention group after the therapeutic sessions.

Emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy is an important and effective treatment for emotion regulation and sleep habits in socially anxious children who are referred to mental health professionals.

Among the basic themes that have been highlighted in human societies across different religious and ethnic groups until now is the issue of “women’s rights and character”. The status and character of women in each society’s culture reflects the importance and dignity of women in that society. With the advent of Islam, the dignity of women as human beings was restored, and women were elevated to half-humanity alongside men. The humanist school of Islam, whose laws have originated from revelation, has given women great dignity by considering all the rights and characteristics of women as well as taking a comprehensive attitude; But unfortunately, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights paid less attention to the spiritual aspects of human beings, especially women, and more to material aspects instead. this study intends to use a mixed method, with the help of library tools and questionnaires, to answer this key question: “What are the theoretical and fundamental differences between the rights of women from an Islamic human rights perspective and the Declaration of Human Rights?” The results of this study, conducted in Tehran in 1401 on women with a sample size of 384, show that Islamic human rights, with the help of Quranic verses and Islam, include all material and spiritual aspects of women’s dignity and has made religious thought the basis of its theory - contrary to Western human rights, which base their thinking on a secular basis for women’s rights. Analysis of the questionnaire confirms the claim that supporting women’s rights from the perspective of Islamic human rights has had a direct impact on the status of women in Islamic countries, especially the Islamic Republic of Iran

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and marital conflicts in college students. The statistical population of this research includes all married students of Islamic Azad University and Birjand State University, including 4000 people. The number of sample members was 351 based on Morgan's table. After the samples were dropped, the total number of samples was considered to be 320 people who were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The measurement tools in this research were the Kansas Marital Conflict Questionnaire (1985), the Rosenberg Questionnaire and the Self-Esteem Questionnaire (1965), which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistics of Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used using SPSS-23 software. The results showed that there is a relationship between marital conflicts and self-esteem. Also, the results of statistical analysis indicated that self-esteem can predict marital conflicts.

Depression in children is especially related to social anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (ECBT) in depression and its components in children with social anxiety.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. Among the primary school students of Qom in the 2019 academic year, 46 students whose score was higher than 29.5 on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=23) and control (n=23) groups. Firstly, both groups responded to Children's Depression Inventory as the pre-test. Thereafter, the experimental group participated in the 16 sessions of ECBT, and the control group remained on the waiting list. Finally, the two groups were administered the post-test.

The results of Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) demonstrated that after the control of pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the linear combination of depression components of the two groups (Wilks' lambda= 0.065, F33,5= 94.662, P= 0.001). The results of univariate tests of ANCOVA also showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in all depression components (and also the total score) in children of the experimental group after the ECBT sessions.

As evidenced by the results of this study, ECBT is an effective treatment for depression in children with social anxiety. It is suggested that mental health professionals prioritize this treatment in their therapeutic programs.

Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria is an area that has rapidly expanded over the recent years. It is one of the new methods of improving probiotics stability, through which the biological agents are protected with an enclosed coating to release the active agents within the coating at a controlled rate in time and under special conditions.

The present study the aims to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum microencapsulation with chitosan/alginate microparticles on the oxidative response of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus).

Herein, 240 pieces of Nile tilapia, with an average weight of 15.56±0.02 g, were randomly divided into four groups as follows: group1 or control with a diet without probiotics, groups 2, 3, and 4 respectively with a diet containing 108 Log CFU/g of unencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum, a diet containing microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum, and with feed containing alginate with chitosan without the presence of bacteria. They were fed for 60 days at the rate of 2 % of body weight twice a day.

The activity level of oxidative enzymes, biochemical factors, and liver enzymes of the Nile tilapia fish were investigated. The findings revealed that oxidative enzymes, biochemical factors, and liver enzymes were positively affected in the groups with microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum (P<0.05). The three enzymes of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were higher in the micro-encapsulated probiotic group compared to the two groups of probiotics and alginate with chitosan without the presence of bacteria, and all the three groups performed better compared to the control (P<0.05).

Microencapsulation of probiotics maximizes the efficiency of probiotics in reducing oxidative stress.

Shift work is one of the social phenomena that has its roots in the history of human origin and still exists today for economic and technological reasons. Due to the complications of shift work, the present study was conducted to investigate job fatigue, quality of life, and sleep of shift staff working in Ilam Electric Distribution Company.

In this descriptive-analytical study, all shift workers of Ilam Electric Distribution Company were selected. Data collection tools included the Swedish Job Exhaustion Questionnaire, Quality of Life (SF-36), the Insomnia Assessment Questionnaire, and the Survey of shift workers (SOS). SPSS software version 26 was used to analyze data using independent sample T-Test, One-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. 

Pearson correlation test showed that there was a direct and positive correlation between age and physical function (r = 0.439; p = 0.022), smoking and sleep problems (r = 0.528; p = 0.006), and education and limitation of the role of emotional problems (r = 0.382; p = 0.049). Also, the was a significant indirect correlation was found between age and physical role limitation (r = - 0.501; p = 0.008), shift work with satisfaction with individual life (p <0.045), social life (p <0.038), family life (p <0.023) and family dissatisfaction.

shift working has adverse effects on family satisfaction, circadian rhythms, digestive performance, and mental health. It is suggested that managers be more careful about working hours, work shifts, and rest times.

Severe hyperkalemia usually presents as cardiac or neurologic manifestations. We report a case of a 63-year-old Caucasian woman, who was admitted to Namazi Hospital, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran) in August 2019. The patient suffered from left-sided weakness and slurred speech for one hour prior to admission. Initially, the patient was treated for acute ischemic stroke, and an intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-rTPA) was prescribed. However, further investigations showed severe hyperkalemia. Hemiparesis and slurred speech improved significantly with appropriate management of hyperkalemia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of hyperkalemia masquerading as acute ischemic stroke without evidence of concomitant central nervous system malignancies, large vessel atherosclerosis, or recreational drug abuse. Stroke mimics due to hyperkalemia should be considered in any patient with simultaneous sudden onset of focal neurologic deficits and tall peaked T waves, particularly in the context of renal failure and a history of potassium-sparing drug use.

Aneurysm formation of internal carotid arteries (ICA) in patients with mucormycosis is a scarce phenomenon. However, the prevalence of rhino-cerebral mucormycosis has been reported to increase after the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Three patients with stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage presented due to ICA aneurysm after the involvement of adjacent paranasal sinuses (PNS) with mucormycosis. They had a history of diabetes and corticosteroid use. Also, one of them was treated with imatinib. Two out of the three patients were infected with SARS-CoV-2 before developing mucormycosis. Two patients had diagnostic angiography before endovascular intervention. One patient did not undergo any therapeutic intervention due to total artery occlusion, whereas the other patient experienced a successful parent artery occlusion by coiling and only survived this patient. Although all patients received antifungal treatment and surgical debridement, two of them died.

In patients with rhino-cerebral mucormycosis, aneurysm evolution should be promptly and meticulously investigated by Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). As this type of aneurysm is very fast-growing, as soon as the involvement of the sphenoid sinus is detected, the possibility of ICA aneurysm formation should always be kept in mind. If the patient develops an aneurysm, prompt intensive antifungal therapy and therapeutic endovascular interventions such as stenting, coiling, or sacrificing should be considered as soon as possible to optimize outcomes.

According to the innate, divine and human nature of the Islamic Revolution and new design of cross-border interactive model based on Islamic-Iranian values of Imam Khomeini, in contrast to the dominant system, achieving a new Islamic civilization, centered on rationality, self-confidence, culturalism and Spirituality, represents the goal of the Islamic Republic of Iran has always been emphasized on Supreme Leader.it taking into the conditions of the world system.Foreign policy is one of the most important areas, that it has a great impact on the achievement of national goals and interests, the production and reproduction of Iranian global image.In this regard, the main question seeks to understand which components of the civilizational foreign policy model requires further attention?  In response, the deductive and explanatory methodology and collecting information get use to virtual data and libraries, the mains hypothesis are the components of Civilizational foreign policy model such as: discourse-oriented, stream-making, rapprochement-oriented and rational-oriented.

This research has been done to investigate the role of green supply chain management on innovation performance and competitiveness of the company in the dairy industry of Sham Sham. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables of the research. For the Green Supply Chain Management variable, the standard questionnaire Yang et al. (2013) was used, for the innovation performance variable using the standard Donati and Pablo (2015) questionnaire and for the Competitiveness variable of the standard questionnaire of Quranflah et al. (2014).The research questionnaire was distributed among 90 members of the statistical community that were all managers and experts of the dairy industry of Shiraz, sham sham.The research method was descriptive correlational. In order to answer the questions and to investigate the research hypothesis with Smart-PLS software, structural equation analysis and path analysis using partial least squares (PLS) were used.The results show that green domestic measures have a positive and significant effect on external green cooperation, innovation performance and competitive ability of the company. The results also confirm the positive and significant impact of external green cooperation on the innovation performance and competitiveness of the company. The results also show that innovation performance has a positive and significant impact on company competitiveness.The results also confirm the mediating role of innovation performance on the impact of domestic green action and external green cooperation on the competitiveness of the company.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial information reliability criteria on operating cash flows of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, an attempt has been made to answer the question that according to what has been said, the present study seeks to answer the question whether, between the criterion of financial information reliability and operating cash flows of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, Is there a significant impact? In the present study, the statistical population includes all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 0202-0200, which was equal to 092 companies. Also, to answer the above question, a sample of 000 companies was examined. In this research, for data collection, the library method has been used, using modern delivery software and by referring to the Tehran Stock Exchange Organization and studying the basic financial statements of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, and the technique of data analysis has been used. Descriptive statistics (mean, mean, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, skewness and elongation) and inferential (Phillips and Peron unit root test, Chow test, Hausman test, coefficient of determination, Fisher test, Watson camera, regression and correlation test) and 9Eviews statistical software is used. The results show that with more than 999 confidence between the criterion of financial information reliability and operating cash flows of companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange, there is a significant effect.

Over time, the concept of business ethics and corporate environmental accountability became widespread in the 6891s, and the general tendency to assert social responsibility became more widespread (some contributing to this tendency, corporate scandals, and the growing global nature of corporate activity). Relying on business guidelines, standards, and guidelines will be necessary but insufficient. Companies are judged on the basis of the degree of innovation in products and processes in line with social and environmental issues. A statistical sample consisting of using simple random sampling method and using Morgan table from 61 active manufacturing companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, 611 cases were selected and in each of the 3 deputies were asked to answer the questionnaire questions. After completing the mentioned questionnaires by multivariate regression method in SPSS software, the results were analyzed. The results indicate that the dimensions of ethical ideologies of social responsibility; Environmental dimension, the strategic dimension of the company has a significant impact on the rate of return on assets.

This article examines the impact of operating cash flows on the asset structure and capital of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In the present study, the statistical population of manufacturing companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange is 620 companies. Statistical sampling Systematic sampling method (screening) was used. Statistical sample Based on the restrictions applied, 122 companies were selected as the sample. Due to the nature of this research, the library method has been used to collect the required information. The required data has been collected through references to financial statements, explanatory notes, weekly reports and stock exchange monthly and using the latest editions of modern savings software. At the end of the statistical tests of mean, mean, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, skewness and elongation and inferential (Jark-Bra test, coefficient of determination, Fisher test, Watson camera and multivariate regression test) using Eviews software 7 has been used. The results show that there is a significant relationship between operating cash flows and the ratio of changes in companies ‘cash assets, but there is no significant relationship between operating cash flows and companies’ investment ratios. The results also showed that there is no significant relationship between operating cash flows and corporate profits, but there is a significant relationship between operating cash flows and external financing of companies

In a globalized world where actors especially emerging powers, are seeking to advance their position in the international structure, the use of soft power, has become increasingly important, especially in the face of scientific diplomacy.Under these circumstances, the United States, as a great power that also excels in the production and dissemination of advanced science and technology, uses this diplomacy to achieve its national goals and interests. This orientation is associated with certain features in relation to Central Asia and the Caucasus, and in particular to Kazakhstan; As the United States seeks to build constructive, purposeful, and framed cooperation with science diplomacy in a new strategic perspective, especially in the context of "Science for Diplomacy." This type of diplomatic cooperation is formed and developed based on the role of thinkers and academics and their relationship with the masses, academic and industrial centers. In this regard, the question is how scientific diplomacy has played a role in the US foreign policy towards Kazakhstan in the post-September period. In response, using the deductive research method through explaining and collecting information and scientific data, the authors examined the following assumption: In the framework of US foreign policy towards Kazakhstan after 9/11, scientific diplomacy in the form of "science for diplomacy" and by emphasizing the categories of "development-oriented cooperation" and "security-oriented cooperation" has helped to advance the foreign policy of this government. The findings of the article show that relying on scientific diplomacy in Kazakhstan, the United States has taken advantage of software opportunities to develop comprehensive relations with the country, especially in the political and security spheres, and defined Kazakhstan as a strategic allied player in the region to influence transnational equations.

The purpose of this study was to review and criticize the “Multimedia Projects in Education: Design, Producing, and Assessing” book. Therefore, analytical-documentary methods were used. The book was written by Karen S. Ivers and Ann E. Barron in 2010 and translated by Khadijeh Aliabadi and Esmail Aslani in 2016 and published by Booka Publisher. This paper has been compiled by applying the method of document analysis and reviewing the scope of the book’s merits and shortcomings and reveals that the text has shortcomings in spite of the acceptable consistency with the original text, refinement and fluency, and the availability of specially qualified vocabulary including the lack of designing a teaching-learning strategy and analyzing multiple intelligences during the process of the idea to evaluation, lack of operational and precise strategies for implementing the cooperative learning strategy (collaborative learning), the lack of attention to the details of the steps and activities of each proposed model, lack of attention to the conceptual separation of the flowchart with the content structure and the inability to select some appropriate titles according to the content. The book’s usefulness as a teaching guide for a collaborative multimedia project learning strategy is high as a source of training in electronic content production courses at the undergraduate and even master’s degree courses. Therefore, it is suggested that writers improve their formal, structural, and content defects by resolving them.

After the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1978 and the turmoil in Iran-US relations, despite limited cooperation such as the IRGCchr('39')s assistance in the US military attack on Taliban positions, relations between the two countries have been in a "state of tension." With the transformation of the international system, the environment, and the actors in the post-cold war era, the United States, with its leadership in the field of science, sought to increase its soft power, especially in its engagement with Iran, by taking advantage of scientific diplomacy. This study seeks to investigate the question of what components explain the use of US scientific diplomacy in cooperation with Iran. Using a qualitative method and collecting data from internet and library sources, the hypothesis is tested that the application of US scientific diplomacy in cooperation with Iran to increase soft power can be explained based on the components of purposeful interaction, confidence building and homogenization.

N-(2-Pyridylmethyl)-L-histidine functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (PMHis@Fe3O4 MNPs) efficiently catalyzed three-component Mannich-type reaction of ketones, aromatic aldehydes and anilines, to synthesize β-amino ketones in good to high yields. Mannich adducts were obtained in moderate to high diastereoselectivity, favoring anti isomer. The imidazole moiety of PMHis residue on catalyst plays an important role in the diastereoselectivity. PMHis@Fe3O4 MNPs were prepared via simple coprecipitation from an aqueous solution of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions using NH4OH in the presence of L-histidine, followed by reductive amination with 2-pyridine carbaldehyde in the presence of NaBH4. Obtained PMHis@Fe3O4 MNPs were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, VSM, BET, TGA, SEM, EDX and TEM analysis.

Climate change and its global impact on humanity's lives have impacted the security of individual and collective actors, especially in the West Asian Muslim region. In this passage, as the most critical issue of climate change, political, economic, social and environmental aspects pose actors with existential threats. Islamic countries in the West Asian region, as the center of the Islamic world, are exposed to the greatest threats from the water crisis and there is a possibility of a water war over this vital substance in the future. In this regard, the present paper seeks to examine the impact of the threat posed by the water crisis as the most important environmental hazard on the future security of Islamic countries in West Asia. In response, it is also worth noting that the water crisis has created and deepened existential security threats in both the socio-political and economic dimensions of the West Asian Islamic countries.

The lag between legislation and technological advances is known as one of the key factors of economic and social crises. Technological advances have sometimes occurred so quickly that it has not been possible to be monitored and legislated and this has led to social conflicts. Because it is impossible to prevent technological advance, legislators need to have a comprehensive understanding of the nature of technological changes and also provide the possibility of innovation as well as preventing abuses. One of these technological advances is related to cryptocurrencies, which are in fact new generation of common currencies. They have helped economic exchanges to be done electronically using peer-to-peer technology, without any central intermediary. These currencies have been in the center of attention due to its many attractive aspects. All the activities such as issuing, processing and verification are done within a network and there is no intermediary or central authority to control it. This characteristic has made the central banks and regulatory institutions unable to monitor these currencies. Legislation in this area requires economic and jurisprudential analysis of these instruments. As financial and monetary markets in Iran are based on Islamic regulation and require jurisprudential approval for their legitimacy, the jurisprudential aspect is important. Findings of this study imply that using cryptocurrencies needs some requirements which included the minimum level of laws to prevent creating money in the process of cryptocurrencies issuance, providing the necessary guarantee for these currencies, developing a mechanism to prevent the price fluctuations, adopting laws for acquisition, transition and receiving cash in exchange for cryptocurrencies to prevent the expanding of shadow economy and also providing the possibility of exchanging them for common currencies.

Intersemiotic translation, which can happen in the process of the translation of drama for theatre, can turn more complicated when the verbal sign system of drama has already undergone interlingual translation. The purpose of this study is to find the intersemiotic changes of translation from page to stage and to show the changes of indexical, iconic, and symbolic signs in the process of intersemiotic translation of the already interlingually translated verbal signs. In this regard, Shakespeareʼs Macbeth (1606) and its theatrical performance directed by Reza Servati (2010) were selected as the corpus and Peirceʼs model was chosen as the theoretical framework. The findings of this research demonstrate that all levels of iconical, indexical, and symbolic signs are applicable to the semiotic analysis of the performance. However, there should be a cautious generalization regarding the transfer of iconic signs. The theoretical model of this study can be used to study verbal sign variations of other literary works and other literary genres once they are intersemiotically translated to and adapted for other sign systems such as audio (like  music), visual (like painting), and audio-visual (like film).

Supply chain collaboration has been recognized as a potential business differentiator and a source of creating competitive advantage. One of the most common collaborations in the supply chain is vendor managed inventory. In this paper a vendor managed inventory system at two echelons with one vendor and multi retailers is studied. At this multi products system, goods are send to retailers cyclically. At reality, there is no exactness about available capacity of warehouses space and budget of both partners. Therefore stochastic constraints of warehouse space and budget are added to the model. The goal of the model is to minimize the total cost of the supply chain by optimizing the order quantity of each product for each retailer. At the end a numerical example of the model is solved by GAMS24.1.2 software. The sensitive analysis on the partners parameters cleared that the parameters of the vendor is more effective to mitigate the total cost of the supply chain.

To validate the Persian version of the “quality of life scale” (QLS) in assessing the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia. Clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia referred to Roozbeh hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, as well as 75 healthy participants from September 2016 to March 2017 were enrolled. The QLS was translated following the WHO guidance. To evaluate the face and content validity, a group of experts were gathered to examine the conceptual structure, translation, and back-translation. To evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity, the world health organization quality of life-bref (WHOQOL-BREF), and the global assessment of functioning (GAF) were administered to 85 patients with schizophrenia and 75 healthy controls. To evaluate inter-rater reliability, two independent raters simultaneously assessed 52 patients. Content validity index regarding relevance and clarity were 0.91 and 0.97, respectively. The discriminant validity assessment comparing the scores of the patients and the control group showed significant differences in all domains. The QLS scores had a positive correlation with GAF scores. No significant correlation was observed between the QLS and the WHOQOL-BREF domain scores among patients. Across different categories, Cronbach's alphas were 0.90 for the interpersonal relations, 0.43 for the instrumental role, 0.95 for intrapsychic foundations, and 0.86 for the common objects and activities. The intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients were more than 0.98 within all four domains. The Persian version of the QLS possesses desirable validity and reliability indices. The scale seems to measure disease-specific aspects of quality of life when compared with more generic and self-rating instruments such as the WHOQOL-BREF.

The international system as a theoretical and practical space of international actors, has always evolved and changed in different ways throughout history. The international system consists of two basic dimensions of the structure and the norm, which as a cornerstone of the global system, will change the international system if they are transformed. Changing the system from a multipolar to bipolar state due to the change in the two basic principles mentioned above is an example of this in the historical arena. After the end of the bipolar system, the international system was placed in a transitional phase, relying on a structure and normative distinction from the past. The question of the leading article is why the bipolar international system has undergone a long process after the collapse of the Soviet Union during the transition phase or the transition to an institutionalized system? In response, it is assumed that with the collapse of the bipolar system in 1991, what was evolving was the only normative dimension of the bipolar system, and the structural dimension of the system, despite its damage, still exists, because Moscow relied on the power of nuclear deterrence and as a result of survival the nuclear balance between two actors system maker, Russia and the United States.

Many stutterers suffer from excessive stress and deficit in cognitive inflexibility. Mind Simulation Model is a new treatment proposed for stuttering and its related problems.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of mind simulation model on stress reduction and cognitive flexibility enforcement in adult with stuttering disorder.
This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The number of 30 people with stuttering disorder referring to Mind Enabling Center were selected through available sampling method and put randomly into the experimental (N=15) and control (N=15) groups.
Tool: Study tools included Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al, 1983), Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (Taghizadeh and Nik Khah, 2015), and treatment protocol of mind simulation model (derived from Taghizadeh’s therapeutic- educational package of stuttering). First, basic levels of stress and cognitive flexibility were measured as the pre-tests. Then, the experimental group participated in 12 individual and grouping sessions of treatment based on mind simulation model, while the control group received no intervention. At the end, both groups completed the post-tests. The data was analysed via Multivariate Covariance Analysis (MANCOVA) via SPSS-23.
After controlling the pre-tests scores, it was manifested that treatment based on mind simulation model could reduce stress (P It can be claimed that mind simulation model can significantly treat stutter and its related problems in adults through mind empowerment.

Injuries to ACL can be seen with meniscus tear, chondral lesions, and other ligament injuries. This study assesses the epidemiology of ACL injury and concomitant injuries in an athletic population.
From January 2001 to December 2011, athletes with ACL injuries were enrolled in this study. Ultimately, 227 patients, 220 males (96.92%) and 7 females (3.08%), were studied.
Median interval from accident to surgery was 18 months, and the mean of this interval was 21.85 months. Mean age of patients was 25.6 years. 75% of patients had some type of meniscus injury (medial meniscus injury in 52.15%). The most common site of meniscus injury was posterior horn in both medial and lateral meniscus. Chondral lesions were seen in 13.4% of patients, and the highest risk was 4 years after injury. Most chondral lesions (65.5%) occurred in the medial compartment. The ligament most commonly injured in association with an ACL injury was the medial collateral ligament (6.9%). Noncontact sports, especially soccer, were the most common cause of ACL injury (50%).
In this study, we concluded that concomitant injuries with ACL tear will increase with time. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of early operation (ACL reconstruction) to decrease concomitant injuries.