فهرست مطالب zeynab khosravi

Marital conflicts are among the issues that can cause damage to the family foundation. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of attachment-oriented couple therapy on anxiety sensitivity and emotion regulation in women with marital conflict. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the current study included all women with marital conflicts who referred to the counseling centers of Arak City in the six months of summer and autumn of 2022, from whom 24 people were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 12 people in experimental and control groups. Attachment-oriented couple therapy was held in the form of 8 sessions of 90 minutes and one session per week for the experimental group. Also, to evaluate the intervention's effect, the participants answered the questionnaires on the emotion regulation of Gross and John (2003) and the anxiety sensitivity of Floyd et al. (2005). Data were also analyzed by the Yeoman-Whitney test and SPSS-23 software. The results showed that attachment-oriented couple therapy increased the level of emotional inhibition and re-evaluation (emotional regulation) and reduced physical anxiety, lack of cognitive control of physical anxiety, lack of cognitive control, and fear of observation (anxiety sensitivity) (P<0.05). Attachment-based couple therapy can decrease marital conflict, especially emotional and anxiety conflicts, and increase the quality of married life.

Dogs have been depicted in various scenes and situations in the rock art of the Middle Zagros. Rock art reflects the mentality of our ancestors towards various phenomena and shows their life style. Therefore, due to the various motifs of dog, this animal has been of great importance in the lives of past people and that is why it has been engraved in the petroglyphs and pictographs of most areas of Middle Zagros. The main questions of this study based on these motifs are: What status and value did this animal have in ancient societies? and, in which scenes and subjects are the motifs of dog often depicted? The data of this research have been collected via field and liberary methods and analyzed by descriptive-analytical method. The results show that the dog is depicted as monograph, symmetrically, in groups, in front of the wolf, with other animals, next to human, in hunting scenes and ritual ceremonies. These motifs not only show the predatory nature of dog, but also indicate to its role in improving the human living conditions by participating in hunting, flock protection, companionship in different situations and taking care of its owner in the face of any threat even after his death.

Physical activity is the motif of most archaeological evidence in ancient Mesopotamia, but the origins, functions, and values of physical activity are not well known in the whole of ancient Mesopotamian culture. The basic questions of research are that in what process of the people living in ancient Mesopotamia, various types of physical activity have emerged? And what functions and values have they had in the structure of society? Data of research has been collected to do desk study from archaeological, historical, and mythological sources and have been studied by the qualitative method of descriptive-analytical. Based on a holistic view of the culture, the purpose of this paper is to examine various types of physical activity in the structure of the Mesopotamian society from the Initial Urbanization to the end of the New Babylonian period. This study reveals that each of the ritual, martial and entertainment activities have protected the Mesopotamian man against all kinds of injuries, including mental-physical, and has brought him life and security. Physical activity is associated with power and religion, and the majority of them are projected into the world of the gods and the meaning of ritual physical activity is based on mythology. Myths, as the beliefs of ancient peoples, legitimized the king's martial and entertainment activities and emphasized important physical activities in the process of Mesopotamian human life, and reflected the common values of society

The present study tries to answer these questions What indicators were influential in expanding the sphere of authority of the Persian tribes? And what effect have these indicators had on the formation of the Achaemenid Empire? The data in this study were collected in a library manner and analyzed by descriptive and analytical methods. The results of the study show that the Great Cyrus conquered areas with dynamic economies and areas that reached the shores of open waters, and that access to these areas was necessary to form an empire. From the beginning, the Achaemenid kings' main goal was to obtain energy resources in different regions. In fact, politics, geography, and economics were combined to occupy different regions. From the time of Darius I, the land of Iran to the political center of Pars was publishes all the effective mechanisms in the field of politics, society and economy. During this period, by integrating Valuable areas of geostrategic and geoeconomic in the body of the Achaemenid Empire and applying the strategies of domination, extraction and transfer of excess energy of cities to the political center and by intelligent use of administrative system, road network and system development, irrigation and Agriculture, the Achaemenid Empire achieved the aim of its geoeconomics to develop trade and to improve standards of the people life .

Wrestling has been popular since ancient times and it has been associated with many aspects of Iranian culture. In this regard, wrestling has been a physical ritual, and today it is performed at the national, indigenous, and local levels. This study focuses on the myths behind this ritual movement. It is aimed to explain the myths that have been the reason for the meaning, continuity, and the value of this movement as a ritual in Iranian folk culture throughout history via the analytical method. In ancient culture, a person who fought with the destructive forces of nature became the heroic archetype who created livelihood and security in a society and was respected by the people. This challenge with the antagonist also entered the arena of the enemies of Iran, and wrestling was a symbol of the action of the heroes who fought a duel to protect his land and its values; but what was suggested in Iranian culture was that these heroes, whose actions establish the security and order of the society, first, must clear their background as an antagonist, and voluntarily go into the battle with shadows. In Iranian society, this became a value and moral foundation for the heroic archetype and remained in the collective subconscious of the Iranian society, and in the festivals of folk culture where wrestling is held, all these values are projected on the wrestler character. This forms the kind of social identity and cohesion through which viewers receive love and self-fulfillment.

The relationship between the complex index of spirituality and psychological constructs such as mental health is supported by research. However, the role of spirituality in predicting the psychological indicators in Iranian society has not been addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of spirituality and self-efficacy in predicting happiness and mental health.

The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in a correlational design. The data of this study were collected during the academic year of 2017-2018. Totally, 242 students were estimated using Cochran formula and selected based on the cluster sampling method and entered into the study process after obtaining the necessary criteria. Participants completed four questionnaires of spirituality, happiness, self-efficacy and mental health at one period of time. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression tests using SPSS 21.

The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between spirituality and its four dimensions with self-efficacy (Pchr('39')s all = 0.01). There was also a significant negative relationship between spirituality and its four dimensions with mental health hazards, physical health dimension, anxiety dimension, social dimension and depression dimension (Pchr('39')s all= 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between spirituality index and its dimensions with happiness (Pchr('39')s all= 0.01). In addition, spirituality and self-efficacy predicted 29% and 36% of happiness variance, respectively. Besides, spirituality and self-efficacy predicted 26% and 30% of mental health variance, respectively.

The findings of this study indicated that the role of spirituality and self-efficacy in predicting happiness and mental health. These findings can be combined with clinical implications in formulating preventive and therapeutic interventions. Performing a clinical trial to benefit from spirituality-based interventions can be a good way to do further study.

The Sassanid empire has provided political thought, according to the geopolitical and geopolitical status, which its interests were gained. In the present study the raised issues are that how and on what basis did the Sassanid Imperial organize politic geography of Iran plateau from 224 AD to 420 AD? And what was the effect of this space organization on their political thought? It is assumed that Sassanid Kings, after attaining to hegemony in different regions, divided geography of space according to Iran geographical diversity and its geopolitical situation compared to surrounding areas, and provided necessary political thought in order to maintain this political space and influence in different regions. In terms of the methodology, bibliographical method was used for data collecting, and the method of data analysis was content analysis and historical. The resultant data shows that the course of the geography of Iran plateau was not integrate in the first Ardeshir period and was very disorganized, so it can't be said that there was a concentrating in this period. With the development of the territory in the course of the first Shapoor, the geographic scope was split based on the three geographic layer, included divergent and convergent zones included (Iranshahr) and areas outside of Iran three geographic layers, namely Aniran, and the concept of negligible political thought was presented. From 273 AD, with the loss of areas of Iranian geographical scope, the hegemony of previous Kings became also fruitless.

the outcome of political thought of Kartir is the unity and integrity of the political geography of Iran, the protection and preservation of the geopolitical position of the country, religious and political thought was made propaganda ystematically throughout the Sassanid Empire of Iran. In this study, information was collected of historical, archaeological and political sources and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method based on Gramsci and Gutman's theory. And was tried to answer questions like: What factors created the ground for Carter's political thought to be published? What symbols did Kartir use to disseminate his political thought? And what social class or court group provide political thought of Kartir the interests. The results show that from the beginning of the founding of the Sassanid Empire the theoreticizing of the ideology for the political system was argued that Ardeshir I provided an epistemological ideology with epic themes and Shapur I with tolerant political thought; But with the domination of the aristocracy, they are used to legitimize in political geography of Iran and the formation of a national identity in international relations, based on the teachings of Zoroastrian, nationalism and folk stories, and the practice of marriage with conscience To form the area of influence and to determine their territory and borders, they set up the symbol of fire in different regions, and Carter was the organizer of this ideology, the aristocrats, many of whom were priests, were the real dealers of the country until The period of Ghobad and Khosravanushirovan .

In ancient world, The Silk Road has been one of the greatest human achievements throughout history for the comprehensive communication of human beings and cultures in the East and West. Existence of Silk Road has proven Parthian period. In this era, Silk Road not only made possible the economic and social rotation in the ancient world, but also became one of the most important means of exchanging culture, art and language along the road. The Silk Road has been a crossroads between East and West Asia over the centuries, and the land of Iran as an intermediary land has provided of international exchanges, facilities, infrastructure and security for the Silk Road. This study, by collecting information in a library method and using a descriptive-analytic approach, has investigated the social dimension of the Silk Road. The results indicate that the effect of the Silk Road has affected the economic and cultural aspects and, in the social dimension, has led to the prosperity of industries and employment, the standardization of money, the increase of revenue through customs, the increase of road safety and the creation of infrastructure.

Xwēdōdah had been one of the cultural issues in ancient Iran based on political thought. Xwēdōdah was especially common among royal families. Xwēdōdah tradition has been carried out for a very long period of time; the same factor explains the importance of this tradition. The emergence of this tradition based on archaeological evidence dates back to the Elamite era which continued in Achaemenid era with some changes. In the ancient Iran, religion and politics were heavily influenced by “life-worlds” having harmonic horizons. In this paper, Xwēdōdah is viewed as a ritual demand of political thought in line with the reign immortality which existed in two Elamite and Achaemenid eras and also continued into Sassanid era in another form. This research, using a phenomenological approach, studies the essence and reason of continuation of this ritual along with an objective interpretation of such evidence as water, woman, snake and abstract concepts like "Snake Goddess". Finally, it is concluded that belief in totems and their holiness originate from the demands of political thought on the basis of religion, by the institution of politics and power in both Elamite and Achaemenid eras.

Dental practice presents opportunities for cross‑contamination. The dentist’s face is at high‑risk of infection transmission. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of contamination in different areas of dentist’s face during dental practices. The visible splashes of materials that accumulated on cellulose face shields during 144 prosthetics and periodontal procedures were evaluated. The splashes were detected on 14 areas (each 1 cm2) of the dentist’s face including around nose, mouth, eyes, and zygoma by a magnifier (×2). One way analysis of variance, Duncan and t‑test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). Contamination of different areas of dentist’s face was significantly different (P < 0.05). The areas around nose and the inner corner of eyes were the most contaminated areas. Zygoma was the least contaminated area. The contaminated areas during periodontal treatments were significantly more than prosthetic treatments (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between contamination on left and right sides of the face. During dental practice, central areas of the face such as inner part of the eyes and around the nose were most contaminated areas. These parts are the important areas for transmission of infection. It is recommended to use protective means like glasses, mask, and protective shield, which have more protection field in these areas.

Goddess is of great significance in various ancient cultures. The discovery of the Mud statuettes of the fertility goddess from different ancient areas denotes this subject. Anāhitā is one of the oldest Iranian goddess. The name of this goddess isnt in Gāhān but in late Avesta, the fifth Yašt belongs to Arədī Sūrā Anāhitā. Though Anāhitā has similar characteristics with Sarasvati, the Hindu goddess of wisdom, her characteristics in Ābān Yašt as well as relics such as her statues shows the great influence of Babylonian goddess, Ištar on characterization of Anāhitā in the Iranian mythologies. In this paper, according to mythological, historical and archaeological resources, similar characteristics between Anāhitā and Ištar and the influence of Ištar on the characteristics of Anāhitā were studied.