جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اصطلاح شناسی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Terminology is a group of specialized words and respective implications in a specific field, additionally, the consideration of such terms and their utilization. Terminology is one of the most essential aspects of any field of study. This gives an understanding of the concepts and contextual information to how you will be using those concepts. In archaeology, like all other sciences, we need to create and revise some concepts. This article proposes to establish a universal definition of the phenomenon of Domestication. Domestication is the adaptation of a plant or animal from a wild or natural state to life in close association with humans. In this research, the etymology and definitions of the phenomenon of Domestication are considered, followed by its evolution across the literature. This article defines some specialized terms of the Neolithic process in domestication, which is the driving force behind the dynamics of archaeological patterns and the transition from historical-cultural archeology to processual archaeology following the change from threshold to process and long-term formations. However, Iranian archeology has not yet kept pace with this dynamic. The picture provided for the users of archeology is a static image of science, and it is implied that science is a fixed and unchanging reality. This essay aims to demonstrate the difficulties and flaws in archaeological information transmission when scientific language is not prepared. The need to disseminate new knowledge and technology is one motivation for solving this problem. Archaeological research in Iran is now undergoing a crucial shift from traditional to processual methods. Studies of the Neolithic process are only starting in many locations, and terminology-related issues must be addressed. The result of this research is the ascertainment that adopting a universal definition of the phenomenon of Domestication is absolutely paramount in order to progress on all animal and plant-related matters.

Technical Term Network (TTN) is an innovative method to find similarities among texts by matching technical and scientific terms used in them. This model, inspired by and built based on the semantic network of linguistics, is effective in finding the primary sources of a book and recognizing the identity of an unknown text. The treatises of mathematics and especially arithmetic ones are very similar to each other due to their logical structure; this issue sometimes causes faults in identifying the title and author of the work, especially if the copy is acephalous, i.e. missing the beginning of the text, mistaking some original Persian texts for translations, or confusing works with similar content in cataloging manuscripts in such a way. In many cases, the mentioned inaccuracies have been repeated by the researchers who rely on the information of the indexes. This research aims to introduce a new method in the classification of texts and manuscripts, especially arithmetic sources in the Islamic period (5th-13th centuries AH/11th-18th centuries AD), in order to take a novel approach by means of a targeted search instead of adapting the total content of the texts, to criticize their sources and recognize their identities.

Conceptual classification of words is one of the topics that has long been considered by researchers in the field of conceptology and terminology. The present study was conducted with the aim of conceptual classification of Persian derivative and compound words and for this purpose, 660 derivative and compound words that were extracted from the ‘A dictionary of Persian orthography and spelling’ (Sadeghi and Zandi-Moghaddam, 2015) by systematic random sampling have been analyzed and examined based on two conceptual classifications presented by Felber (1984) and Weissenhofer (1995). The results of this analysis showed that these two classifications are not able to cover all research data and only part of the data can be classified based on them. Then, in order to eliminate the shortcomings of these two classifications and achieve a comprehensive conceptual system, conceptualization was performed on the data, which resulted in the identification of 54 separate underlying concepts, which was finally presented in the form of a systematic classification model. In this model, all identified concepts are organized into five general groups: (1) Process, which itself is divided into two main categories of action and event; (2) Entity, which itself includes the two major categories of physical entity and abstract entity; (3) Relationship; (4) Status; and (5) Property.

The Holy Qur’an is a lingual text. Communicating with this text, whether in a simple or complex form, is possible only through language. The humanities will also be able to use and communicate with the Qur’an if it establishes a strong linguistic relationship with it. This linguistic communication takes place in two stages. The first stage is when the researcher chooses a specific term to examine in the Qur’an. The second stage is when the person chooses the appropriate Qur’anic equivalents in accordance with the chosen term. In both stages, we face the specific language relationship and its specific challenges. In order to identify the complexities of the latter stage, the present article, using a linguistic approach, introduces six types of these challenges and provides an example for each. Misunderstandings due to transformability, misunderstandings due to being automated, misunderstandings due to complexity, misunderstandings due to similarity, misunderstandings due to discourse differences, and misunderstandings due to being translation-oriented are pathologies that are significant at this stage.

The importance of words and their role in drawing the intellectual space is not hidden from anyone. Changes in the basic and theoretical concepts of science create the opportunity for new attitudes and the creation of new theoretical concepts in a scientific order. On the other hand, changing the basic concepts requires changing the terminology to prevent the mentality of the scientific community from interfering and overlapping with the previous concepts. The creation of new concepts that are the result of scientific advances in various fields requires a redefinition of the terminology system in that branch of science. Due to the current situation of research in the field of geomorphology, which is mainly focused on the applied sectors and less development of the basic principles has been done, fundamental research and terminological development and the development of the fundamentals of this branch of science are felt. In this research, with the aim of terminological development and development of theoretical roots of geomorphology in the form of a basic research and in general order to provide a redefinition of the hierarchical structure of morphology in the field of geomorphology, the research has been planned. Different branches of science face different phases during their growth and development. In this study, two main phases that affect scientific networks in different periods called static terminological phase and dynamic terminological phase are explained. From a brief overview of the research trends governing the science of geomorphology, infertility in the creation of new concepts and meanings can be inferred that can be attributed to the terms of the static phase of terminology. Coming out of static terminological conditions and entering dynamic conditions requires more attention to fundamental studies and redefining pre-existing concepts in the form of new terminology. In this regard, the basic morphological structure in geomorphology (including 7 levels: Land concept, Land space, Landscape, Landform, Land Feature, Land Object), relationship structures (Hierarchical or non-hierarchical relationships, intra and inter-level relationships, one-way and two-way relationship), scale levels (including: universal, global, regional, zonal, focal, local, pointwise), and flow of energy are explained.

Different branches of science face different phases during their growth and development. Two main phases that affect scientific networks in different periods, in this research, are named and explained Dynamic Terminological Phase (DTP) and Static Terminological Phase (STP). Given that the theoretical development of different branches of science is associated with terminological development and this relationship is a kind of interrelated relationship, in the dynamic phase of terminology, different branches of science, are more dynamic which this would be reflected in the terminological production volume. In the other phase, the volume of terminological production is reduced and is a kind of response to scientific stagnation, which is called the static phase of terminology, and is an indicator of fundamental stagnation and scientific development in that branch of science. Formerly, form units in geomorphology have been considered based on units of landscape, land view, land form and land feature (Ramesht, 1384, 15). In the classification presented in this research, the resolution of the classification system and their leveling is presented in a different way. The distinctive feature of the recently proposed structure is its higher resolution as well as its semantic nature.In this hierarchical system, each form unit can contain a number of sub-units. From the combination of seven hierarchical units of form, the structure of modern morphology in geomorphology is formulated, the largest unit of morphology unit in this structure is land concept and the smallest unit is land-object. In this structure the land concept, land space, land context, landscape, landform, land feature, land object, have universal, global, regional, zonal, focal, local, and point-wise scales, respectively. The scale levels are also classified into four Major classes: Mega, Macro, Meso, and Micro. In the proposed formulation structure, 10 different types of interaction and relationship that are related to the structure of this structure, are explained. These relationships can be hierarchical or non-hierarchical, intra-level or inter-level, one-way or two-way. From the combination of the above states, ten relations are created. morphic relations in this form structure can be divided and classified into two main groups: vertical and horizontal.

The nature of the current space governing the science of geomorphology, which is itself a function of the space of the scientific community as a whole, indicates a stagnation in the birth of concepts and being in a static terminological phase. Such conditions justify the need for such fundamental studies in order to open new spaces. With this explanation, monitoring the content and semantic space of geomorphology, it seems that this science, like many other sciences, is in a static phase of terminology. This issue can, over time, damage the meaning and spirit of a scientific discipline. In this research, the solution to get out of this space and try to enter the dynamic terminological phase, through the design of new meanings in the form of new terminology has been considered. In this regard, the basic formulation system that was proposed in geomorphology with a completely new structure and different hierarchical levels, has been configured and developed in the form of a new terminological design. This new system of morphology is presented in 7 different levels, including: Land Concept, Land Space, Land Context, Land scape, Land form, Land feature and Land object is Provided.In the proposed morphological structure, 10 different types of relationships and the relationship that these relationships have with the morphological structure are explained.Scale The studies at each of the hierarchical levels of the proposed morphological system are explained on a universal, global, regional, zonal, focal, local and point scale, respectively.

This writing has dealt with the semantics of the phrase “‘aqala ‘an Allāh” in traditions. For this reason, the literal meaning of the verb “‘aqala” has been presented and its applications when associated with the particle “‘an” has been collected and classified. Based on this, the phrase “‘aqala ‘an” in the traditions dealing with jurisprudence denotes “to undertake and to pay another person’s compensation for unintentional injury (diat all-khaṭa’). In non-jurisprudential traditions, however, “‘aqala” denotes: learning, receiving and keeping in mind. In this field, the above phrase has been associated with the blessed word of Allah, so it denotes learning and receiving from God. In most of these usages the indirect object is not mentioned, however, it exists and is implied, because the verb “‘aqala” is a transitive one and requires an object. Considering the object “amrah” in certain usages along with the context of the traditions, one can consider the object as the divine Command or Affair, and the above phrase as learning and receiving the divine commands from God or whatever relates to His affair, whether this receiving be through the messengers of God or through paying attention to the call of one’s natural disposition (fiṭra).

Philosophical theology and theological philosophy are two emerging terms in the field of Islamic sciences. The present study, with a terminological approach (terminology) and inductive method, seeks to determine the position of these two terms in the comprehensive system of the Dictionary of Islamic Sciences. Accordingly, he has explored statements and writings that have either been in the position of explaining the meaning of these two terms or have used them to express their intentions, without specifying their meaning and purpose. The most important results of the research are as follows: The origin of both terms is methodological issues; Hence, "in terms of division" in both terms is "methodology". Regarding the meanings of the two terms, the difference in the meanings desired by the users of each of these two words is such that it cannot be referred to the single meaning and can only be justified by the promise of verbal sharing. All applications of "philosophical theology" and some applications of "theological philosophy" are related to the field of knowledge of Islamic theology. The proposal of this research is based on the basics of the terminology of writing, agreeing and reconciling on the meaning of "theology using philosophical methods, teachings and rules" for the term "philosophical theology", and abandoning the use of the term "theological philosophy".

The classification of words for organization and easy access to their various dimensions, as well as the aggregation of information, is one of the topics that has long been the focus of attention of researchers in the field of conceptoloy and terminology. This research has two objectives. First, to classify a selection of content words in Moein Dictionary based on the approaches of Felber (1984) and Langacker (2008, 2013), in order to examine the capability and efficiency of approaches in classifying the general words of dictionary, as well as the possibility of combining the approaches and achieving a more comprehensive paradigm. Second, to identify and categorize the underlying concepts of the entries extracted from dictionary via conceptology, and compare the advantages and disadvantages with the classifications of Felber and Langacker. The data includes 990 content words extracted from the Moein dictionary, by the random sampling method. The results of the study show that Felber and Langacker’s classifications and the combination do not possess the essential efficiency to classify all words in the dictionary. Thus, the solution found in the conceptology of lexical entries, as a result of which 45 concepts were identified and presented as a unified model.

In the present article, we have enumerated, after an introduction on the nature of terminology and its meaning for us here, about 50 terms and expressions related to the philosophical concept of “science” or close to its meaning through induction. We have then selected the following terms as appropriate to the philosophical discussions of studying sciences: “consciousness”, “perception”, “knowledge”, “science”, “intellect”, and “reasoning”. In the next step, we have studied the literal meaning of those terms to mention their philosophical conception and their difference from one another by adducing the works of philosophers. In the next step, we have dealt with studying the usage of those terms in philosophical works; and finally, we have suggested the best and most appropriate terms for various aspects of philosophical study of science, such as the epistemological aspect and the ontological aspect of science.

The interdisciplinary studies of the Holy Qur’an suffers from the ambiguity of terms and a lack of consensus among scholars about them. That said, mythic expression is a branch of literary criticism which is even more challenging because of its relation to religious texts on the one hand and with myths on the other. Yet, this literary genre is only a creative and artistic approach basically different from texts' narrating myths. The present paper thus aims to provide an exact definition of mythic expression as a term within literary stylistics and the science of rhetoric and then to discuss its various applications in the exegetic and scientific tradition of Muslim Qur’an scholars. This study addressed the following questions 1-What is mythical expression, and what status it has in the literary studies of the Holy Qur’an? 2- Is it possible to find equivalents or substitutes for this term within the exegetic tradition of Muslims and Qur’an scholars, and how are they different from each other? The findings suggest that mythic expression in the Holy Qur’an, regardless of its long history and significance in literary studies, scrutinizes the rhetorical level of the religious texts and can be traced in Muslims'' traditional rhetoric chiefly via terms such as personification, metaphor, metonymy, pictorial language, etc.

An applied issue in scientology is the study of the structure of science. Issues such as parts of sciences, enumeration of sciences, divisions of sciences, the right headlines (al-ru’ūs al-thumānīyya), classes of sciences, and the like indicate that the structure of sciences was of great importance for Muslim intellectuals, and in recent centuries, structural approaches to scientology began to increasingly develop. The study of the structure of science from the perspective of the parts of the text and internal elements of science is helpful for understanding, learning, considering, refining, and classifying propositions and ideas, as well as for methodology and systematic study and production of sciences, since it provides us with a mental map. Moreover, since it represents sub-branches of sciences in a structured form, it can help the methodology of the educational system, course outlines, research outlines, and scientific-practical projects. In this paper, I seek to recognize the structured view of science from the perspective of systematizing the internal elements of sciences, providing a model for production and portrayal of Islamic sciences.

Citizenship rights are nowadays considered by many scholars, sociologists and politicians to strive to clarify new dimensions of people's rights promote human values and establish human dignity. Thinkers and writers have focused on various aspects of human rights, including rights and obligations, ethics. For example, long-standing Persian books containing the complete period of interpretation of Qur'anic verses; the Interpretation of the Kašf al-Asrār wa ʿOddat al-Abrār of Rashīd al-Dīn Maybudī is full of the meanings and ethics of citizenship. The present paper attempted to explain which of the examples and components of citizenship rights are in the context of the interpretation of the Kašf al-Asrār wa ʿOddat al-Abrār of Rashīd al-Dīn Maybudī and is of great significance. The research community includes all the documents and resources related to the subject. In this study, the various dimensions of citizen's rights and how they interact with them in Kašf al-Asrār Maybudī, it was discovered that Kašf al-Asrār wa ʿOddat al-Abrār of Rashīd al-Dīn Maybudī has paid more attention to the ethical aspects of human rights than other aspects such as the right way to deal with people, respect for the rights of the orphans, cherishing the poor, thinking about our actions and behaviors, patience and forbearance, time management, acquiring Halal in life, dealing with relatives, firstly greetings, tolerance to people, prayers and benevolence, amnesty and passing, charity to others, considering the audience's level of thinking and compliance with eating habits.

The core question of this paper is what are the main parameters that have drifted the theoricians and practicians from GTT toward the socio-communicative and cognitive theories of Terminology? It deems that the functional interactions between concepts, word/term, syntax and their interrelation, and even their difference in the units of meaning have led ontologically and epistemologically to the formation and development of various kinds of terminological theories. By differentiating different theories and sub-theories of Terminology according to functional relationships pertaining between concepts, words, terms, syntax and by following up the various contours of this development from lexical turns in the early GTT to the significant transfigurations that have ensued in frame-based terminological units, we have discovered that neither GGT, nor socio-communicative theory and even nor cognitive theory have not considered the importance of syntax; because every syntactical analysis regardless of the language (general or specialized) should be based upon a syntactical theory. Whereas both terminology and syntax have remained conservative toward each other.
We have also witnessed great efforts that terminological theories deploy to differentiate terms and words; these efforts are brought into action to an extent that some theories such as wusterian GGT, consider “terms” «exclusively as linguistic codes» presenting specifically different functionalism in respect to “words” in “general language”. This means that in GGT, Terms and onomasiological organization are predominant in nominating and qualifying specialized terms. Whereas in framed-based terminology, uses “frame” and semasiological organization to present the terminological entries.
Saying so, it deems that the ontological and phenomenological differences of semantic units in GGT and frame-based terminological theory and also inattention toward the context and the structure of technical term formation within GGT in respect to socio-communicative terminology and socio-cognitive terminology, have created some tensions in initial concepts and the very basic presumptions of these theory. This actually opens up the way to the development of other reactional or even opposite theories.
We have also noted that “terms” in communicative terminology are «content-based structures», but this theory, like all others lack, using appropriate syntactical model. Moreover, the formation of meaning is still opaque in communicative theory. In communicative terminology, although the meaning is rendered by its semantic representations, but there is no evidence that how these representations are actualized: we don’t know neither their common points or their divergent points, nor their constraints. Thus, onamasiological organization in communicative terminology, needs to be more clarified.
As for socio-communicative terminology the effort is to offer a complete definition and description of a term; this demands listing thoroughly the whole terminological entries of the given specialized discipline. We also need to propose an ontological model for each notion. But before doing so, we need to consider the relation of categories and their independence from cultural and linguistic context.
Despite this, conceptualization in frame-based cognitive terminology encounters two main problems: Given that language and culture are subjectively represented in all levels of conceptualization, the question rises, logically, about the standard criterion for distinguishing the linguistic units. Meanwhile, since subjective representations are unlimited we may imagine an infinite number of conceptual relationships. Therefore, it appears that “idealized cognitive models” or “prototypical categories” are actually rather subjective and personalized than objective and universal. This will inevitably, affect conceptualization and also terminologisation in cognitive theories and block, for indeed, any effort of normalization according to objective criterion.
Thus, it is necessary to design, for ontological and phenomenological purposes, a specific model (or some specified models) in specialized fields, facilitating by this way, the perception of that field for the specialized users. It is also recommended to create systematic models or common axiological models which allow somewhat structured definitions for each term and which are able to elaborate significant relations of the conceptual and semantic categories in each field of knowledge.

Structural classification of branches of knowledge is established on terminology of sciences and properly understanding them. This article is intended to respond to the concerns about classification of Qur’anic sciences from the terminological viewpoint, which is a key role in systematization of sciences. Exploring into this issue comprises of several pivots. First: the importance of terminology in history of science; second: the background of terminology in Qur’anic sciences; third: the expanse of Qur’anic sciences and the necessity of its classification in terminological form; and fourth (the conclusion of the discussion): recognition of the structural classification in the Qur’anic sciences.

“Allegory” is one of the oldest concepts that have been taken into consideration in many literary studies from rhetoric up to hermeneutics. No attempt has been made to clarify the semantic fields of this widely used concept in numerous studies have been, directly or indirectly, conducted; however, the recognition of the semantic fields of applied terminology is considered as the most basic needs in every knowledge. This study is to explore various examples of allegory in the field of literary studies in Persian, Arabic, and English languages and seeks to provide a clear definition of allegory in each domain. Therefore, referring to the first-hand resources in all mentioned languages, and looking comparatively at the definitions of allegory in the most important sources of Islamic rhetoric, it will be tried to examine this term in rhetoric and other fields of literary studies in West. Based on the opinions of rhetoric experts about allegory and the ways the poets and the writers used it, three main meanings can be recognized for this term: a) allegory as a rhetorical technique; b) allegory as a literary type; c) allegory as a form of reading and interpreting literary works.

The futures is discover and create through language And the issue of terminology and the concepts and appropriate terminology has been a continuing challenge for the field of futurology. The aim of this study philological and conceptual confusion in the field of futurology. This is a descriptive study using library information and critical analysis is done. One aspect of futurology studies, attention to the terminology of the field. In this study the effect of different geographical and cultural origins of the historical process of the formation of words realm of futurology is investigated. By analyzing the similarities and differences as well as futurology literature, general and particular relationships, and the realm of futurology and foresight activities is also provided. Finally, researchers have proposed the term futurology to call this science. This study tried to present an overview of the principles of linguistic philosophy and classification of definitions, a framework for thinking and reflection in dealing with futurology words and their definitions is available to researchers.

Presenting a proper impact of terminology in systemizing scientific terms and its role in a suitable perception of structural form of sciences, this paper is seeking a reply to concern about classifying internal - scientific of jurisprudence. Studying the subject is organized in the four axes. In the first axis, the paper speaks about term of knowledge`s importance, in the second one, it examines some titles that cause of knowing the terms of sciences; third one discuses of limits and extension of Fiqh, and the fourth one is specified for finding and cognition of Fiqh in the terminological form, and also for important utilities.