جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بهارستان » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Irony as a word means mockery, ridicule, derision, and the like. In Persian literature, there have been many names for all kinds of jokes, with different credits. In contemporary research in this field, irony is used as a word for all texts that are characterized by laughter. In fact, irony is a type of literature that magnifies evil and ugliness. In this descriptive-analytical research, the general and expanded meaning of irony, which includes concepts such as lampoon and facetiae, is used, and after examining the definition and scope of the concept of irony and specifically, situational irony, we will analyze this genre in the sixth chapter of Jami’s prose work called Baharestan in order to identify the various statuses that create irony in this text; Finally, we try to analyze why certain statuses are used more frequently. So, in this research, at the theoretical level, the most frequent statuses used to create the situational irony in the classical Persian literature have been discussed and then, at the applied level, the situational irony in a specific literary work has been analyzed using those theoretical tools. On one hand, the descriptive dimension of this paper is based on the explanations about irony, in general, and the situational irony and the statuses which make it, in particular. On the other hand, the analytical aspect of this research is based on the implementation of the aforesaid analysis in the sixth chapter of Jami’s Baharestan. The findings of this research show that Jami has used situational irony in more than half of the passages of the sixth chapter of Baharestan, and his most frequent use in creating situational irony has been the status of disagreeable characteristics. In this way, he has ironized both external undesirable traits, such as ugliness, and inner unsavory characteristics, such as oppression. In addition, Jami’s use of eight different situations out of the ten most frequent situations that create situational irony in classical Persian literature has displayed a high diversity in the aforementioned book.

As much as poets have tried to elevate their words, prose writers have also tried to elevate their works by using various rhetorical aspects.The simile has been the first imagery since the beginning of the development of Persian language and literature. Every poet wanted to make his words more imaginative, sublime and fresh than predecessors, and in order to achieve such a thing, he had to redefy trite similes. Metaphor in every poet's poetry is the result of exaltation and perfect simile of poets before him. Considering the passage of several centuries in the literary life of the Persian language and literature and passing through the stage of growth and development, Saadi and Jami should have either used new similes or changed the similes of the predecessors to create a fresh and new image in order to elevate their literary works. and accompanied by metamorphosis. Considering the fact that Saadi's words for commoners and elites have often been far from ambiguity, it is expected that he and his followers have tried more to change the words of the predecessors and less to create fresh similes. In this research, we have tried to answer the question that what devices did Saadi use in the fifth chapter of Golestan and Jami in the sixth shrine of Baharestan to redefy their similes? For this purpose, by analytical-descriptive method and based on the obtained evidence, we have shown that Saadi and Jami use the devices of conditional simile, preferential simile and conditional simile, conceit simile, metonymical simile, allegorical simile, equivalent simile and asymmetrical simile, similes and additional imagery, negleational similes, the use of vehicle, and rare words of comparison have been used to redefy similes and eliminate trite. equivalent simile, especially in rhythmic prose, can be used as a device with which the poet, like the asymmetrical simile, can redefy the simile and provide an opportunity for homophony. Although Jami intended to follow Saadi's style, he was not always successful. When sensitive simile becomes rational simile, or vehicle becomes unusual, Saadi's words are always firm and unambiguous ; But Jami's words become ambiguous. Saadi is also sometimes helpless in finding a clear point of resemblance for allegorical simile or preferential simile of reference type. The process of forming  imagery usually begins with simile and the poet has to leave one of Sides of comparison in order to defamiliarization. Metaphor is the result of defamiliarization, de-familiarity with trite metaphor. negleational simile is a metaphor for familiarity, de-familiarization and a platform for creating metaphors. The negleational simile is a vehicle for defamiliarization  and a platform for the creation of metaphor. In order to keep their words out of ambiguity, Saadi and Jami have tried not to use often far-fetched or pristine metaphors, and instead have become for defamiliarization with the metaphors of the predecessors.

Jami has composed Baharestan according to the characteristics of Golestan. Despite the greater tendency of both works to use the pole of "selection" instead of "combination", the problem arises that despite the fact that the two works that are close to each other in terms of style, what characteristics they have in terms of language and what are the linguistic similarities or differences between the two. In this research, the structure of the nominal group (NP) as one of the important structures of the language in a corpus taken from examples from Golestan and Baharestan has been investigated in a descriptive-analytical way. The findings of the research show that the frequency of NPs in Golestan is more than that of Baharestan. Also, the frequency and relative frequency of NPs without dependents is more in Golestan than that of Baharestan. Examining dependents in NPs shows two results that the constructions "head+noun", "head+adjective" and "head+noun group" are the dominant constructions of single dependent NPs and "relative clause" is as the dominant posterior dependent of NPs in Golestan and Baharestan. On the other hand, the constructions "quantifier + head", "head+ noun", "head + adjective" and "head + noun group" are the dominant constructions of single dependent NPs in Golestan and the constructions of "indefinite adjective + head", "head + noun", "head + adjective", "head + relative clause", "head + NP" and "head + prepositional group” are the dominant constructions in Baharestan.

A story is an allegory made to give meaning to a collective experience with the aim of extending its generalization as a comprehensive understanding of that experience. The question of the current research is, what cognitive consequences does the application of the story with its comprehensive generalization ability and practical capabilities have? Examining the causes of generalizability in language and narrative elements in Kalileh and Damneh, Marzbannameh, Golestan and Baharestan show; the language is made up of: commonly used, simple and general meaning words, small noun groups and short sentences. The narrative structure of the story is small and simple and complete, character types are processed by using common nouns and adjectives. Events and few incidents that are included in the verbs of very short sentences. The scene is often processed with general and vague adverbs of time and place. The omniscient narrator includes the general theme of the story at the peak of the narration; therefore, due to its language and structure, the story has become so generalizable that its examples can be generalized to all people in all times and all places. In addition, the generalizable narrative and linguistic features have given practical capabilities to the story. Including; meaningful ability, oral transmission ability, conceptualization ability, ability to apply metaphorical elements of narrative, ability to accept broad implicit meanings, ability to give meaning to experience, ability to imagine creatively, ability to persuade, role play The adaptability and capabilities that have provided the grounds for its widespread use, and its widespread use has some cognitive consequences. Including; Holism, homogenous identity, persistence of beliefs, reductionism in cognition, one-dimensional view of phenomena, absolutism and mental prejudices.

Abd al-Rahman Jāmi is a famous poet and writer of the ninth century AH, who is in fact the end of the great Persian poets and is considered the greatest poet after the era of Hafez. Jāmi is a professional Sufi poet who uses Sufi terms in his poetry and prose, and in Baharestan, many examples of good mystical thoughts can be found. Jami has expressed these thoughts mostly in short stories. Throughout Baharestan, Jāmi does not forget his main goal and purpose as a teacher of ethics and mysticism, and teaches readers of mysticism and ethics. Jāmi, like many mystics, considers the main goal of mysticism through the stages of mystical education or the journey of the houses of conduct, which begins with repentance and ends with annihilation, to be the essence of truth, which is the goal of every mystic. In this research, the author uses a descriptive-analytical method and a library method to study the intertextual context of Jāmi’s Sufism and mysticism in Baharestan and to answer the question of how Jāmi in Baharestan uses mystical themes to express his educational and moral goals. Studying Jāmi's mystical ideas in Baharestan concludes that Jāmi has shown interest in Iranian mysticism and the theories of Sheikhs in Khorasan and has used extensive mystical themes along with anecdotes for guidance and instruction as well as teaching others.

Sabzevar Baharestan region is located in the southern slopes of Sabzevar Mountains Almond and grape production centers in Sabzevar city. Unaware of the geomorphological condition of the units in this area and its effect on the productivity of horticultural products causes soil erosion, reduced production and economic and social challenges in this area. This research is experimental and laboratory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between geomorphological landscapes and the economic quality of almond kernels. In this research, Geodatabase was first created using research data using geological maps, topography and altitude digital model (DEM) of the region in Arc MAP software version 10.5. The study area was determined and produced. Geological maps and landscapes of the area, The almonds and soil in each landform were then sampled by field inspection using a positioning device (GPS). According to the research findings, the highest economic grades of samples 4, 2 and 10, which correspond to the areas with loamy texture and silt-loamy. These specimens are found in the fertile parts of the southern low mountains and in the downstream of the region's conifers where the soil is developed with suitable texture and excellent aeration and access to the required water. In contrast, almond size is smaller in the upstream areas of the conifers, especially near the villages of Grazg and Khoshmardan, and also yellower than almond skin compared to downstream areas.Therefore, it is recommended that almonds be cultivated and developed in the downstream areas of the region's conifers. Due to the lack of water, traditional and modern methods of water supply and irrigation should be used. Also use modified and efficient methods to increase efficiency and cultivate cultivars with late flowering or hormone replacement to prevent frost in the spring.

Urban parks are part of a public infrastructure that citizens can use for visual, environmental, educational, health, cultural, social and recreational entertainments. But one of the main challenges in realizing such vital functions of parks is lack of safety. Therefore, measuring the quality of park safety is important in order to improve its efficiency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety indexes of Urmia Regional and Urban Parks. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytic method. The method of data collection is documentary and survey. The sample size was estimated by the Cochran formula according to the scale and the population of 380 people at the areas where the parks were located. A random cluster sampling method was also used to select samples. Data processing tools include a multi-criteria decision-making model for checking the weight of the studied parks in terms of safety indicators and Pearson's path analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient for measuring the relationships between variables and the individual characteristics of the respondents.The results of the analysis indicate that: First, based on the model of the Gulflag Baghre Park with the number 5 is in the best conditions and the first rank and Saat Park with number 1 ranked 5th and is in the worst conditions. Second, according to the results of the analysis of path in relation to the most important safety indicators in the studied parks the physical safety index was recognized as a direct factor in the sense of safety with a beta of 394/0, a brightness index with a beta of 0.9 and an index of physical access with beta of 0.178 as the main indicators of safety sensitivity.

Mehr Housing consists of huge residential complexes is a national project to provide affordable housing for low-income families. The inhabitants of Mehr project are an excellent source acquiring for survey information. This study pursues its aim to estimate the level of satisfaction of the occupants of Mehr Housing in Baharestan in the south of Isfahan. The main question of this research is whether the residents of Mehr Housing in Baharestan are satisfied with the physical, service, functional and economic aspects of their own complexes? These estimates make it possible to replicate any success and avoid failures in similar sets. The research method is quantitative and descriptive analytical. Data collection tools are documentary and field (through a questionnaire). The case study is Baharestan Mehr Housing and the sample size is 184 households (%55 of the occupied units). Satisfaction measurement is based on the five point Likert scale by using SPSS software based on the correlation of quantitative findings from Pearson correlation coefficient between independent variables such as income status and marital status. The results of the research are based on the correlation of quantitative findings detect that the level of satisfaction of Baharestan Mehr Housing residents with the residential environment is moderate (neutral) and the resident’s satisfaction level is 2.68 and it is moderate. The lowest level of resident’s satisfaction with the residential environment is related to the access and transportation standard and the highest level of satisfaction is related to the security criteria. The consequent disservice can be avoided to some extent by principled planning and implementation of evaluation during the design.

Some literary texts are formed in relation to other texts, and in this sense, texts in their world have various intra-textual and intertextual relations. In the meantime, usually one of the texts is ahead of the others in terms of time. After Saadi, Golestan and his style of expression, themes, compositions and images were given general and special attention, and his simplicity, clarity of expression and kindness of speech caused him to become a role model among writers and various works based on It is created as Baharestan Jami in the ninth century, Parishan Qaani in the twelfth century and the poor ruins of Shirazi in the thirteenth century are examples of such examples. The present study, in a descriptive-analytical and statistical manner and based on library studies, seeks to study Golestan, Baharestan, Parishan and Kharabat from the rhetorical point of view and from the perspective of spiritual industries (simile, metaphor, metaphor and irony) and show that What is the basis of Golestan in terms of judging the use of the spiritual industries of the other three? Findings show that some features were applicable in all four works, including the predominance of sensory similes compared to the rational and less permissible existence, but some features are considered a special feature between Golestan and others, such as Baharestan in balanced image resolution and volume And disturbances in shared images.

For the analysis of any text based on Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), three matafunctions are considered: textual, interpersonal, and ideational. The ideational matafunction is divided into experiential and logical functions. In experiential function, language expresses the experiences of the outside world. The product of this function is transitivity that is used to specify different types of processes found in the verb. In the present study, after analyzing randomly selected anecdotes and wisdoms in Golestan and Baharestan, the differences between the applications of verbs in the two texts were analyzed using experiential function. Despite the significant differences in Sa’di and Jami’s writing style, the results of comparing selected parts indicated less application of behavioral and existential processes, and more frequency of relational and material processes. As a result, it may be concluded that although Sa’di and Jami have not discussed the origins of the issues in the two works, they have given greater consideration to the actors’ behavior as well as their account of events. It suggests that the use of different types of processes depends more on the content of the two works than on their writing style and linguistic characteristics.

Baharestan Jami (817-898 AH) is a book of ethics and moral advice with simple prose mixed with peotry written in 892 AH. Jami has written this instructions and allegorical work in imitation of Saadi's Gulestan. The fourth vow of Jami’s Baharestan is about love and lovers. Muhiuddin ibn Arabi (638-660 AH) is a great Andalusian mystic whose mysticism is based on love. Love is considered by Jami and Ibn Arabi to have many similarities. This paper is a descriptive-analytic and library research that aims to answer the question of what love is to Ibn al-Arabi and Jami. Based on the research findings, Jami seems to have been influenced by Ibn Arabi in explaining love, and both consider love to be innate and the basis of creation. For Ibn al-Arabi and Jami, the principle of mysticism, love, and unity of existence is that the centrality of the being and the truth of existence is the right of transcendence, and there is no other truth apart form that.

Minimalism is a literary style or origin in literature which is based on an extreme stress, excessive briefness and a work content simplicity. If, by definition, briefness and simplicity are considered as the most important features of minimalism, in Persian prose classic works; we face with a variety and frequency of minimalism examples, which have been considered by a group of Persian language poets and writers of since the beginning of the formation of Farsi Dari language.
Baharestsn by Abd-ol-rahman Jami is a work that is considered from a minimalist point of view. This paper by reviewing components and principles of minimalist stories seeks to find a trace of this literary style in Persian stories of Baharestan dissertation by Jami. The author of this paper considered this work qualified for minimalist features by reviewing short short story components and adapting it to some Persian stories of Baharestan.

In recent years, the population of metropolitans and large cities of Iran has had an increasing growth. This has caused irreparable damages to the economic, social, natural and ecologic infrastructure and foundations of those cities. Following the irregular population growth, new cities have been built to lower the population rate in metropolitans and to create employment opportunities. However, inattention to the qualities of urban spaces due to hasty construction and a rapid overflow of metropolitan population has created new cities favorable quality of urban and social life. Even in some cases the result has been deserted and with-no-identity cities Baharestan new town, located in the proximity of the ancient city of Isfahan, through its fitting natural potential and appropriate ecologic characteristic, can help considerably in reducing the population growth of Isfahan metropolitan and lowering economic and employment pressure on this city. The present study, after scrutinizing definitions and concepts of qualities of urban spaces and their relation and influence on other qualities presented by leading researchers of the field, came up with the most principal qualities effective in setting up new cities according to professors and experts’ opinions extracted using a questionnaire. Subsequently, using AHP method and Expert Choice software, this research assessed and measured the extracted principal qualities in the Baharestan new town. The results identified variability, efficiency, the sense of attachment, readability and vitality as principal qualities, all of which were at a relatively inappropriate condition and lower than average in Baharestan. The quality of variability was observed to be at a lower level than other qualities.

Migration is one of the main factors in regional development and social and demography policymakers pay attention to it. This phenomenon has different functions. The amount of satisfaction on dissatisfaction from migration process can be a sign of positive or negative function for migrants. The goal of this research is to survey the relation between social capital and satisfaction from migration between migrants 18 years old and over came to baharestan town. This research is going to show the mentioned relation by theory of network analysis. The research method is measurement and has been done by questionnaire tool. The society statistical which was studied is the migration 18 years old and over which came to baharestan town in Tehran province. According to the general census in 1390, 72039 migrants have entered baharestan town. The number of people who were studied on them was 325 people which were chosen systematically randomly. To measure the satisfaction of migration, a 10 question from has been used and to measure social capital, we have used 7 index public trust, institutional trust, formal participation, informal cooperative participation, informal charitable participation, informal religious participation, Knowledge and paying attention to public affairs. The results of index inter relationship shows that there is a significant relation between satisfaction of migration and public trust, institutional trust, formal participation, informal charitable participation, religious informal participation variables. The results taken out of this research show that the relation between two social capital and satisfaction of migration structure has a high level significant relation, and as much as people have more social capital in new social structure, the satisfaction of migration will be in a better position.

One of the most important works of morals in the ninth century (‘AH’) is Jami’s book, Baharestan, which, following the example of Sa’di’s Golestan, contains both prose and poetry. Using an analytical- descriptive method, the present paper “analyzes the moral themes in Baharestan”. The research findings show that the approach used by Jami in this work focuses on combatting the self and such vices like worldliness and greediness. He urges people to achieve such virtues like generosity and munificence, chivalry, contentment, and worship of God. When discussing moral issues, Jami considers that man’s ultimate aim is self-purification and aloofness from corruption for the sake of achieving highest degrees of perfection to finally attain nearness to God.

Jami's book, Baharestan, is one of the most important educational works of the 9th century (solar), which, imitating Sadi's book entitled Golestan, combines prose and poetry. The present paper entitled "an analysis of educational themes in Baharestan" is a library survey and uses content analysis and descriptive methods. The research findings indicate that the educational issues in Baharestan are apparently discussed on the basis of Imam Mohammad Ghazali's view, correspond with his thoughts relating to education in family, school and society, and its educational themes are based on justice, attention to subjects, acquiring science, trustworthiness, and good conduct. Like Imam Mohammad Ghazali, Jami believes that the ultimate aim of education is purification of soul and refraining from corruption in order to achieve sublime human excellences and finally attain nearness to God.

The book Baharestan by Hajji shekh Mohammad Hussein Ayati was written about the outstanding religious، scientific، cultural and political characters of the Ghohistan region from the past to author’s present time. In this article، Baharestan has been evaluated from descriptive-analytic method on the base of the pivots of criticism and inspections of books (external and internal criticism). Despite the author›s enormous efforts to write a well reasoned out work، about characters and events of Ghohistan، spending lots of time، and in spite of using numerous resources; this book also has some errors and with a critical viewpoint، we can make the best use of it. Author hasn’t made the optimum use of all important geographic sources and he also has ascribed some characters to Ghohistan by mistake and in some cases without any reasonable bases، he has inserted some lengthy quotations from recent sources. Also regarding the conquest of Ghohestan، no use was seen in book relating to some authentic sources and has exaggerated in describing the biography of some of Ghohestan’s outstanding characters. The cited sepulchers in this book have been mostly based on seen generosities of them، and have not been evaluated and noticed by the author from the virtue of the important precedin sources. The matters of fourth section of this book are mentioned in detail، but in precise wording and precious value which indeed has lots of value and the author by composing of this book has preserved some of the luminous figures and permanent individuals of Southern Khorasan.

Jami’s Baharestan is one of the most valuable Persian literary works; it embodies a lot of fruitful stories and discourses, whose most sources are Arabic. Though one may find out from Jami’s words that he has not used the literary works of his predecessors, an investigation on Arabic sources may lead one to lots of background works of the stories of this book. In this paper, we have identified the Arabic background works of twenty three anecdotes and the Persian sources of thirty three anecdotes out of thirty six ones of the first chapter of Baharestan. We have also shown that at least twelve anecdotes from them have come in the sources prior to Jami himself. Another finding of this study is that Jami has taken this part of Baharestan from another book namely Nafahat al-Uns (Breaths of Fellowship). In this study, we have found thirty one anecdotes from the first chapter of Baharestan in the book Nafahat al-Uns (Breaths of Fellowship).